VOLUME 36 NUMBER 2 WINTER, 1952-53 ••'^^^^^^' •"^^^^^f^^^^^^^^m "After the Storm" pictures the still­ ness which settles upon the countryside immediately after a snowstorm. Taken by A. J. Mueller of Appleton, this snowscape won third prize in the Pictorial Division of the Third Annual ON THE COVER: Photographic Competition, "Wiscon­ sin Today — 1952," sponsored by the Society. See page 140 for the boxed item, "Quality Reflected in Photo­ graphic Competition," which supplies further information on this competi­ tion and exhibit. The WISCONSIN MA(;AZINK OF HISTORY is published by the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 816 State Street, Madison 6, Wisconsin. Distributed to members as part of their dues (Annual Membership, $3.50; Contributing, $10: Business and Professional, $25: Life, $100; -Sustaining, $100 or more annually). Yearly subscription, $3.50; single numbers, 90 cents. Communications should be addressed to the editor. The Society does not assume responsibility for statements made by contributors. Entered as second-class matter at the post office at Madison, Wisconsin, under act of August 24, 1912. Copyright 1953 by the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. Paid for in part by the Maria L. and Simeon Mills Editorial Fund and by the George B. Burrows Fund. PERMISSION—Wisconsin newspapers may reprint any article appearing in the If isconsin Magazine of History provided the story carries the following credit line: Reprinted from the State Historical Society's Wisconsin Magazine of History for [insert the season and year which appears on the Magazine]. PHOTO CREDITS—Wisconsin Assembly Opening, in Session, and Vote Register from the motion picture film, "Wisconsin Makes Its Laws," by the State Centennial Committee, 1947; Donald R. McNeil, Wallace-Zorn, Los Angeles; Log Cabin, Richard Houghton draw­ ing. Society's Museum staff; all other Buttles pictures from Anson M. Buttles Collection, Milwaukee; Medal of Honor (navy). Official U. S. Navy Photo; General MacArthur, U.S. Army photo; Slack, Milwaukee Journal; Van Valkenburgh, Ingman, and Red Cloud, U.S. Army photo; J. Stannard Baker, from Harry D. Baker, St. Croix Falls; Col. ,Iohn Gurley, Mr. and Mrs. Sam Gurley, Mrs. David Kline, Waukesha; Marquetry Cabinet and Beau­ mont's Dining-Room Chair, Lefebvre-Luebke, Commercial Photographers, Green Bay; Grass Rug and Beaded Deerskin Articles. Willis B. Foote, Madison; and the Angus F. Lookaround Memorial Unit, L. L. Cook Company, Milwaukee. VOLUME 36 NUMBER 2 PUBLISHED BY THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF WISCONSIN WINTER, 1952-53 Editor: CLIFFORD L. LORD Managing Editor: LILLIAN KRUEGER CONTENTS The Wisconsin Legislature EARL SACHSE 83 Lincoln Scolds a General HARLAN HOYT HORNER 90 Pioneer Buttles, Town Milwaukee Diarist LILLIAN KRUEGER 97 Wisconsin and the Medal of Honor ALAN E. KENT 104 Nineteenth Century Land Colonization in Northern Wisconsin ARLAN HELGESON 115 The Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints in Southwestern Wisconsin.... BEULAH FOLKEDAHL 122 Weavers of Grasses : Indian Women of the Woodlands PHEBE JEWELL NICHOLS 130 (Mrs, Angus F, Lookaround) FEATURES : The Collector 127 Meet the Authors 82 Readers' Choice 137 Smoke Rings 87 Sincerely Yours 141 Pandora's Box 113 Accessions 157 meet the authors EARL SACHSE, a native of Milwaukee, did the Order of the Coif, honorary legal fra­ some of his college work at Marquette. ternity, and Avas a staff member of, and a Taking his M.A. degree in sociology at the contributor to, the Wisconsin Law Review. University of Wisconsin, he was for a Five years were spent as an assistant at­ time a field representative with the State torney general in Wisconsin. Mr. Sachse Department of Public Welfare, and then left this position when he was appointed, completed his work for the Law degree at in October, 1948, the executive secre­ the State University. He was elected to tary of the Legislative Council. Iowa-born HARLAN HOYT HORNER was edu­ His great interest in Lincoln resulted in a cated at the University of Illinois and fine Lincoln Collection, begun in 1909, New York State College of Teachers. For which he and his wife have donated to many years he was associated with the the University of Illinois as a memorial to University of the State of New York; from the Class oi 1901. The Horner Lincoln- 1923-30 he was the executive secretary of Greeley volume has recently come off the the New York State Teachers' Association. University of Illinois Press. LILLIAN KRUEGER, a graduate of the Uni­ edge of the state's pioneer period, espe­ versity of Wisconsin School of Journalism, cially as it relates to women and their began research and editing at the Society contribution to the American heritage, has during Dr. Schafer's regime. Hundreds of resulted in her bringing out Motherhood manuscripts, offered for publication in the on the W^isconsin Frontier. Miss Krueger Wisconsin Magazine of History, have been frequently writes articles, reviews books, read by her. Possessing a wide knowl­ and is on the Society's "Speakers' Circuit." Milwaukee-born ALAN E. KENT served in thesis in political science. Mr. Kent is the U.S. Army, Corps of Engineers, 1944- educational curator in the Historical So­ 46, in the Hawaiian Islands, le Shima, ciety's Museum, a post which requires him and Okinawa. He attended the University to do considerable research. Several of of Wisconsin in 1946-48, where he com­ his sketches will appear in the Dictionary pleted work for his B.S. and M.S. degrees. of Wisconsin Biography, under the spon­ .Jir% Presently he is working on his Doctor's sorship of the Society. ARLAN HELGESON was born at Holmen, La work. There he completed his work in Crosse County, Wisconsin. In 1943 he was history and received his Master's and graduated from Wisconsin State College, Doctor's degrees. His land colonization La Crosse. During the war he was a radio paper was read at the Society's Annual operator in the Army Airways Communi­ Meeting at Eagle River in June. Dr. cations System, serving in England. After Helgeson, on the staff of Illinois State his return to the states, he entered the Normal University, Normal, is known to University of Wisconsin to do graduate readers through former contributions. A native of South Dakota, BEULAH FOLKE­ Miss Folkedahl has written for church DAHL has called Blanchardville "home," papers, particularly on Norwegian-Ameri­ t-i for most of her life. She was graduated can themes; has contributed histories of from St. Olaf College, and took her Mas­ Iowa and La Fayette counties to the ter's degree at Columbia University. For County Agricultural Statistics volume; and many years she taught in the junior col­ has prepared several sketches for the Dic­ if' leges of the Evangelical Lutheran Church. tionary of Wisconsin Biography. PHEBE JEWELL NICHOLS (Mrs. Angus F. shena has become a Museum and Studio Lookaround), a native of Wabasha, Min­ Memorial to her husband. A popular re­ nesota, was a daughter of a writer who gional writer, poet, and lecturer, Mrs. A\as an authority on the wildlife of the Lookaround is an authority on the life legion. Her husband, Angus F. Look­ and culture of the Indians and advo­ around, was a noted Indian athlete and cates, as writer and lecturer, that jus­ musician. The Lookaround home at Ke- tice be used toward them. 82 A series of articles pertaining to the functions of the various branches and agencies of the state government is cur­ rently appearing in the Magazine. How the legislative branch is organized, how it operates, and how it is aided by the work of the legislative council with its committees are explained in Mr. Sachse's lucid account. In this legislative year it is a contribution all citizens will find time to read. The Wisconsin Legislature by Earl Sachse In previous issues of this Magazine, articles law has been adopted, it may be challenged describing the executive and judicial branches in the courts, and the supreme court has the of our state government have appeared. This authority to declare it unconstitutional, and article will describe the legislative branch, in that event, it is null and void. The con­ which is the third major division of our stitution itself is the fundamental law under­ state government. The division of our state lying the entire system of our state govern­ government into three branches is similar to ment. That document can be altered only the organization of the federal government. with the consent of the people themselves. It is based upon the theory of checks and Although the constitutions of many states are balances and is intended to make certain that very long and cluttered with minute and un­ no branch will become all-powerful. necessary detail, our Wisconsin constitution In practice how does this system work? is a relatively brief and simple document. We The Legislature passes the laws. The gover­ observe, then, that the three principal branches nor in his message at the opening of the of government are balanced and exert checks, session may urge the passage of certain bills one against the other. In this way, rights which are important to the program which and liberties of the people are protected. he considers to be for the best interest of In addition to the three branches of gov­ the State. For example, in the 1951 session, ernment mentioned above, there is another Governor Walter J. Kohler, Jr., recommended division which we might call the administra­ fifty-five measures and the Legislature adopted tive branch. It consists of the constitutional forty-seven of them. However, if the gover­ officers: lieutenant governor, attorney gen­ nor disapproves of some measure passed by eral, state treasurer, secretary of state, and the Legislature, he has power to veto it.