Power Heraldry

by Frank R. Power

Comments and questions are welcome. [email protected]

Heraldry is the study of coats of arms that are inherited symbols, or devices, called charges, displayed on a shield, or escutcheon, for the purpose of identifying individuals or families. It involves the art of devising, granting, and blazoning arms, tracing genealogies, and determining and ruling on questions of rank or protocol.

Heraldry and genealogy have a long, collaborative relationship. Heraldry requires a knowledge of genealogy and heraldry has often been used as evidence to support genealogical conclusions. The basic role of both heraldry and genealogy is to identify and place individuals within the context of their families and if done well, within the wider historical context in which they lived. Heraldry can provide excellent clues and pointers to ancestry.

The following tabulation of Power and related names, coats of arms, geographical locations, blazons (text descriptions), crests and mottoes, source references and notes along with the attached geographic distribution map are intended as a starting point for the use of heraldry in fleshing out our Power family history.

For further information:

Intro to Heraldry - A Primer for Genealogists: Heraldry, History & Inheritance By Kimberly Powell, About.com Guide http://genealogy.about.com/cs/heraldry/a/heraldry.htm

RootsWeb's Guide to Tracing Family Trees Guide No. 19 Heraldry for Genealogists http://rwguide.rootsweb.ancestry.com/lesson19.htm

Using Heraldry in Genealogical Research http://watsoncanet.webcon.net.au/blog/2010/10/20/using-heraldry-in-genealogical-research/

Articles from several sources which are directly or indirectly related to heraldry in Ireland. http://www.heraldry.ws/

Power Heraldry

Name Arms Location Blazon Crest/Motto Source Notes Power Ireland Argent a chief Papworth p555 ARSNICK. ARSYOKE. Sir Roger BALDWYN or Poer Poore indented sable Boutell's 1970 BAUDWYN, L. BAMENT. Adam de BAVENT, A, And others Plate III no. 8 Harl. MS. 6137. BAVENT, V. Sire Roger de Dering Roll 121 BAVENT, N. Monsire Roger BAVENT, Y. Sir John c1270 HARSECK or HARSICK, 1384, quartering Calthorp and Gestingthorp; in church at South Acre, Norfolk; Gough, i, 140. HARSICK, Norfolk. HILICKE. HILLICK or НILLOCK. HILLOCK. LA POER, Ireland. LE POER, Curraghmore, со. Waterford. DE A 12th century LA РОЕR, Baronies 1375, 1452, 1535, sculpture from Viscount Decies and Earl of Tyrone I673, extinct Jerpoint Abbey in 1704; the heiress m. Beresford. POORE, Ireland. County Kilkenny Dominas de POWER, Ireland, V. POWER, со. supposedly Oxford. And with a crescent arg. on a crescent gu. for depicts a knight diff. Baron POER of the Butler family, but in the Boutell's 1970 Power {Baron Power, of Curraghmore, and Earl of absence of colors Plate III no. 8 Tyrone: barony dormant, earldom extinct 1704; Sir on the shield, it RICHARD POWER, of Curraghmore, was created could as easily be BGA Baron Power, of Curraghmore, by patent, 13 Sept. a Poer 1535, with remainder to the heirs male of his body; his descendant, RICHARD, sixth lord Power was created, 1673, Earl of Tyrant; JAMES, third Earl, d. s.p. m. 1704, when the earldom became extinct, and the barony reverted to the male heir of the body of the grantee, who was then Col. JOHN POWER of James II.'s army, attainted after the battle of the Boyne; his only son, HENRY POWER, called Lord Power, petitioned for the Curraghmore estates In 1717, and d s.p. 1742; EDMOND POWER, or De LA POER, of A, stag's head Gurteen, now Gurteen La Poer, Count De la Poer, cabossed ppr. claims to be the heir male of the body of RICHARD attired or, betw. LE POER, the patentee in 1635). Same Arms. the attires a Supporters —Two angels ppr. rested ar. crined and crucifix ppr. winged or, each holding in the exterior hand a sword also ppr. pommels and hilts gold.

Power (Corheen, co. Galway; descended from Kilbolane, the representative, DAVID POWER, Esq., of Corheen, co. Galway, d. 168ft, left an only dau. and heiress, FRANCES POWER, m. RICHARD TRENCH, Esq., of Garbally, and had a son,

WILLIAM POWER KEATING TRENCH, first Earl of Clancarty. Arms confirmed by Fortescue, Ulster, to DAVID POWER, Esq., of Corheen, co. Galway).

Power (Clashmore, co. Waterford; Richard Power, Esq., the male representative of this line, m. Dorothea, sister of Robert Shapland, first Lord Corns, and left an only dau. and heiress, Elizabeth Anne Power, m, 1835, Francis Theophilus Henry, twelfth Earl of

A buck's head Huntingdon, and d. 1857). Same Arms and Crest.

cabossed ar.

attired or, betw. Power (Gardenmorres, co. Waterford; Elizabeth the attires a Power, dau. and heir of Richard Power, Esq., of Gardenmorres, m. John O'shee, Esq., of Sheestown, and was grandmother of Nicholas Power O'shee, Esq., now of Gardenmorres and Sheestown). Same Arms.

Poer (de la) D'argent, au chef Armorial de J.B. denché de sable RIETSTAP

crucifix ppr.

Power, Le Suffolk Argent a chief Papworth p555 BANNETT, Suffolk. Sir Roger BAUDWYN, L. Poer Ireland dancetty sable Adame BEVENT, A. НILIСКЕ. LE POER. POWER, And Others Ireland..

Power Norfolk Or a chief indented Papworth p559 ARSYCKE. HARSACK or HARSECK, Norfolk. And others Ireland sable John de HARSICK, Y. Le, Sire du HARSIKE, Y. Sire Devon Roger HARSIKE, V. HERSETT, Norfolk. POWER, Ireland. SKERETT, со. Devon.

Power of Waterford Argent on a chief Papworth p566 POORE or POWER, Baron of Dunoyle, 1327 Dunoyle indented sable three lions rampant, of the BGA Power (Baron of Donhill, co. Waterford. A.D. 1278). first

POWER, Waterford Argent a chief Robson Earl of Tyrone, [Earl of indented sable ; over Papworth p237 HarL MS. 4040, fo. 123 ; Viscount Decies and Earl of Tyrone] all, on a bend azure Tyrone 9 October 1673; extinct 10 August 1704. three escallops or

Poer Powershayes, Per pale wavy or and BGA ROGER POWER, Esq., of Powershayes, temp. Henry Power Devon azure IV., bad an only dau. and heir. CICELY POWER, m. DUKE, of co. Devon; the descendant of this marriage, Sir HENRY DUES, of Castle Jordan, co. Heath, was knighted by Sir William Fits-William, Lord Deputy of Ireland, 1688).

Robert le Poer Azure Dering Roll c1270

Robert le Poer Kent and Sussex Azure three boar's Dering Roll 117 heads couped or c1270

The Heralds' Roll c1280

Richard le Gules a fess and in St George's Roll Poer chief two mullets c1285 argent Charles' Roll c1285

William le Gules a fess and in Collins' Roll Poer chief two mullets dated 1296 ( William argent Pouuer)

Poer of Argent a chief Power (Gurteen La Poer, co. Waterford; FRANCES, Gurteen indented sable, a widow of JOHN POWER, Esq., of Gurteen, and mullet for difference mother of EDMOND POWER, Esq., of Gurteen La Poer, Count De la Poer, was authorised, for herself and her issue, by royal license, 1863, to take the name of De La POER, instead of POWER, Count De la Poer is the male heir and representative of JOHN POWER FITZ-EDMOND, Esq., of Grange, co. Galway, who became "nearest heir male" of HENRY POWER, called Lord Power, the heir male of the third and last Earl of Tyrone). Same Arms and Crest, a mullet for diff. Motto—' Per crucem ad coronam. Poher Bredon Gules a fess or two Heraldry of POHER, of Wichenford. This family, we are informed Witchenford mullets argent in Worcestershire - by Nash, came in with the Conqueror. Hugh le Poher Worcester, also chief Page 446 was Deputy-Sheriff of this county in the 16th of Pirton, Worcester by Henry Sydney Henry II. ; Grazebrook - Walter le Poher in the 9th, 10th, and 11th of John ; 1873 and Hugh le Poher in the 8th, 14th, 15th, 19th, and 2Oth of Henry III. John le Poher held a moiety of the manor of Wichenford in the reigns of Edward III. and Richard II. He inherited from the Chamberlains, they from John de Haseleigh, and he from David St. Michael

Poher St Peter, Or a fess gules two 'Parishes: St Peter Worcester mullets gules in chief with Whittington', A History of the Or a fesse gules with County of two molets gules in Worcester the chief.

Poher Wichenford, co. Gules a fess or two BGA Poher; in the 43rd of Edward III. JOHN LE POHER is Worcester mullets or in chief Parishes: styled Lord of the Manor of Wichenford; the heiress Wichenford', A of the family, MARGARET, only child of JOHN History of the POHER, Esq., of Wichenford, m. JOHN Poer. Gules a fesse or County of WASHBOURNE, of Washbourne, now represented with two molets or in Worcester by MONEY, of cos. Hereford and Wilts). the chief.

Power (Pоre), Wichenford, Gules a fess argent Henry Sydney WASHBORNE, of Washborne, Wickenford, and Richard de Worcestershire two mullets argent in Grazebrook Stanford.—This ancient knightly family was seated at Poher chief Heraldry of Little Washborne, in Overbury, before the reign of Worcestershire - Edward III. Roger de Washborne, living about the Page 446 reign of Edward III., had two sons, both named John. (1873) The elder married Katherine Tromwyn, but by her, who married, secondly, Sir John Musard, knt., he had no issue. He was succeeded by his grand-nephew,

John Washborne, of Washborne and Stanford, the son of Peter Washborne, who was the son of John, the younger son of Roger de Washborne. John Washborne was twice married: by his first wife, Joan, daughter and heiress of Sir John Musard (by Katherine, his wife, widow of the aforesaid John Washborne the elder), he had issue an only child, Isolda,* who was married to John Salwey, and carried with her the Stanford estates. His second wife was Margaret, the daughter and co-heiress of John Poher, lord of Wichenford, by whom he was father of Norman Washborne, who, says Nash, after various law suits with the Salweys, retired to his mother's estate at Wichenford, where the family continued for six generations, intermarrying with the Kynastons, Myttons, Staples, Tracys, Savages, Lygons, &c. The family appeared at the two Visitations of 1569 and 1634. Their pedigree in the latter Visitation was entered and attested by John Clent, of Knightwick, on behalf of his stepson, John Washborne, of Wichenford, then aged about fifteen years, and who was "cosen and heir of John,* his great grandfather."

Mr. Clent had married Lettice, tide Littleton, the widow of William Washborne, who died before 1634, in the lifetime of his grandfather, and had left issue two infant children, the said John and a daughter, Mary. The direct male line of the Washbornes of Wichenford expired in the person of William Washborne, who sold Wichenford in 1712 to Mr. Skynner, and afterwards resided at Pytchley, in Northamptonshire. By his wife, Hester, daughter and co-heiress of Sir John Ernie, knt, he had issue a daughter and heiress named Elizabeth, who was married in 1723 to Francis Money, and was ancestress of the family of Money-Kyrle, of Much Marcle, co. Hereford.—Argent, on a fesse between six martlets gules, three quatrefoils of the field; quartering Ermine, a chief bendy sinister of six or and sable, for D'Abitot; and Gules, a fesse or in chief two mullets argent, for Poher. Crest: On a wreath, a bundle of flax argent surmounted by another wreath argent and gules thereon flames of fire proper. (D. 12, Coll. Arm., fo. 24, and C. 30, fo. 39; Harl. MS. 1566; Penn MS.; and Win. MS.)

Foster p201 (H. III Roll) (F.) Arden and St George Rolls.

A survey of Worcestershire, POHER. Brought in by the marriage of James Volume 2 Habington with Agnes le Poher. Habington says it is By Thomas the coat of Poher of Wichenford. Nash1 says this is Habington pviii the coat of Bracy, possibly through Bracy impaling it in Worcester Cathedral

Armes in the body of Worcester's Minster fourthe Ibid p428 northe windowe of the North Ile, in the fyrst pane is Gules, a fesse and towe mollets in cheyfe Argent; Poher Richard Gules a fess or in Foster's Shields Power chief two mullets 546 argent Arden Roll

Poer Berkshire Gules a fess or in David Nash chief two mullets Ford's Royal argent Berkshire History http://www.berks hirehistory.com/g enealogy/index.ht ml

Bredon, 'Parishes: Bredon', Worcester A History of the County of Worcester: volume 3 (1913), pp. 279-292. URL: http://www.british history.ac.uk/repo rt.aspx?compid=4 3123&strquery=P oer Date accessed: 06 May 2011 Poher Eversham, Gules, a fesse and Ibid p 77 The Church of All Saints in Evesham. In Derby Bracy Worcestershire two mollets of six chappell on the north side of the church are in three points in chief Or places in the North window In the last, Poher.

Gu. a fess arg. in BRACY. POHER or POER. POWER, co. Worcester chief two mullets Worcester.Gu. a fess arg. in chief two mullets with six with six points or Papworth p716 points or. BRACY. William de Braci, A. Robert do

Gu. a fess arg. in BRACI, A. William de BRACI, F chief two mullets of six or a label of four nz.

Power Stanton Wiltshire Per pale gules and BGA azure on a chief argent three mullets Visitation of William Power of Stanton in co. Wiltsheire. sable Dorsetshire, 1623 p103

Power Aston Ingham, Gules on a chief Herefordshire argent three mullets sable

gules, on a chief Foster p201 a Suffolk Knight—(H.VI Roll); Arundel Roll. argent three mullets piereed sable

Buckingham Gules on a chief Confirmation of argent three mullets Arms to John sable, an annulet or Power of the for difference County of Buckingham, Gentleman, 1478 (see )

Power Bersham, co. Gules on a chief A demi stag BGA Power (Viscount Valentia, extinct 1642; Sir HENRY Denbigh argent three mullets salient sa. attired POWER, Knt., of Bersham, co. Denbigh, Knight sable, a crescent or and unguled or Mareschal of Ireland, and Constable of the Castle of for difference Motto—Angelis Maryborough, was so created 1620, and d. s. p.). suis precipiet de Supporters—Two angels ppr. vested ar. winged and te. girdle round the waist or, from the latter a short petticoat az. under petticoat sa. each holding in the exterior hand a sword also ppr. pommel and hilt gold.

The history of the Illustration and pedigree Powys Fadog princes, the lords marcher, and the ancient nobility of Powys Fadog, and the ancient lords of Arwystli, Cedewen and Meirionydd, Lloyd, Jacob Youde William, Richards 1882 p25

Power formerly of Aston Gu., a sword in bend Issuant from a BGA granted by Betham, Ulster, to Major-Gen. Sir Ingham and Hill sinister proper hilted mural crown or, a MANLEY POWER, K.C.B., grandson of THOMAS Court, and pommelled or, stag's head sa. Copy of POWER, Esq., some time Captain of the Battle Axe Herefordshire point elevated and gorged with a confirmation of Guards) blade encompassed laurel wreath and arms to Major with a laurel wreath attired gold Gen. Sir Manley of the last, on a chief Motto—AngeHs Power K.C.B.,

argent, between two suis pneciplet de grandson of mullets Sable, pierced to. Thomas Power, of the field, in the Captain in the centre chief point, Battle Axe pendent from a riband Guards, Nov. 1, gules, fimbriated 1817. Azure, a Dublin: National representation of the Library of Ireland, golden cross and Genealogical clasp presented to Sir Office: Ms.106,

Manley Power for p.105 Salamanca, Vittoria, etc Poor Darrington Argent a fess azure A tower sa. BGA Poore (Rushall, co. Wilts, bart.). Poore Wiltshire between three mullets masoned ar. Bishop Richard Poore's Coat of Arms still hangs at gules Salisbury Cathedral dating to 1225. Rushall, co. Wilts Col. Robert Montague Poore, CIE, DSO. Col. 7th Hussars, later Brig-Gen. Served in Matabeleland and Mashonaland Campaigns in 1896 & 1897. A cousin of Sir Herbert Edward Poore, 6th Baronet. Born 20/3/1866, married, 29/9/1898 Lady Flora Maria Ida Douglas-Hamilton, youngest sister of the 13th Duke of Hamilton & Brandon. Died 14/7/1938.

Crest—A cubit Poor, Darrington, со. Wilts. Poore, Rushall, со.Wilts; arm erect, vested Baronetcy 1705. Herbert le Poor, Bishop of Salisbury, sa. slashed ar. 1194-1217. Richard Poore, Bishop of Chichester, cuffed erm. 1215-17, afterwards of Salisbury. Power, V charged with two Papworth mullets in fess or, grasping in the hand an arrow Poore de D'argent, à la fasce ppr. Motto— Armorial de J.B. Rushall d'azur, acc. de trois Pauper non in spe. RIETSTAP étoiles de gueules.

Poore. Newbury, Mass Argent, a fesse azure Crest—A tower Crozier, James Poore, Newbury, 1635. Massachusetts between three mullets sable masoned Matthews, (Wiltshire.)

gules. argent. Vermont Motto—Pauper non in spe.

Power Cornwall

Poher Bletchington, Argent, two bars Granted 8 June Oxford nebuly sable, a bend 1601 or. The Visitations of the County of Oxford

Parker p38 Surrey Papworth p. 16

Bletchington, Quarterly: 1st and 4th Grant of Arms to Oxford grand quarters, Francis Power of quarterly, 1st and 4th Bletchington, co. Power of Oxford, 1601 Bletchington; 2nd and 3rd , Power or De la Miscellanea For pedigrees of this family see “The Visitations of Poer of Ireland; 2nd Genealogica et the County of Oxford,” printed by the Harleian grand quarter, Heraldica VOL. Society, pp. 209—211

D'Amory of III SERIES IV. It seems clear that the arms granted by Camden ín Bletchington; 3rd p.241 1601 to Francis Power were founded on those of grand quarter D’Amory. Whether the Irish coat was included on Cottesford, which account of a descent from that ancient stock or merely was brought in by to do duty as “Power ancient,” does not appear. D'Amory

Poore Oxford Argent three bars BGA Power nebuly sable over all a bend or

Power Rosskeen, Cork Argent on a chief A buck's head The estate came into the Power family in 1705 as a indented sable three cabossed ar. marriage portion to Mary, daughter of Cornelius escallops of the first attired or, betw. O'Callaghan, of Dromauneen and Banker on her the attires or, a marriage with Francis Power crucifix ppr Motto— Per BGA Power (Rosskeen, co. Cork; descended through crucem ad POWER, of Carrialyne and Kilbolane, from POWER, coronam of Kilmeadon

Power Argent three lions Papworth p.173 rampant gules on a chief azure as many escallops of the first

Power Ermine three lions Papworth p. 173 rampant gules on a chief sable as many escallops argent each charged with a cross of the second

Power Coreen, со. Argent a bend Papworth p200 Galway engrailed gules on a chief of the second Redmond Colonel Milo Power of Carrigphilip ob. 1677 three escallops of the field Power (Kilmeadon, co. Waterford; descended from Kilmeadon, co. BGA POWER, of Donhill; Fun. Ent. Ulster's Office, 1677, Waterford Colonel MILES, or MILO POWER, grandson of A Buck's Head JOHN POWER Esq., of Kilmeadon, temp. Queen Cabossed Arg., Elizabeth). Attired Or, And Between The Attires A Crucifix Ppr. Per crucem ad coronam Through the cross to the crown

Power of Thomastown, arg-a bend engr. gu. Papworth p223 POWER, Kilfane; Baronetcy 15 July 1836 Kilfane Kilkenny betw. two fox's (another wolfs) heads Power (Kilfane, co. Kilkenny, bart.). erased ppr. on a chief BGA of the second three escallops of the field

A stag's head Power de D'argent, à la bande erased ppr. Armorial de J.B. Kilfane engrêlée de gueules, Motto: “Pro patria RIETSTAP acc. de deux têtes de semper.” renard au naturel, au chef du second, ch. de trois coquilles du champ.

Power of Edermine, Per saltire or and arg. A buck's head Papworth p. 174 Roebuck House, со. Dublin ; Sampton and Edemine, Edermine Wexford three lions ramp. az. caboshed Parker p8 со. Wexford Baronetcy Aug. 1841 armed and langued quarterly gu. and gu. in the chief centre or, betw. the Power (Edermine, co. Wexford, bart; granted by section an open horns counter- BGA Betham, Ulster, to JOHN POWER, Esq., of Roebuck helmet atfronty changed across House, co. Dublin, and Sampton, co. Wexford; unbarred ppr. on a calvary erect gu. created a bart. 1841).. chief gu. three Motto: “Per escallops arg crucem ad Whiskey Powers coronam”.

Power Écartelé en sautoir Armorial de J.B. d'Edermine d'or et d'argent, en RIETSTAP chef un casque ouvert au naturel, taré de front, en flancs et en pointe un lion de gueules, au chef de gueules, ch. de trois coquilles d'argent. James Power Edermine, Same as above with Same as above Heraldic JAMES POWER, of Edermine, M.P. for the County of of Edermine Wexford an escutcheon of illustrations, by J. Wexford, Esq. son and heir of Sir JOHN POWER, of pretense: gules a lion and J. B. Burke Roebuck House, co. Duhlin, Bart, bears, in addition to rampant within a his paternal Arms, the Ensigns of TALBOT, on an border engrailed or Escutcheon of Pretence, in right of his wife, Jane, daughter and coheir of JOHN HYACINTH TALBOT, of Talbot Hall, Esq.

Power of Milford, Co Or on a bend gules Crest: A stag's Burke's Peerage & Creation: Bt. (UK) 1 Feb 1924 Newlands Southampton between two fox's head erased Gentry Lineage: John Power, of Eldon, Co Down, Ireland;

Manor heads erased proper, proper, gorged died 1873, leaving: Debrett's three crescents of the with an antique William Taylor Power, of Eldon House, Co Down; Illustrated first, on a chief of the crown and leaving Baronetage second as many between the 2a Sir John Cecil Power, 1st Bt (UK) escallops argent attires a cross patée or. Motto: Pro patria semper (‘Ever patriotic')..

Power Devon Az. a bend cotised BGA indented or

Power Cornwall Vert a bend betw. two BGA cotises dancettee or Berry

Power Norfolk quarterly gules and or Papworth p346 a bordure azure; BGA

Power Norfolk quarterly azure and Papworth p346 ermine re; in the first BGA quarter a leopard's face or

Le Poer, quarterly ermine and Foster p 151 H. III. Roll); Dering Roll. Robert azure two leopards' faces or

Tackkham, quarterly ermine and Berry, County Power. Sir Sussex azure in the 2nd & Genealogies: Stephen 3rd quarters a Sussex p318-9 leopards' head or

Powers Per fess vert and A stag's head Papworth argent a stag trippant couped proper between three 3-foils charged on the countercharged neck with a trefoil vert. MOTTO: None recorded.

Le Poer Quarterly. 1st and Crests—1st: A BGA Marquess of Waterford Beresford 4th, ar. crusilly dragon's head fitchce, three fleurs- erased az. pierced de-lis within a through the neck bordure engr. sa., for with a broken BERESFORD; 2nd spear or, the and 3rd, ar. a chief broken point ar. indented sa., for LA thrust through the POER upper jaw, for BERESFOED. Supporters—Two 2nd: A stag's head angels ppr. vested ar. cabossed ppr. crined and winged or, attired or, each holding in the between the horns exterior hand a sword a crucifix of the erect, also ppr. last, thereon the pommel and hilt gold. resemblance of Jesus ppr., for LA POER.

Motto—Nil nisi cruce. Le Poer Quarterly, 1st and (1) An Arm In BGA Earl of Clancarty Trench 4th, ar. a lion pass. Armour gu. betw. three fleurs- Embowed de-lis az. on a chief of Holding In The the third the sun in Hand A Sword, splendour or; 2nd and All Ppr. (Trench) 3rd, ar. a chief "Consilio et indented sa. Over all prudentia" an escutcheon or, By wisdom and ensigned with a prudence

16 coronet of a Marquess (2) A Lion of the Netherlands, Rampant Or, and charged with a w Imperially heel of six spokes gu. Crowned, Holding In The Supporters—Dexter, Dexter Paw A a lion gu. seme-de-lis Sword Arg., Hilt or; sinister, a stag And Pommel Or, guard, ppr. holding a And In The banner per chief Sinister A Sheaf dancettee sa. and ar., Of Arrows Of The being the arms of la Last. POER, betw. the "Consilio et antlers sa. a crucifix prudentia" ppr. By wisdom and prudence (3)A Stag's Head Cabossed Arg., Attired And Between The Attires A Crucifix Or. (Power) "Consilio et prudentia" By wisdom and prudence

Sources:

Dering Roll The ‘Dering Roll’ is the oldest existing parchment roll recording coats-of-arms from around 1270. It is believed to have been commissioned by Stephen of Penchester who was the Constable of Dover Castle at the time. The parchment roll is 2640 mm long by 210mm wide and shows 324 coats-of-arms from Kent and Sussex with the names of the knights above them.

The Heralds' Roll c1280 697 coats, painted. FitzWilliam Museum, Cambridge MS297 (Copy, 15th.c.)

St George's Roll c1285 677 coats, painted. College of Arms, London, MS Vincent 164 ff.1-21b.

Charles' Roll c1285 486 coats, painted. Society of Antiquaries, London, MS517 (Copy, c.15th.c.).

Collins' Roll dated 1296 598 coats, painted. Queen's College, Oxford, MS 158, pp.366-402 (Copy c1640). College of Arms, London

Crozier, William Armstrong. Crozier's General Armory. 1904; rpt. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co, 1972.

BGA Bernard Burke, The general armory of England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales (1884)

BEH Encyclopaedia of Heraldry, or General Armory of England, Scotland and Ireland, London, H.G.Bohn, 1844

Matthews, John. Matthews' American Armoury and Blue Book. 1907; rpt. New York: Crest Publishing Co, 1962.

Robson Thomas Robson, The Bristish Herald Or Cabinet Of Armorial Bearings Of The Nobility & Gentry Of Great Britain & Ireland (1830)

Papworth John Woody Papworth, An Alphabetical Dictionary of Coats of Arms Belonging to Families in Great Britain and Ireland 1874

Parker A Glossary Of Terms Used In Heraldry by James Parker First published in 1894

Foster Joseph Foster, Some Feudal Coats of Arms from Heraldic Rolls 1248 -1418 (1902)

Berry William Berry. Encyclopaedia heraldica; or, Complete dictionary of heraldry (Volume 4) . (page 81) 1828

Boutell Boutell's heraldry by Charles Boutell

Armorial de J.B. Rietstap J.B. Rietstap, Armorial général précédé d'un dictionnaire des termes du blason. 2 vols. London: Heraldry Today, 1965. Reprint of 2nd ed., 1884-1887.

Vermont, E. de V. America Heraldica. 1886-89; rpt. New York: Heraldic Publishing Co, 1965.

The Visitations of the County of Oxford The visitations of the county of Oxford : taken in the years 1566 by William Harvey, Clarencieux; 1574 by Richard Lee, Portcullis ; and in 1634 by John Philpott, Somerset, and William Ryley, Bluemantle. Together with The gatherings of Oxfordshire, collected by Richard Lee in 1574 London : Taylor and Co. (1871)

Crests Fairbairn's Book of Crests, 1905 ed.

Geographic Distribution