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Tide Pool Training Packet

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Tide Pool Training Packet Tide Pool Training Packet Assigned Biologist: Margaret Elkanick [email protected] Assigned Supervisor: Alice McCaleb [email protected] Equipment needed: Radio Headset and microphone pack Rules: This is an essential position when we are open. This means that you may not leave your position unless you are replaced by another cast member. Your job is to maintain the safety of the animals in Tide Pool while inspiring guests to learn and use their sense of touch to encourage a meaningful experience. Guests may use a gentle two-finger touch with the animals that are located on the guest side of the rock wall only. These rules are in place to minimize unnecessary handling beyond the two-finger touch we have for our guests. This allows for a minimum level of stress on the animals with an optimum level of enjoyment for the guests. o All animals should be kept in the water at all times. Only exception being a guest with a disability preventing them from reaching into the tank on their own. In which case a designated clear plastic tub can be used by husbandry only. Call 205 to get in touch with husbandry staff. o Sea stars, urchins, and chitons are not to be removed from the walls, rocks, or pipes. o Horseshoe crabs may not be flipped over. o Buried animals should remain buried. o Whelks that are not buried may be turned over underwater to show the underside to guests. o The rocks in the rock wall are not to be moved by anyone other than husbandry staff. They are there to give the animals an area to rest. o Animals on the far side of the rock wall are not to be touched by guests or staff other than husbandry. If, for any reason, an animal is pulled out of the water, the Tide Pool staff member should call 205. First Aid: In the case of a First Aid, the Tide Pool staff should use the radio provided and call 205 on Channel 2. Please let them know your location. A first aid bag is located at Tide Pool. Allergies: Signage is displayed regarding shellfish allergies and fish allergies Emergency Evacuation: In case of emergency alarm, cast should leave the animals in Tide Pool. Take the radio and assist with guests according to the proper safety protocols. Tide Pool Conservation Messaging Conservation Objective/Action: -Importance of invertebrates in the ecosystem -Leave the beach how you found it Challenge: Think about some other animals that might be keystone species in their environments. See if you can find them as you visit us today. American Alligator is a good example Talking Points: An invertebrate is any animal without a spinal column, and the word refers to insects, spiders, worms, snails, crustaceans, clams, squid, octopi, sea anemones, and coral, to name a very few. Invertebrates make up 97% of the animal species on Earth. They represent the biggest source of biodiversity and are present in most every food chain. The ochre sea star is a keystone species. In an ecosystem, all living things rely on each other and work together to be healthy; but, some species are crucial to the way all the species interrelate. When a keystone species is removed from a habitat, the habitat is dramatically changed. All other species are affected and some may disappear from that ecosystem or even become extinct. Sea stars eat mussels and keep their numbers in check. Too many mussels will crowd out other species, and since mussels have no other natural predators, sea stars are invaluable for keeping the ecosystem diverse. There is another animal in Tide Pool that is extremely important to its environment. Horseshoe crabs are “living fossils”. They first appeared in the fossil record over 30 million years ago. They are found up and down the Atlantic Coast. Studies have shown that shorebirds such as the Red Knot, Ruddy Turnstone, and Sanderling depend on Horseshoe Crab eggs deposited along the Delaware Bay for food. Some of these shorebirds make a 9000 mile migration from their wintering grounds along the southern tip of South America to their breeding grounds in the Arctic tundra. Their journey is timed so they can take a rest along the shore of the Delaware Bay in order to feast upon this large concentration of Horseshoe Crab eggs. Shorebirds will spend approximately 2 weeks dining on the eggs in order to double their body weight and replenish the fuel reserves need to continue with their long journey. Horseshoe crabs are also important to human health. Their blood contains a clotting agent, LAL (Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate), which provides a fast, reliable test for the presence of infectious bacteria in drugs as well as prosthetic devices such as heart valves and hip replacements. This area is great to talk about leaving the beach how you found it. Almost everyone goes on vacation at some point in their lives, and almost everyone visits a nice, warm, relaxing beach location. Yet most people do not realize that their fun day at the beach could end up being a bad, possibly fatal, night for sea turtles if we leave the beach a mess! Here are some bullet-points that explain how Aquarium guests can help sea turtles and other aquatic animals during their vacations Remove anything from the beach that you brought with you. Do not leave lounge chairs, umbrellas, garbage, towels, toys, boats or anything else on the beach overnight. These items can get in the way of nesting mother sea turtles trying to find a good place to lay their eggs, or even in the way of hatchling sea turtles who are trying to make it to the water. Fill in any holes that are dug in the sand, and flatten any sand castles that were made. I know it sounds sad to destroy all that hard work with those holes and sand castles, but these are HUGE obstacles to the hatchling sea turtles. Many hatchlings fall into these dug holes and cannot get back out and end up dying, or they become an easy target for predators such as gulls or raccoons. Also, with obstacles such as sand castles, turtles can bump into them and get confused and turn back the wrong way. Anything that stands in their direct path can cause trouble for turtles. Clean-up all the garbage you see: both yours and anyone else’s. This might seem like a simple task, but it makes a HUGE difference for sea turtles and other aquatic animals. Turtles can easily mistake plastic bags and other trash for their favorite food – jellyfish. This trash gets stuck in the turtle’s digestive tract and can seriously injure or kill the turtles. Animals in Tide Pool Horseshoe Crab Green Sea Anemone Leather Sea Star Red Sea Urchin Sea Cucumber Gumboot Chiton Channeled Whelk California Mussels Black Tegula Snail Blueband Hermit Crab Invertebrate Classification: Horseshoe Crabs Four species of horseshoe crabs exist today. Only one species, Limulus polyphemus, is found in North America along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts from Maine to Mexico. The other three species are found in Southeast Asia. Horseshoe crabs are not true crabs at all. Horseshoe crabs are more closely related to arachnids (a group that includes spiders and scorpions) than to crustaceans (a group that includes true crabs, lobsters, and shrimp). Horseshoe crabs are often called "living fossils" because fossils of their ancestors date back almost 450 million years--that's 200 million years before dinosaurs existed. Despite inhabiting the planet for so long, horseshoe crab body forms have changed very little over all of those years. Many people view horseshoe crabs as dangerous animals because they have sharp tails. In reality, horseshoe crabs are harmless. Their tails are used primarily to flip themselves upright if they are accidentally overturned. Horseshoe crabs have two primary compound eyes and seven secondary simple eyes. Two of the secondary eyes are on the underside. Their compound eyes have been used for research in order to understand human eyes better. The horseshoe crab has five pairs of legs for walking, swimming, and moving food into the mouth, each with a claw at the tip, except for the last pair. Behind its legs, the horseshoe crab has book gills, which exchange respiratory gases, and are also occasionally used for swimming. Horseshoe crabs can nest year-round in Florida, with peak spawning occurring in the spring and fall. When mating, male horseshoe crabs move parallel to the shoreline on sandy flats and intercept females as they pass by. A male attaches himself to the top of a female’s shell by using his specialized front claws, in a position known as amplexus, and together they crawl to the beach. The male fertilizes the eggs as the female lays them in a nest in the sand. Some males (called satellite males) do not attach to females but still have success to fertilizing the female's eggs as they swarm around the amplexed pair. Most of this nesting activity takes place during high tides in the three days before and after a new or full moon. Horseshoe crab larvae emerge from their nests several weeks after the eggs are laid. Most of the "dead" Horseshoe Crabs that people see on beaches are probably not dead at all, but actually empty shells. The shells are molts. Horseshoe crabs grow by molting. As a Horseshoe Crab matures and increases in size, it will shed its old exoskeleton (outer shell or skeleton) and form a new, bigger one, leaving its old shell behind on the bottom of the ocean.
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