56. Otariidae and Phocidae
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Lake Baikal Russian Federation
LAKE BAIKAL RUSSIAN FEDERATION Lake Baikal is in south central Siberia close to the Mongolian border. It is the largest, oldest by 20 million years, and deepest, at 1,638m, of the world's lakes. It is 3.15 million hectares in size and contains a fifth of the world's unfrozen surface freshwater. Its age and isolation and unusually fertile depths have given it the world's richest and most unusual lacustrine fauna which, like the Galapagos islands’, is of outstanding value to evolutionary science. The exceptional variety of endemic animals and plants make the lake one of the most biologically diverse on earth. Threats to the site: Present threats are the untreated wastes from the river Selenga, potential oil and gas exploration in the Selenga delta, widespread lake-edge pollution and over-hunting of the Baikal seals. However, the threat of an oil pipeline along the lake’s north shore was averted in 2006 by Presidential decree and the pulp and cellulose mill on the southern shore which polluted 200 sq. km of the lake, caused some of the worst air pollution in Russia and genetic mutations in some of the lake’s endemic species, was closed in 2009 as no longer profitable to run. COUNTRY Russian Federation NAME Lake Baikal NATURAL WORLD HERITAGE SERIAL SITE 1996: Inscribed on the World Heritage List under Natural Criteria vii, viii, ix and x. STATEMENT OF OUTSTANDING UNIVERSAL VALUE The UNESCO World Heritage Committee issued the following statement at the time of inscription. Justification for Inscription The Committee inscribed Lake Baikal the most outstanding example of a freshwater ecosystem on the basis of: Criteria (vii), (viii), (ix) and (x). -
The Structure-Function Relationship of the Lung of the Australian Sea Lion Neophoca Cinerea
The Structure-Function Relationship of the Lung of the Australian Sea Liont Neophoc e clnerea by Anthony Nicholson B.V.Sc. A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of PhilosoPhY' Department of PathologY' UniversitY of Adelaide February 1984 Frontispiece: Group of four adull female Australian sea lions basking in the sun at Seal Bay, Kangaroo Island. ËF:æ: oo',,, 'å¡ -*-d, l--- --a - .¡* É--- .-\tb.<¡- <} b' \ .ltl '' 4 qÙ CONTENTS Page List of Figures X List of Tables xi Abstract XIV Declaration XV Acknowledge m ents I I. Introduction Chapter \ I I.I Classification of Marine Mammals I I.2', Distribution of Australian Pinnipeds 2 I.3 Diving CaPabilitY 3 PhYsiologY 1.4 Diving 4 Cardiovascular SYstem ' l'.4.I B I.4.2 OxYgen Stores 1l L.4.3 BiochemicalAdaPtations L3 I.4.4 PulmonarYFunction I.4.5 Effects oi Incteased Hydrostatic Pressure T6 l-8 1.5 SummarY and Aims 20 Chapter 2. Materials and Methods 20 ?.I Specimen Collection 2I 2.2 Lung Fixation 2I 2.3 Lung Votume Determination 22 2.4 Parasite Collection and Incubation 22 2.5 M icroscoPY 22 2.5.I Light MicroscoPY Electron Microscopy 23 2..5.2 Trãnsmission 23 2.5.3 Scanning ElectronMicroscopy 25 Chapter 5. Norm al ResPiratorY Structure 25 t.r Introduction 25 Mam maI Respiratory System 3.2 Terrestrial 25 1.2.I MacroscoPtc 27 3.2.2 MicroscoPic 27 SYstem 3.3 Pinniped ResPiratorY 27 3.3.I MacroscoPic 28 3.3.2 MicroscoPic 3I 3.4 Results 3I 1.4.L MacroscoPic 32 3.4.2 MicroscoPic 7B 3.5 Discussion 7B 3.5.I MacroscoPtc 79 3.5.2 MicroscoPic 92 3.6 SummarY IV Page Chapter 4. -
Monk Seals in Post-Classical History
Monk Seals in Post-Classical History The role of the Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus) in European history and culture, from the fall of Rome to the 20th century William M. Johnson Mededelingen No. 39 2004 NEDERLANDSCHE COMMISSIE VOOR INTERNATIONALE NATUURBESCHERMING Mededelingen No. 39 i NEDERLANDSCHE COMMISSIE VOOR INTERNATIONALE NATUURBESCHERMING Netherlands Commission for International Nature Protection Secretariaat: Dr. H.P. Nooteboom National Herbarium of the Netherlands Rijksuniversiteit Leiden Einsteinweg 2 Postbus 9514, 2300 RA Leiden Mededelingen No. 39, 2004 Editor: Dr. H.P. Nooteboom PDF edition 2008: Matthias Schnellmann Copyright © 2004 by William M. Johnson ii MONK SEALS IN POST-CLASSICAL HISTORY The role of the Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus) in European history and culture, from the fall of Rome to the 20th century by William M. Johnson Editor, The Monachus Guardian www.monachus-guardian.org email: [email protected] iii iv TABLE OF CONTENTS MONK SEALS IN POST-CLASSICAL HISTORY ......................................................III ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................... VII ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................ VII MONK SEALS IN POST-CLASSICAL HISTORY ..............................................................................1 AN INTRODUCTION TO THE SPECIES ......................................................................1 -
Marine Mammals of Hudson Strait the Following Marine Mammals Are Common to Hudson Strait, However, Other Species May Also Be Seen
Marine Mammals of Hudson Strait The following marine mammals are common to Hudson Strait, however, other species may also be seen. It’s possible for marine mammals to venture outside of their common habitats and may be seen elsewhere. Bowhead Whale Length: 13-19 m Appearance: Stocky, with large head. Blue-black body with white markings on the chin, belly and just forward of the tail. No dorsal fin or ridge. Two blow holes, no teeth, has baleen. Behaviour: Blow is V-shaped and bushy, reaching 6 m in height. Often alone but sometimes in groups of 2-10. Habitat: Leads and cracks in pack ice during winter and in open water during summer. Status: Special concern Beluga Whale Length: 4-5 m Appearance: Adults are almost entirely white with a tough dorsal ridge and no dorsal fin. Young are grey. Behaviour: Blow is low and hardly visible. Not much of the body is visible out of the water. Found in small groups, but sometimes hundreds to thousands during annual migrations. Habitat: Found in open water year-round. Prefer shallow coastal water during summer and water near pack ice in winter. Killer Whale Status: Endangered Length: 8-9 m Appearance: Black body with white throat, belly and underside and white spot behind eye. Triangular dorsal fin in the middle of the back. Male dorsal fin can be up to 2 m in high. Behaviour: Blow is tall and column shaped; approximately 4 m in height. Narwhal Typically form groups of 2-25. Length: 4-5 m Habitat: Coastal water and open seas, often in water less than 200 m depth. -
Exploitation of Fur Seals and Sea Lions from Australian, New Zealand and Adjacent Subantarctic Islands During the Eighteenth, Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
Exploitation of fur seals and sea lions from Australian, New Zealand and adjacent subantarctic islands during the eighteenth, nineteenth and twentieth centuries John K. Ling P.O. Box 271, Clare, South Australia 5459 ABSTRACT Details of skin cargoes of fur seal Arctocephalus spp. and sea lion Neophoca cinerea and Phocarctos hookeri, originating from southern Australia, New Zealand and the adjacent subantarctic islands in the lath, 19th and 20th centuries have been collated from several secondary historicsl sources. These sources quoted quantities of skins in terms of actual tallied numbers, as untallied "cargoes" or as casks, sacks or bundles. Untallied cargoes were Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/australian-zoologist/article-pdf/31/2/323/1473420/az_1999_036.pdf by guest on 30 September 2021 converted into numbers by averaging tallied cargoes; and casks, sacks and bundles were arbitrarily deemed to contain 40, 20 and 5 skins respectively. Annual and total yields of skins are presented for ten separate areas in the region: Bass Strait, King Island, Kangaroo Island. Western Australia, New Zealand, Bounty Islands, Auckland Islands, Antipodes Islands. Campbell Island and Macquarie island. At least 1 367 000 fur seal skins were harvested between 1792 and 1948149 in the whole of the Australasian region. More than 1309 000 skins - 96% of the total - were taken up to 1830. Records indicate that only about 4 100 Neophoca and 5 800 Phocarctos were obtained from their respective areas. These figures must be regarded as minimal, as it is likely thatmany cargoes were obtained by English, American and French vessels and shipped directly to European or Asian markets. -
Assessment of Impacts and Potential Mitigation for Icebreaking Vessels MARK Transiting Pupping Areas of an Ice-Breeding Seal
Biological Conservation 214 (2017) 213–222 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Biological Conservation journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/biocon Assessment of impacts and potential mitigation for icebreaking vessels MARK transiting pupping areas of an ice-breeding seal ⁎ Susan C. Wilsona, , Irina Trukhanovab, Lilia Dmitrievac, Evgeniya Dolgovad, Imogen Crawforda, Mirgaliy Baimukanove, Timur Baimukanove, Bekzat Ismagambetove, Meirambek Pazylbekovf, ⁎ Mart Jüssig, Simon J. Goodmanc, a Tara Seal Research, Killyleagh, Co. Down, N. Ireland, UK b Polar Science Center, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, USA c School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK d Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russian Federation e Institute of Hydrobiology & Ecology, Karasaysky Raion, Almaty, Kazakhstan f Institute of Fisheries, Almaty, Kazakhstan g Pro Mare MTÜ, Saula, Kose, Harjumaa EE 75101, Estonia ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Icebreaker operations in the Arctic and other areas are increasing rapidly to support new industrial activities and Caspian Sea shipping routes, but the impact on pinnipeds in these habitats is poorly explored. We present the first quantitative Pinniped study of icebreakers transiting ice-breeding habitat of a phocid seal and recommendations for mitigation. Impacts Marine mammal were recorded from the vessel bridge during seven ice seasons 2006–2013, for Caspian seals (Pusa caspica) Ship strikes breeding on the winter ice-field of the Caspian Sea. Impacts included displacement and separation of mothers and Aerial survey pups, breakage of birth or nursery sites and vessel-seal collisions. The flight distance of mothers with pups ahead Conservation was < 100 m, but measurable disturbance occurred at distances exceeding 200 m. -
CCS Study EMS 90-0058 Migration of Northern Fur Seal (Callorhinus
CCS Study EMS 90-0058 Migration of northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) pups in the Bering Sea. Final Report. Timothy J. Ragen and Paul K. Dayton Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California, San Diego La Jolla, California 92093 September 1990 Minerals Management SeNice Department of the Interior Alaska CCS Region 949 East 366th Avenue Anchorage, Alaska 99508-4302 Purchase Order No. <~ --.-J ● Migration of northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) pups in the Bering Sea. Final Report. Timothy J. Ragen and Paul K. Dayton Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California, San Diego La Jolla, California 92093 September 1990 This study was funded in part by the Alaska Outer Continental Shelf Region of the Minerals Management Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C., under Purchase Order No. 12523. This report has been reviewed by the Minerals Management Service and has been approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the view and policies of the Service, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. AUTHORS AND RESPONSIBILITIES This report was written by Timothy J. Ragen, under the supervision of Paul K. Dayton. Dr. Ragen and George A. Antonelisr Jr., National Marine Mammal Laboratory, conducted the field portion of this study. ● Migration of northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursims) pups in the Bering Sea. Final Report. Table of Contents Introduction . 1 Methods . 8 Results . , . , . , . 11 Discussion . 17 Summary . 31 References . 33 MIG~TION OF NORTHERM FUR SEAL ( CALLORHINUS URSINUS) PUPS IN TEE BERING SEA INTRODUCTION The northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) is arguably the most extensively studied marine mammal in the world. -
Brucella Antibody Seroprevalence in Antarctic Seals (Arctocephalus Gazella, Leptonychotes Weddellii and Mirounga Leonina)
Vol. 105: 175–181, 2013 DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS Published September 3 doi: 10.3354/dao02633 Dis Aquat Org Brucella antibody seroprevalence in Antarctic seals (Arctocephalus gazella, Leptonychotes weddellii and Mirounga leonina) Silje-Kristin Jensen1,2,*, Ingebjørg Helena Nymo1, Jaume Forcada3, Ailsa Hall2, Jacques Godfroid1 1Section for Arctic Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Stakkevollveien 23, 9010 Tromsø, Norway; member of the Fram Centre - High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, 9296 Tromsø, Norway 2Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 8LB, UK 3British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK ABSTRACT: Brucellosis is a worldwide infectious zoonotic disease caused by Gram-negative bac- teria of the genus Brucella, and Brucella infections in marine mammals were first reported in 1994. A serosurvey investigating the presence of anti-Brucella antibodies in 3 Antarctic pinniped spe- cies was undertaken with a protein A/G indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) and the Rose Bengal test (RBT). Serum samples from 33 Weddell seals Leptonychotes weddelli were analysed, and antibodies were detected in 8 individuals (24.2%) with the iELISA and in 21 (65.6%) with the RBT. We tested 48 southern elephant seal Mirounga leonina sera and detected antibodies in 2 animals (4.7%) with both the iELISA and the RBT. None of the 21 Antarctic fur seals Arctocephalus gazella was found positive. This is the first report of anti-Brucella antibodies in southern elephant seals. The potential impact of Brucella infection in pinnipeds in Antarctica is not known, but Brucella spp. -
Historical Perspectives Nobuyuki Miyazaki (Born 4 August 1946)
Aquatic Mammals 2012, 38(2), 189-203, DOI 10.1578/AM.38.2.2012.189 Historical Perspectives Nobuyuki Miyazaki (born 4 August 1946) Nobuyuki Miyazaki began his career as a research associate at the University of Ryukyus, Japan, obtaining his Ph.D. in 1975 under Professor Nishiwaki. He established a Japanese research team focused on marine pollution and hazardous chemicals using marine mammals as an indica- tor species. Dr. Miyazaki organized the research project “Coastal Marine Environment” that was conducted by United Nations University, Ocean Research Institute of The University of Tokyo, and Iwate Prefecture. He worked as general coor- dinator of the Japanese Society for Promotion of Science’s Multilateral Core Univer sity Program “Coastal Marine Science” with other distinguished scientists from five Asian countries. In collabora- tion with Dr. Y. Naito, he developed an advanced Nobuyuki Miyazaki (Photo courtesy of John Anderson) data logger and camera logger, and he also estab- lished the “Bio-Logging Science” program at the University of Tokyo. Since 1990, he has conducted international ecological research of Lake Baikal in cooperation with colleagues from Russia, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Switzerland, and the United States. Dr. Miyazaki has published more than 270 English and 13 Japanese peer-reviewed papers, nine English and 51 Japanese books, and seven Eng lish and 109 Japanese reports. He also has given 316 presentations at national and inter- national conferences. 190 Miyazaki Seal Survey in Eurasian Waters in Collaboration with Russian Scientists Nobuyuki Miyazaki, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus, The University of Tokyo, Japan E-mail: [email protected] I. -
Petition to List the Iliamna Lake Seal, a Distinct Population Segment of Eastern North Pacific Harbor Seal (Phoca Vitulina Richardii), Under the U.S
Before the Secretary of Commerce Petition to List the Iliamna Lake Seal, a Distinct Population Segment of Eastern North Pacific Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina richardii), under the U.S. Endangered Species Act Photo Credit: NOAA Fisheries/Dave Withrow Center for Biological Diversity 6 February 2020 i Notice of Petition Wilbur Ross, Secretary of Commerce U.S. Department of Commerce 1401 Constitution Ave. NW Washington, D.C. 20230 Email: [email protected], [email protected] Dr. Neil Jacobs, Acting Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere U.S. Department of Commerce 1401 Constitution Ave. NW Washington, D.C. 20230 Email: [email protected] Petitioner: Kristin Carden, Oceans Program Scientist, on behalf of the Center for Biological Diversity 1212 Broadway #800 Oakland, CA 94612 Phone: 510.844.7100 x327 Email: [email protected] On November 19, 2012, the Center for Biological Diversity (Center, Petitioner) submitted to the Secretary of Commerce and the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) through the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) a petition to list the Iliamna Lake population of eastern North Pacific harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardii) as threatened or endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA). (See generally Center 2012.) On May 17, 2013, NMFS issued a positive 90- day finding “that the petition present[ed] substantial scientific or commercial information indicating that the petition action may be warranted” and initiated a status review. (78 Fed. Reg. 29,098 (May 17, 2013).). On November 17, 2016, NMFS issued a determination that listing was not warranted because “the seals in Iliamna Lake do not constitute a species, subspecies, or distinct population segment (DPS) under the ESA.” (81 Fed. -
Hunting and Social Behaviour of Leopard Seals (Hydrurga Leptonyx) at Seal Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Publications, Agencies and Staff of the U.S. Department of Commerce U.S. Department of Commerce 1999 Hunting and social behaviour of leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) at Seal Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica Lisa M. Hiruki National Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, [email protected] Michael K. Schwartz National Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Peter L. Boveng National Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdeptcommercepub Part of the Environmental Sciences Commons Hiruki, Lisa M.; Schwartz, Michael K.; and Boveng, Peter L., "Hunting and social behaviour of leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) at Seal Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica" (1999). Publications, Agencies and Staff of the U.S. Department of Commerce. 151. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdeptcommercepub/151 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the U.S. Department of Commerce at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Publications, Agencies and Staff of the U.S. Department of Commerce by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. J. Zool., Lond. (1999) 249, 97±109 # 1999 The Zoological Society of London Printed in the United Kingdom Hunting and social behaviour of leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) at Seal Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica Lisa M. Hiruki*, Michael K. Schwartz{ and Peter L. -
The Antarctic Ross Seal, and Convergences with Other Mammals
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Servicio de Difusión de la Creación Intelectual Evolutionary biology Sensory anatomy of the most aquatic of rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org carnivorans: the Antarctic Ross seal, and convergences with other mammals Research Cleopatra Mara Loza1, Ashley E. Latimer2,†, Marcelo R. Sa´nchez-Villagra2 and Alfredo A. Carlini1 Cite this article: Loza CM, Latimer AE, 1 Sa´nchez-Villagra MR, Carlini AA. 2017 Sensory Divisio´n Paleontologı´a de Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina. CONICET, La Plata, Argentina anatomy of the most aquatic of carnivorans: 2Pala¨ontologisches Institut und Museum der Universita¨tZu¨rich, Karl-Schmid Strasse 4, 8006 Zu¨rich, Switzerland the Antarctic Ross seal, and convergences with MRS-V, 0000-0001-7587-3648 other mammals. Biol. Lett. 13: 20170489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2017.0489 Transitions to and from aquatic life involve transformations in sensory sys- tems. The Ross seal, Ommatophoca rossii, offers the chance to investigate the cranio-sensory anatomy in the most aquatic of all seals. The use of non-invasive computed tomography on specimens of this rare animal Received: 1 August 2017 reveals, relative to other species of phocids, a reduction in the diameters Accepted: 12 September 2017 of the semicircular canals and the parafloccular volume. These features are independent of size effects. These transformations parallel those recorded in cetaceans, but these do not extend to other morphological features such as the reduction in eye muscles and the length of the neck, emphasizing the independence of some traits in convergent evolution to aquatic life.