Llones De Egipcios De Los Hermanos Musulmanes

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Llones De Egipcios De Los Hermanos Musulmanes VARIOS AUTORES SIN PERMISO Egipto SP WWW.SINPERMISO.INFO SIN PERMISO Presentación Hemos querido esperar a conocer los re- sultados del referéndum constitucional convocado por el Presidente Mohamed Morsi para publicar este segundo libro electrónico, con la recopilación de los artí- culos más destacados de la página web de Sin Permiso. Egipto SP, igual que Grecia SP, responde a la necesidad de expresar nuestra solidaridad con la revolu- islamistas (con sus dos alas, los Hermanos Musulmanes y los ción egipcia, que ha entrado en su segunda fase, como defien- salafistas); y una izquierda incipiente, que va desde el nasseris- den nuestros amigos socialistas revolucionarios de este país mo de izquierdas hasta los socialistas revolucionarios. Más árabe del Mediterráneo oriental. Una solidaridad que pasa por allá de estos tres grandes bloques, continua la sombra sinies- la comprensión y el análisis del proceso de cambio en curso, el tra del antiguo régimen proyectada por sectores del ejército y más importante a los que ha dado luz la llamada “Primavera de la burocracia, ligados a EE UU por multitud de acuerdos y árabe”. programas de cooperación. Es casi innecesario enfatizar lo obvio: Egipto, por su peso de- A pesar de recoger artículos que reflejan las posiciones de es- mográfico, su importancia económica y geopolítica, su larga tos tres grandes bloques que se disputan la hegemonía de la historia de luchas sociales, es el país fundamental a la hora de revolución egipcia, la posición de Sin Permiso no es imparcial, determinar el futuro del mundo árabe y de Oriente Medio. Es como podrán comprobar nuestros lectores por el mayor peso el único país árabe de la zona capaz de escapar a los equili- que tienen los artículos de autores identificados con la izquier- brios de poder inter-imperialistas regionales que resultaron da y, en concreto, de los Socialistas Revolucionarios. de la II Guerra del Golfo y la invasión de EE UU y sus aliados De ellos hemos recogidos dos ideas fundamentales. La prime- de Irak, y hacer prevalecer la dinámica interna de su cambio ra, que la dinámica de la revolución egipcia iba más allá de un revolucionario, a pesar de las inmensas presiones externas cambio de régimen político, que sustituyese el viejo autoritaris- que ejercen EE UU, la UE, Arabia Saudita, Qatar e Israel para mo de Mubarak por la instauración democrática de un gobier- condicionar ese cambio a favor de sus intereses. no islamista de los Hermanos Musulmanes, para plantear Los artículos recopilados recogen distintos puntos de vista. En abiertamente no solo los límites constitucionales-democráti- un primer momento, de comentaristas extranjeros. Poco a po- cos de este islamismo apoyado sobre todo por EE UU y Qatar, co, van surgiendo las voces de los propios egipcios, desapareci- sino también las contradicciones sociales de un capitalismo da la mordaza que les impuso el régimen de Mubarak. A medi- plenamente integrado en el proceso de globalización impulsa- da que la revolución egipcia avanzaba a golpe de enormes ma- do por instituciones como el FMI, pero incapaz de satisfacer nifestaciones que desbordaban la represión policial y militar, las necesidades básicas de las clases populares y trabajadoras. desde el corazón de la Plaza Tahrir, pero también de las fabri- La segunda, sobre la naturaleza de los Hermanos Musulmanes cas y servicios en huelga, se han ido conformando tres gran- como una organización inter-clasista popular regida y utiliza- des bloques político-ideológicos: los liberales (que ha acogido da como instrumento político por sectores de la oligarquía a una parte importante de los cuadros del viejo régimen); los egipcia, y la necesidad de desarrollar una política de alianzas 2 compleja, en la acumulación de fuerzas y disputa por la hege- El Cairo, la victoria del NO ha sido del 57%, mientras que en monía, luchando contra el viejo régimen, pero también en la Alejandría, la victoria del SI lo ha sido por el 55,6%. segunda fase de la revolución que inaugura el referéndum Seguiremos, por lo tanto, con enorme atención la evolución de constitucional, en defensa no solo de la democracia, sino de esta segunda fase de la revolución egipcia y esperamos que es- los intereses sociales de los trabajadores, las clases populares tos materiales ayuden a ello. y las minorías del país. Buena lectura. En este sentido, hay que subrayar las diferencias tanto con quienes pretenden subsumir toda la oposición bajo la direc- ción de una clase política liberal, cuyas figuras más destacadas son El Baradei y Amr Mussa, como de quienes en nombre de una interpretación campista, creen que la oposición debe acep- tar la hegemonía de los Hermanos Musulmanes tras su victo- ria democrática en las urnas. Basta señalar que las diferencias de programa económico de unos y de otros no van más allá de la propia competencia entre sectores económicos capitalistas en la crisis y ambos han continuado prisioneros en política ex- terior de lo que uno de los articulistas llama “la lógica infernal tripartita” de las relaciones bilaterales con EE UU. Los resultados del referéndum, a los que nos referíamos al co- mienzo de estas líneas, muestran hasta que punto la situación revolucionario en Egipto sigue abierta. Después de inmensas movilizaciones a favor y en contra del “decretazo” de Morsi, que le obligaron a renunciar a los poderes extraordinarios que se había otorgado, solo ha votado un 32% de la población, 17 puntos menos que en las elecciones presidenciales de junio (49%). Este es sin duda el dato fundamental. La victoria de los partidarios de la Constitución islamista es del 64%, lo que re- presenta un escaso 27,5% del censo electoral. En la ciudad de 3 EGIPTO SP David Macaray “Es el mayor movimiento social en el mun- do árabe desde la Segunda Guerra Mun- Indice dial, y los sindicatos marcan el camino” 18 Noam Chomsky No es el Islam radical lo que preocupa a los EEUU, sino la independencia 21 Michael R. Krätke La crisis alimentaria, combustible de la có- lera popular 25 Sin Permiso Presentación 1 Robert Fisk Tahrir: el giro de la historia 28 Egipto SP Indice 4 Guillermo Almeyra ¿Y después de Mubarak, qué? 31 Tariq Ali El 1848 árabe: los déspotas se tambalean Tariq Alí y caen 7 La era de la razón política está regresando al mundo árabe 34 Hossam el-Hamalawy Sobre las revueltas de Túnez y Egipto 10 Samir Amin La revolución popular en Egipto 37 Alejandro Nadal Levantamiento en Egipto, lecciones para Nawal al Saadawi México 15 “No dejaremos que Egipto arda” 40 Nancy Messieh Un poema por Tahrir 43 4 Hossam el-Hamalawy Mustafá Omar Las protestas de Egipto continúan en las La revolución egipcia vuelve a las calles fábricas 45 76 Mike Whitney Daniel Williams La revuelta de la población trabajadora ig- Sin alegría en Egipto 83 norada por los medios de comunicación oc- cidentales 48 Mostafá Alí Lo que esta en juego en las elecciones pre- Aluf Benn sidenciales 87 ¿por qué se despisto Israel respecto a El Cairo? 54 Amira Howeidy ¿Tahrir o el fin de la Revolución? 94 Noam Chomsky La conexión El Cairo/Wisconsin 58 Mostafá Ali ¿Quién escribirá la historia de Egipto, la re- Hossam El-Hamalawy volución o la contrarrevolución? 98 La revolución egipcia: diez años de gesta- ción 62 Larbi Sadiki Egipto entre las elecciones presidenciales Nawal Al-Saadawi y el CSFA 102 La canción nueva de la élite egipcia 66 Gamal Essam El-Din Robert Fisk ¿Hacia un nuevo enfrentamiento?107 Dictadores aferrados, ¿por cuánto tiempo? 69 Julia Suryakusuma Viejos hábitos (militares) nunca mueren Robert Fisk 112 El déspota egipcio y sus dos hijos 72 Youssef Rakha Catch 25 116 5 Anne Alexander Ahmed Shawki El movimiento huelguístico y la crisis del La lucha por el futuro de Egipto se agudi- estado 122 za. Entrevista 176 Ammar Ali Hassan Federación de Sindicatos Independientes El capitalismo blanqueado de la Herman- Los trabajadores rechazamos el decretazo dad 127 presidencial 181 Sameh Naguib Hacia una segunda revolución 134 Cronología cixxxv Larbi Sadiki La reconstitución de Egipto 143 Autores cxci Amor Ali Morsi y la perversa lógica trilateral de las relaciones entre EEUU, Egipto e Israel 149 Hisham Sallam Morsi y la nacionalización de la Revolución 153 Lee Sustar ¿Secuestrará Morsi la revolución? 156 Chibli Mallat Un proyecto de constitución hacia atrás 163 Mostafá Alí y Ahmed Shawki Un punto de inflexión en Egipto 169 6 TARIQ ALI El 1848 árabe: los déspotas se tambalean y caen No puede permanecer mucho más por- que los militares han declarado que no dispararán a su propio pueblo, lo que ex- cluye la opción de la plaza de Tiananmen. Si los generales (que han sostenido a lo largo de mucho tiempo a este régimen) faltaran a su palabra, podrían dividir al ejército y preparar el terreno para la gue- rra civil. Nadie quiere eso por ahora, ni incluso los israelíes a quienes gustaría que sus amigos estadou- dentales, viendo en ello un futuro feliz y entonaron "Tomad- nidenses mantuvieran a su hombre clave en el Cairo tanto nos, tomadnos, ya somos vuestros". tiempo como fuera posible. Pero ello también es imposible. Las masas árabes quieren romper con el horrible abrazo. Los Así que ¿llegará Mubarak a este fin de semana o al próximo? EEUU-Unión Europea han dado su apoyo a dictadores de los Washington quiere una "transición ordenada", pero las manos que [las masas árabes] quieren desembarazarse. Son revueltas de Suleiman el Fantasma (o el Señor de la Tortura como algu- contra el universo de la miseria permanente: una elite ence- nas de sus víctimas lo llaman), el vicepresidente que han obli- guecida por su propia riqueza, corrupción, desempleo masivo, gado a aceptar a Mubarak, están también manchadas de san- tortura y subyugación a Occidente.
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