Knowledge Organiser Year 9:
Key Literary Vocabulary: Grid drawing: Colour Theory:: The primary colours are the three main colours. They Media/Medium Grid drawing allows you to copy and enlarge an image cannot be made but when mixed together they make all The materials and tools used by an artist to create a piece accurately. You must ensure you draw your grid to the correct other colours. of art. measurements before transferring your image across. If your The secondary colours are made by mixing two primary Technique grid is not accurate your drawing will not be successful colours together The skill in which an artist uses tools and materials to The tertiary colours are made by mixing a primary and create a piece of art. secondary colour together Abstract A piece of art which is not realistic. It uses shapes colours and textures. Style The technique an artist uses to expressive their individual character of there work. Composition The arrangement and layout of artwork/objects. Highlight Complementary colours are opposite on the colour The bright or reflective area within a drawing/painting wheel they contrast each other to have a vibrant look where direct light meets the surface of the object or To make a colour lighter you add white, this is called a person. tint. Shadow, shade, shading To make a colour darker you add black, this is called a The tonal and darker areas within a drawing/painting Enlarging an image: shade. where there is less light on the object or person. Texture Grid drawing is a really useful technique to use when you want The feel, appearance or the tactile quality of the work of to enlarge an image. To do this you must ensure you have the art same number of squares on each grid but enlarge the 'Warm' colours, attract attention and are generally Mark making dimensions on your larger scale drawing. This is a technical perceived as energetic or exciting. Mark making is used to create texture within a piece of skill where you will have to use your mathematical knowledge 'Cool' colours, are generally perceived as soothing and art by drawing lines and patterns. to calculate the size of the grid. calm Perspective Perspective allows artists to trick the eye into seeing depth on a flat surface. This creates the illusion of 3D drawing . Knowledge Organiser: HT2 Y9 –Writers’ Viewpoints and Perspectives
Rhetorical Devices (AFORREST): Different text types and features (AO5) Structuring Your Argument (AO5) • Alliteration - the occurrence of the same letter or Informal letters: a letter that is Articles for newspapers and Introducing I think that… sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely written to a friend or a member of magazines: written to inform, Your I strongly believe that… connected words. your family. persuade and entertain. Argument It is clear that… It is undeniable that… • Fact - a thing that is known or proved to be true. Formal letters: a letter written to a Speech: written to persuade, inform I ask you to consider… • Opinion - a view or judgement formed about person you may not know or who and entertain. In my opinion,… something, not necessarily based on fact or you may know in a more formal way. Developing Furthermore,… knowledge. Leaflets: written to inform, advise Essay: usually written to argue or Your In addition to… • Rhetorical Question - a question asked in order to and persuade. explain. Argument Moreover,… create a dramatic effect or to make a point rather Firstly,… than to get an answer. The most compelling reason • Repetition - repeating the same words or phrases Big Ideas… is… Without doubt,… a few times to make an idea clearer and more Sexism, Inequality, Gender, Racism, Admitting While some people may memorable. Counter- think that… • Emotive Language - words or phrases that change Politics, Brexit, Trump, Labour vs Tory, Hope, Arguments I acknowledge that… the feel of a sentence through evoking a particular I can understand that… Time’s Up, emotional reaction from the reader. I appreciate that… Harassment, Consent, • Statistics - numbers or facts that are used to It is unfortunately true that… Poverty… I concede that … provide convincing information Countering However,… • Triplets - three related words or points presented Useful Phrases Whereas,… in quick succession for literary effect Despite… In my experience… As far as I'm concerned… Speaking G.A.P.S. In fact,… for myself… In my opinion… Personally, I think… I'd say Conversely,… Genre: what type of text should you be writing? that… I'd suggest that… I'd like to point out that… I On the other hand… Audience: who will be reading your text? believe that… What I mean is… It is thought that... Some Purpose: the purpose of your text, i.e. to Conclusion In summary,… people say that... It is considered... It is generally To conclude,… convince. accepted that... Finally,… Style: the chosen writing style, i.e. informal. Ultimately,… NUTRIENTS Year 9 - Food, Nutrition & Cookery Carbohydrates: • How do we keep safe in the food room? The 4 C’s = Four simple rules that will Sources? • What hygienic practices must we follow? help you to stay safe and hygienic in the Types – what are they made up of? • Knife safety kitchen: How are they used in the body? • Uses of the cooker (hob + oven) •Cleaning. • Weighing and measuring •Cooking. Fat + sugar: • How to store food correctly in the fridge •Cross contamination. Saturated and unsaturated fat •Chilling. Sources? What is it important to weigh and measure What are they required for in the body? ingredients accurately? What 6 nutritional facts can be found Amounts required? What can happen if we don’t? on food labels? Effect on the body if too much consumed?
What are the different types of food How do you What are the recommended Protein: poisoning? hygienically wash your calories for male and female? Sources? Where does the bacteria come from? hands in preparation What are they required for in the body? What are the symptoms? for cooking and food What is meant by the purpose How can it be prevented? handling? of ingredients in a recipe? What is a balanced diet? Vitamins: Sources? What is a risk assessment? Why do we need one? What is contamination? How do we avoid this? What are they required for in the body? Key words: Minerals: Peeling = remove the outer covering or skin from (a fruit, vegetable, or prawn) What are minerals? Slicing = using a knife to cut into slices What are they required for in the body? Weighing = using measuring scales to accurately measure an amount of food Measuring = using a jug for example to measure an amount of liquid or food Boiling = cooking in water at or near boiling point. Explain why it is important to follow Simmering = cooking in water just below boiling point, while bubbling gently. these 5 rules? Coring = remove the tough central part and seeds from (a fruit). Creaming method = Also known as the 'sugar-shortening' method, the sugar and shortening fat are blended What is dietary fibre? together first and then creamed by added mixing. Why is it important? Rubbing in method = the process of rubbing fat (butter, lard, margarine) into flour with your finger tips. What is a composite dish? Bridge = a safe method to use a knife Claw = a safe method to use a knife Kneading = work moistened flour into dough or paste with the hands. Freezing = method of preserving food by lowering the temperature to inhibit microorganism growth Frying = to cook food in hot fat or oil, typically in a shallow pan. Mashing = reduce food to a pulpy mass by crushing it Whisking = beat or stir with a light, rapid movement. Refrigerating = he process of subjecting food or drink to cold in order to chill or preserve it. Key dates. Weimar/Nazi Germany: topic 2, Hitler’s rise to power, 1919 Hitler joins German Workers Party. 1919-1933.
1920 Twenty Five Point programme. Key terms. 1921 SA formed. DAP German Workers Party – later the NSDAP, or ‘Nazi’ party. Right wing 1923 Munich Putsch – Hitler arrested. Nationalists. 1924 Hitler writes ‘Mein Kampf’ in prison. Twenty Five A set of 25 beliefs and policies that the Nazis would introduce if elected. Point It included anti-Semitic points. 1926 Bamberg conference – Fuhrerprinzip. Programme 1929 WallStreet Crash. SA Hitler’s private army, ‘brownshirts’. 1930 Nazis win 107 seats in September elections. Munich Hitler’s failed attempt to seize power in Munich. Gave the Nazi’s Putsch publicity. 1932 Unemployment = 5 million / Nazis win 230 seats. Mein Kampf Meaning ‘my struggle’ – book written by Hitler in prison outlining his 1933 Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany. vision for making Germany strong internationally. Bamberg Held to establish the idea of Fuhrerprinzip – the Fuhrer as sole leader. Key people. Conference Anton Drexler Founded party, co-wrote 25 points. Unemployme Reached 5 million in 1932, 6 million in 1933. Many turned to extreme nt parties. Adolf Hitler Leader of the NSDAP (Nazi Party). Communist Many workers supported Communist party. Businesses supported Nazis Ernst Rohm Leader of SA. Killed by Hitler in 1934. Party and as a result and funded Hitler’s campaign. General Heroic German commander from Ludendorff WW1.Supported Munich Putsch. Nazi appeal Hitler promised ‘work and bread’, gave stirring speeches and held large rallies. Hindenburg President of Germany until 1934. Propaganda Posters said that Hitler was ‘Germany’s only hope’ of fixing economic Josef Goebbels Nazi Minister for propaganda. problems. Bruning Chancellor of Germany – early 1932. Chancellor Leader of Germany, many politicians believed Hitler could be controlled. Von Papen Chancellor of Germany – May 1932. ‘Backstairs Rivalry and mistakes by Hindenburg/Van Papen/Von Schleicher meant Von Schleicher Chancellor of Germany – Dec 1932. intrigue’ that Hitler became Chancellor. Key words The problem of evil
Omnipotent – all powerful • If God was all-powerful, wouldn't he stop natural disasters? • If God was all-loving, wouldn't he stop suffering? Omniscient – all knowing and seeing • If God was all-knowing, wouldn't he know that people were going to do something evil and stop them? Omnibenevolent – all loving Christian responses to the problem of evil Moral evil – evil and suffering caused by humans – e.g.; murder • God has given people free will. He gave them the Ten Commandments. It is then up to human beings to decide whether or not to follow God's instructions. Natural evil – evil and suffering caused by nature – e.g.; hurricane • God has a plan for people's lives that they may not always understand. Christians should trust and have faith in God's plan. Genocide – the mass killing of a • God wants people to follow the example of Jesus and help those who are suffering. Christians also pray for those who group of people, usually a particular suffer and try to help them. nation or ethnic group. • Evil and suffering in this life is a preparation for heaven. Evil and suffering give people a chance to become better ISIS - stands for Islamic State in people and improve their souls. They believe that God will reward them in heaven. Iraq and Syria and is an extremist militant group. Genocide The fall
Ten Commandments – 10 rules given Genocide is understood by most to be the Many Christians believe gravest crime against humanity it is possible by God to Moses that Jews and that evil is the result to commit. Christians have to follow. of Adam and Eve's It is the mass extermination of a whole disobedience to God. In Persecution - hostility and ill- group of people, an attempt to wipe them the Garden of Eden, treatment, especially because of out of existence. Adam and Eve ate the race or political or religious beliefs. This topic we will look at the historical events of the Holocaust where the Nazis forbidden fruit. God Anti-Semitic - hostile behaviour to persecuted the Jews, the Rwandan genocide punished Adam and Eve or prejudiced against Jews. where the Hutu’s killed the Tutsis and for their actions, and the punishment was to Aryan race – Hitler’s idea of a finally the genocide that is happening today master race; blonde hair and blue in Iraq and Syria where ISIS are hunting endure suffering in eyes. the Yazidis. life. This is known Finally, we will consider what this means for as 'the fall'. those who believe in God. Knowledge Organiser: Year 9 Unit 2 Spanish
Las fiestas Gramática Preguntas Claves: El Año Nuevo – New year El Pretérito ¿ Cuál es tu opinión sobre las fiestas en Inglaterra ? – What is your opinion on Las castañuelas – castanets 1st person festivals in England? la corrida- bullfight Find infinitive Las costumbres – customs Take off AR + é ¿Qué piensas de las fiestas españoles ? – What do you think of Spanish El Día de los Muertos – Day of the Dead Take off ER/IR +í festivals? El Día de los Reyes – Epiphany, 6th January (when Spanish children recieve their ¿Qué diferencias notas entre la vida española y la vida en Inglaterra ? – What Christmas presents) El Imperfecto st differences have you noticed between life in Spain and in other countries? El día festive – public holiday 1 person La feria – fair Find infinitive Descríbe una fiesta que atendiste – Describe a festival that you attended. La fiesta – festival Take off AR + aba El juguete – toy Take off ER/IR +ís Navidad – Christmas Nochebuena – Christmas Eve Nochevieja – New Year’s Eve Verbos Claves Gramática Papá Noel – Father Christmas Comer – to eat La Pascua – Easter Key Verbs Beber – to drink Los Reyes Magos – the Three Kings Fui – I went Dar- to give El santo – saint Fuimos – We went Salir – to go out La Semana Santa – Easter Week Visitar – to celebrate Había – There was La Tomatina – Tomato throwing festival Disfrutar – to enjoy Habían – There were Bailar – to dance Era – It was Cantar – to sing Eran – They were Decorar – to decorate Me gusto – I liked it Charlar – to chat Recibir - receive Knowledge Organiser: Year 9 Geography 1B Natural Hazards Comparing Earthquakes – Nepal (LIC) and Japan (HIC) Effects of Tectonic Hazards Nepal. April 2015. Magnitude 7.8. Sendai, Japan March 2011. Magnitude 7.3. Primary effects happen immediately. Secondary effects happen as a result of the primary effects and are therefore often later. Primary Effects Primary - Earthquakes Secondary - Earthquakes 9000 deaths Few deaths from EQ 23000 injured Minor damage to buildings, roads and infrastructure - Property and buildings destroyed. - Business reduced as money spent repairing Over 500,000 homes destroyed - People injured or killed. property. Historic buildings including Dharahara Tower fell - Ports, roads, railways damaged. - Blocked transport hinders emergency 26 hospitals and 50% of schools destroyed - Pipes (water and gas) and electricity services. Secondary Effects cables broken. - Broken gas pipes cause fire. - Broken water pipes lead to a lack of fresh Avalanche on Mount Everest killing 19 people. Triggered a 10 metre high tsunami. Loss of income from tourism (which was 8.9% of Nepal’s Sea wall dropped, allowing the tsunami wave to flow 10 water. GDP). miles inland. Primary - Volcanoes Secondary - Volcanoes Rice seed stored in homes was ruined as homes collapsed. 15,000+ people killed by tsnuami This caused food shortages. 300,000 buildings destroyed - Property and farm land destroyed. - Economy slows down. Emergency services Immediate Responses - People and animals killed or injured. struggle to arrive. - Air travel halted due to volcanic ash. - Possible flooding if ice melts Tourism can Nepal requested international help. Emergency aid such as food, medicine and water flown UK’s DEC raised $126 million. into most effected regions. - Water supplies contaminated. increase as people come to watch. Red Cross- tents for 225,000 people. Nuclear powerplant shut down amid fears of radioactive - Ash breaks down leading to fertile farm UN and WHO distributed medical supplies to the worst leak from sea water contmaination land. districts. Facebook launched a safety feature so people could indicate Usually LICs suffer more than HICs from natural Distribution of Along plate boundaries. disasters because they are not as prepared and they were safe. tectonic activity On the edge of continents. struggle to react effectively. However, a secondary Long term responses Around the edge of the Pacific. effect of a tsunami is very difficult to prepare for and so the HIC was severely effected. Very few Rebuilding. Continue to monitor. deaths from the earthquale directly World Heritage Sites reopen June 2015. Continue to prepare. Longer climbing season. Continue to have building regulations. Reducing the impact of tectonic hazards Responses to Tectonic Hazards Monitoring Prediction Immediate (short term) Long-term Seismometers measure earth By observing monitoring data, this movement. can allow evacuation before event. - Issue warnings if possible. - Repair and re-build properties Volcanoes give off gases. - Rescue teams search for and infrastructure. survivors. - Improve building regulations Protection Planning - Treat injured. - Restore utilities. Reinforced buildings and making Avoid building in at risk areas. - Provide food and shelter, food - Resettle locals elsewhere. building foundations that absorb Training for emergency services and - Develop opportunities for movement. and planned evacuation routes drink. recovery of economy. Automatic shut offs for gas and and drills. - Recover bodies. - Install monitoring technology. electricity. - Extinguish fires. Knowledge Organiser: Year 9 Autumn 2 10 Key Words Definition 5 Facts Angles Factor Numbers that divide exactly into another Angles on a number around a point add up straight line add Multiples The result of multiplying a number by a to 360˚ up to 180˚ whole number Alternate Vertically Parallel lines Lines that are the same distance apart and angles are opposite equal never touch angles are equal Perpendicular lines Lines that are at right angles (90˚) to each Corresponding other angles are equal Expression A mathematical statement written using symbols, numbers or letters. (eg. 2푥 + 3) 5 Formulae Equation A statement showing that two expressions are Equation of a straight line: 푦 = 푚푥 + 푐 equal (eg. 2푥 + 3 = 13) Identity An equation that is true no matter what Co-ordinate: ( 푥 푣푎푙푢푒, 푦 푣푎푙푢푒) values are chosen (eg. 2푥 ≡ 푥 + 푥) 퐶ℎ푎푛𝑔푒 𝑖푛 푦 Gradient: Variable A symbol for a number that we don’t know 퐶ℎ푎푛𝑔푒 𝑖푛 푥 yet. Normally a letter like 푥 or 푦 푎푑푑 푡ℎ푒 푥 푐표−표푟푑𝑖푛푎푡푒푠 푎푑푑 푡ℎ푒 푦 푐표−표푟푑𝑖푛푎푡푒푠 Coefficient A number used to multiply a variable (eg. 6z = Midpoint of a line: ( , ) 6 multiplied by 6, so 6 is the coefficient) 2 2 Gradient The steepness of a straight line If a line has a gradient of m, then the perpendicular line has a −1 gradient of 푚 KS3 Knowledge Organiser: Year 9 Recording
Types of microphone: MIDI: Types of lead: • Condenser • XLR • Very sensitive – MIDI is an acronym that stands for Musical Instrument • Used primarily for microphones breaks easily Digital Interface. It's a way to connect devices that make • Used for acoustic and control sound — such as synthesizers, samplers, and instruments and computers — so that they can communicate with each recording vocals other, using MIDI messages. • Jack lead • Used primarily for instruments Types of effects: • Compression – regulates the loudness of the track • Reverb – recreates sound echo of different room sizes • EQ – filtering the frequency range of the track
• Dynamic • Very robust – hard to Structure break The structure differs from Pop music. It • Use mainly for stage includes two verses at the start so that more and live of the story can be told: performances Intro Verse Verse Chorus Verse Bridge Chorus Outro MR BRANDY Year 9 Product Design
D&T Products that have a British Standards QUALITY SYSTEMS Institute (BSI) Kite Mark stamped on them, have been checked for safety and quality of manufacture, by the TOLERANCE BSI. The Institute carries out strict tests, that have been designed to Checking that a product is manufactured within an upper and lower limit. ensure that the product is safe and Example: Thousands of steel bolts are manufactured by a company. Samples has been manufactured to a high are check that they are the correct size. Each bolt must fall within a standard. The BSI Kite Mark is maximum and minimum length. respected throughout the world. If a product being tested meet British Standards, the manufacturer is issued with a licence, allowing the use of the Kite Mark. QUALITY CONTROL Quality checks by the workers on the production line. Applies to products in the QUALITY ASSURANCE Testing the product to see that it works properly. European Community Visual checks and computer / sensor checks. Manufacturers must ensure that Administrative system (paper work). their products at least meet these minimum standards or risk having Includes: staff training, surveying customers regarding the their products removed from the quality of the product. Monitoring workers checking the shelves of retailers throughout quality of manufacture on the production line.. Europe.
The Lion Mark is truly a consumer symbol. It means that consumers can be assured that a toy which bears the Lion Mark has been made by a member who believes in making good quality, safe toys Year 9 BASKETBALL Knowledge Organiser
Key Skills
Vocabulary Referee Signals
• Dribbling
• Chest Pass
• Bounce Pass
• Set Shot Double Lay – up technique = 2 points Dribble • Lay up
• Jump shot Key Words/Phrases
• Pivot Triple Threat Position - Knees bent/hands positioned on ball so ready to shoot/head up/can dribble, pass or shoot from here Main Rules Attacking - Dribble into space/screen defenders/dribble out wide and quick inward passes/drive towards ball to 1. The games consists of 2 teams with 5 players on court. receive pass losing defender/overload zone defence 2. Aim to score as many hoops, shooting through the hoop, as you can in the time allocated. Defending - Man to man/knees bent/back straight/head up/arms out/watch opponents belly-button. Zone 3. Players cannot travel with the ball or perform a double dribble marking/team defence around the key/take up positions around key when possession is lost 4. Players cannot hold the ball for longer than 5 seconds 5. If ball goes out of play then a side line ball is taken from the opposite team. Rebounding – Involves maintaining possession after a shot has been taken. The team who has the most number 6. Once the offense (attacking team) has brought the ball across of rebounds after the game has more shot attempts and chances to score. the mid-court line, they cannot go back across the line during possession. Offense - is the only chance that the team has a shot at the basket and scoring. 7. Fouls are given for hitting, holding or pushing an opponent. 8. If a player fouls the shooter, then 1-3 free throws can be Defence – This is the prevention of a scoring opportunity or possession intervention. awarded (each 1 point). Service is the most important shot in badminton. RULES OF BADMINTON Badminton Grip: Low Serve You need to apply correct grip for each shot being played. There are 2 basic types of • Here are some of the rules of the game of badminton: grip: Forehand: • The game is played up to 21 points. If the score reaches 20- - Stand behind the service line 20, the winner is the player or team with a two point - Sideways stance, lead with your non-racket leg , weight on your back advantage foot • If the score goes up to 29-29, the winner is first to reach 30 - Bring your racket back to waist level - Swing forward, pushing the shuttle low over the net points. Backhand: • The service must be made diagonally across court
- Lead with your racket leg, non racket leg slightly behind with your feet • The server must serve the shuttlecock with the head of the pointing forward racket below waist height. - Short backswing then bring the racket forward • A shuttle landing on the line is in. - Hold the shuttle in front of your waist level • If a shuttle hits the net either on service or during a rally, play - Push the shuttle, keeping it low continues. High Serve: • A player may not make contact with the net with either the - Played with a forehand underarm action racket or their body - Sideways stance, lead with your non-racket leg , weight on your back • foot The shuttle must be contacted on the player’s own side of the - Bring your racket back (to almost shoulder level) and swing forward net. - Drop the shuttle slightly out in front of your body and hit it with power • One touch of the shuttle on your own side to make sure it reaches the back of the court Singles: Clears • You must serve from the right service court when you have Clears can be played overhead or underarm, they both move your no points or an even number of points. opponent to the back of the court. The action is similar to throwing a • You must serve from the left service court when you have an ball. odd number of points. - Forehand grip • Points are awarded to the winner of each rally. - Sideways stance to the net, weight on your back foot • - Bend your elbow and take the racket back You lose service if you fail to return the shuttlecock, hit it out - Contact the shuttle as high as possible and in front of court or into the net. of your body, straighten your elbow as you hit the shuttle • If the shuttle hits the ground within the boundary the point is - Follow through with your racket, weight is transferred awarded to the player who hits the shuttle. to front foot Singles Court: Long and thin Doubles: Smash Doubles Court: Short and fat • In doubles, the player on the right always starts the serve
The smash is an attacking shot, a good smash is un-returnable. It is hit and, when a point is won, the players switch sides and then with power and speed, downward towards your opponent’s court serves from the left, continuing to alternate until a serve is - Forehand grip lost - Sideways stance to the net, weight on your back foot • - Bend your elbow and take the racket back After service you can hit the shuttle anywhere in the entire - Contact the shuttle as high as possible and in front of your body using a court. strong throwing action, - Straighten your elbow as you hit the shuttle, snap down your wrist at Badminton – Knowledge Organiser the point of impact to add extra power and angle HANDBALL
RULES THROWING TECHNIQUE is http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uELMbK6oe_4 • One handed throw • 7 players per team with 1 nominated goalkeeper • Elbow as high or higher (maximum of 12 players may participate in a game for than the shoulder each team. Substitutes may enter the game at any time CATCHING THE BALL Catching the ball is an essential through own substitution area as long as the player they technical element in handball. Accurate catching is very are replacing has left the court. important and ensures a fast, smooth and efficient • It is illegal to keep the ball in a team's possession without game. Catching the ball with two hands is the best method. In some situations one can use one hand with making a recognisable attempt to attack and to try to the help of the other hand before passing or score. In other words, a team cannot slow down (free- shooting. Position of hands while catching a ball “Make throw awarded to the other team). a W” • No player except the GK is allowed in the goal area (unless both feet are off the floor) SHOOTING is performed similarly to passing, but with a stronger action of the upper body. The shot power is A player is allowed conditioned by the distance and hand action time on a ball. • To run 3 steps with the ball The most common shots are:‐ DRIVE SHOT & JUMP SHOT • To hold the ball for 3 seconds • Perform unlimited dribble with 3 steps before and after dribbling (NO DOUBLE DRIBBLE) A player is not allowed: Blocking is a way of stopping a shot. Its abut ✓ To endanger an opponent with the ball. making yourself as big as possible and by putting ✓ To pull, hit or punch the ball out of the hands of an opponent. your arms up in the air or as wide as possible ✓ To contact the ball below the knee. depending on where the shot is coming from. ✓ To dive on the floor for a rolling or stationary ball. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=elQxJBDtQXE 4 ) + + ) + (s) MgSO aq O 2 ) MgO aq ( KOH ( KOH O 4Na O 4 O 2 2 2 H (g) Na SO + water + Uses Electronics, composites nanotubes: Caron nanotechnology, electronics, materials 2H 2 2 2 (g) O (l) 2 2 2 2 2 +O balanced + + O 2 ) +H ) (g) magnesium sulphate magnesium 2 2 aq E.g. chlorine and Hydrogen form to together react chloride. hydrogen of 5g and hydrogen of 5g If together, react chlorine of (5g+5g) 10g be will there produced chloride hydrogen Example: 1. H balancedNOT 2H IS 2. +O Na balancedNOT 2O + 4Na balanced Is Example Magnesium+oxygen oxide magnesium +O (s) Mg Potassium + hydroxide potassium hydrogen (s)+H K H acid sulphuric + Magnesium hydrogen +H (s) Mg ( spherical – 60 \ cylindrical cylindrical of atoms of like the the like – aluminium + lithium bromide lithium + aluminium no reaction no metal) salt + hydrogen + salt seem fullerene, C fullerene, - metal oxide metal + + hydrogen metal hydroxide hydroxide metal metal Count number Count left on element each of of side hand right and equation same the NOT are If to need side, each on equation the balance numbers BIG addOnly each of FRONTin compound/element, number small never afterwards a gas is produced and produced is gas a No atoms are lost or made or lost are atomsNo reaction. chemicala during of mass = products of the Mass reactants. the If mayit escaped, decreased. has mass the equation symbola In each of atoms of numbers of the side on each elements be equal.must equation Rules: 1. 2. 3. Details graphite. of layer Single shapes. hollowwith carbon of Molecules Buckminster e.g. nanotubes Carbon e.g. length high very with fullerenes ratios diameter to Word equation Word oxygen + Metal water + Metal ______acid + Metal compound ionican is salt NB: to non bonded (metal - the removal of oxygen from a compound. a from oxygen of removal the the addition of oxygen to an element. element. an to oxygen of addition the \ of of Law of of Law conserva tion mass Balancing equations React React with Oxygen Water Acid A more reactive metal with displace (swap with) a less reactive metal reactive (swap with)withametal displace less reactive more A a compound. in a compound! in wantsto be metalsreactive more The e.g. it: displace will it so than aluminium reactive more is 1) Lithium bromide + aluminium Lithium Lithium:displace won’t it so lithium thanreactive less is 2) Potassium bromide lithium + Potassium Material Graphene Fullerenes Oxidation: Reduction: – HT2 HT2 (Autumn 2) bonds - Chemistry Chemistry – Unreactive metals (e.g. gold) occur naturally in their pure form. pure their in naturallyoccur gold) (e.g. metals Unreactive compound. ain occurnaturally metals of Majority compound. the from metal the (obtain) “extract”to ways are methods Extraction Reactivity 7. (see carbon with reactingby oxides their from extractedare carbon than reactive LESS are that Metals Reactions) Displacement 8. and Series series. reactivity the in down lower is copper because carbon using by oxide copper from extracted is copper E.g. electrons electrons
\ - points can transfer thermal energy thermal transfer can forces between the molecules the between forces electrons nor are the molecules the are nor electrons is the is each carbon atom is delocalised is atomcarbon each is bonded with three carbon atoms carbon three with bonded is formed four strong covalent bonds bonds covalent strong four formed bonds between positive ionic lattice and and latticeionic positive between bonds particles) cannot move cannot particles) and boiling points boiling and electrons are charge carriers charge are electrons for property for covalent bonds hold the oxygen and silicon and oxygen the hold bonds covalent are held together by strong electrostatic forces forces electrostatic by strong together held are Ions (charged Ions move to free are particles) (charged Ions melting Low intermolecular Weak free/delocalised No charged covalent strong by others to linkedare atomsAll atom carbon Each atoms carbon other with delocalised) (no free No When atoms. between bonds covalent strong are There four all causes it vibrates atoms carbonone to vibrate atoms neighbouring atom carbon Each weakare There structure. layereda in resulting they meaning layers the between forces intermolecular other each over slide easily can from electronOne Strong together atoms delocalised) (no free No metallic Strong electrons delocalised Delocalised electrons Delocalised Reason melting high have They Ions forces these overcome to needed is energy lotof a Metals react to form form react to Metals a metalIf ions. positive the reactive, more is can lose it easier The electrons. Reactivity series of order in placed metals (carbon reactivity their non are hydrogen and often are butmetals the series). in included solid the higher higher the sulfates AQA AQA Combined Science (Trilogy) – salt + + water salt boiling points boiling acid produces produces acid metal chloride + water + chloride metal dioxide + carbon conductors electricity when molten or in or molten whenelectricity hydrochloric acid produces produces acid hydrochloric chlorides nitrates, produces acidnitric sulfuric \ at room temperature atroom electrical not conduct electricityconductnot metal chloride + water + chloride metal More detail More alkali/base + 1. Acid e.g. hydroxide metal + acid Hydrochloric carbonatemetal + Acid 2. dioxide carbon + + water salt metal + acid hydrochloric e.g. carbonate ______e.g.: - Do not conduct electricity whenelectricityconduct not Do conductDo solution temperature room at gases or Liquids points boiling andmelting Low molecules the the larger NB: (intermolecular point melting/boiling the molecule) of size with increases force electricityconduct notDo Solid point boiling and melting High Hard Does conductivity thermal High slippery and Soft electricityConducts Hard electricityconductnot Does points boiling and melting High Good thermal Good Properties temperature at room Solid and melting High Knowledge Organiser Knowledge Organiser – 3 4 2 2 O 2 O HCl are Type of acid of Type ion Positive alkali, the in or base carbonate alloys Year 9 Year bromide oxide Calcium Cl Chlorine Oxygen H Water CH Methane NH Ammonia Hydrochloric acid Diamond Graphite dioxide Silicon metalsAll All Example Sodium chloride Lithium Statement Acids by: neutralised (soluble 1. alkalis hydroxides) metal by bases and metal(insoluble hydroxides) Metals 2. carbonates produced salt The the in neutralisation depends reaction on: - - NB. Bases and alkalis are both defined by their hydroxide ions. ions. hydroxide by their defined both are alkalis and Bases NB. insoluble are bases whilesoluble are alkalis is: difference The Simple covalent Simple molecules covalent Giant lattice Regular arrangement of (lattice) ions positive together held strong by electrostatic to attraction delocalised electrons Structure ionic Giant lattice dissolves, it dissolves, 14. 14. ions - is alkaline because alkaline is - + NaCl is acidic because it because acidic is - continuous scales from from scales continuous NaOH – HCl colourless in acid, pink in pink acid,in colourless red in acid, orange in alkaliin orange acid,in red metal ion metal – - and Cl and – + acid Electrostatic attraction the between delocalised and electrons metal positive ions Bond Strong electrostatic between force metal positive negative andion non (or pair shared A of pairs) multiple electrons atoms between the most acidic most the nor acidic (neither neutral – – the most alkaline. most the hydroxide sodium chloride sodium - \ metal. pH of 0 of pH 7 of pH alkaline) 14pH indicator of 1) Types indictor Universal to (neutral) green to acidic) (most red alkaline) (more purple Phenolphthalein alkali orange Methyl More detail More When Na in up splits Sodium OH hydroxide containsit Hydrochloric H ions hydrogen contains 0 from runs scalespH The metal - - Metals in Metals shell outer are delocalised are so and move to free throughout whole the structure Movement of of Movement electrons Electrons transferred outer from metal of shell shell outer to non of ion metal Both non & full have ion shell outer share Atoms of pairs electrons make - make metals - - + a digital metre digital a changes colour changes - Metals (elements) Alloys (mixtures metals) of Occurs between and Metals non Non metals ions OH ions ions H ions scale tells us how acidic or or acidichow us tells scale Metallic Type of of Type bonding Ionic Covalent 1.)An indicator 1.)An in is it whetheron depending solution alkaline or acidican probe pH A 2) a on pH the display than screen Hydroxide alkaline solutions Hydrogen acidic solutions pH is something alkaline using: pH the Measure Statement in dissolves compound a When up) (splits dissociates it water, ions individual its into Year 9 – Knowledge Organiser – AQA Combined Science (Trilogy) – Chemistry - HT2 (Autumn 2)
Soluble salts can be made by reacting: Oxidation Loss of electrons Equations to know: • Acid with 3 Reduction Gain of electrons Concentration (mol/dm ) = amount of substance (mol) • Solid insoluble substances (e.g. metals, metal volume (dm3) oxides, hydroxides or carbonates) Redox Chemical reaction where both Procedure: reaction reduction and oxidation 1.Add solid to acid until no more of the solid reacts with occurs Moles = Concentration x Volume the acid Example: 2. Filter the excess solid (unreacted solid) Fe + Cu2+ Cu +Fe2+ 3. The filtrate is a solution of the soluble salt • Fe has lost two electrons 4. The salt produced can be retrieved by crystallisation to form Fe2+, so Fe has been oxidised • Cu2+ has gained two electrons to form Cu, so 2+ No atoms are gained or lost in a chemical reaction (see 5. Cu has been reduced Conservation of Mass). Yet, cannot always obtained the amount What is electrolysis? Electrolysis is the process by which ionic substances are decomposed of product calculated because: (broken down) into simpler substances when an electric current is passed - Reaction may be reversible Ionic Chemical equation showing only through them. - Some product may be lost when separated from reaction equation the ions that are involved in mixture displacement reaction What happens to the The are free to move - Reactant may react in a different\ way to expected reaction motion of ions when melted or in solution? Yield: the actual amount of product obtained Half An ionic equation focusing on equation ONE species including the Percentage yield: amount of product obtained compared to What happens when Ions are charged therefore the: maximum theoretical amount. electrons that are transferred electricity is passed - Cations (positive ions) move towards the cathode (negative Equation to know: (An ionic equation can be split through the solution or electrode) Percentage yield (%) = mass of product actually made into two half equations one molten ionic compound? - Anions (negative ions) move towards the anode (positive electrode) maximum theoretical amount of product for species that gain electrons What do you call the ions Electrolytes and one for species that lose) in solution that conduct Spectator Ions that do not change their electricity? ion electronic state (ionic charge) Strong acid Completely dissociate (split up into ions) in when What happens once the Ions are discharged – forming elements dissolved in water during the reaction. ions get to the Spectator ions are NOT Examples of Hydrochloric acid, HCl electrodes? (aq) included in the ionic equation strong acids Sulfuric acid, H2SO4(aq) What is produced at the Non-metal is produced Nitric acid, HNO 3(aq) Example Word equation: anode? (Anions transfer electrons onto the anode) + - Example: HCl HCl(g) + aq H (aq)+Cl (aq) Potassium + lithium chloride What is produced at the Metal is produced potassium chloride + lithium cathode? (Cations gain electrons from the cathode) Weak acid Partially dissociate\ in aqueous solution (spectator ion: Cl-, species involved in displacement: Examples of Ethanoic acid Electrolyte Ions (molten or in solution) that weak acids Citric acid potassium and lithium) are free to move and can Carbonic acid Symbol equation: K + LiCl KCl + Li therefore pass electricity - + through them Example: CH3COOH(aq) CH3COO (aq) + H (aq) Ionic equation: Ethanoic acid The double arrow here shows that there is only partial + + Electrode The conductors through which dissociation – some of the molecules stay as CH COOH K + Li K + Li 3 electrical current is transferred - Half equation for potassium – instead of its ionic form CH3COO . potassium loses one electron to to the ionic solution or molten ionic compound form potassium ion: For a fixed concentration: stronger the acid, lower the pH. K – e- K+ (OR K K+ + e-) Anode Positive electrode As the pH decreases by one unit, the hydrogen ion concentration Half equation for lithium – Cathode Negative electrode of the solution increases by a factor of 10. lithium ion gains one electron to form lithium: Anion Negatively charged particles Li+ + e- Li Cation Positively charged particles Metals can be extracted from molten compounds using electrolysis. This technique is used if the metal is too Discharge Transferal of charge (electrons) O xidation R education reactive to be extracted by reduction with carbon or if at an electrode result in ion I s I s the metal reacts with carbon. returning to elemental (neutral) L oss G ain This extraction technique is expensive because large form amounts of energy are needed to melt the ionic compounds and to produce the electrical current. Knowledge Organiser: Year 9 wall art Project TEXTILES
St. Martins college of Art and Examples of outcomes : Technic used in this project Design, is one of the top used in this project: universities in the UK for creative subjects Core skills I am learning this term Felting Embroidery
Embroidery is the craft of decorating fabric or other materials using a needle to apply thread or yarn. Embroidery may also incorporate other materials such as pearls, beads, quills, and sequins. In modern days, embroidery is usually seen on caps, hats, coats, blankets, dress shirts, denim, dresses, stockings, and golf shirts. Embroidery is available with a wide variety of thread or yarn colour. Some of the basic techniques or stitches of the earliest Embroidery embroidery are chain stitch, buttonhole or blanket stitch, running stitch, satin stitch, cross stitch. Those stitches remain the fundamental techniques of hand embroidery today.
Textile equipment knowledge: Internet links – As part of your homework you will be asked to research here are three links to short films on the artist we are basing our design on: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LxHoU • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fLLOlB2WF_Y xM1kmE • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gTqYRM_TUVA • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=90inDKhJHps Knowledge Organiser: Year 9 wall Art project TEXTILES
WhatRecall are Equipment the Core skills : I am learning Stitches used in this project: this term
Keith Allen Haring (May 4, 1958 – February 16, 1990) was an American artist whose pop art and graffiti-like work grew out of the New York City street culture of the 1980s. Haring's work grew to popularity from his spontaneous drawings in New York What is meant by Textiles City subways – chalk outlines on blank Wall Art? black advertising-space backgrounds – depicting radiant babies, flying saucers, and deified dogs.[1] After public What is the definition of design ? recognition he created larger scale works such as colorful murals, many of Design is the creation of a plan or convention for the them commissioned.[1] His imagery has construction of an object, system or measurable human "become a widely recognized visual interaction (as in architectural blueprints, engineering language".[2] His later work often drawings, business processes, circuit diagrams, and sewing addressed political and societal themes patterns).] Design has different connotations in different – especially homosexuality and AIDS – fields (see design disciplines below). In some cases, the direct through his own iconography.[3] construction of an object (as in pottery, engineering, management, coding, and graphic design) is also considered to use design thinking. Designing often necessitates considering the aesthetic, functional, economic, and socio-political dimensions of both the design object and design process. It may involve considerable research, thought, modelling, interactive Internet links – As part of your homework you will be asked adjustment, and re-design. Meanwhile, diverse kinds of to research here are three links to short films on textiles wall objects may be designed, including clothing, graphical user interfaces, products, skyscrapers, corporate identities, business processes, and even methods or processes of designing.