S E P DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT A Brick Earth Mining & Other Mining Second Edition - November 2019 H S S I J A L

Consultant/FaCilitor A , Email : [email protected] DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SEPAHIJALA DISTRICT, 2019

CONFIDENTIALITY CLAUSE

This District Survey Report (DSR) of Sepahijala District, Tripura, has been prepared by RSP Green Development and Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., Howrah, West Bengal, India.

Any reproduction, direct or indirect other than for the specific purpose for which the report has been prepared, should not be carried out, without prior written consent of Govt. of Tripura.

Page | 1 Prepared By: RSP GREEN DEVELOPMENT & LABORATORIES PVT. LTD. QCI- NABET ACCREDITIED EIA CONSULTANT (NABET/EIA/1922/IA0049). DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SEPAHIJALA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Last but not the least, RSP Green Development and Laboratories Pvt. Ltd. record their sincere thanks and gratefulness to the Government functionaries of Tripura and prominent citizens of Sepahijala district and also the villagers in and around the villages who have offered their fullest cooperation unhesitatingly but for which the execution of the work would have not become as smooth as it has been.

Page | 2 Prepared By: RSP GREEN DEVELOPMENT & LABORATORIES PVT. LTD. QCI- NABET ACCREDITIED EIA CONSULTANT (NABET/EIA/1922/IA0049). DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SEPAHIJALA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019

With Thanks ……………….

Department & Designated person(s) Designation District Administration: Shri C.K. Jamatia, IAS District Magistrate (DM) Shri Udayan Sinha Addl. District Magistrate All Officers District Administration

Forest: Dr. Alind Rastogi, IFS, PCCF & HoFF Shri Mahender Singh, IFS, DFO Shri Tapojyoti Kishore Debbarma, TFS SDFO Shri Abhijit Dey SDFO All Officers Forest Dept (H.O)

DSTE: Shri Animesh Das, IAS Member Secretary, SEIAA All Officers Dte. of Science,Technology & Environment

TSPCB: Dr. Basant Kumar Agarwala Chairman Dr. Mihir Kumar Das Scientist-C & SEAC Secretary All Officers Tripura State Pollution Control Board

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CONTENTS

Sl. No. Contents Page Nos. 1. Preface 06-06 2. Introduction 07-08 3. General Profile of the District 09-25 4. Physiography of the District 26-27 5. Land Use Pattern of the District 28-31 6. Geology 32-35 7. Geological and Mineral Map of Tripura 36-38 8. Geomorphology 39-42 9. Soil types 43-43 10. Natural Hazards 43-43 11. Mineral Resources 44-44 Methodology of Brick Earth and Ordinary 12. 44-44 Earth mining and Guiding Principles 13. Over view of Mining Activity in the District 44-44 Brick Earth Mining: Quantifications & 14. 45-45 Recommendations Ordinary Earth Mining: Quantifications & 15. 46-46 Recommendations Economic Impact of Mining: Brick Earth 16. 47-47 Mining & Ordinary Earth Mining 17. Concluding Remarks 48-48

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Page Sl. No. List of Maps & Figures Nos. 1. Map 1: Administrative Map of Sepahijala District 8 2. Map 2: Location Map of Sepahijala District 10 3. Map 3: River System Map of Sepahijala District 16 4. Map 4: Drainage Pattern Map of Sepahijala District 19 5. Map 5: Forest Map of Sepahijala District 24 6. Map 6: Land Use Map of Sepahijala District 30 7. Map 7: Forest Map of Sepahijala District 31 8. Map 8: Geological Map of Sepahijala District 33 9. Map 9: Elevation Map of Sepahijala District 41 10. Map 10: Drainage Network Map of Sepahijala District 42

1. Fig 1: Bar Diagram of Average Rainfall, Sepahijala District 13 2. Fig 2: Pie Chart of Average Rainfall, Sepahijala District 14 Fig 3: Bar Diagram of Population (Male & Female), Sipahijala 3 20 District 4. Fig 4: Pie chart of Male & Female population, Sepahijala District 21

5. Fig 5: Bar Diagram of Cropping Pattern, Siphajala District 22

6. Fig 6: Bar Diagram of Land use Pattern, Siphajala District 29

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1. PREFACE:

On 15 January 2016, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India issued a notification and in which Para 7(iii) (a) and Annexure (x), purpose and structure of District Survey Report has been discussed. District Survey Report (DSR) will be prepared in every district for each minor mineral. The District Survey Report will guide systematic and scientific utilization of natural resources, so that present and future generation may be benefited at large. The guidelines of MoEF&CC will support that fundamental concept, promoting environmental protection, limiting negative physiological, hydrological and social impacts under pinning sustainable economic growth. It is really an enigma that all earth materials are not used for making bricks. The rudiments of the subject lie within the geology of soil characteristics. Mostly, the presence of clayey soils is the fulcrum of brick earth industry. On this parlance, we can say that the abundance of clayey soil seems to tilt the scales in favour of brick maker (Lessee). So, they should have a business acumen and eye catching overall performances to do this plum job within a time frame of consecutive five years.

This District Survey Report (DSR) will contain mainly data published and endorsed by various departments and websites about Geology of the area, Mineral wealth details of the investigated area, details of Lease and Mining activity in the District along with brick earth mining and revenue of minerals. This report also contains details of Forest, Rivers, Soil, Agriculture, climate and other geo- morphological unit.

Sipahijala District is one of the 8 districts of the State of Tripura. It locates to 23 degree latitude (north) ,91 degree longitude (east). Total area of the District is 1043.58 square kilomitres and total population is 483687 as per census 2011. There are 03 Sub Divisions, 07 R.D.Blocks, 02 Municipal Councils, 01 Nagar Panchayat (ULBs).

Disclaimer: The data may vary due to flood, heavy rains and other natural calamities. Therefore, it is recommended that SEIAA may take into consideration all its relevant aspects/ data while scrutinizing and recommending the application for EC to the concerned Authority.

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2. INTRODUCTION:

Sipahijala District is a district of Tripura, India. This district was created in January 2012 when four new districts were established in Tripura, taking the number of districts in the state from four to eight. Part of the district was formed from the former district of West Tripura. The principal towns in the district are Bishalgarh, , and .

Carved out of , Sipahijala District is one of the newly created Districts of Tripura with a total geographical area of 1043.58 Sq. Km. It has been functioning since 13/01/2012. Only about 12% of the District is occupied by small hilly ranges of the Baramura, which is mostly situated in the Jampuijala Sub-Division. The remaining 88% of the area is almost plain, bordering on the west and the south. The District has the International Boundary with Bangladesh for a length of 99.286 Km, out of which 9.2 km is unfenced. The population of Sipahijala District is 4,84,233, comprising2,48,033 males and 2,36,200 females as per the Census 2011. The projected population of the 9 (Nine) ACs spreading within the district, including areas extending into West Tripura District, isexpected to be 5,58,581, with breakup males – 2,87,734 and females – 2,70,847. The projected population of Sipahijala District alone is 5,33,126, with break-up of males – 2,75,945 and females - 2,57,181. Literacy rate of the District is 97.76%. In the District, there are 9 Police Stations and 30 BSF outposts.

Bricks are made by Indian uneducated, unskilled and unemployed labourers. Brick kilns are largest temporary employment provider in Tripura as well as in our country and provide employment to the poorest section of the population who are in a ditch of financial crisis.

The local villagers in and around the brick kilns are the key source of “Human Resource” and they boost up the speed of the business of brick kiln industry tailoring their entire manual effort just to alleviate their financial doldrums. The upliftment of socio-economic conditions of these labourers is dependent on the fate of the demand supply gap for pucca bricks in local market. The overwhelming demand of bricks and fabulous response from customers for purchasing bricks put the responsibilities on the shoulders of proprietor of brick maker ensuring a good future of this business.

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Map 1: Administrative Map of Sipahijala District

Source : Sepahijala District Profile

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3. GENERAL PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT:

a) GENERAL INFORMATION:

Geographical Area and Geographical Position: The Sipahijala has a geographical area

of 1043.58 sq km and it was inaugurated on 9.1.2012. The district is divided into 3

Sub Divisions, 7 blocks, 2 Nagar Panchayats, 9 Assembly seats & 3 ADC seats, fallen

within West Tripura Parliamentary Constituency. The total population of the district

is 517429. The Sipahijala Wildlife Sanctuary is an important place in the district to

visit.

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Map 2: Location map of Sipahijala district

Source : Sepahijala District Profile

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Administrative Divisions (Sub-Divisions, Blocks):-

SUB DIVISION/ REVENEU CIRCLE TEHSIL MAHAKUMA BISHALGARH BISHALGARH NEHAL CHANDRA NAGAR, GOLAGHATI, MADHUPUR, DEBIPUR, GHANIAMARA, BISHALGARH, DAKSHIN CHAMPAMURA

BISHRAMGANJ UTTAR CHARILAM, RANGAPANIA, RONGMALA, AAMTALI, BRAJAPUR SONAMURA SONAMURA SONAMURA, BHELUARCHAR, BOXNAGAR, MOTINAGAR, KHEDABARI MELAGHAR MELAGHAR, URMAI, TELKAJOLA, DURLAV NARAYAN, CHAMUHANI, NALCHAR, KAMRANGATALI, TAIBANDAL DHANPUR DHANPUR, KATHALIA, NIDOA, SOBHAPUR JAMPUIJALA TAKAJOLA PATHALIAGHAT, AMARENDRANAGAR, PRABHAPUR, PASCHIM TAKARJOLA, PEKUARJOLA, PURBO TAKAJOLA, SANGKUMABARI, THELAKUM

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(Ref: DISTRICT PROFILE SIPAHIJALA, 2017, GOVT. OF TRIPURA)

Population (As per Census 2011):- The projected population of Sipahijala District alone is 483687, with break-up of males – 247829 and females 235858. Literacy rate of the District is 84.78%. In the District, there are 9 Police Stations and 30 BSF outposts

b) CLIMATIC CONDITION:

The climate of the District is mostly warm and is characterized by a humid summer and a dry cool winter with plenty of rains during July to October. Rainfall is received from the South - West Monsoon, which normally breaks in the month of May. Hailstorm generally occurs during the month of April & May, occasionally causing damage to the field crops. Autumn and Spring are of very short duration. Average annual rainfall in the district is about 2000 mm and the temperature varies between a maximum of 35.23 and a minimum of 7.43 Celsius. The variation in temperature is much lower during the rains than during any other season.

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c) RAINFALL: MONTH AVERAGE RAINFALL (in cms) JANUARY 2.31 FEBRUARY 2.50 MARCH 2.939 APRIL 7.885 MAY 9.589 JUNE 15.060 JULY 20.460 AUGUST 29.081 SEPTEMBER 26.035 OCTOBER 20.838 NOVEMBER 2.831 DECEMBER 2.642

AVERAGE RAINFALL 35

30

25

AVERAGE RAINFALL 10 20

5 15

0

Fig 1: Bar diagram of Average Rainfall, Sipahijala District

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Fig 2: Pie chart of average Rainfall, Sipahijala District

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d) TEMPERATURE:

Tropical climatic conditions reign in Tripura. During summer the diurnal temperature goes above 30 to 31 degree Celsius and in winter it can drop down around 9 degree Celsius. e) WIND DIRECTION AND PATTERN: The secondary data of wind direction is not available from Meteorological department of the State. So construction of Wind Rose diagram is not possible to show the wind direction and its pattern. f) DRAINAGE & IRRIGATION: Irrigation system upon which agricultural activities depend is entirely controlled by the local drainage system i.e., streams, rivers, canals, cherras and dug out wells. g) TOPOGRAPHY & TERRAIN:

The district has the similar topography as the state. The percentage of hill area is less compared to that of the total hill area of the state. The physiography is characterised by hill ranges, valleys and plains. The state has five anticlinal ranges of hills running north to south, from Baramura in the west, through Atharamura, Longtharai and Shakhan, to the Jampui Hills in the east. The district is located near of - Udaipur syncline at east of Baramura Hill range. The small isolated hillocks interspersed throughout the state are known as tillas(small mounds /hillocks), and the narrow fertile alluvial valleys, mostly present in the west, are called lungas. A number of rivers originate in the hills of Tripura and flow into Bangladesh. The main rivers of the district are Bijoy, Gomati etc.

h) WATER COURSE & HYDROLOGY:

The main water course of Sipahijala district is Bijoy and Gomati river. Beside these there are many cherras.

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Map 3: River System Map of Sipahijala District

Source : Sepahijala District Profile

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i) GROUND WATER DEVELOPMENT:

The Physico-chemical characteristics of ground water are given in the and demand parameters shown in. The pH value varies from 6.8-8.1 indicating ground water is slightly alkaline in nature. Temperature varies from 26 ºC – 30ºC. The levels of total dissolved solids(TDS) vary from 58-132 mg/L, total suspended solids(TSS) vary from 1- 29 mg/L, conductivity varies from 111-237 S/cm, total hardness varies from 44 – 60 mg/L, Calcium hardness varies from 16 – 32 mg/L, Magnesium hardness varies from 12 – 32 mg/L, turbidity varies from 5 – 12 NTU, alkalinity varies from 6 – 36 mg/L, Chloride varies from 1– 46 mg/L, fluoride varies from 0.1 – 0.5 mg/L, sulphate varies from 18 – 45 mg/L, nitrate varies from 1.3 – 3.3 mg/L, phosphate varies from 0.2 - 1.2 mg/L. The values for demand parameters like Dissolved Oxygen(DO) and Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD)are in the range of 0.5 – 3 mg/L and <5 – 53 mg/L respectively. Among the metals As, B, Cd, Cr, Co, Ni & Pb are found to be Below Detection Limit(BDL) in all samples. Cu was not detected in any sample but one. Concentration ranges of other metals are as follows Fe (0.50 – 7.90 mg/L), Mn (BDL – 0.82 mg/L) and Zn (BDL – 0.10 mg/L).

Surface Water Based on the analytical data of surface water collected from Sipahijala district, it can be categorized as class ‘C’ (Drinking water source with conventional treatment followed by disinfection) as per Inland Surface Water Standards, CPCB. Ground Water As per BIS standard: Most of the places of this district exceed the permissible limit of Fe. Goutamnagar exceeds the limit of Turbidity and Melaghar exceeds the permissible limit of Mn. In other blocks water quality parameters in the ground water are within permissible limit. Hence in these blocks the water can be used for drinking purpose after removal of Fe, Mn removal in Melaghar and Turbidity removal in Goutamnagar.

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j) DRAINAGE SYSTEM (GENERAL):

A few important rivers flowing through the District are Burima / Bijoy, Kachigung and Gomati.

Gumti/ Gomti/ Gumati/ Gomati is a river flowing through the north-eastern Indian state of Tripura and Bangladesh. A dam has been constructed near Dumbur on the river that has formed a lake covering 40 square km.

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Map 4 : Drainage pattern Map of West Tripura district

Source : Sepahijala District Profile

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k) DEMOGRAPHY:

PARAMETERS NO OF POPULATION

TOTAL POPULATION 483687

MALE POPULATION 247829

FEMALE POPULATION 235858

OVERALL LITERACY RATE (%) 84.78

MALE LITERACY RATE (%) 89.80

FEMALE LITERACY RATE (%) 79.49

FEMALE PER THOUSAND MALES 952

(ref: DIARY 2018, GOVT. OF TRIPURA)

250000 248000

246000

244000

242000

240000 NO OF POPULATION 236000 238000 234000

232000

230000

228000 MALE POPULATION FEMALE POPULATION

Fig 3: Bar Diagram of Population (Male & Female), Sipahijala District

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NO OF POPULATION

MALE POPULATION FEMALE POPULATION

49% 51%

Fig 4: Pie chart of Population (Male & Female), Sipahijala District

l) CROPPING PATTERN: The main crop cultivated in Sipahijala District is paddy. Seasonal crops like potato, cabbage, radish, potato, vegetables, pulses, oil-seeds, pine apples and other fruits, maize and flours etc. are also cultivated. Cash crops like rubber and tea are grown in many parts of the District.

PARAMETERS AREA (in Hectare) Geographical Area 104358 Total Cultivable Land 47456 Net Cropped Area 44855 Gross Cropped Area 93399 Current flow(in hac) 313 (Ref: DISTRICT PROFILE, SIPAHIJALA, 2017)

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Current flow (in hac) 313

Gross Cropped Area 93399

Net Cropped Area 44855

Total Cultivable Land 47456

Geographical Area 104358

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000

AREA (in Hectare)

Fig 5: Bar Diagram of Cropping Pattern, Siphajala District

m) LAND FORM AND SEISMICITY:

Physiographically, the area can be divided into two parts, Hill Ranges and bottomed valleys. The trend of the hill ranges is almost N – S. The height of the hill ranges increases from west to east. Earthquake prone Zone-V (based on seismicity).

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n) FLORA

The forests of Tripura are varied. On the basis of large-scale studies in other North-Eastern States, Deb(1981) considered the classification of forest types suggested by Champion and Seth (1968) as better suited for describing and correlating the forest types in India. Deb‟s description of the flora of Tripura has been followed here. Based on climate (also altitude and longitude), the forests of Tripura are treated under tropical forest types. They are grouped and described as follows:

A. Climate Types B. Seral types C. Subsidiary Edaphic types

Bamboo brakes widely in character and aspect cover very large areas in Tripura as in Burma and Chittagong. Continuous bamboo forests are interrupted with scattered evergreen treesor deciduous secondary stands. Sheltered hollows and other favourable sites are dominated by bamboo. The vast preponderance of bamboo forest may be the result of activity of man in his practice of shifting favourable for bamboo growth. It is also possible that bamboo holds the ground as a primary edaphic sub-climax.

(ref: biodiversity.tripura.gov.in/flora)

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Map 5: Forest Map of Sipahijala District

Source : Sepahijala District Profile

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n) FAUNA

Wide variety of wild animals belonging to different groups are found in Tripura. The richness of fauna could be attributed to its unique bio-geographical location and zoo-geographical position. Literature shows that there were large populations of rhinoceros, elephant, tiger, leopard, langurs and monkeys in Tripura (Gupta, 2000).

Of a total of 15 species of non-human primate in India, 7(46.70%) are documented from Tripura (Gupta, 2000). These also include some of the highly rare, endemic and endangered species, viz., Hoolock gibbon, slow loris, capped langur, Phayre‟s langur, stump-tailed macaqueand pig-tailed macaque. The other endangered and threatened mammalian species in Schedule 1 of Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 are elephant, sloth bear, Indian wolf, Binturong, leopard, marbled cat, leopard cat, Chinese pangolin and serrow, etc.

Seven primate species have been documented in Tripura out of a total 15 found in India. Of these Primates, slow loris and stumped tailed monkeys have become rare. Phayre‟s leaf monkey (locally known as „Chashma Banar‟), has a very restricted distribution in India, and is found in Tripura. Hoolock gibbon is the only ape found in India, and its population has been rapidly dwindling in Tripura.

(ref: biodiversity.tripura.gov.in/fauna)

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4. PHYSIOGRAPHY OF THE DISTRICT:

The district has the similar physiography as the state. The percentage of hill area is less compared to that of total hill area. The physiography is characterised by hill ranges, valleys and plains. The state has five anticlinal ranges of hills running north to south, from Baramura in the west, through Atharamura, Longtharai and Shakhan, to the Jampui Hills in the east. The district is located near of Agartala- Udaipur syncline at east of Baramura Hill range. The small isolated hillocks interspersed throughout the state are known as tillas, and the narrow fertile alluvial valleys, mostly present in the west, are called lungas. A number of rivers originates in the hills of Tripura and flow into Bangladesh. The main rivers of the district are Bijoy, Gomati etc.

Elevation (MSL)- 75 m on East and 24 m on West.

Slope Range(%)- Nal, Lunga, Bastu and water bodies are at 0% slope. Slope of Tilla Land i.e. upland ranges between 30% to 50%. There are multi slopes.

Average Annual soil loss (Tonnes/hectare/year)- 12.4

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Physiographic unit of Tripura:

i. Steeply slopping and slightly dissected high relief structural hills and ridges exemplified by areas like Kailashahar, , Baramura, , etc. ii. Moderately slopping with moderately dissected medium relief parallel ridges present in north and north eastern part of Tripura. iii. Moderately slopping and highly dissected, low relief structural hills and ridges found in the north-west and southern part of the state. iv. Moderate to gently slopping and moderately dissected flat topped denuded hill occurring in western, central and southern part of Tripura. v. Low lying residual hill with valley represented by Gondacharra area of south eastern part of Tripura. vi. Undulatory plain with low mounds and gently slopping valley situated mostly in the western and southern part of Tripura. vii. Moderate to gently slopping inter-hill valley with upland mostly occurring on the northern- eastern and southern part of the state. viii. Moderate to gently slopping inter-hill valleys with alluvial upland plains, represented by Kumarghat-Chailengta area as alluvial deposit of river Manu. ix. Rolling upland common in some pockets of the west and north- western part of Tripura. x. Flood plains constitute important area and it is formed by rivers of Tripura. Studied area Krishnakishorenagar and Jampuri fall under this group.

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5. LAND USE PATTERN:

The land use pattern of the district is given below:

PARAMETERS AREA COVERED (Hectare) GROSS CROPPED AREA 93399

NET CROPPED AREA 44855

IRRIGABLE AREA 20464

CURRENT FALLOW 313

AREA UNDER SERICULTURE 110

TOTAL FOREST 25134

UNCLASSIFIED GOVERNMENT FOREST 5218.6

RESERVE FOREST 12632

PROTECTED FOREST 717

(ref: DIARY 2018, GOVERNMENT OF TRIPURA)

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AREA COVERED (Hectare)

100000 90000

80000

70000

60000

50000

40000 30000 AREA COVERED (Hectare) 10000 20000 0

Fig 6: Bar Diagram of Land use Pattern, Siphajala District

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Map 6: Land use map of Sipahijala District

Page | 30 Prepared By: RSP GREEN DEVELOPMENT & LABORATORIES PVT. LTD. QCI- NABET ACCREDITIED EIA CONSULTANT (NABET/EIA/1922/IA0049). DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SEPAHIJALA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019

Map 7: Forest Classification Map, Sipahijala District

Page | 31 Prepared By: RSP GREEN DEVELOPMENT & LABORATORIES PVT. LTD. QCI- NABET ACCREDITIED EIA CONSULTANT (NABET/EIA/1922/IA0049). DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SEPAHIJALA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019

6. GEOLOGY:

Regional and Local Geology:

The rock formations of Tripura range in age from the Lower Tertiary (40 m.y.old) to the Recent. The base of the sequence is not exposed in Tripura. The generalised geological succession (Director General, GSI, 1974) is given in following table.

Stratigraphic Succession:

Group Sub-Group Formation Rock type Recent Recent Unconsolidated silt, and clay with decomposed (Unconformity) vegetable matter and gravels Dupitila Dupitila Sandy clays, clayey sandstone, ferruginous (Unconformity) sandstone with pockets of plastic clay, silica and laterite. Tipam Tipam Champanagar Sandstone, occasional sandy shale and abundant lumps of fossil wood Manu Bazar Sandstone with laminated layers and lenses of sandy shale, siltstone and mudstone. Surma (Contact Thinly bedded repetition of sandstone, transitional) siltstone/shale, mudstone and ferruginous Boka Bill sandstone. Bhuban Hard compact sandstone, olive shale, sandy shale and siltstone repetitions

Page | 32 Prepared By: RSP GREEN DEVELOPMENT & LABORATORIES PVT. LTD. QCI- NABET ACCREDITIED EIA CONSULTANT (NABET/EIA/1922/IA0049). DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SEPAHIJALA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019

Map 8: Geological Map of Sipahijala District

Source : Sipahijala District Profile

Page | 33 Prepared By: RSP GREEN DEVELOPMENT & LABORATORIES PVT. LTD. QCI- NABET ACCREDITIED EIA CONSULTANT (NABET/EIA/1922/IA0049). DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SEPAHIJALA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019

LOCAL GEOLOGY:

Dupitila Group of rock & Recent Alluvium rocks are covered most of the portion of the district. Dupitila Formation a Pliocene-Pleistocene mappable body of rock in the Bengal Basin. P Evans named it after the Dupitila hills in the Hari (Shari) river (25°06'N; 92°08'E) valley of Sylhetdistrict.In the eastern side Bhuban Formation is present. Most of the area are structurally disturbed by manifold tectonism. Litho-units encountered in the investigated area are as follows:

Sandy clays, ferruginous sandstone with presence of plastic clay pockets, sandy shale, siltstone, mudstone, olive shale along with silicified sandstone and laterites.

Stratigraphical Succession of Sipahijala:

Age Group Formation Holocene Formation Ghilatoli Formation Teliamura Formation Kalyanpur Formation Quaternary Dupitila Dupitila Formation Upper Pliocene to Pleistocene Tipam Upper Tipam Formation

Lower Tipam Formation

Pliocene Surma Bokabil Formation

Micocene- Lr. Pliocene Upper Bhuban Formation

Middle Bhuban Formation

Upper most Oligocene Lower Bhuban Formation (Not exposed in Tripura) Page | 34 Prepared By: RSP GREEN DEVELOPMENT & LABORATORIES PVT. LTD. QCI- NABET ACCREDITIED EIA CONSULTANT (NABET/EIA/1922/IA0049). DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SEPAHIJALA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019

Seismic surveys in the region reveal the presence of sub-surface flatus. The part of Surma basin in Tripura Mizoram area lies in close proximity to the Shillong plateau in the north and AracanYoma belt to the east. Tripura is therefore located in seismically active zone; because of inherent character of sediments of these areas even the minor shock during earthquake may cause devastating particularly landslides (Mukherjee et.al., GSI, 1999).

Page | 35 Prepared By: RSP GREEN DEVELOPMENT & LABORATORIES PVT. LTD. QCI- NABET ACCREDITIED EIA CONSULTANT (NABET/EIA/1922/IA0049). DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SEPAHIJALA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019

7. MINERAL WEALTH (based on Geology and available Minerals of Tripura):

The mineral resources of any state provide an avenue for economic development but the process of mining may have extensive impact on land, soil and water resources. The mining projects have as a consequence become a part of development sector requiring environmental clearance under Environmental Protection Act, 1986, EIA Notification 1994. The varied geological base has become host to many important minor minerals and major minerals. The central government of India has declared the following minerals as minor minerals:

Sl.No. Minor Minerals

i) Boulder ii) Shingle iii) Chalcedony pebbles used for ball mill purposes only

iv) Lime shell, kankar and limestone used in kilns for manufacture of lime used as building material

v) Murrum vi) Brick-earth vii) Fuller's earth viii) Bentonite ix) Road metal x) Reh-matti xi) Slate and shale when used for building material xii) Marble xiii) Stone used for making household utensils Quartzite and sandstone when used for purposes of xiv) building or for making road metal and household utensils xv) Saltpetre, and Ordinary earth (Used for filling or leveling purposes in xvi) construction or embankments, roads, railways building) by MoEF 2010

Page | 36 Prepared By: RSP GREEN DEVELOPMENT & LABORATORIES PVT. LTD. QCI- NABET ACCREDITIED EIA CONSULTANT (NABET/EIA/1922/IA0049). DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SEPAHIJALA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019

Mineral Resource of Tripura:

Mineral Location Uses Hard Rock Jampui Hills Road metals Sandstone, Gritty Longatari Hill Quartz Limestone Sakhan&Jampui Range Not suitable for Manpui area Cement, Suitable (990,000 t. reserve) For inferior quality of Lime Puzzolana mix. Clay All over the State generally in river Sanitary ware Stone bank deposit wares Sewerage pipes Good clay deposit in West and South Electric insulator region. Total 1.73 million ton deposit in Refractory grade four zone out of six zones* [*Mohanpur-Bamutia- Kamalghat; Bisramganj-Bagma; Champamura- Baldakhal-Jogendranagar; Khowai- Teliamura-Ampi; Shantirbazar- Udaipur;Kumarghat and Baidyathakurpara- Anadanagar- Maheshkhola-Dukli-Sonamura area] Glass Sand Bishramganj (160,000t) Many uses Old Agartala (16,000t) Mineral Location Uses Jogendranagar (3627t) Sekerkota (80,000t) Dasharambari (5330t) Mohanpur (97,875t) Baidyathakurpara- Anadanagar Maheshkhola and Dukli (NA)

Total Reserve 3,62,832 tonnes

[Source: GSI Report 1982, 1999]

Of the total geographical area of Tripura, 76% can be marked as of “Tertiary” origin and 24% belong to Quaternary period; none of these contain any major mineral resource. A GSI Report of 1982 provides a list of Non-metallic and metallic mineral vis-a-vis their location or otherwise in Tripura (Table-14) indicating the poor profile.

Page | 37 Prepared By: RSP GREEN DEVELOPMENT & LABORATORIES PVT. LTD. QCI- NABET ACCREDITIED EIA CONSULTANT (NABET/EIA/1922/IA0049). DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SEPAHIJALA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019

Mineral Resource potential in Tripura:

Sl. No. Mineral Status A. Non-metallic 1. Lime stone Commodity not located or absent 2. Dolomite Commodity not located or absent 3. Coal Commodity not located or absent 4. Clay Commodity not located or absent 5. Refractories Commodity not located or absent 6. Glass sand Good reserve, low grade 7. Graphite Commodity not located or absent 8. Fertilizer Commodity not located or absent 9. Gravel sand silt Good reserve, low grade 10. Building stone Commodity not located or absent B. Metallic 11. Ferrous Commodity not located or absent 12. Non-ferrous Commodity not located or absent 13. Noble metals Commodity not located or absent

[Source: GSI Report 1982]

The current production of natural gas is estimated at one million cubic meters per day. The available figure for 1990-91 to 1997-98 shows a fast increasing rate of production from 70 million tonnes per year in 1990-91 to 2.7 x in 8 years reaching 196 million tonnes in 1997-98.

Page | 38 Prepared By: RSP GREEN DEVELOPMENT & LABORATORIES PVT. LTD. QCI- NABET ACCREDITIED EIA CONSULTANT (NABET/EIA/1922/IA0049). DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SEPAHIJALA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019

8. GEOMORPHOLOGY: Regional and Local

Geomorphological sculptures of Sipahijala district are carved by the major fluvial agencies. The drainage pattern of the area is trellis and dendritic to sub-dendritic in nature. Drainage system with description of main rivers or cherras;

Drainage system with description of main rivers or cherras:

S.N Name of the River Area Drained % area Place of or Stream approx (sq km) drained origin

JAMPUIJALA SUB- DIVISION 1 CHINAI 0.16 70 Baramura Hill 2 BIJOY 0.030 15 Baramura Hill 3 RANGAPANIA 0.050 20 Jampuijala CHERRA

BISHALGARH SUB- DIVISION 1 BIJOY 0.15 95 Baramura hill SONAMURA SUB- DIVISION 1 THE 16 km (length in 45.17 Killa (Near NOACHARRA the sub-division) Udaipur)

2 GOMATI 28 km (length in 16.86 Dumbur lake the sub-division)

Page | 39 Prepared By: RSP GREEN DEVELOPMENT & LABORATORIES PVT. LTD. QCI- NABET ACCREDITIED EIA CONSULTANT (NABET/EIA/1922/IA0049). DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SEPAHIJALA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019

Salient Features of Important Rivers and Streams/Cherras:

Sl.N Name of the River Total length in Place of Origin Altitude at origin o. or Stream the District (in (in meter) km) 1 Gomati 28 km (Length Tirthamukh 24m in the sub- (Raima from division) Longatharai and Sharma from

Atharamura) of Dumbur Lake

Page | 40 Prepared By: RSP GREEN DEVELOPMENT & LABORATORIES PVT. LTD. QCI- NABET ACCREDITIED EIA CONSULTANT (NABET/EIA/1922/IA0049). DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SEPAHIJALA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019

DATA SOURCE: DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK, SIPAHIJALA, TRIPURA, LANDSAT SATELLITE IMAGERY, ASTER ELEVATION DATA, 2019

Map 9: Elevation Map of SipahijalaDistrict

Page | 41 Prepared By: RSP GREEN DEVELOPMENT & LABORATORIES PVT. LTD. QCI- NABET ACCREDITIED EIA CONSULTANT (NABET/EIA/1922/IA0049). DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SEPAHIJALA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019

DATA SOURCE: DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK, SEPAHIJALA, TRIPURA, LANDSAT SATELLITE IMAGERY, ASTER ELEVATION DATA, 2019

Map 10: Drainage Network Map of SepahijalaDistrict

Page | 42 Prepared By: RSP GREEN DEVELOPMENT & LABORATORIES PVT. LTD. QCI- NABET ACCREDITIED EIA CONSULTANT (NABET/EIA/1922/IA0049). DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SEPAHIJALA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019

9. SOIL TYPES:

'Soil' means the uppermost layer of the earth's crust, which contains the organic as well as mineral matter necessary for the growth of plants. Alluvial Soil and Black Soil are the most important Soils.

The soils of the study area were classified as per USDA Soil Taxonomy into four orders viz. Entisols, Inceptisols, Alfisols and Ultisols as per USDA Soil Taxonomy.

In general, soils of are acidic in nature. The pH of soil ranges from 5.5 to 6 as per Henderson’s equation (pH = -log [H+]).

Compositionally, the soils of Gomati region contain low nitrogen and phosphates. Potash content is of moderate to high; calcium, magnesium and sulphur are deficient in these soils.

Generally, four types of soils occur in Tripura. Out of these four types of soils, is characterized by dominant presence of sandy clayey soil and silty clay.

In USDA soil taxonomy, Entisols are defined as soils that do not show any profile development other than an A horizon. An entisol has no diagnostic horizons, and most are basically unaltered from their parent material, which can be unconsolidated sediment or rock.

Inceptisols are a soil order in USDA soil taxonomy. They form quickly through alteration of parent material. They are more developed than Entisols. They have no accumulation of clays, iron oxide, aluminium oxide or organic matter. They have an ochric or umbric horizon and a cambic subsurface horizon.

Alfisols are a soil order in USDA soil taxonomy. Alfisols form in semi-arid to humid areas, typically under a hardwood forest cover. They have a clay-enriched subsoil and relatively high native fertility. "Alf" refers to aluminium (Al) and iron (Fe). Ultisols are similar to Alfisols in having a subhorizon of clay accumulation but have few bases, especially at depth. Most Ultisols are acid, although some may have a high pH in the surface horizons owing to aerosolic additions of carbonate dust. The ideal Ultisol has a subsurface horizon of clay enrichment due to clay translocation from the surface horizons. 10. NATURAL HAZARDS:

Tectonically the entire Tripura region has a closed link with the extended fringe of Arakan-Yoma Belt which is indicative of pervasive nature of natural disaster or any other kind of calamities e.g. earthquake, flood, avalanche and landslides in major scale. Tripura is situated in the earthquake prone zone –V. So, there is a probable chance of feeling the tremor of earthquake activity in any time.

Page | 43 Prepared By: RSP GREEN DEVELOPMENT & LABORATORIES PVT. LTD. QCI- NABET ACCREDITIED EIA CONSULTANT (NABET/EIA/1922/IA0049). DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SEPAHIJALA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019

11. MINERAL RESOURCES: Overview of Mineral Resources and details of resources-

The topic has been discussed in Point no. 7 in this DSR.

12. METHODOLOGY OF BRICK EARTH AND ORDINARY EARTH MINING AND GUIDING PRINCIPLES:

Manual open pit mining will be carried out for excavation of brick earth. Depth of the excavation will be limited to 2.0m from surface. 0.2m top soil will be resolved for future use in agricultural purpose. A 7.5m wide strip of land along the periphery (i.e., statutory or berm area) of each plot of land will be left intact for safety of mining operations and saving the nearby agriculture fields from inadvertent encroachment while carrying out mining.

 Mining will be carried out during day light hours.  Brick earth being soft in nature, requires no drilling and blasting, and therefore no ground vibration will get generate.  Depth of the excavation from surface will be limited to 2.0m and this will be in two stage of 0.9m each (First 0.20m will be top soil layer)  About 12 to 20 labours will be employed for excavation of brick earth.(Basically it depends upon project capacity)  If it exists, the top soil will be scraped and kept separately for future use of restoring the fertility.

13. OVERVIEW OF BRICK EARTH MINING ACTIVITY:

As per attached as Appendix –A to this DSR.

Page | 44 Prepared By: RSP GREEN DEVELOPMENT & LABORATORIES PVT. LTD. QCI- NABET ACCREDITIED EIA CONSULTANT (NABET/EIA/1922/IA0049). DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SEPAHIJALA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019

14. BRICK EARTH MINING: Quantification & Recommendations

Brick earth is excavated by a method of slicing of top soil. Top soil up to 2m are used for making bricks especially for clay bricks in brick industry. Needless to say, profitability of a brick industry is highly dependent on the nature and engineering properties (load bearing strength, porosity, permeability, cohesiveness and sticky property of soil) of availability of sufficient brick earth materials followed by proper accessibility to the area of proposed project site provided that the excavated brick earth materials are to be collected without jeopardizing the stability of environment and ecology i.e., a sustainable development is needed for successful completion of a brick earth mining project. The common fact is that if the number of brick kiln projects is increased, the total economic scenario of the region, in pilot scale, will be changed automatically. So increase the area of mining of brick earth, higher will be the frequencies of bricks from point of view of production. The proper quantification of more and more running brick kiln factory must give an impetuous on the present economy of Tripura ameliorating the standard of living in such way so that most of the people in and around the project site can reach to the acme of progress economically.

Some recommendations are to be followed strictly for proper running of brick kiln project smoothly. The common hydrological regime here also plays a pivotal role and it is defined by the tropical monsoon climate with alternating dry and wet seasons. All the districts of Tripura, in this regard, give a best fit result without showing any pitfalls. The spatiality of rain is also controlled by the orientation of the axis of monsoon trough. In Tripura, due to excessive use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers top soil are damaged and below thin veneer of soil cover (0.2m) activity of brick earth mining is carried out up to a depth of 1.8m. It is an established fact, obtained by field investigation that no land has become barren due to excavation of brick earth in brick sectors rather it has helped agricultural activity to sustain. The brick kiln owners themselves contract with the owners of private lands or holdings to make it better for the farmers to improve their cultivation. There is no harm to environment in exploitation of brick earth or clay from private lands or holdings for moulding of bricks. In case of brick earth mining, feasibility assessment form an essential part of the process of assessing a brick earth mining project. Here geological study is followed by prefeasibility study and feasibility study/ mining report are well defined. The degree of economic viability (economic or sub-economic) is assessed in the course of prefeasibility and feasibility studies. But it is to be kept in mind that a prefeasibility study provides a preliminary assessment will lower level of accuracy than that of feasibility study by which economic viability of brick earth mining is assessed or judged.

Alterations or modifications of the said attributes may cause hazardous impact on ecological equilibrium of riverine regime. Therefore, awareness campaigning is inevitable and should be followed by all to make the environment clean and save the environment eco-friendly.

Page | 45 Prepared By: RSP GREEN DEVELOPMENT & LABORATORIES PVT. LTD. QCI- NABET ACCREDITIED EIA CONSULTANT (NABET/EIA/1922/IA0049). DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SEPAHIJALA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019

15. ORDINARY EARTH MINING: Quantification & Recommendations

By ordinary earth mining, we mean haphazard and disseminated digging out of earth materials which ultimately help to fulfill the desire of domestic purposes or in few cases to make river embankment or filling of low line areas or swampy lands or civil construction purposes. Compared to that of brick earth mining, ordinary earth mining doesn’t bear any cryptic signature to fulfill the economic thirst. But huge mining of ordinary earth at a time will impose an adverse effect upon the environment regionally. So, quantification of ordinary earth mining is to be avoided as per generated situation, just to trigger the brick earth mining activity.

Ordinary earth mining near or adjacent to a river or stream has a direct impact on the stream’s physical characteristic such as channel geometry, bed elevation, substratum composition and stability, in-stream roughness of the bed, flow velocity, discharge capacity, competency of river, water laden sediment transport capacity, turbidity and temperature etc.

Page | 46 Prepared By: RSP GREEN DEVELOPMENT & LABORATORIES PVT. LTD. QCI- NABET ACCREDITIED EIA CONSULTANT (NABET/EIA/1922/IA0049). DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SEPAHIJALA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019

16. ECONOMIC IMPACT OF MINING: Brick Earth and Ordinary Earth Mining

Both brick earth mining and ordinary earth mining are the manifestation of exploitation of minor minerals. The study of cash flow forecast gives positive result in favour of brick earth mining compared to that of ordinary earth mining. A person who has no iota of knowledge about the differences lying between brick earth mining and ordinary earth mining, he never can take a holistic and futuristic strategy to operate brick earth mining/ brick kiln factory. In case of brick earth mining, the applicant is bound to spend some amount of money for the purpose of community service. Although, the figures are tentative and are subjected to generation of profit. About 5% of the annual profit will be made available for CSR. But for ordinary earth mining the picture is different to some extent. Brick earth mining is sanctioned for five (05) years i.e., mine life is taken as five (05) years but ordinary earth mining does not follow any time schedule and it is carried out as per need to solve the imminent problems raised due to natural activities followed by manmade interferences. Brick earth mining’s provision is fixed to a particular land having soils characterized by all the properties which are amenable for bricks making. For brick earth mining a close relation exists amongst site selection, selecting mining method, invested money for the project, written money and demand supply gap. Again in brick earth mining, the land is generally returned to the owner of land; deployed manpower will be reemployed elsewhere; therefore, economic repercussion for closure of mine and manpower retrenchment will have low impact upon this project. Again the abandonment cost will be zero as the mined out pits will be restored for agricultural activity by landlord. These parameters are not valid in case of ordinary earth mining. More money is required for ordinary earth mining as it is carried out to fulfill the objectives of emergency cases. No compatible relation is found to be seen between ordinary earth mining and employment generation. The digging of ordinary earth material provides temporary deployment of labourers for a short span of time.

For progressive advancement of brick earth project, the project proponent initially invests money just to provide the following amenities or facilities:

 It generates direct and indirect employment  Provides provision for safe drinking water i.e., potable water  Safe, healthy and conducive working atmosphere  Provisions for first aid  Provisions for health check up facility once in a year  Haulage road construction as a symbol of connectivity from brick kiln site to other sites No such cost is taken into account for ordinary earth mining. So it is pertinent to say that brick earth mining is of mammoth importance in economy of Tripura state and also to generate revenue for the Govt. of Tripura.

Page | 47 Prepared By: RSP GREEN DEVELOPMENT & LABORATORIES PVT. LTD. QCI- NABET ACCREDITIED EIA CONSULTANT (NABET/EIA/1922/IA0049). DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SEPAHIJALA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019

17. Concluding Remarks:

Mining of minor minerals, though individually, because of smaller size of mine leases is perceived to have lesser impact as compared to mining of major minerals. However, the activity as a whole is seen to have significant adverse impacts on environment. It is, therefore, necessary that the mining of minor minerals is subjected to simpler but strict regulatory regime and carried out only under an approved framework of mining plan, which should provide for reclamation and rehabilitation of the mined out areas. Further, while granting mining leases by the respective State Governments "location of any eco-fragile zone (s) within the impact zone of the proposed mining area, the linked Rules/ Notifications governing such zones and the judicial pronouncements, if any, need be duly noted. The Union Ministry of Mines along with Indian Bureau of Mines and respective State Governments should therefore make necessary provisions in this regard under the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957, Mineral Concession Rules, 1960 and adopt model Guidelines to be followed by all States (emphasis supplied)".

Brick earth mining comes under Category B2. For Category B2 mining, mining area is up to 5 hectares. So the considered area is small and mostly confined to agricultural fields. Mostly local people are employed in this activity. There will be minimum adverse effect of this activity on the drainage system.

A brick is block made of clay burnt in kiln. It is one of the primary building materials known to mankind. Overtime, bricks have appeared, gained prominence, lost importance and then come to the forefront again with various styles of architecture.

Besides to generate a number of direct employments, indirect employment will also be generated in this area by this activity. This is also a source to generate revenue to the Government. It can be concluded from the above facts that the mining of brick earth from this area will not have any adverse impacts but would help in improving the socioeconomic condition of the surrounding villages.

Page | 48 Prepared By: RSP GREEN DEVELOPMENT & LABORATORIES PVT. LTD. QCI- NABET ACCREDITIED EIA CONSULTANT (NABET/EIA/1922/IA0049). Appendix- A to DSR on Brick Earth mining (Reter: Point No. 13) LIST OF BRICK EARTH/KILN IN SEPAHIJALA DISTRICT A 23°28'14.76"N 91°16'50.25"E

B 23°28'16.04"N 91°16'51.63"E C 23°28'13.93"N 91°16'51.79"E D 23°28'13.36"N 91°16'52.12"E SP-BR- KABIR M/S MAA BRICKS E 23°28'13.40"N 91°16'52.68"E TRIPURA SEPAHIJALA BEJIMARA 01 HOSSAIN INDUSTRY F 23°28'13.12"N 91°16'52.70"E

G 23°28'12.92"N 91°16'51.05"E

H 23°28'13.23"N 91°16'50.97"E I 23°28'13.20"N 91°16'50.58"E A 23°28'0.36"N 91°16'11.11"E

B 23°28'0.49"N 91°16'11.75"E C 23°27'59.99"N 91°16'12.15"E D 23°28'0.32"N 91°16'13.89"E

E 23°28'1.72"N 91°16'13.74"E F 23°28'1.75"N 91°16'14.89"E SP-BR- KINSOK ROY M/S BASANTI TRIPURA SEPAHIJALA SOVAPUR 02 & OTHERS BRICKS COMPANY G 23°28'0.52"N 91°16'14.95"E H 23°28'2.37"N 91°16'16.58"E I 23°28'2.74"N 91°16'19.63"E J 23°27'59.95"N 91°16'20.03"E K 23°27'59.99"N 91°16'20.60"E L 23°27'59.43"N 91°16'20.63"E M 23°27'58.84"N 91°16'12.35"E A 23°27'59.81"N 91°16'24.25"E B 23°27'55.40"N 91°16'32.13"E C 23°27'51.41"N 91°16'32.26"E D 23°27'50.63"N 91°16'30.01"E PART- ABDUL SP-BR- M/S LOKNATH E 23°27'50.24"N 91°16'29.14"E TRIPURA SEPAHIJALA SOVAPUR RAHAMAN & 03 BRICKS COMPANY F 23°27'52.95"N 91°16'27.06"E SIRAJ MIA G 23°27'53.13"N 91°16'26.24"E H 23°27'54.97"N 91°16'24.30"E I 23°27'55.48"N 91°16'23.58"E J 23°27'56.99"N 91°16'21.96"E A 23°20'9.68"N 91°21'37.87"E

B 23°20'7.80"N 91°21'40.92"E

M/S SUBRATA SP-BR- BIRENDRA SUBRATA TRIPURA SEPAHIJALA BRICKS INDUSTRIES 04 NAGAR ROY C 23°20'3.05"N 91°21'37.98"E (UNIT-II)

D 23°20'5.66"N 91°21'34.42"E

A 23°38'6.41"N 91°12'5.98"E B 23°38'6.16"N 91°12'6.93"E C 23°38'5.10"N 91°12'6.35"E D 23°38'5.12"N 91°12'5.63"E E 23°38'1.94"N 91°12'4.63"E SP-BR- RANJIB M/S TRIPURESWARI TRIPURA SEPAHIJALA VELUARCHAR 05 GHOSH BRICKS INDUSTRY F 23°38'2.66"N 91°12'2.18"E G 23°38'2.67"N 91°12'2.41"E H 23°38'4.24"N 91°12'2.53"E I 23°38'5.67"N 91°12'5.54"E J 23°38'5.62"N 91°12'5.74"E A 23°38'10.04"N 91°12'10.95"E

B 23°38'10.09"N 91°12'11.90"E C 23°38'3.49"N 91°12'12.62"E

D 23°38'3.50"N 91°12'12.28"E

E 23°38'7.29"N 91°12'8.38"E SP-BR- JAGANNATH M/S RAMKRISHNA TRIPURA SEPAHIJALA VELUARCHAR 06 PAUL BRICKS F 23°38'8.02"N 91°12'8.69"E

G 23°38'8.53"N 91°12'9.21"E

H 23°38'8.85"N 91°12'11.55"E

A 23°38'8.89" N 91°12'37.66" E

B 23°38'10.61" N 91°12'40.98" E

SP-BR- BISWAJIT M/S DEBNATH TRIPURA SEPAHIJALA VELUARCHAR C 23°38'7.31" N 91°12'39.54" E 07 ROY BRICKS INDUSTRIES

D 23°38'3.80" N 91°12'37.90" E

E 23°38'4.37" N 91°12'35.29" E A 23°38'15.51"N 91°11'6.54"E

B 23°38'16.54"N 91°11'7.92"E

C 23°38'16.68"N 91°11'6.48"E

D 23°38'17.70"N 91°11'6.57"E

E 23°38'17.61"N 91°11'8.38"E SUSANTA SP-BR- PUTIA M/S MAA BRICKS TRIPURA SEPAHIJALA MAHALANAB F 23°38'17.79"N 91°11'8.47"E 08 RAHIMPUR INDUSTRIES ISH G 23°38'18.26"N 91°11'8.19"E

H 23°38'18.35"N 91°11'9.62"E

I 23°38'17.21"N 91°11'8.89"E

J 23°38'16.01"N 91°11'9.27"E

K 23°38'14.53"N 91°11'8.26"E

A23°38'16.08"N 91°11'23.41"E B 23°38'16.26"N 91°11'27.33"E

C 23°38'17.23"N 91°11'28.13"E

SUBRATA SP-BR- M/S RAMTHAKUR D 23°38'17.67"N 91°11'28.12"E TRIPURA SEPAHIJALA RAHIMPUR MAHALANAB 09 BRICKS INDUSTRIES ISH E 23°38'17.99"N 91°11'24.16"E

F 23°38'19.42"N 91°11'23.79"E

G 23°38'19.44"N 91°11'22.95"E A 23°38'28.41"N 91°10'37.34"E B 23°38'29.68"N 91°10'37.70"E C 23°38'27.61"N 91°10'42.39"E D 23°38'25.10"N 91°10'40.31"E E 23°38'24.67"N 91°10'39.23"E SP-BR- JAKIR M/S MADINA TRIPURA SEPAHIJALA RAHIMPUR 10 HOSSAIN BRICKS INDUSTRY F 23°38'26.00"N 91°10'39.03"E G 23°38'25.98"N 91°10'38.34"E H 23°38'24.59"N 91°10'38.36"E I 23°38'24.63"N 91°10'37.69"E J 23°38'26.83"N 91°10'36.98"E K 23°38'27.61"N 91°10'38.61"E

A 23°37'55.81"N 91°10'49.03"E

B 23°37'55.69"N 91°10'55.37"E SP-BR- MD.MISBAH M/S ASSOCIATED C 23°37'55.08"N 91°10'55.29"E TRIPURA SEPAHIJALA ASHABARI 11 UL ALAM BRICKS INDUSTRY D 23°37'55.05"N 91°10'55.76"E E 23°37'54.15"N 91°10'55.55"E

F 23°37'54.68"N 91°10'49.19"E A 23°19'51.52"N 91°22'44.31"E

B 23°19'53.16"N 91°22'48.20"E KINSOK ROY SP-BR- WEST M/S KALIMAA TRIPURA SEPAHIJALA & KISHORE 12 PIPARIAKHOLA BRICKS INDUSTRY ROY C 23°19'49.78"N 91°22'47.93"E

D 23°19'48.61"N 91°22'44.05"E A 23°38'12.88" N 91°11'48.84" E

B 23°38'12.22" N 91°11'56.79" E C 23°38'11.36" N 91°11'56.77" E SP-BR- VELUARCHA UMA KALI BNRICKS DILIP SAHA TRIPURA SEPAHIJALA RA 14 INDUSTRIES D 23°38'9.87" N 91°11'49.98" E

23°38'12.05" N 91°11'48.21" E E

A 23°20'2.12"N 91°21'52.72"E

B 23°20'2.87"N 91°21'54.26"E

C 23°20'3.93"N 91°21'53.39"E

SP-BR- BIRENDRANA ASOK ROY & BASANTI BRICKS D 23°20'5.57"N 91°21'56.30"E TRIPURA SEPAHIJALA 15 GAR OTHERS INDUSTRIES E 23°20'2.07"N 91°21'57.34"E

F 23°20'1.04"N 91°21'53.31"E

A 23°22'29.13" N 91°21'6.41" E B 23°22'28.98" N 91°21'7.55" E C 23°22'27.85" N 91°21'7.53" E

D 23°22'23.39" N 91°21'7.08" E

SP-BR- Tapan Kumar E 23°22'20.98" N 91°21'5.29" E TRIPURA SEPAHIJALA KATHALIA Nag Builders 16 Nag F 23°22'21.27" N 91°21'2.78" E

G 23°22'23.36" N 91°21'3.81" E H 23°22'25.54" N 91°21'5.46" E

A 23°28'35.40" N 91°17'10.64" E

B 23°28'36.20" N 91°17'15.06" E

C 23°28'34.23" N 91°17'15.77" E

SP-BR- D 23°28'31.99" N 91°17'16.23" E TRIPURA SEPAHIJALA BEJIMARA Pradip Nag R.M. Bricks 17 E 23°28'32.06" N 91°27'14.26" E

F 23°28'33.93" N 91°17'14.00" E

G 23°28'33.34" N 91°17'10.96" E

A 23°33'12.85" N 91°16'12.03" E B 23°33'9.34" N 91°16'16.32" E

C 23°33'5.71" N 91°16'20.14" E

D 23°33'5.28" N 91°16'18.86" E SP-BR- TRIPURA SEPAHIJALA TAXAPARA Pradip Nag Nag Bricks Industry 18 E 23°33'5.83" N 91°16'15.83" E

F 23°33'8.85" N 91°16'14.29" E

G 23°33'12.03" N 91°16'10.86" E

A 23°37'11.88" N 91°12'51.28" E B 23°37'11.59" N 91°12'52.13" E C 23°37'10.80" N 91°12'52.32" E SP-BR- MANIKYANAG KRISHNA BABA BRICKS SP-BR- MANIKYANAG KRISHNA BABA BRICKS TRIPURA SEPAHIJALA D 23°37'10.87" N 91°12'52.99" E 19 AR PRASAD DAS INDUSTRIES E 23°37'9.58" N 91°12'53.47" E F 23°37'8.98" N 91°12'52.17" E G 23°37'10.11" N 91°12'50.42" E A 23°38'13.81"N 91°11'37.22"E B 23°38'21.99"N 91°11'44.39"E C 23°38'25.11"N 91°11'43.19"E D 23°38'24.36"N 91°11'46.13"E SP-BR- AJIT KUMAR JOYMA BRICK TRIPURA SEPAHIJALA VALUAR CHAR E 23°38'26.56"N 91°11'47.30"E 20 SAHA INDUSTRIES F 23°38'23.24"N 91°11'48.75"E G 23°38'21.62"N 91°11'47.17"E H 23°38'18.21"N 91°11'47.28"E I 23°38'13.20"N 91°11'38.81"E A 23°20'9.68"N 91°21'37.87"E

B 23°20'7.80"N 91°21'40.92"E

SP-BR- BIRENDRA SUBRATA SUBRATA BRICKS TRIPURA SEPAHIJALA 21 NAGAR ROY INDUSTRIES (UNIT-II C 23°20'3.05"N 91°21'37.98"E

D 23°20'5.66"N 91°21'34.42"E

A 23°28'20.21"N 91°17'3.58"E B 23°28'20.05"N 91°17'8.12"E

C 23°28'20.56"N 91°17'10.05"E PRADYUT SP-BR- GOPINATH BRICKS TRIPURA SEPAHIJALA SOVAPUR KAR 22 INDUSTRIES CHOWDHURI D 23°28'18.75"N 91°17'12.59"E

A 23°29'25.37" N 91°17'16.31" E

B 23°29'26.92" N 91°17'17.94" E

C 23°29'26.02" N 91°17'21.34" E SP-BR- GOUTAM TRIPURA SEPAHIJALA BARPATHAR RAM BRICKS 23 SAHA D 23°29'22.13" N 91°17'22.08" E

E 23°29'24.31" N 91°17'17.80" E

A 23°27'30.48"N 91°19'08.25" E B 23°27'35.58" N 91°19'07.79" E

SP-BR- ABUL BASAR ASSOCIATED BRICKS C 23°27'35.52" N 91°19'11.27" E TRIPURA SEPAHIJALA BARPATHARR 24 & ASIF RASID COMPANY D 23°27'32.73" N 91°19'14.54" E

E 23°27'30.96" N 91°19'10.57" E

A 23°37'54.75" N 91°12'07.74" E B 23°37'59.56" N 91°12'03.58" E

SP-BR- NAJRUL BHARAT MATA C 23°38'00.83" N 91°12'08.30" E TRIPURA SEPAHIJALA VELUARCHAR 25 ISLAM BRICKS INDUSTRY D 23°38'00.10" N 91°12'10.15" E

E 23°37'57.00" N 91°12'12.24" E A 23°21'23.22"N 91°20'53.59"E B 23°21'24.62"N 91°20'59.96"E SP-BR- JAGATMOY UNITED BRICKS TRIPURA SEPAHIJALA KATHALIA 26 TRIPURA INDUSTRIES C 23°21'21.30"N 91°21'0.93"E D 23°21'21.03"N 91°20'55.68"E