Bluebird and Coyote

Expository Text

by Mary Mackie

PAIRED READ Bluebird and Coyote

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Program: CR 14 Component: LR G3 U4 W3 A Vendor: Learning Media Level: 28 PDF STRATEGIES & SKILLS Comprehension Vocabulary Strategy: Reread alert, competition, Skill: Compare and Contrast environment, excellent, prefers, protection, related, Vocabulary Strategy shelter Sentence Clues Content Standards Science Life Science

Word count: 928**

Photography Credit: Cover Georgette Douwma/Photographer’s Choice/Getty Images. **The total word count is based on words in the running text and headings only. Numerals and words in captions, labels, diagrams, charts, and sidebars are not included.

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, network storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning.

Send all inquiries to: McGraw-Hill Education Two Penn Plaza New York, New York 10121

ISBN: 978-0-02-118822-2 MHID: 0-02-118822-X

Printed in the United States.

3 4 5 6 7 8 DOC 17 16 15 14 13 12 C

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Program: CR 14 Component: LR G3 U4 W3 A Vendor: Learning Media Level: 28 PDF Genre Expository Text

Essential Question How do animals adapt to challenges in their habitat?

Chapter 1 by Mary Mackie A Changing World ...... 2 Chapter 2 Tide Pool Adaptations ...... 6 Chapter 3 Tide Pool Predators...... 12 Respond to Reading...... 15

PAIRED READ Bluebird and Coyote...... 16 Glossary/Index ...... 19 Focus on Science ...... 20

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Program: CR 14 Component: LR G3 U4 W3 [A] Vendor: Learning Media Level: 28 PDF Chapter 1

Take a walk along a rocky beach. What do you see? There are mussels and snails on the rocks. Green sea anemones wave their tentacles in the water. Crabs hide under rocks.

Twice a day, ocean water covers the land. Then the water rushes out again. Small pools of water are left behind. The rest of the shore is dry. Tide pool creatures live in a world that is always changing.

2 Images Geographic/Getty Grall/National George

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Program: CR 14 Component: LR G3 U4 W3 [A] Vendor: Learning Media Level: 28 PDF The small pools of water are called tide pools. Tide pools form in rocky areas where the land meets the sea.

A tide pool is a habitat for many plants and animals. A habitat is a place where a plant or animal lives. It is a plant or animal’s environment. Cavan Images/Digital Vision/Getty Images Vision/Getty Images/Digital Cavan

Crabs live in tide pools on rocky coasts.

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Program: CR 14 Component: LR G3 U4 W3 [A] Vendor: Learning Media Level: 28 PDF The tide pool habitat is made up of areas called zones. These zones form between the lowest low tides and the highest high tides.

The first zone is the low tide zone. It stays underwater most of the time. The next zone is the mid zone. Twice a day, this zone is dry. Then there’s the high tide zone. It is flooded at high tide. The last zone is the splash zone. It is mostly dry. At high tide it is splashed with salt water.

STOP AND CHECK

What does the tide Tide pools change do twice a day? as the tide rises and falls.

4 credits ephotocorp/Alamy

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Program: CR 14 Component: LR G3 U4 W3 [A] Vendor: Learning Media Level: 28 PDF Intertidal Zone Map

periwinkle

SPLASH ZONE limpet

barnacle

HIGH TIDE ZONE

snail crab limpet

sea anemone MID ZONE

sea hermit palm crab sea lettuce

LOW TIDE ZONE mussel sea star sea urchin tube octopus worm

whelk snail seaweed surf grass 5

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Program: CR 14 Component: LR G3 U4 W3 [A] Vendor: Learning Media Level: 28 PDF Chapter 2

Tide pools are always changing. Animals that live in tide pools need some special features to help them survive. These features are called adaptations.

Sea anemones live in the mid and low tide zones. When the tide pool is full of water, the sea anemone opens its tentacles to catch fish. But when the tide pool is dry, it pulls its tentacles into its body.

Sea anemones can open and close their tentacles.

closed tentacles

open tentacles

6 Images Alex L. Fradkin/Photodisc/Getty

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Program: CR 14 Component: LR G3 U4 W3 [A] Vendor: Learning Media Level: 28 PDF Barnacles, limpets, and mussels live in the splash zone. The zone is mostly dry. They have shells for shelter and protection. They can store food and water in their shells. Snails, crabs, and hermit crabs also have shells.

Barnacles, limpets, and mussels have adapted to life in the splash zone. They have hard shells that protect them from the sun.

Douglas P. Wilson/Frank Lane Picture Agency/Corbis Lane Picture Wilson/Frank Douglas P. 7

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Program: CR 14 Component: LR G3 U4 W3 [A] Vendor: Learning Media Level: 28 PDF Sea hares have colors that make them hard to see.

California sea hares, or sea slugs, live in the mid and low tide zones. They have adaptations to protect themselves from the sun and waves. They shrink their soft bodies. They hide between rocks.

Sea hares hide from predators. Their colors make them look like tide pool rocks. If predators come close, sea hares shoot out purple ink.

8 Daniel L. Geiger/SNAP/Alamy

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Program: CR 14 Component: LR G3 U4 W3 [A] Vendor: Learning Media Level: 28 PDF Sea urchins and sea stars come from the same family. They are related. Sea urchins have many sticky tube feet. Sea stars have the same kind of feet.

Sea urchins eat only plants. They have hard teeth. They scrape plants from rocks and then eat them. Sea stars are predators. They eat other animals.

The sea star (left) and the sea urchin belong to the same family.

Georgette Douwma/Photographer’s Choice/Getty Images Choice/Getty Douwma/Photographer’s Georgette 9

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Program: CR 14 Component: LR G3 U4 W3 [A] Vendor: Learning Media Level: 28 PDF The things animals do can be adaptations. Many tide pool animals have adaptations to fool predators.

Some crabs hide in sand. Some crabs, such as decorator crabs, hide by covering their shells with seaweed and smaller shells.

Mussels gather in large groups to stay safe. Periwinkles, oysters, and sand-castle worms also gather together to stay safe.

Decorator crabs decorate their shells to keep from being seen.

10 Jane Burton/Dorling Kindersley/Getty Images

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Program: CR 14 Component: LR G3 U4 W3 [A] Vendor: Learning Media Level: 28 PDF A sand-castle worm uses its tentacles to catch prey.

Sand-castle worms live together by building one large home. Their home looks like a honeycomb. When the tide comes in and covers them, the worms use their tentacles to catch food floating in the water.

A Special Glue Sand-castle worms have a special adaptation that helps them build their home. They make a special glue. They glue pieces of shell together. Each worm makes a tube. All of the tubes join together to make one large home.

STOP AND CHECK How do tide pool animals use their shells?

Robert F. Sisson/National Geographic/Getty Sisson/National Images Robert F. 11

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Program: CR 14 Component: LR G3 U4 W3 [A] Vendor: Learning Media Level: 28 PDF Chapter 3

Many tide pool animals are predators. They eat other animals. There is a lot of competition for food.

The sea star is a predator. It has adaptations that help it catch and eat prey. It has suction cups on its feet. The suction cups help it to move around on rocks.

Sea stars feed on shellfish such as mussels that live on the rocks. Sea stars use their sticky feet to open the mussel shells.

Sea stars can open mussels by pulling them apart with their sticky tube feet.

a sticky tube foot

mussel

12 Unlimited/Getty Images & Donna Caldwell/Visuals Francis

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Program: CR 14 Component: LR G3 U4 W3 [A] Vendor: Learning Media Level: 28 PDF The octopus is a predator. It can only live in water. It prefers life in the low tide zone. There, it feeds on crabs, snails, and clams.

An octopus has a soft body. It can hide in narrow cracks. It can also hide by changing color. The octopus hides and waits. It stays alert for small animals passing by. It grabs its prey with its long tentacles.

An octopus can hide in a tide pool by changing color.

Brenda Foran/Flickr/Getty Images Foran/Flickr/Getty Brenda 13

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Program: CR 14 Component: LR G3 U4 W3 [A] Vendor: Learning Media Level: 28 PDF It is good to visit tide pools. Some people study and learn from tide pools. People and their pets walk through tide pools. If you visit a tide pool, be careful. Leave the pool just as you found it.

STOP AND CHECK What are predators?

People like to visit tide pools, but they need to treat them with care.

14 Doug Marshall/Getty Images

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Program: CR 14 Component: LR G3 U4 W3 [A] Vendor: Learning Media Level: 28 PDF Summarize

Use details from Life Predator Prey in a Tide Pool to summarize the selection. The graphic organizer may help you.

Text Evidence

1. How do you know that Life in a

Tide Pool is expository text? Genre

2. In what ways are sea stars and sea

urchins the same? Compare and Contrast

3. What does survive on page 6 mean? Rewrite the sentence but

don’t use survive. Sentence Clues

4. Compare the octopus with another

tide pool animal. Write About Reading

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Program: CR 14 Component: LR G3 U4 W3 [A] Vendor: Learning Media Level: 28 PDF Genre Folktale Compare Texts Read how the bluebird and the coyote got their colors.

Bluebird and Coyote

Bluebirds were brown, not blue. Then, one night, Bluebird had a dream.

“Bored with brown?” a voice asked. “Visit the blue lake. Bathe in the lake for five mornings and you will turn blue.”

“Is that all I have to do?” asked Bluebird, suddenly alert.

“One more thing,” said the voice. “Sing ‘Ode to Blue’ while you bathe.”

“How does it go?” asked Bluebird.

“Just make it up,” said the voice. Bluebird did as he was told. All was well.

16

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Program: CR 14 Component: LR G3 U4 W3 [A] Vendor: Learning Media Level: 28 PDF Then, on the fourth morning, his feathers fell out.

“Can this be right?” he asked, but nobody heard him. Or so he thought.

On the fifth morning, Bluebird had beautiful blue feathers.

Coyote, who had been watching, was amazed.

“How did you do that?” asked Coyote. “I want that color!”

“Here’s what you do,” said Bluebird.

Coyote bathed in the lake. He sang for hours. On the fourth day, his fur fell out. On the fifth day, it grew back bright blue.

Illustration: Daubney Kate 17

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Program: CR 14 Component: LR G3 U4 W3 [A] Vendor: Learning Media Level: 28 PDF “Excellent color—one I prefer!” said Coyote as he pranced along the road. He had a thought. “I wonder if my shadow looks as good as I do?”

Bang! He ran straight into a tree branch! He fell to the ground. Soon, he was covered in brown dust.

Since that day, there has never been a blue coyote. But coyotes still like to howl a

few verses of “Ode to Blue.” Just in case. Illustration: Daubney Kate

Make Connections In Bluebird and Coyote, Coyote turns blue. Would blue be a good color for a coyote? Essential Question How does changing color help some tide pool animals? How does being brown help a coyote? Text to Text 18

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Program: CR 14 Component: LR G3 U4 W3 [A] Vendor: Learning Media Level: 28 PDF Glossary adaptations (ad-ap-TAY-shuhnz) changes in animals or plants that fit them better for their environment (page 6) habitat (HAB-ih-tat) the place where a plant or animal naturally lives or grows (page 3) predators (PRED-uh-turz) animals that eat other animals (page 8) prey (PRAY) animals that are eaten by other animals (page 12) Daubney

Kate (TEN-tuh-kuhlz) tentacles long,

Illustration: flexible animal parts used for grasping or feeling (page 2) Index

adaptations, 6, 8, 10–12 predators, 8–10, 12, 13 habitats, 3, 4 prey, 12, 13 high tides, 4, 5 tentacles, 2, 6, 11, 13 low tides, 4, 5, 8, 13 19

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Program: CR 14 Component: LR G3 U4 W3 [A] Vendor: Learning Media Level: 28 PDF Purpose To compare and contrast tide pool animals.

What to Do

Step 1 Make a list of four animals from Life in a Tide Pool.

Step 2 Create a chart with headings like the one below.

Animal Where They Live Type of Adaptation

Step 3 Add the animals to the chart.

Step 4 Fill in the chart. Use the zone map on page 5 to help you.

Conclusion What can you learn by comparing animals this way?

20

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Program: CR 14 Component: LR G3 U4 W3 [A] Vendor: Learning Media Level: 28 PDF Literature Circles

Nonfiction

The Topic What is this book mostly about?

Vocabulary What are the key words in Life in a Tide Pool that relate to the topic?

Conclusions What are the most important things you learned from Life in a Tide Pool?

Make Connections Compare the life of a tide pool animal with the life of a pet such as a cat, a dog, or a fish.

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Program: CR 14 Component: LR G3 U4 W3 A Vendor: Learning Media Level: 28 PDF Adaptations Science

GR M • Benchmark 28 • Lexile 550

Grade 3 • Unit 4 Week 3

www.mheonline.com

ISBN-13 978-0-02-118822-2 MHID 0-02-118822-X 99701 EAN

9 780021 188222 3

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Program: CR 14 Component: LR G3 U4 W3 A Vendor: Learning Media Level: 28 PDF