FREE GENDER IN TWENTIETH-CENTURY EASTERN EUROPE AND THE USSR 1ST EDITION PDF

Catherine Baker | 9781137528025 | | | | | Gender in 20th century eastern Europe and the USSR

To browse Academia. Skip to main content. Log In Sign Up. Download Free PDF. Catherine Baker. Copyrighted material — Introduction: Gender in Twentieth-Century Eastern Europe and Gender in Twentieth-Century Eastern Europe and the USSR 1st edition USSR Catherine Baker In a blog called Cosmarxpolitan, reimagining Cosmopolitan magazine covers with photographs and headlines evoking Communist ideology, briefly amused social media users. Yet what would the New Socialist Woman and the New Socialist Man actu- ally be, and how was the power to intervene in the structure of gender relations contested under state socialism? How successful were these interventions even in their own terms, and how far did they alter structures of inequality between genders that had existed before Communist parties came to power? This aim has inspired studies of gender and resistance while permitting historians to under- stand the gender relations of persecution, victimhood and even perpetration of mass violence and genocide. Gender histories of work strikingly illustrate the point that gender is a rela- tional concept — one that contains ideas about what it means to be a woman and ideas about what it means to be a man, and sets them against each other in a binary hierarchy. If narratives of national and ethnic identity determine who belongs to the nation, gender regimes intersect with these to determine how a person categorized as male or female is supposed to belong. For a genera- tion of international feminists, wartime sexualized violence in Croatia, Bosnia- Herzegovina and later Kosovo during the Yugoslav wars would come to stand as the extreme example of nationalism and patriarchy in action. Historians of any 20th-century place and moment can ask how nationalist movements and governments combined constructions of gender and ethnicity in their discourses of belonging, their practices of public mobilization, their differential treatment of ethno-national majorities and minorities espe- cially Jews, Roma and Sintiand their political struggles over domains such as language and education. Governments before, during and after state socialism could all equate national strength with population growth and pursue pro-natalist policies such as state-provided childcare, paid benefits, contracep- tion and access to abortion; they might simultaneously seek to restrain birth rates of ethnic and religious minorities, especially Roma. State interventions in housing, leisure, consumer production and food supply all depended on gendered understandings of family and household. Scholars tackling these subjects agree there are risks in oversimplifying the past but differ deeply over how, where and why oversimplification has been taking place. Other volumes do the same for subsidiary regions such as Russia or south-east Europe,53 while the important recent collection edited by Joanna Regulska and Bonnie Smith, Women and Gender in Postwar Europe, drew both on eastern European and western European micro- histories in tracing a gender history of the Cold War that would encompass the whole continent, not one half. Lynne Haney, for instance, suggested that changing welfare policy in socialist Hungary revealed very different concepts of gender and need between toto and to — and her last period before another, more neoliberal welfare reform bridged late socialism and early post- socialism. This volume has approached its task accordingly. Yet it also aims to show how Gender in Twentieth-Century Eastern Europe and the USSR 1st edition and negotiations of gender have transcended the region and formed part Gender in Twentieth-Century Eastern Europe and the USSR 1st edition currents that also matter to gender historians elsewhere. Nor, this volume demonstrates, should such an account view the region as a space where the state of gender relations moved inexorably from patriarchal oppression towards equality over the course of the 20th century, or even just since the end of state socialism. Both the nexus between reproductive politics and nation- alism and the question of historicizing the emergence of sexual identities are simultaneously key topics after — State socialism provides the focus for the next two sections of the volume. These were informed by, and had parallels with, the Soviet gender regimes seen earlier in the volume. The multiple forms of state socialism combined a rhetoric of gender equality that supposedly set them above the West with a Gender in Twentieth-Century Eastern Europe and the USSR 1st edition on scarcity and an intru- sion into — as Maria Bucur illustrates in a chapter contextualizing her own expe- riences in state socialist Romania and as a historian researching post-socialist gender relations — the most intimate spheres of everyday life that nevertheless created a recognizably distinct set of gender regimes within 20th-century gender history. It nevertheless helps explain what holds eastern Europe together as a region of analysis for gender historians. By the mids the temporalities of post- socialism seemed even more complex, with some gay, lesbian and queer people in the region first experiencing new freedoms then seeing them withdrawn; and with the memory or reinterpre- tation of gender relations under state socialism continuing to be a resource in contestations of gender politics more than two decades after the end of state socialist rule. While some chapters in this volume have broader geographical scope than others, all can be used to pose questions about chronology and temporality in modern gender history which are important for historians seeking to draw transnational conclusions. Or, indeed, on any other topic? And to what extent should the region s in this volume be studied through comparison with gender histories elsewhere? These matters are important to decide in the course of framing globally aware, yet locally rooted, gender histories. Indeed, precedents like these even open space for tracing east European involvement in the gendered projects of European colonialism — a history Gender in Twentieth-Century Eastern Europe and the USSR 1st edition hardly addressed. What could a greater understanding of the intimate politics of state social- ism offer accounts of the transnational history of sexuality? How could a more comprehensive gender history of Europe at war in the 20th century incorporate the gendered forms of deprivation, degradation and trauma that characterized the wartime experience in the East? Notes 1. On digital memes of the young Stalin, see also Fraser, this volume. See, e. Wolchik and Alfred G. Nancy M. Scott, Gender, 41—4; R. On gender regimes and work, see, e. Gail W. Elizabeth C. Ramet ed. Lilly and Jill A. Kirschenbaum and Nancy M. Wingfield and Bucur edsGender and War. See also Melissa K. On efforts to reduce Roma birth rates, see, e. Wendy Z. Ashwin ed. See also Amy E. See also Bucur et al. Fidelis, Women, Communism, and Industrialization, 4. Funk and Mueller edsGender Politics. Penn and Massino edsGender Politics. Buckley ed. Joanna Regulska and Bonnie G. Haney, Inventing the Needy, 6— Silke Roth ed. Fodor, Working Difference. Stoler, Carnal Knowledge, emphasis original. Gal and Kligman, Politics of Gender, Fidelis et al. Stoler, Carnal Knowledge, Smith ed. Copyrighted material — Related Papers. By Ivan Simic. By Erin Biebuyck. Maria Bucur cv By Maria Bucur. Who Is a Victim of Communism? By Alina Haliliuc. Download pdf. Remember me on this computer. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Need an account? Click here to sign up. Polish American Historical Association

Edmond J. Important new findings on sex and gender in the former Soviet Bloc! Sexuality and Gender in Postcommunist Eastern Europe and Russia is a groundbreaking look at the new sexual reality in Central, Eastern, and Southeast Europe after the fall of communism. The book presents the kind of candid discussion of sexual identities, sexual politics, and gender arrangements that was often censored and rarely discussed openly before the breakup of the Soviet Union in Authors from a variety of disciplines examine how the changes caused by rapid economic and social transformation Gender in Twentieth-Century Eastern Europe and the USSR 1st edition affected human sexuality and if those changes can generate the social tolerance necessary to produce a well-rooted democracy. The first theoretical and empirical body of work to sexuality in post transitional countries, Sexuality and Gender in Postcommunist Eastern Europe and Russia examines the effects of the profound social transformation taking place in the former Soviet Union. Through an interdisciplinary perspective, the book addresses vital issues of this transformation, including gender relations, gender roles and sex norms in transition, sexual representations in the media, patterns of adult sexual behavior, gay and lesbian issues, sex trafficking, health risks, and sex education. The book also presents a critical examination of whether the fall of communism has, in fact, induced changes in sexuality and gender relations. Sexuality and Gender in Postcommunist Eastern Europe and Russia examines the changes in sex and gender in countries in transition, including: the negative consequences of Serbia's "state-directed non-development" during the s the causes and consequences of trafficking in women from the Russian Federation the ongoing debate over human rights for sexual minorities in Romania the effects of two Yugoslavian films released in the s that feature transgender characters sexualities in transition in Croatia problems created by changes in sexual behavior among urban Russian adolescents the social and legal state of lesbians in Slovenia Sexuality and Gender in Postcommunist Eastern Europe and Russia fills in the gap in the current knowledge and understanding of the effects of the profound social changes taking place in Central, Eastern, and Southeast Europe. The book is an essential read for academics and researchers working in gender studies, political science, and gay and lesbian studies. Handy tables and figures make the information easy to access and understand. National Identity. Facing Obstacles Gaps. Gender in Twentieth-Century Eastern Europe and the USSR 1st edition Culture and Politics. The Social Status of Lesbian Women. Immigration Fraud Unregulated. Research Methods. Strengthening Patriarchal Gender Relations. The Subjective Meanings of Sex and Sexual. Contradictory Trends in Sexual Life. The Social Context of Sexual Health. Representing Sexual. Regional Variation in Unemployment. Western Glamour and the Sex Industry. Gender Inequalities in a Nationalist. Ljuba Prenner - Wikipedia

Prenner was assigned female at birthbut from a young age identified as male and began to transition to a male appearance as a teenager. Because of a lack of funds, Prenner often worked and had to change schools. Despite these difficulties, he graduated from high school in and immediately entered law school at the University of King Alexander I. He began publishing about this time and earned a living by tutoring other students and selling his writing. He published several short stories and novels including the first Slovenian detective story. Completing a doctorate inPrenner opened a law practice and earned a reputation for defending political Gender in Twentieth-Century Eastern Europe and the USSR 1st edition and those accused of crimes against the state. Now living as a male, his combative manner in the courtroom and strong sense of judicial independence led to his being imprisoned several times by the communist regime. After being expelled from the Slovene Writers' Association, he was unable to publish until shortly before his death. Prenner was released from prison in and began a campaign to have his law license restored. Fromhe was allowed to practice again and was known for rarely losing a case. He was asked in to give the speech for the Bar Association's centennial celebrations and in was appointed as the permanent German-language court interpreter for Slovenia. Prenner died from breast cancer in Changes in social conventions and celebrations for the hundredth anniversary of his birth have led to a re- examination of his life in biographies and documentaries, as well as publication of some of his previously unpublished autobiographical novels. His mother was a Slovene, the daughter of a winemaker and cobbler. Though his father was not fluent in Slovene and his mother spoke no GermanPrenner from a young age, spoke both languages. Prenner's family was not well-off and moved often because of the father's work. InPrenner enrolled in the private Ptuj State Gymnasium and was able to finish three years, before a lack of funds forced him to return home. He privately studied his fourth year courses in Celje and then returned to Ptuj to take the examination to certify completion of the grade. Short of funds, he took a position as a typist in a law firm in Slovenj Gradec, increasing his savings for the next two years. He then moved to Belgrade and enrolled in the First Women's Realgymnasium. He completed his fifth and sixth years of high school while working as a hospital attendant and a clerk for a plumbing company. Again he exhausted his funds and returned home, completing the remaining two years of high school through private study. Prenner immediately enrolled in law school at the University of King Alexander I. Despite studying to become a lawyer, Prenner hoped to become a writer. Rather than an ideologically motivated text, Prenner's works were characterized by the human ability to adapt to life with faith, humor, and irony. As a result, most of them were never published. Prenner worked in two different law firms and successfully completed his graduate studies in Slovenia was split in half, with Italy taking the western portion and Germany taking the eastern part. Prenner applied for a license stating that he had been born in Fara. Now increasingly living as a male, during his doctorate studies Prenner joined the Osvobodilna fronta Liberation Front, OFan anti-fascist civil resistance movement. His apartment was used for meetings and as a dropbox for partisan communiques. He Gender in Twentieth-Century Eastern Europe and the USSR 1st edition comrades who needed shelter for a night and provided legal advice or defense to detainees and prisoners. In one scheme, he filed false paperwork with the authorities claiming that the judgments of the Italian courts were invalid after Italy capitulated to the Allies. He secured the freedom of many Slovenes before the Germans realized their error and arrested him in He escaped imprisonment, but had to pay a large Gender in Twentieth-Century Eastern Europe and the USSR 1st edition. When the war ended, Prenner was one of only 13 lawyers allowed to continue practicing by the communist government. Prenner thought that the conviction was based on flimsy evidence and found witnesses who were able to prove that the charges were false. He demanded a retrial, earning an acquittal for his client. In the aftermath of the trial, he and the prosecutor, whose weak case he had exposed, engaged in a physical altercation, which resulted in Prenner being fined by the disciplinary court. Prenner represented those charged with crimes against the state or state property, refusing to represent clients he did not consider to be wrongly accused. He believed that the judiciary had to maintain its independence from the government and not be swayed by politics. This often led to confrontations with those who saw the courts as an enforcer for the communist regime. It alleged that he undermined the reputation and authority of prosecutors, the court system, the State Security Administrationand the government by inappropriately belittling the performance of officials. While in jail, he composed the libretto Slovo od mladosti Farewell from Youth. He was not allowed to publish again until He was moved from the pre-trial jail to the Ferdreng Women's Camp and required to work in the quarry. He helped the other prisoners by filing complaints about the poor food and sexual assaults, which often earned him time in solitary confinement. After a new complaint was made against Prenner later inhe was transferred to the Ljubljana District Court Prison, but when the charges were withdrawn, he was sent Gender in Twentieth-Century Eastern Europe and the USSR 1st edition the women's prison at Brestanica castle. He was released without receiving either an indictment or a pardon in Maybut had no job to return to, [3] [31] as his law license had been revoked. Unable to sell his writing, he took care of the family, helped his nephews who were law students, and worked as a clerk in a law office. Unable to earn enough money to support the family, he and his sister sold their parents' home in Slovenj Gradec, which they had inherited after their parents died in Having been barred from working as a Gender in Twentieth-Century Eastern Europe and the USSR 1st edition for seven years, [28] after a long letter-writing campaign to various officials and organizations, Prenner regained his license in It received unenthusiastic reviews, closing the door on his literary ambitions. Once again he became a coveted advocate in the criminal court. Though highly skilled, Prenner's combative nature in court resulted in him being brought before the Bar Association's disciplinary commission several more times in the s. Though he did not support the Yugoslav communist regimePrenner acknowledged that after the communists took power, he was able to dress as he pleased. In public, he always used feminine language to refer to himself, but in private, his friends and family recognized him as a man. Ljuba Prenner, neither man nor woman". Prenner made no efforts to hide his sexual orientation [6] [12] and his father accepted his gender identity, though his mother did not approve. Though he had other relationships, Vrhnjak was Prenner's great love and when she died in[5] Prenner met Marija Krenker at the funeral. He wanted to retire, but the authorities claimed he had not worked the requisite years of service, since the years spent writing and in prison were not recognized. He retired in and his nephew Vojmil took over the law office. Inwithout his having sought acceptance, the Slovene Writers' Association readmitted him to membership and granted him a small pension based on his literary contributions from Prenner is remembered for an independent spirit, legal expertise, and written works. Other literary and scientific works have assessed Prenner's place in Slovenian history since the dissolution of Yugoslavia. Posthumous publication, driven by Mrzel, who is the literary guardian of Prenner's estate, has revealed some of Prenner's previously unpublished works. It explores gender roles and the limits that gender places on one's ability to engage in society, as well as Prenner's awareness that sexual identity was fluid. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Ljuba Prenner. Fara, CarinthiaAustria-Hungary. Ljubljana, Socialist Republic of SloveniaYugoslavia. The first homosexual organization for men was developed in and for women in Legal protection of LGBT rights began in Scholars of gender and sexual variance emerged in the post-socialist era to evaluate the inclusion of homosexuality in the 20th Gender in Twentieth-Century Eastern Europe and the USSR 1st edition in the region and to challenge public silences regarding their history. Baker, Catherine In Baker, Catherine ed. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Ciglar, Barbara Jarh Jezik in Slovstvo in Slovenian. Ljubljana: Slavisticno Drustvo Slovenije. LVI 5—6 : 39— Archived PDF from the original on 27 June Retrieved 27 June Darling, Laura Mills 14 November Making Queer History. Archived from the original on 6 April Website indicatess all articles are vetted and subject to editorial review Dolgan, Marjan; Fridl, Jerneja; Volk, Manca Literarni atlas Ljubljane. Archived from the original on 17 August Koper, Slovenia: University of Primorska. Greif, Tatjana In Coleman, Edmond J. New York, New York: Routledge. Kotnik, Mateja 21 June Delo in Slovenian. Ljubljana, Slovenia. Archived from the original on 23 October Retrieved 23 June Lukman, Franc Ksaver, ed.