Knowledge Organiser: Unit 3, Weimar and Nazi Germany 1918 – 39

Knowledge Organiser: Unit 3, Weimar and Nazi Germany 1918 – 39. Key words Part 1: The Weimar Republic 1918 – 29. Abdication When a monarch gives up the throne and all power. Summary. Armistice Agreement to end a war. Article 48 The President could use this to ignore the Reichstag The Weimar Republic was the name given to Germany after the Kaiser had and rule as he saw fit abdicated in November 1918. This was a time of despair and hope for Coalition A government of two or more political parties. Germany. At first, the country faced lots of chaos but under Gustav Constitution Agreement about how the country should be ruled. Stresemann, there was some recovery and stability. Dawes Plan The USA agreed to loan money to Germany. Freikorps Ex-military soldiers who wish to overthrow the Key events. Republic Gewaltfrieden An enforced peace 1 1918 November. World War One ended. The Kaiser abdicated and Hyperinflation When money loses its value Germany became a country with no monarchy (a republic). Kaiser King 2 1919 January. The Spartacists Uprising Kellogg Briand 65 countries agreed to resolve conflict peacefully. 3 1919 June. The signing of the treaty of Versailles. Pact 4 1919 August. The Weimar Constitution is approved. Locarno Pact An agreement about borders signed by Britain, 5 1920. The Kapp Putsch. France and Italy. 6 1923 October. The French occupation of the Ruhr which leads to Reichstag German Parliament hyperinflation. Rentenmark Currency of Germany after 1923 7 1924. The Dawes Plan. Reparations Money to be paid to other states for the cost of the 8 !925. The Locarno Pact war 9 1926. Germany joins the League of Nations. Republic A country without a king or queen as head of state. 10 1928. Kellogg Briand Pact is signed. Treaty of Stated the terms of ending the First World War. 11 1929. Young Plan agreed. Versailles Weimar New government set up here as Berlin was too Key concepts. dangerous. The Weimar Republic faced much opposition, It was disliked by the left wing who Young Plan Cut the reparations payments and gave Germany wanted Germany to be like Communist Russia and it was disliked by the right wing longer to pay. who wanted the monarchy back. The Treaty of Versailles caused many problems for Germany. The German people Key people. disliked the politicians for signing it and it caused political problems and economic Wilhelm Kaiser of Germany. Abdicated in November 1918. problems, particularly due to reparation payments. st Weimar Constitution was the most democratic constitution in the western world, Ebert 1 President of the Weimar Republic providing fair representation for all. However, it also contained the means for its own Gustav Chancellor summer 1923. He helped to bring about destruction. Stresemann economic recovery after 1924 by building relations The Golden Age was the period from 1924-29 and it saw significant changes in culture, with other countries. the standard of living and the position of women. Hindenburg 2nd President of the Republic.

Knowledge Organiser: Unit 3, Weimar and Nazi Germany 1918 – 39. Part 2: Hitler’s rise to power, 1919 - 1933 Summary.

Key words Hitler sets up the Nazi Party in 1920 and becomes Chancellor in January 1933. This happens for a variety of reasons – Hitler’s strengths, inbuilt problems of Anti-Semitism Hatred of the Jewish People the Weimar Republic, and the weaknesses of other individuals. Aryan Pure German blood Blood Martyrs 16 Nazis who died in the Munich Putsch Key events. Fuhrerprincip Belief one person should rule the party 1 1919 Hitler joins the German Workers’ Party Gaue Local party branches 2 1920 Hitler sets up the Nazi Party Iron Cross Awarded for bravery 3 1921 Hitler introduces the SA KPD German Communist Party 4 1923 The Munich Beerhall Putsch Main Kampf ‘My Struggle’. Hitler’s autobiography. 5 1925 Mein Kampf is published NSDAP National Socialist German Workers’ Party, Nazi 6 1926 Bamberg Conference. Party 7 1928 The Nazis win 12 seats in the Reichstag. 25 Point Programme Political Manifesto of the Nazi Party 8 1929 Death of Stresemann. Propaganda Method to influence what people think. Wall Street Crash and the onset of economic depression Putsch Attempt to seize power illegally. 9 1930 Nazis win 107 seats in the Reichstag Roter Private army of the Communist Party 10 1932 July. Nazis win 230 seats in the Reichstag Frontkampferbund 11 1932 November. Nazis win 196 seats in the Reichstag. SA ( Sturmabteilung) Nazi Party private army. Also known as the ‘brown shirts’. 12 1933 January. Hitler is appointed as Chancellor. SS (Schutzstaffel) Hitler’s bodyguards. Headed by Himmler

Key concepts. Swastika Emblem of the Nazi Party Volk German people. The Munich Putsch is a significant event. Although a failure, Hitler gained Volkischer ‘People’s Observer’. Nazi Party newspaper. publicity, he wrote Mein Kampf and he realised that if he was to win power, he Beobachler needed to do this by votes and not by force. Stable Stresemann caused problems for the popularity of the Nazi Party. When Key people. times were good, voters were not attracted to the Nazi policies. Goebbels Minister of Propaganda Goering Minister of the Economy The Wall Street Crash was a major turning point in the fortunes of the Nazi Himmler In control of SS and Gestapo Party. The Nazi message did not change but people were now prepared to hear Hindenburg President of the Republic 1925 – 1934. Appointed it. Hitler as Chancellor in January 1933. The Backstairs Intrigue - At a time when Nazi popularity at the polls was Bruning Chancellor 1930 - 1932 decreasing, Hitler was handed power by political elites (including Hindenburg Von Papen Chancellor 1932 and von Papen) who feared a Communist take over and Civil War. On Schleicher Chancellor 1932 – 1933. German General.

Knowledge Organiser: Unit 3, Weimar and Nazi Germany 1918 – 39. Key words Part 3: Nazi control and dictatorship 1933 – 39. Centralisation Germany was divided into districts (lander), now it was ruled directly from Berlin. Concordat Agreement between the Pope and Hitler. The Summary. Catholic Church would stay out of politics and This was a time when Hitler formed a legal dictatorship and put in place Hitler would leave the Catholic Church alone. methods of propaganda and censorship to persuade and encourage all Confessional Church German Protestant Church that refused to Germany people to support Nazi ideals. comply with the Nazi Party rules. Dachau First concentration camp for political prisoners. DAF German Labour Front – state trade union. Key events. Edelweiss Pirates Youth groups opposed to the Hitler Youth. 1 1933 January. Hitler appointed Chancellor Enabling Act Gave the Nazi Party full power for 4 years. 2 1933 February. Reichstag Fire. Gestapo Secret police headed by Goering, then Himmler. 3 1933 March. Nazis win 288 seats in the Reichstag. Gleichshaltung Hitler’s attempt to bring German society into Enabling Act passed. line with Nazi philosophy. 4 1933 May. Trade unions banned Mit Brennender ‘With Burning Concern’. The Pope wrote to 5 1933 July. Nazi Party are the only legal party in Germany. Sorge. priests in Germany about concerns over Nazi Concordat signed with the Pope (Catholic Church) moves to control religion. 6 1934 June. Night of the Long Knives. Night of the Long Carried out to remove internal and external 7 1934 August. Hindenburg dies. Hitler wins the Presidential election Knives. opposition to the party. and combines the post of President and Chancellor = Fuhrer. Purge To get rid of opposition. 8 1934 August. The German army swear an oath of loyalty to Hitler. Sicherheitsdienst Intelligence body of the Nazi Party. 9 1936. Unified police and security force under Hitler’s control. (SD) 10 1938. 16 army generals are removed from their posts. Key people. Key concepts. Pastor Niemoller Head of the Confessional Church. Outspoken Removal –From 1933 to 1934, Hitler removed all opposition and established against the Nazi regime. himself as Fuhrer. Marinus van der Communist blamed for the Reichstag fire. Control –There was an attempt to control and influence attitudes. This was Lubbe done by propaganda and terror. Ernst Rohm Leader of the SA Opposition –The youth and the churches opposed the regime. Reinhard Heydrich Head of the SD (Security Services)

Gleichschaltung – A way of controlling all art and culture so that it was consistent with Nazi ideas.

Knowledge Organiser: Unit 3, Weimar and Nazi Germany 1918 – 39. Summary. Part 4: Life in Nazi Germany 1933 – 39.

The lives of German citizens were changed after Hitler’s appointment as Key words Chancellor. For some, life was better under the Nazis but for others, it was much worse. Autobahn Motorway Autarky Self sufficiency Beauty of Labour Government action to improve working conditions Key events. Eintopf One pot dish 1 1933 Boycott of Jewish shops and businesses. Herrenvolk Master race of Aryans Law for the Encouragement of marriage and sterilisation passed. Invisible Nazi unemployment figures di not include women, 2 1935 Nuremburg Laws passed. unemployment Jews, opponents or unmarried men under 25. Conscription introduced. Kinder, Kurche, Children, Kitchen, Church. Nazi ideal of 3 1936 Membership of the Hitler Youth made compulsory. Kirche womanhood. 4 1936 Olympic Games held in Berlin. Krystallnacht ‘Night of Broken Glass’. Nazi organised attack on 5 1938 Jewish children no longer allowed to attend German schools. the Jewish community. Seen as a green light to Krystallnacht the escalation of violence against them. Lebensborn Programme Lebensborn Unmarried Aryan women impregnated by SS men. 6 1939 Euthanasia Programme Lebensraum Expansion of land Designated Jewish ghettos set up. Motherhood Cross Award given to women depending on how many children they had. Napola New schools designed to train the future leaders Key concepts. of Germany. Nazi teachers All teachers had to swear an oath of loyalty to Anti-Semitism–Persecution of the Jews grew continuously after 1933. League Hitler.

Nuremburg Laws Definition of the Jew for the first time. Jews Young–The Nazis placed much emphasis on controlling the young as only stripped of their citizenship rights and forbidden then could they secure a ‘thousand year Reich’. Youth organisations and to marry non-Jews. education indoctrinated the German youth. Rearmament Building of the armed forces in preparation for

war. Women –The Nazis had traditional family values but even these were tested Reich labour RAD. Scheme to provide manual labour (work) for by the needs of war and the desire to ensure a growing Aryan population. Service unemployed men under 25

Strength Through Government attempt to provide leisure Living Standards –The Nazis did reduce unemployment but they did this by Joy opportunities for workers’. banning Jews and women from the workplace and by putting Germany on a Volksgemeinshaft People’s community (Nazi) war footing. Workers had limited rights. Volkswagon Peoples’ car