Exploitation of Fur Seals and Sea Lions from Australian, New Zealand and Adjacent Subantarctic Islands During the Eighteenth, Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
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56. Otariidae and Phocidae
FAUNA of AUSTRALIA 56. OTARIIDAE AND PHOCIDAE JUDITH E. KING 1 Australian Sea-lion–Neophoca cinerea [G. Ross] Southern Elephant Seal–Mirounga leonina [G. Ross] Ross Seal, with pup–Ommatophoca rossii [J. Libke] Australian Sea-lion–Neophoca cinerea [G. Ross] Weddell Seal–Leptonychotes weddellii [P. Shaughnessy] New Zealand Fur-seal–Arctocephalus forsteri [G. Ross] Crab-eater Seal–Lobodon carcinophagus [P. Shaughnessy] 56. OTARIIDAE AND PHOCIDAE DEFINITION AND GENERAL DESCRIPTION Pinnipeds are aquatic carnivores. They differ from other mammals in their streamlined shape, reduction of pinnae and adaptation of both fore and hind feet to form flippers. In the skull, the orbits are enlarged, the lacrimal bones are absent or indistinct and there are never more than three upper and two lower incisors. The cheek teeth are nearly homodont and some conditions of the ear that are very distinctive (Repenning 1972). Both superfamilies of pinnipeds, Phocoidea and Otarioidea, are represented in Australian waters by a number of species (Table 56.1). The various superfamilies and families may be distinguished by important and/or easily observed characters (Table 56.2). King (1983b) provided more detailed lists and references. These and other differences between the above two groups are not regarded as being of great significance, especially as an undoubted fur seal (Australian Fur-seal Arctocephalus pusillus) is as big as some of the sea lions and has some characters of the skull, teeth and behaviour which are rather more like sea lions (Repenning, Peterson & Hubbs 1971; Warneke & Shaughnessy 1985). The Phocoidea includes the single Family Phocidae – the ‘true seals’, distinguished from the Otariidae by the absence of a pinna and by the position of the hind flippers (Fig. -
Hunting and Social Behaviour of Leopard Seals (Hydrurga Leptonyx) at Seal Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Publications, Agencies and Staff of the U.S. Department of Commerce U.S. Department of Commerce 1999 Hunting and social behaviour of leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) at Seal Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica Lisa M. Hiruki National Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, [email protected] Michael K. Schwartz National Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Peter L. Boveng National Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdeptcommercepub Part of the Environmental Sciences Commons Hiruki, Lisa M.; Schwartz, Michael K.; and Boveng, Peter L., "Hunting and social behaviour of leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) at Seal Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica" (1999). Publications, Agencies and Staff of the U.S. Department of Commerce. 151. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdeptcommercepub/151 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the U.S. Department of Commerce at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Publications, Agencies and Staff of the U.S. Department of Commerce by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. J. Zool., Lond. (1999) 249, 97±109 # 1999 The Zoological Society of London Printed in the United Kingdom Hunting and social behaviour of leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) at Seal Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica Lisa M. Hiruki*, Michael K. Schwartz{ and Peter L. -
Global Patterns in Marine Mammal Distributions
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION I. TAXONOMIC DECISIONS In this work we followed Wilson and Reeder (2005) and Reeves, Stewart, and Clapham’s (2002) taxonomy. In the last 20 years several new species have been described such as Mesoplodon perrini (Dalebout 2002), Orcaella heinsohni (Beasley 2005), and the recognition of several species have been proposed for orcas (Perrin 1982, Pitman et al. 2007), Bryde's whales (Kanda et al. 2007), Blue whales (Garrigue et al. 2003, Ichihara 1996), Tucuxi dolphin (Cunha et al. 2005, Caballero et al. 2008), and other marine mammals. Since we used the conservation status of all species following IUCN (2011), this work is based on species recognized by this IUCN to keep a standardized baseline. II. SPECIES LIST List of the species included in this paper, indicating their conservation status according to IUCN (2010.4) and its range area. Order Family Species IUCN 2010 Freshwater Range area km2 Enhydra lutris EN A2abe 1,084,750,000,000 Mustelidae Lontra felina EN A3cd 996,197,000,000 Odobenidae Odobenus rosmarus DD 5,367,060,000,000 Arctocephalus australis LC 1,674,290,000,000 Arctocephalus forsteri LC 1,823,240,000,000 Arctocephalus galapagoensis EN A2a 167,512,000,000 Arctocephalus gazella LC 39,155,300,000,000 Arctocephalus philippii NT 163,932,000,000 Arctocephalus pusillus LC 1,705,430,000,000 Arctocephalus townsendi NT 1,045,950,000,000 Carnivora Otariidae Arctocephalus tropicalis LC 39,249,100,000,000 Callorhinus ursinus VU A2b 12,935,900,000,000 Eumetopias jubatus EN A2a 3,051,310,000,000 Neophoca cinerea -
Marine Mammal Taxonomy
Marine Mammal Taxonomy Kingdom: Animalia (Animals) Phylum: Chordata (Animals with notochords) Subphylum: Vertebrata (Vertebrates) Class: Mammalia (Mammals) Order: Cetacea (Cetaceans) Suborder: Mysticeti (Baleen Whales) Family: Balaenidae (Right Whales) Balaena mysticetus Bowhead whale Eubalaena australis Southern right whale Eubalaena glacialis North Atlantic right whale Eubalaena japonica North Pacific right whale Family: Neobalaenidae (Pygmy Right Whale) Caperea marginata Pygmy right whale Family: Eschrichtiidae (Grey Whale) Eschrichtius robustus Grey whale Family: Balaenopteridae (Rorquals) Balaenoptera acutorostrata Minke whale Balaenoptera bonaerensis Arctic Minke whale Balaenoptera borealis Sei whale Balaenoptera edeni Byrde’s whale Balaenoptera musculus Blue whale Balaenoptera physalus Fin whale Megaptera novaeangliae Humpback whale Order: Cetacea (Cetaceans) Suborder: Odontoceti (Toothed Whales) Family: Physeteridae (Sperm Whale) Physeter macrocephalus Sperm whale Family: Kogiidae (Pygmy and Dwarf Sperm Whales) Kogia breviceps Pygmy sperm whale Kogia sima Dwarf sperm whale DOLPHIN R ESEARCH C ENTER , 58901 Overseas Hwy, Grassy Key, FL 33050 (305) 289 -1121 www.dolphins.org Family: Platanistidae (South Asian River Dolphin) Platanista gangetica gangetica South Asian river dolphin (also known as Ganges and Indus river dolphins) Family: Iniidae (Amazon River Dolphin) Inia geoffrensis Amazon river dolphin (boto) Family: Lipotidae (Chinese River Dolphin) Lipotes vexillifer Chinese river dolphin (baiji) Family: Pontoporiidae (Franciscana) -
THE PINNIPEDS of the CALIFORNIA CURRENT California
ANTONELIS AND FISCUS: PINNIPEDS OF THE CALIFORNIA CURRENT CalCOFI Rep., Vol. XXI, 1980 THE PINNIPEDS OF THE CALIFORNIA CURRENT GEORGE A. ANTONELIS. JR. AND CLIFFORD H. FISCUS Marine Mammal Division Northwest and Alaska Fisheries Center National Marine Fisheries Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 7600 Sand Point Way, N.E. Seattle, WA 981 15 ABSTRACT 10s pequenos peces en 10s cardumenes y peces ana- There are six species of pinnipeds-California sea dromos. Los dos focidos, otra vez con ciertas excep- lion, Zalophus californianus; northern sea lion, Eume- ciones, predan especies diferentes. Aparentemente, el topias jubatus; northern fur seal, Callorhinus ursinus; elefante marino se alimenta en aguas mas profundas que Guadalupe fur seal, Arctocephalus townsendi; harbor la foca peluda, alimentindose de especies demersales seal, Phoca uitulina richardsi; and northern elephant y benticas, y la foca peluda se alimenta de especiesdemer- seal, Mirounga angustirostris-that inhabit the study sales costeras y neriticas, entrando ocasionalmente en rios area of the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries y aguas estuarinas haciendopresa de 10s peces anadromos Investigations (CalCOFI). y otros pequeiios peces que entran regularmente en estas The numbers of animals in each population are given; aguas. the size, distribution, and seasonal movements are de- scribed. The known prey species of the pinnipeds are INTRODUCTION listed for each species. The otariids, with certain excep- The California Current, its components, and the Cali- tions, consume the same kinds of prey, although in slight- fornia Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations ly different amounts. In general they feed most commonly (CalCOFI) station plan have been described many times on the smaller schooling fishes and squids of the epi- in the past and are well known (Kramer et al. -
Issues Paper for the Australian Sea Lion(Neophoca Cinerea)
Issues Paper for the Australian Sea Lion (Neophoca cinerea) 2013 The recovery plan linked to this issues paper is obtainable from: www.environment.gov.au/coasts/species/seals/index.html © Commonwealth of Australia 2013 This work is copyright. You may download, display, print and reproduce this material in unaltered form only (retaining this notice) for your personal, non-commercial use or use within your organisation. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, all other rights are reserved. Requests and enquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, Public Affairs, GPO Box 787 Canberra ACT 2601 or email [email protected]. Disclaimer While reasonable efforts have been made to ensure that the contents of this publication are factually correct, the Commonwealth does not accept responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the contents, and shall not be liable for any loss or damage that may be occasioned directly or indirectly through the use of, or reliance on, the contents of this publication. Images credits Front cover left to right: entangled Australian sea lion, close up image of Australian sea lion, colony of Australian sea lions, Australian sea lion on the water’s surface – Derek Hamer, Australian sea lion underwater – David Muirhead Back cover left to right: Australian sea lion on a rocky shore, close up image of Australian sea lion, Australian sea lion on the water’s surface – Derek Hamer 2 | -
Monk Seal Action Plan English Version 2005
Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals Secretariat provided by the United Nations Environment Programme THIRTEENTH MEETING OF THE CMS SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL Nairobi, Kenya, 16-18 November 2005 CMS/ScC.13/Inf.3 ACTION PLAN FOR THE RECOVERY OF THE MEDITERRANEAN MONK SEAL IN THE EASTERN ATLANTIC Under this cover is reproduced the Action Plan for the Recovery of the Mediterranean Monk Seal in the Eastern Atlantic, elaborated within the Concerted Action for the species. The document is reproduced as received from the Government of Spain, lead country in the development of the Concerted Action, without editing. 2 ACTIOON PPLAANN FOORR TTHHEE RREECOVERRYY OOFF THE MMEDDIITTEERRRAANEEAN MOONNKK SSEAALL IIN TTHHEE EEASSTERRNN ATLAANNTIC CONVENTION O N THE CONSERVATION OF MIGRATORY SPECIES OF WILD ANIMALS (BONN CONVENTION) 1 ACTION PLAN FOR THE RECOVERY OF THE MEDITERRANEAN MONK SEAL (Monachus monachus ) IN THE EASTERN ATLANTIC Prepared by the WORKING GROUP OF THE MEDITERRAEAN MONK SEAL IN THE EASTERN ATLANTIC For the CONVENTION ON THE CONSERVATION OF MIGRATORY SPECIES OF WILD ANIMALS (BONN CONVENTION) 2005 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY .....................................................................................................................................................4 MEMBERS OF THE ATLANTIC MONK SEAL WORKING GROUP...............................................5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..........................................................................................................................6 LIST -
Downloaded, Recharged, and Re-Deployed Every Two Weeks to Ensure a Continuous Record of Kekoa’S Vocal Behavior
UC Santa Cruz UC Santa Cruz Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Underwater Vocal Repertoire of the Endangered Hawaiian Monk Seal, Neomonachus Schauinslandi Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6805r8mr Author Parnell, Kirby Publication Date 2018 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ UNDERWATER VOCAL REPERTOIRE OF THE ENDANGERED HAWAIIAN MONK SEAL, NEOMONACHUS SCHAUINSLANDI A thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in OCEAN SCIENCES by KIRBY PARNELL June 2018 The Thesis of Kirby Parnell is approved: _______________________________ Dr. Colleen Reichmuth, Chair _______________________________ Dr. Terrie M. Williams _______________________________ Dr. Carl Lamborg _______________________________ Tyrus Miller Vice Provost and Dean of Graduate Studies Table of Contents List of Tables and Figures............................................................................................ iv Abstract ........................................................................................................................ vi Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................... vii Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1 Methods........................................................................................................................ -
Fur Seals and Sea Lions (Otariidae): Identification of Species and Taxonomic Review
Systematics and Biodiversity 1 (3): 339–439 Issued 16 February 2004 DOI: 10.1017/S147720000300121X Printed in the United Kingdom C The Natural History Museum Fur seals and sea lions (Otariidae): identification of species and taxonomic review Sylvia Brunner Australian Marine Mammal Research Centre, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, GPO Box 284, Canberra City, ACT 2601, Australia ∗ University of Alaska Museum, 907 Yukon Drive, Fairbanks AK 99775, United States submitted December 2002 accepted May 2003 Contents Abstract 340 Introduction 340 Materials and methods 343 Results 344 Description of species: sea lions Steller sea lion – Eumetopias jubatus 345 Southern sea lion – Otaria byronia 352 Australian sea lion – Neophoca cinerea 354 Hooker’s sea lion – Phocarctos hookeri 354 California sea lion – Zalophus californianus californianus 357 Galapagos sea lion – Zalophus californianus wollebaeki 357 Japanese sea lion – Zalophus californianus japonicus 360 Description of species: fur seals Northern fur seal – Callorhinus ursinus 360 Antarctic fur seal – Arctocephalus gazella 363 Subantarctic fur seal – Arctocephalus tropicalis 363 New Zealand fur seal – Arctocephalus forsteri 366 South African fur seal – Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus 366 Australian fur seal – Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus 368 Guadalupe fur seal – Arctocephalus townsendi 370 Galapagos fur seal – Arctocephalus galapagoensis 370 South American fur seal – Arctocephalus australis 371 Juan Fernandez fur seal – Arctocephalus philippii 374 A comparison of subspecies Arctocephalus pusillus 374 Zalophus californianus 374 Arctocephalus australis 375 The Otariidae 377 Discussion 378 References 384 Appendices I Summary details of specimens 386 II Univariate statistics for male and female otariids 405 ∗Correspondence address 339 340 Sylvia Brunner Abstract The standard anatomical descriptions given to identify species of the family Otariidae (fur seals and sea lions), particularly those for the genus Arctocephalus, have been largely inconclusive. -
Zalophus Californianus, Arctocephalus
Electronic Supplementary Materials Distribution of Four Pinnipeds (Zalophus californianus, Arctocephalus philippii townsendi, Phoca vitulina richardii, Mirounga angustirostris) on Islands off the West Coast of the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico Alejandro Arias-Del Razo, Yolanda Schramm, Gisela Heckel, Ángeles Milanés-Salinas, Bertha García-Capitanachi, Denise Lubinsky, and Mónica Franco-Ortiz 2 Arias-Del Razo et al. ESM Figure 1. Distribution of the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) on the Coronado Islands; the abundance of adult individuals is represented by the size of the circles for the winter and crosses for the summer. Distribution of Four Pinnipeds off the West Coast of the Baja California Peninsula 3 ESM Figure 2. Distribution of the California sea lion on the Todos Santos Islands; the abundance of adult individuals is represented by the size of the circles for the winter and crosses for the summer. 4 Arias-Del Razo et al. ESM Figure 3. Distribution of the California sea lion on the Punta Banda Rocks; the abundance of adult individuals is represented by the size of the circles for the winter and crosses for the summer. Distribution of Four Pinnipeds off the West Coast of the Baja California Peninsula 5 ESM Figure 4. Distribution of the California sea lion on San Martín Island; the abundance of adult individuals is represented by the size of the circles for the winter and crosses for the summer. 6 Arias-Del Razo et al. ESM Figure 5. Distribution of the California sea lion on San Jerónimo Island; the abundance of adult individuals is represented by the size of the circles for the winter and crosses for the summer. -
A Trans-Holocene Archaeological Record of Guadalupe Fur Seals (Arctocephalus Townsendi) on the California Coast
MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE, 25(2): 487–502 (April 2009) No claim to original US government works DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2008.00273.x A trans-Holocene archaeological record of Guadalupe fur seals (Arctocephalus townsendi) on the California coast TORBEN C. RICK Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013-7012, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected] ROBERT L. DELONG National Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NOAA, Bldg. 4, 7600 Sand Point Way N.E., Seattle, Washington 98115, U.S.A. JON M. ERLANDSON Department of Anthropology, and Museum of Natural and Cultural History, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1218, U.S.A. TODD J. BRAJE Department of Anthropology, Humboldt State University, Arcata, California 95521, U.S.A. TERRY L. JONES Social Sciences Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, U.S.A. DOUGLAS J. KENNETT Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1218, U.S.A. THOMAS A. WAKE Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1510, U.S.A. PHILLIP L. WALKER Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbra, California 93106-3210, U.S.A. 487 488 MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE, VOL. 25, NO. 2, 2009 Guadalupe fur seals (Arctocephalus townsendi) were decimated by 19th century com- mercial sealers in the northeastern Pacific and thought to be extinct until 1928 when commercial fishermen caught two adult males at Isla de Guadalupe from a group of up to 60 adults and pups (Wedgeforth 1928, Huey 1930). These two animals were brought to the San Diego Zoo, prompting several zoological expeditions to Isla de Guadalupe in the 1930s and 1940s, but none successfully located Guadalupe fur seals. -
Mixed-Species Exhibits with Seals and Walrus
MIXED-SPECIES EXHIBITS WITH CARNIVORANS VI. Mixed-species exhibits with Eared Seals (Otariidae), Walrus (Odobenidae) and Earless Seals (Phocidae) Written by KRISZTIÁN SVÁBIK Assistant Curator, Budapest Zoo and Botanical Garden, Hungary Email: [email protected] 13th November 2018 Refreshed: 6th June 2020 Cover photo © Krisztián Svábik Mixed-species exhibits with Eared Seals (Otariidae), Walrus (Odobenidae) and Earless Seals (Phocidae) 1 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 4 „Temporary” combinations ..................................................................................... 5 LIST OF SPECIES COMBINATIONS – OTARIIDAE .................................................... 8 California Sea Lion, Zalophus californianus .......................................................... 9 South American Sea Lion, Otaria byronia ............................................................10 Australian Sea Lion, Neophoca cinerea ................................................................ 11 Steller Sea Lion, Eumetopias jubatus .................................................................... 12 Northern Fur Seal, Callorhinus ursinus ................................................................ 13 South American Fur Seal, Arctocephalus australis .............................................. 14 Afro-Australian Fur Seal, Arctocephalus pusillus ................................................. 15 New Zealand Fur Seal, Arctocephalus forsteri