Urban Development Department Government of Tripura Conceptual

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Urban Development Department Government of Tripura

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report Dharmanagar

Prepared By:

Vishwakarma 86C, Topsia Road (South)

Kolkata, West Bengal

1 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

1.0 Introduction

Dharmanagar is a District town and a Municipal Council in the North East of India and the North Tripura District of the State of Tripura, India. Most of the known history of Dharmanagar is derived from the ancient Rajmala scripts, which is ancient Royal chronicles of the Kings of Tripura, written in the 14th century. The origin of the name ‘Dharmanagar’ cannot be traced back in time. The Rajmala refers to at least four unknown ancient kings whose names include the word ‘Dharma’. Dharmanagar is a city with extreme natural beauty. The city is located in the western hemisphere of the State of Tripura.

At present Dharmanagar is bound by Maulvi Bazar of Sylhet, Bangladesh in the North, Karimganj District of Assam in the East, Mizoram state in the South and Kailashahar of Unakoti District in the West. The North Tripura District is famous for several tourist attractions such as Rowa Wild-Life Santuary, Jampui H ills etc. The Jampui Hills are famous for natural beauty, climate and orange garden. The iconic Kalibari is located in the heart of the city of Dharmanagar. Dharmanagar is blessed with a peaceful climate most of the year. The nearest airport to Dharmanagar is in Silchar and further afield Agartala. There are also helicopter services, daily bus services and train services, which connects the city to the capital of the state. At present Dharmanagar is the head quarter of the North Tripura Judicial District. The Court of District & Sessions Judge, North Tripura at Dharmanagar was inaugurated on 20.09.2014 by Hon’ble Mr. Justice Deepak Gupta, the Chief Justice of the Hon’ble High Court of Tripura. Besides, there are Judicial Courts at Kanchanpur Sub-Division under North Tripura Judicial District.

2 Figure 1: Location Map of Dharmanagar

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

1.1 Demographics :

Description Census 2011 Data

Town Name Dharmanagar

Civic Type NP

Tehsil Name NORTH TRIPURA

District Name NORTH TRIPURA

State Name TRIPURA

Total Population 40595

Total Area 10.69 (Ha)

Total No of House Holds 9971

Total Male Population 20161

Total Female Population 20434

0-6 Age group Total Population 3850

0-6 Age group Male Population 1924

0-6 Age group Female Population 1926

Total Person Literates 34951

Total Male Literates 17515

Total Female Literates 17436

Total Person Illiterates 5644

Total Male Illiterates 2646

Total Female Illiterates 2998

Scheduled Cast Persons 5133

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Scheduled Cast Males 2593

Scheduled Cast Females 2540

Scheduled Tribe Persons 235

Scheduled Tribe Males 232

Scheduled Tribe Females 235

 Total Number of Wards in Dharmanagar =19 Wards

Figure 2: Dharmanagar Wards Area

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Figure 3: Dharmanagar Total Population Density

Figure 4: Dharmanagar Total Male Population 5

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Figure 5: Dharmanagar Total Female Population

Figure 6: Dharmanagar Sex Ratio 6

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Figure 7: Dharmanagar Work Population

7 Figure 8: Dharmanagar Literacy Rate

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Figure 9: Dharmanagar Male Literacy Rate

Figure 10: Dharmanagar Female Literacy Rate 8

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Figure 11: Dharmanagar Male Illiteracy Rate

Figure 12: Dharmanagar Female Illiteracy Rate 9

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

2.0 Topography

The physiography is characterised by hill ranges, valleys and plains. The state has five anticlinal ranges of hills running north to south, from Boromura in the west, through Atharamura, Longtharai and Shakhan, to the Jampui Hills in the east.The intervening synclines are the Agartala–Udaipur, Khowai–Teliamura, Kamalpur–Ambasa, Kailasahar– Manu and Dharmanagar–Kanchanpur valleys. At an altitude of 939 m (3,081 ft), Betling Shib in the Jampui range is the state's highest point. The small isolated hillocks interspersed throughout the state are known as tillas, and the narrow fertile alluvial valleys, mostly present in the west, are called lungas. A number of rivers originate in the hills of Tripura and flow into Bangladesh.The Khowai, Dhalai, Manu, Juri and Longai flow towards the north; the Gumti to the west; and the Muhuri and Feni to the south west.

3.0 Climate

In Dharmanagar, the wet season is hot, oppressive, and mostly cloudy and the dry season is warm and mostly clear. The warmest month of the year is August, with an average temperature of 28.2 °C | 82.8 °F. At 18.2 °C | 64.8 °F on average, January is the coldest month of the year.

Figure 13: Average Temperature of Dharmanagar 4.0 Rainfall To show variation within the months and not just the monthly totals, we show the rainfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day of the year. Dharmanagar experiences extreme seasonal variation in monthly rainfall.The rainy period of the year lasts for 10 months, from February 1 to December 1, with a sliding 31-day rainfall of at least 0.5 inches. The most rain falls during the 31 days centered around June 12, with an average total accumulation of 13.0 inches.The rainless period of the year lasts for 2.0 months, from December 1 to February 1. The least rain falls around January 10, with an average total accumulation of 0.3 inches.

Dharmanagar has significant rainfall most months, with a short dry season. The Köppen-Geiger climate classification is Am. The average annual temperature is 24.8 °C in Dharmanagar. In a year, the rainfall is 2698 mm.

Figure 14: Average weather by month of Dharmanagar

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

5.0 Existing Site Soil Conditions

In general, soils of the area are acidic in nature. The pH of soil ranges from 5.50 to 5.64. Nitrogen and phosphate is low, available potash is medium to high, calcium, magnesium and sulphur are deficient in these soils. In the area lateritic soil is found in tilla (hilly / small mounds) area, younger soils or river valley soils are found along all major river courses. Clayey soils are found in paddy fields. Apart from these, sandy loam, clayey loam and loamy soils are also available.

6.0 Ground Water Resource

 Physiographical, the northeaster region can be subdivided into several units each with distinctive characteristics. Hydrological condition is correlated with geomorphic units, which in turn can provide reliable data on groundwater.  The major geomorphic element observed in Tripura is north-south running parallel hill regions and intervening valleys. The hills are tightly folded anticlines with broad synclinal valleys. These anticline hills form watersheds from which drainage patterns emerge. Geologically, the area is occupied by the folded sedimentary formations ranging in age from lower Tertiary to Recent. Of the various groups of rocks found, Tipam sandstones are considered the main producer aquifer.  Extensive hydrological surveys carried out by the Central Groundwater Board in almost all the valleys of Tripura revealed three to four major aquifers within 259m in depth. Such thickness varies from valley to valley but decreases considerably in the synclinal valleys of Kamalpur, Kailashsahar and Dharmanagar. The anticlinal hills intervening the synclinal valley not only act as ground water divides but the sandy formations exposed therein act as recharge zone. Since the recharge area lies in the anticlinal hills, favourable artesian conditions occur whenever good thickness of impermeable clay beds underline and overlie the saturated granular zones. Flowing conditions with auto-flow of 100 to 3000 liters per hour are found mainly in the central part of most of the synclinal valley of Tripura.The worthiness of ground water also varies from valley to valley. While in Agratala valley in the west, they are positively potential, it becomes moderate towards Dharmanagar on the north east.  Records of the technical details from 15 different locations in four districts indicate that tube-wells have been successfully constructed in all the synclinal valleys of Tripura. Large numbers of shallow tube-wells have been constructed by the State Government at depth of 30m to 60m. In areas fringing the hills (within 2 to 4km), water table generally appear deep and sediments fine, Groundwater structures in such area offered low yields and drawdowns are heavy (Prasad, K.K. 1984, Ground Water Resource of North East India, in Resource Potential of North East India vol. 1: 25-32, Meghalaya Science Society).  The shallow aquifer level are normally located within a depth of 50m below ground level (sometime, it may be at 12-20m depth as in Dharmnagar valley or 5-25m in depth as in Kamalpur valley) and the deeper aquifer occur between the depth ranges of 50m to 200m. Recent data in four districts show no decline in groundwater level for 0 to >4m. On the other hand rise in the groundwater level at 0-2m level is noted in 42.11%, at 2-4m level the figure is 57.89% and above 4m level no rise is noted. A total of 19 sampling stations were used to measure the rise and fall of water level during April 1999-August 1999 in Dhalai, North Tripura, South Tripura and West Tripura (Table-1)

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Table : 1 Fall and Rise of water

District No. Of Station Fall Of Water Table Analysed 0- Percentage 2- Percentage >4m Percentage 2m 4m

Dhalai 4 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 North Tripura 3 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 South Tripura 2 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 West Tripura 10 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 Total Number of 19 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 Sampling District No. Of Station Rise of Water Table Analysed 0- Percentage 2- Percentage >4m Percentage 2m 4m Dhalai 4 2 50.0 2 50.0 0 0.00 North Tripura 2 1 50.0 1 50.0 0 0.00 South Tripura 3 1 33.3 2 66.7 0 0.00 West Tripura 10 4 40.0 6 60.0 0 0.00 Total Number of 19 8 42.11 11 57.89 0 0.00 Sampling The depth of water level in all the four districts shows a typical pattern. The water level becomes highest between the month of August and start declining from January to April.

6.1 Ground water quality

The analytical results show that there is no considerable difference between quality of water from shallow and deeper aquifers. Suitability of Ground Water for Drinking and Domestic Use: The pH values of the ground water ranges from 7.14 to 7.90 for shallow aquifer and from 6.36 to 8.19 for deeper aquifer. The BIS (1991) has recommended acceptable range of pH from 9 6.5 to 8.5 for domestic use. The water of the tube well at Panisagar in North Tripura has pH value of 6.36 otherwise all water of the area is acceptable for domestic use in view of pH ranges. Ground water quality in the area is potable and range of all the chemical constituents are within the permissible limit set by BIS (1991), except iron. In shallow aquifer EC values ranges from 75 to 447 and in deeper aquifer it ranges from 105 to 365. Fluoride content in ground water from shallow aquifer ranges from 0.03 to 0.39 ppm and in deeper aquifer it ranges from 0.12 to 0.29ppm. The iron concentration in ground water from shallow aquifer ranges from 0.06 to 3.93 ppm and in deeper aquifer it ranges from 0.06 to 12.00ppm. During ground water exploration at Panisagar the concentration of iron is found to be 12 ppm.

Suitability of Ground Water for Irrigation Use: In general, ground water in the area is suitable for irrigation purpose, except concentration of iron is higher than permissible limit.

Table- 2 Hydrogeological Details of Ground Water Exploration in Dharmanagar

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6.2 Status of ground water development

 Ground water is being developed mostly by construction of deep tube wells, shallow tube wells and RCC wells etc .for drinking, domestic and irrigation purposes. These structures are fitted with suitable pumps or with ordinary hand pumps for withdrawing ground water .In addition to that, there are some shallow tube wells which are auto flow in nature drawing ground water in the district. Drinking water scenario.  In urban areas water supply is done mainly from surface water sources. But in rural areas, deep tube wells and shallow tube wells fitted with suitable pumps provide drinking water to villagers. Water is being supplied directly from deep tube wells without any treatment and certain places water is supplied after iron removal wherever the iron concentration is beyond permissible limit.  There are 138 deep tube wells, 1103 RCC wells in the district. In addition there is one surface water treatment plant in the district. As on 31-03-2008, out of 1092 habitations, 291 are fully covered, 593 are partially covered and 208 are uncovered so for. Irrigation scenario Ground water is being developed for irrigation purposes through deep tube wells; shallow tube wells fitted with pump sets (both electric and diesel pumps) and artesian wells.

6.3 Water conservation and artificial recharge

In the area scope for artificial recharge is minimal because water level in the major part of the district lies between 2 – 5 m bgl. As the area receives about 2430mm of annual rainfall construction of rainwater harvesting structures are possible. Apart from roof top rainwater harvesting structures small & medium sized check dams can be constructed.

6.4 Ground water related issues and problems

 Water Quality problems Ground water of the area is characterized by a generally high iron content which ranges from 0.2 to 12 ppm. The concentration of iron in ground water is generally much above the prescribed desirable limit of 0.3 ppm and maximum permissible of 1 ppm. The iron concentration in water from open well is comparatively less than that of tube wells. This is due to the fact that the scope of aeration is more in open wells allowing the precipitation of ferrous iron as ferric iron. The enrichment of iron in water of the area is due to the ferruginous nature of Tipam sandstones, which forms the major aquifers. The high contents of iron renders ground water unsuitable for drinking purpose, hence the level of concentration should be brought down to the desirable limit before use for drinking purpose, to avoid any health hazards.  Drilling Problems In the area shallow tube wells are drilled manually. It is reported that construction of shallow tube wells is difficult in the foothills and hilly areas of the district due to the presence of hard shale.

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7.0 Flow Chart of Drainage System

Ground Study Existing Natural Natural & manmade Drainage Slope System

Existing Decadal Rainfall Data Analysis Calculation of Storm Natural Water Water Design flow Sources for Drainage Study Disposal Existing and Soil Map Study Proposed No Ground for Designing Verification and Costing

Yes

Drainage BOQ sheet / Drawing Design of Design / Block /Design Materials Section Costing Layout

7.1 Drainage Network System

Storm water Rainfall Courtyard Road SWTP Line

Pond/ Rooftop Natural Drainage

Recharge Bore well Ground Water Recharge

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7.2 Drainage Pattern Map of North Tripura District

Figure 15: Drainage Pattern Map of North Tripura District The overall drainage pattern is dendritic in the North Tripura district.Longai, Juri, Deo are three main rivers of the district flowing towards north. The length of river Deo, Longai, Juri are 132, 98, 79 respectively.(State of Environment Report of Tripura, 2002) Juri river flows through Dharmangar valley and Deo river flows through Kanchanpur Valley meets Manu river.

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8.0 Situation Analysis of the existing drainage system

Figure 15: Existing condition of drainage system Dharmanagar

 The area is currently being utilized for Urban and no instances of large scale flooding have been reported in the recent years. The area is a green field with no formal/manmade storm water drainage system.  There are several small to medium sized natural water bodies in the area which serve to collect, store and eventually discharge the rainwater into the tributaries which finally fall into river or percolate the runoff into the ground over a period of time. Proper planning for a storm water drainage system is crucial considering increased runoff as the paved area would increase after the proposed development.

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8.1 Existing Storm water drainage network of Dharamanagar

8.2 Issues of existing drainage system

 The most of the area is semi paved and thus at present, most of the rainfall which falls on this area infiltrates into ground. But once this area is developed, the major portion of the rainfall will not find its way to the underground water and thus get filled in the low lying areas. Therefore, the conveyance of this rainfall to the proper outfall is a necessity. Figure 16: Existing condition of drainage system Dharmanagar

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

9.0 Proposals and designing of the drainage system

The following point shall be considered, while planning and designing of the drainage system:  The storm water drainage system is proposed to be integrated with a rain water harvesting system to minimize the impact of tapping of ground water as a water supply source and increase in impervious surfaces on the ground water table.  Drain should be planned according to the ground levels, slope of the ground, valley and ridges and also the land use planned for urban development.  Drains should be planned to get good longitudinal slope, considering the nature of soil, water level.  Drainage of large area can be better achieved by subdividing it into small grids to avoid a long main drain.  Efficiency in maintenance of drainage system should be an important consideration in selecting the size, (covered or open) shape and the location.  The specification of the drain should also aim at preventing the possibility of ingress of other extraneous materials, debris, rubbish, vegetation etc. Where gratings are provided on drains, they should so locate as to attract attention of maintenance staff, easy to approach inspects and clean it.  An attempt shall be made in the design to provide higher starting and higher outfall bed levels in drains. A free outfall shall be attempted as far as possible.  Design of main drain shall be so made as to allow use of normal methods for desalting operation.  Inlets to the drains to be properly designed and located.  It is always desirable that run off from the catchment areas outside the city boundary should be taken by suitable drain layout to bypass the township.  The design flow will be the runoff from rainfall only.

10.0 Objective

Development of Stormwater Managament of Dramanagar

11.0 Aims - AMRUT Project

The main objectives of the AMRUT project are– a) To ensure that every household has tap access to tap, with assured supply of water and sewage connection b) Increase the amenity value of city by developing greenery and well maintained open spaces c) Reduce pollution by switching to public transport or constructing facilities for non- motorized transport

Formulation of GIS based master plan for AMRUT cities is one of the important reforms under AMRUT. The main objectives of the sub-schemes are: 1) To develop common georeferenced base maps and Land use maps using Geographical Information System(GIS) and 2) Master Plan Formulation for AMRUT cities

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12.0 Conclusion of Existing Storm water Drainage System

1. In many part of Dharmanagar the drainage system is constructed necessarily by ULB and as per requirement of area for feeding it partially. So that in most area of the city the drainage system shouldn’t carry the rain water in the Rainy season. 2. Drainage network of the Dharmanagar is not constructed properly which causes water logging in many places of the Dharmanagar . 3. Main connectivity of drainage out fall point is not proper due to which the disposal of drainage will not occur and found in some places, where discharge point of drainage system is upto a low lying area at the outer side of city which further will be collected there leading in water logging in several places. 4. There is an irregularity of drain section which is constructed at many places in Dharmanagar. At some places there are bigger section of drains which turns in small section due to which the discharge of drainage may be affected and causes waterlogging. 5. At some places invert level is not proper at junction of drainage network so that there will be a free flow in drainage system, due to which the flow of drain may be obstructed and silted which causes water logging. 6. It is observed that at many places drainage network is dismantled, non-continue and filled with sludge and rubbish. It may cause a non-free flow of drainage system and obstructed free flow of drain. 7. In outer part of Dharmanagar, some people have constructed their own houses in scattered manner without considering the level of road and drain. 8. At the connecting point of drainage the highest flood level of Canal/River/ out fall of drainage may be higher than at the drainage invert level which may causes water logging and stoppage of drainage.

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Urban Development Department Government of Tripura

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report Kailashahar

Prepared By:

Vishwakarma 86C, Topsia Road (South)

Kolkata, West Bengal

1 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

1.0 Introduction

Kailashahar is a municipal council city, the headquarters of the Unakoti district in the Indian state of Tripura.It is located along the Bangladesh border. Kailashahar was the ancient capital of the Tripuri kingdom. Its history is associated with Unakoti, noted for its 7th - 9th century AD stone and rock cut images. A Shiva disciple who started the Tripurabda (Tripuri Calendar), prayed for Lord Shiva in Chhambulnagar village on the banks of the Mau river. It is speculated that Chhambulnagar, which is mentioned in Rajmala, was situated near Unakoti Hill.The Prince prayed for Mahadeva in Unakoti. Kailashahar may be the legendary Chhambulnagar. Some believers thought that Har (Shiva) resides in Kailash. Therefore, the place was known as Kailash Har which was later on transformed to Kailashahar. Tripura king Adi-Dharmapha ruled there in the 7th century. He performed a yagna with pomp and gaiety.

The fourth largest urban centre of Tripura. It is the Head Quarters of Unakoti Tripura District and is a Sub-divisional town. This sub-division is bounded by Bangladesh on the North & west, Dharmanagar Subdivision is located on the eastern side and Southern side is covered by Kumarghat. It has a population of 22405 according to 2011 census. It contributes about 2.50% of State Urban population. Kailashahar town is located between 24.33 N latitude and 92.02 East longitude. The town is situated on the bank of river Manu, the longest river of Tripura. The nearest railway station is at Kumarghat which is at a distance of around 25 Km. This town is about 135.00 Km away from the State capital Agartala and 109.00 Km by train from Kumarghat Railway Station to Agartala.

2 Figure1: Location Map of Kailashahar

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

1.1 Demographics

Description Census 2011 Data

Town Name Kailasahar

Civic Type NP

Teshil Name NORTH TRIPURA

District Name NORTH TRIPURA

State Name TRIPURA

Total Population 22405

Total Area 6.19 (Ha)

Total No of House Holds 5631

Total Male Population 11153

Total Female Population 11252

0-6 Age group Total Population 2098

0-6 Age group Male Population 1063

0-6 Age group Female Population 1035

Total Person Literates 19265

Total Male Literates 9684

Total Female Literates 9581

Total Person Illiterates 3140

Total Male Illiterates 1469

Total Female Illiterates 1671

Scheduled Cast Persons 5324

Scheduled Cast Males 2636

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Scheduled Cast Females 2688

Scheduled Tribe Persons 415

Scheduled Tribe Males 467

Scheduled Tribe Females 415

 Total Number of Wards in Kailashahar =15 Wards

4 Figure 2: Kailashahar Wards Area

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Figure 3: Kailashahar Population Density Figure 4: Kailashahar Total Male Population

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Figure 5: Kailashahar Total Female Population Figure 6: Kailashahar Sex Ratio

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Figure 7: Kailashahar Work Population Figure 8: Kailashahar Literacy Rate

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Figure 9: Kailashahar Male Literacy Rate Figure 10: Kailashahar Female Literacy Rate

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Figure 11: Kailashahar Male Illiteracy Rate Figure 12: Kailashahar Female Illiteracy Rate

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2.0 Topography

The topography of Kailashahar is traversed by mostly of rugged terrain with some undulating surface. About 75 percent of the district geographical areas are characterized by hilly terrain covered with dense forests and only about 25 percent are plains.

3.0 Climate

The Kailashahar lies on 32m above sea level The climate here is tropical. There is significant rainfall in most months of the year. The short dry season has little effect on the overall climate. According to Köppen and Geiger, this climate is classified as Am. The average annual temperature is 24.8 °C | 76.6 °F in Kailashahar. Precipitation here is about 2520 mm | 99.2 inch per year.

4.0 Rainfall Figure 13: Average Temperature of Kailashahar

Figure 14: Average weather by month of Kailashahar

The climate in the area is characterized by moderate temperature and is highly humid in nature. There are three prominent seasons summer, rainy and winter. The summer season spans from March to May and is followed by S W monsoon lasting till September. Winter season starts from November and lasts till the end of February. The district is having 3 nos. of rain gauge stations located at Kailashahar. The average annual rainfall for last 35 years (1971 – 2008) of the area is 2430 mm. Out of that the average monsoon rainfall is 1630 mm. The average nos. of rainy days for last 5 years is 110. Maximum rainfall of 4026 mm (1993) recorded at Kailashahar

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5.0 Existing Site Soil Conditions

In general, soils of the area are acidic in nature. The pH of soil ranges from 5.50 to 5.64. Nitrogen and phosphate is low, available potash is medium to high, calcium, magnesium and sulfur are deficient in these soils. In the area lateritic soil is found in tilla (hilly / small mounds) area, younger soils or river valley soils are found along all major river courses. Clayey soils are found in paddy fields. Apart from these, sandy loam, clayey loam and loamy soils are also available.

6.0 Ground Water Resource

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Table : 1 Fall and Rise of water

District No. Of Station Fall Of Water Table Analysed 0- Percentage 2- Percentage >4m Percentage 2m 4m

Dhalai 4 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 North Tripura 3 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 South Tripura 2 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 West Tripura 10 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 Total Number 19 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 of Sampling District No. Of Station Rise of Water Table Analysed 0- Percentage 2- Percentage >4m Percentage 2m 4m Dhalai 4 2 50.0 2 50.0 0 0.00 North Tripura 2 1 50.0 1 50.0 0 0.00 South Tripura 3 1 33.3 2 66.7 0 0.00 West Tripura 10 4 40.0 6 60.0 0 0.00 Total Number 19 8 42.11 11 57.89 0 0.00 of Sampling

The depth of water level in all the four districts show a typical pattern. The water level becomes highest between the month of August and start declining from January to April.

6.1 Ground water quality

Suitability of Ground Water for Irrigation Use: In general, ground water in the area is suitable for irrigation purpose, except concentration of iron is higher than permissible limit.

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6.2 Status of ground water development

6.3 Water conservation and artificial recharge

6.4 Ground water related issues and problems

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7.0 Flow Chart of Drainage System

Ground Study Existing Natural Natural & manmade Drainage Slope System

Yes

Drainage BOQ sheet / Drawing Design of Design / Block /Design Materials Section Costing Layout

7.1 Drainage Network System

Storm water Rainfall Courtyard Road SWTP Line

Pond/ Rooftop Natural Drainage

Recharge Bore well Ground Water Recharge

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7.2 Drainage Pattern Map of North Tripura District

Figure 15: Drainage Pattern Map of North Tripura District

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8.0 Situation Analysis of the existing drainage system

Figure 15: Existing condition of drainage system Kailashsahar

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8.0 Existing Storm water drainage network of Kailashahar

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8.1 Issues of existing drainage system

Figure 16: Existing condition of drainage system Kailashahar 9.0 Proposals and designing of the drainage system

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10.0 Objective

Development of Stormwater Managament of Kailashahar

11.0 Aims - AMRUT Project

12.0 Conclusion of Existing Storm water Drainage System

1. In many part of Kailashahar the drainage system is constructed necessarily by ULB and as per requirement of area for feeding it partially. So that in most area of the city the drainage system shouldn’t carry the rain water in the Rainy season. 2. Drainage network of the Kailashahar is not constructed properly which causes water logging in many places of the Kailashahar 3. Main connectivity of drainage out fall point is not proper due to which the disposal of drainage will not occur and found in some places, where discharge point of drainage system is upto a low lying area at the outer side of city which further will be collected there leading in water logging in several places. 4. There is an irregularity of drain section which is constructed at many places in Kailashahar. At some places there are bigger section of drains which turns in small section due to which the discharge of drainage may be affected and causes waterlogging. 5. At some places invert level is not proper at junction of drainage network so that there will be a free flow in drainage system, due to which the flow of drain may be obstructed and silted which causes water logging. 6. It is observed that at many places drainage network is dismantled, non-continue and filled with sludge and rubbish. It may cause a non-free flow of drainage system and obstructed free flow of drain. 7. In outer part of Kailashahar, some people have constructed their own houses in scattered manner without considering the level of road and drain. 8. At the connecting point of drainage the highest flood level of Canal/River/ out fall of drainage may be higher than at the drainage invert level which may causes water logging and stoppage of drainage.

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Urban Development Department Government of Tripura

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report Panisagar

Prepared By:

Vishwakarma 86C, Topsia Road (South)

Kolkata, West Bengal

1 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

1.0 Introduction

Panisagar is a town and a nagar panchayat in North Tripura district in the state of Tripura, India. It is also the headquarters of Panisagar Tehsil.

Figure1: Location Map of Panisagar

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1.1 Demographics :

Description Census 2011 Data

Town Name Panisagar

Civic Type CT

Teshil Name PANISAGAR

District Name NORTH TRIPURA

State Name TRIPURA

Total Population 14758

Total Area 18.53 (Ha)

Total No of House Holds 3249

Total Male Population 7748

Total Female Population 7010

0-6 Age group Total Population 1863

0-6 Age group Male Population 949

0-6 Age group Female Population 914

Total Person Literates 12393

Total Male Literates 6632

Total Female Literates 5761

Total Person Illiterates 2365

Total Male Illiterates 1116

Total Female Illiterates 1249

Scheduled Cast Persons 5472

Scheduled Cast Males 2815

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Scheduled Cast Females 2657

Scheduled Tribe Persons 767

Scheduled Tribe Males 801

Scheduled Tribe Females 767

2.0 Topography

3.0 Climate

The Panisagar lies on 38m above sea level Panisagar's climate is classified as tropical. The climate here is classified as Am by the Köppen-Geiger system. The average annual temperature is 24.8 °C in Panisagar. About 2554 mm of precipitation falls annually.

Figure 13: Average Temperature of Panisagar

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4.0 Rainfall

Figure 14: Average weather by month of Panisagar

The average annual temperature is 24.8 °C in Panisagar. About 2554 mm of precipitation falls annually.

5.0 Existing Site Soil Conditions

6.0 Ground Water Resource

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impermeable clay beds underline and overlie the saturated granular zones. Flowing conditions with auto-flow of 100 to 3000 liters per hour are found mainly in the central part of most of the synclinal valley of Tripura.The worthiness of ground water also varies from valley to valley. While in Agratala valley in the west, they are positively potential, it becomes moderate towards Dharmanagar on the north east.  Records of the technical details from 15 different locations in four districts indicate that tube-wells have been successfully constructed in all the synclinal valleys of Tripura. Large numbers of shallow tube-wells have been constructed by the State Government at depth of 30m to 60m. In areas fringing the hills (within 2 to 4km), water table generally appear deep and sediments fine, Groundwater structures in such area offered low yields and drawdowns are heavy (Prasad, K.K. 1984, Ground Water Resource of North East India, in Resource Potential of North East India vol. 1: 25-32, Meghalaya Science Society).  The shallow aquifer level are normally located within a depth of 50m below ground level (sometime, it may be at 12-20m depth as in Dharmnagar valley or 5-25m in depth as in Kamalpur valley) and the deeper aquifer occur between the depth ranges of 50m to 200m. Recent data in four districts show no decline in groundwater level for 0 to >4m. On the other hand rise in the groundwater level at 0-2m level is noted in 42.11%, at 2-4m level the figure is 57.89% and above 4m level no rise is noted. A total of 19 sampling stations were used to measure the rise and fall of water level during April 1999-August 1999 in Dhalai, North Tripura, South Tripura and West Tripura (Table-1)

Table : 1 Fall and Rise of water

District No. Of Station Fall Of Water Table Analysed 0- Percentage 2- Percentage >4m Percentage 2m 4m

The depth of water level in all the four districts shows a typical pattern. The water level becomes highest between the month of August and start declining from January to April.

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6.1 Ground water quality

Suitability of Ground Water for Irrigation Use: In general, ground water in the area is suitable for irrigation purpose, except concentration of iron is higher than permissible limit.

Table- 2 Hydrogeological Details of Ground Water Exploration in Panisagar

6.2 Status of ground water development

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6.3 Water conservation and artificial recharge

6.4 Ground water related issues and problems

7.0 Flow Chart of Drainage System

Ground Study Existing Natural Natural & manmade Drainage Slope System

Yes

Drainage BOQ sheet / Drawing Design of Design / Block /Design Materials Section Costing Layout

8 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

7.1 Drainage Network System

Storm water Rainfall Courtyard Road SWTP Line

Pond/ Rooftop Natural Drainage

Recharge Bore well Ground Water Recharge

9 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

7.2 Drainage Pattern Map of North Tripura District

Figure 15: Drainage Pattern Map of North Tripura District

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8.0 Existing Storm water drainage network of Panisagar

11 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

9.0 Proposals and designing of the drainage system

10.0 Objective

Development of Stormwater Managament of Panisagar

11.0 Aims - AMRUT Project

12 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

12.0 Conclusion of Existing Storm water Drainage System

1. In many part of Panisagar the drainage system is constructed necessarily by ULB and as per requirement of area for feeding it partially. So that in most area of the city the drainage system shouldn’t carry the rain water in the Rainy season. 2. Drainage network of the Panisagar is not constructed properly which causes water logging in many places of the Panisagar. 3. Main connectivity of drainage out fall point is not proper due to which the disposal of drainage will not occur and found in some places, where discharge point of drainage system is upto a low lying area at the outer side of city which further will be collected there leading in water logging in several places. 4. There is an irregularity of drain section which is constructed at many places in Panisagar. At some places there are bigger section of drains which turns in small section due to which the discharge of drainage may be affected and causes waterlogging. 5. At some places invert level is not proper at junction of drainage network so that there will be a free flow in drainage system, due to which the flow of drain may be obstructed and silted which causes water logging. 6. It is observed that at many places drainage network is dismantled, non-continue and filled with sludge and rubbish. It may cause a non-free flow of drainage system and obstructed free flow of drain. 7. In outer part of Panisagar, some people have constructed their own houses in scattered manner without considering the level of road and drain. 8. At the connecting point of drainage the highest flood level of Canal/River/ out fall of drainage may be higher than at the drainage invert level which may causes water logging and stoppage of drainage.

13 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Urban Development Department Government of Tripura

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report Kumarghat

Prepared By:

Vishwakarma 86C, Topsia Road (South)

Kolkata, West Bengal

1 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

1.1 Historical Background:

Kumarghat is a town, municipality, block and a sub-division in Unakoti district in the Indian state of Tripura.

Figure1: Location Map of Kumarghat

2 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

1.2 Demographics :

Description Census 2011 Data

Town Name Kumarghat

Civic Type NP

Teshil Name NORTH TRIPURA

District Name NORTH TRIPURA

State Name TRIPURA

Total Population 13054

Total Area 3.5 (Ha)

Total No of House Holds 3214

Total Male Population 6517

Total Female Population 6537

0-6 Age group Total Population 1422

0-6 Age group Male Population 731

0-6 Age group Female Population 691

Total Person Literates 10889

Total Male Literates 5513

Total Female Literates 5376

Total Person Illiterates 2165

Total Male Illiterates 1004

Total Female Illiterates 1161

Scheduled Cast Persons 3557

Scheduled Cast Males 1777

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Scheduled Cast Females 1780

Scheduled Tribe Persons 371

Scheduled Tribe Males 398

Scheduled Tribe Females 371

 Total Number of Wards in Kumarghat =11 Wards

Figure 2: Kumarghat Wards Area

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Figure 3: Kumarghat Population Density

5 Figure 4: Kumarghat Total Male Population

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Figure 5: Kumarghat Total Female Population

6 Figure 6: Kumarghat Sex Ratio

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Figure 7: Kumarghat Work Population

Figure 8: Kumarghat Literacy Rate 7

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Figure 9: Kumarghat Male Literacy Rate

8 Figure 10: Kumarghat Female Literacy Rate

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Figure 11: Kumarghat Male Illiteracy Rate

9 Figure 12: Kumarghat Female Illiteracy Rate

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

2.0 Topography

The topography is mostly of rugged terrain with some undulating surface. About 75 percent of the district geographical areas are characterized by hilly terrain covered with dense forests and only about 25 percent are plains.

3.0 Climate

Figure 13: Average Temperature of Kumarghat

The Kumarghat lies on 40m above sea level This city has a tropical climate. The summers here have a good deal of rainfall, while the winters have very little. This location is classified as Aw by Köppen and Geiger. The average annual temperature is 24.9 °C in Kumarghat. With an average of 28.5 °C | 83.3 °F, August is the warmest month. The lowest average temperatures in the year occur in January, when it is around 18.5 °C | 65.3 °F.

4.0 Rainfall

Figure 14: Average weather by month of Kumarghat The average annual temperature is 24.9 °C in Kumarghat. The rainfall here averages 2361 mm

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5.0 Existing Site Soil Conditions

In general, soils of the area are acidic in nature. The pH of soil ranges from 5.50 to 5.64. Nitrogen and phosphate is low, available potash is medium to high, calcium, magnesium and sulfur are deficient in these soils. In the area lateritic soil is found in tilla (hilly / small mounds) area, younger soils or river valley soils are found along all major river courses. Clayey soils are found in paddy fields. Apart from these, sandy loam, clayey loam and loamy soils are also available.

6.0 Ground Water Resource

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Table : 1 Fall and Rise of water

District No. Of Station Fall Of Water Table Analysed 0- Percentage 2- Percentage >4m Percentage 2m 4m

The depth of water level in all the four districts show a typical pattern. The water level becomes highest between the month of August and start declining from January to April.

6.1 Ground water quality

Ground Water Scenario of Kumarghat are good. Fine to medium grained sand stones form the principal aquifer.

Suitability of Ground Water for Irrigation Use: In general, ground water in the area is suitable for irrigation purpose, except concentration of iron is higher than permissible limit.

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2.3 Status of ground water development

Ground water is being developed mostly by construction of deep tube wells, shallow tube wells and RCC wells etc .for drinking, domestic and irrigation purposes. These structures are fitted with suitable pumps, Mark II/III or with ordinary hand pumps for withdrawing ground water .In addition to that, there are some shallow tube wells which are auto flow in nature drawing ground water in the district. Drinking water scenario In urban areas water supply is done mainly from surface water sources. But in rural areas, deep tube wells and shallow tube wells fitted with suitable pumps provide drinking water to villagers. Water is being supplied directly from deep tube wells without any treatment and certain places water is supplied after iron removal wherever the iron concentration is beyond permissible limit. There are 138 deep tube wells, 1103 RCC wells in the district. In addition there is one surface water treatment plant in the district. As on 31-03-2008, out of 1092 habitations, 291 are fully covered, 593 are partially covered and 208 are uncovered so for. The Block-wise no of existing sources and coverage is given in Table-3. Irrigation scenario Ground water is being developed for irrigation purposes through deep tube wells; shallow tube wells fitted with pump sets (both electric and diesel pumps) and artesian wells.

2.4 Water conservation and artificial recharge

2.5 Ground water related issues and problems

Water Quality problems Ground water of the area is characterized by a generally high iron content which ranges from 0.2 to 12 ppm. The concentration of iron in ground water is generally much above the prescribed desirable limit of 0.3 ppm and maximum permissible of 1 ppm. The iron concentration in water from open well is comparatively less than that of tube wells. This is due to the fact that the scope of aeration is more in open wells allowing the precipitation of ferrous iron as ferric iron. The enrichment of iron in water of the area is due to the ferruginous nature of Tipam sandstones, which forms the major aquifers. The high contents of iron renders ground water unsuitable for drinking purpose, hence the level of concentration should be brought down to the desirable limit before use for drinking purpose, to avoid any health hazards. Drilling Problems In the area shallow tube wells are drilled manually. It is reported that construction of shallow tube wells is difficult in the foothills and hilly areas of the district due to the presence of hard shale.

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7.0 Flow Chart of Drainage System

Ground Study Existing Natural Natural & manmade Drainage Slope System

Yes

Drainage Design of BOQ sheet / Drawing Design / Block /Design Materials Section Costing Layout

7.1 Drainage Network System

Storm water Rainfall Courtyard Road SWTP Line

Pond/ Rooftop Natural Drainage

Recharge Bore well Ground Water Recharge

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7.2 Drainage Pattern Map of North Tripura District

Figure 15: Drainage Pattern Map of North Tripura District

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8.0 Existing Storm water drainage network of Kumarghat

9.0 Proposals and designing of the drainage system

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 An attempt shall be made in the design to provide higher starting and higher outfall bed levels in drains. A free outfall shall be attempted as far as possible.  Design of main drain shall be so made as to allow use of normal methods for desalting operation.  Inlets to the drains to be properly designed and located.  It is always desirable that run off from the catchment areas outside the city boundary should be taken by suitable drain layout to bypass the township.  The design flow will be the runoff from rainfall only.

10.0 Objective

Development of Stormwater Managament of Kumarghat

11.0 Aims - AMRUT Project

12.0 Conclusion of Existing Storm water Drainage System

1. In many part of Kumarghat the drainage system is constructed necessarily by ULB and as per requirement of area for feeding it partially. So that in most area of the city the drainage system shouldn’t carry the rain water in the Rainy season. 2. Drainage network of the Kumarghat is not constructed properly which causes water logging in many places of the Kumarghat. 3. Main connectivity of drainage out fall point is not proper due to which the disposal of drainage will not occur and found in some places, where discharge point of drainage system is upto a low lying area at the outer side of city which further will be collected there leading in water logging in several places. 4. There is an irregularity of drain section which is constructed at many places in Kumarghat. At some places there are bigger section of drains which turns in small section due to which the discharge of drainage may be affected and causes waterlogging. 5. At some places invert level is not proper at junction of drainage network so that there will be a free flow in drainage system, due to which the flow of drain may be obstructed and silted which causes water logging.

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6. It is observed that at many places drainage network is dismantled, non-continue and filled with sludge and rubbish. It may cause a non-free flow of drainage system and obstructed free flow of drain. 7. In outer part of Kumarghat, some people have constructed their own houses in scattered manner without considering the level of road and drain. 8. At the connecting point of drainage the highest flood level of Canal/River/ out fall of drainage may be higher than at the drainage invert level which may causes water logging and stoppage of drainage.

18 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Urban Development Department Government of Tripura

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report Ambassa

Prepared By:

Vishwakarma 86C, Topsia Road (South)

Kolkata, West Bengal

1 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

1.0 Introduction

Ambassa is the sub district head quarter of the city. District head quarter of the city is Ambassa. Agartala is the state head quarter of the city and is 80 km far from here.

Figure1: Location Map of Ambassa

2 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

1.1 Demographics :

Description Census 2011 Data

Town Name Ambassa

Civic Type NP

Teshil Name DHALAI

District Name DHALAI

State Name TRIPURA

Total Population 16285

Total Area 14.77 (Ha)

Total No of House Holds 4062

Total Male Population 8523

Total Female Population 7762

0-6 Age group Total Population 1867

0-6 Age group Male Population 927

0-6 Age group Female Population 940

Total Person Literates 13821

Total Male Literates 7400

Total Female Literates 6421

Total Person Illiterates 2464

Total Male Illiterates 1123

Total Female Illiterates 1341

Scheduled Cast Persons 3655

Scheduled Cast Males 1824

3 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Scheduled Cast Females 1831

Scheduled Tribe Persons 922

Scheduled Tribe Males 947

Scheduled Tribe Females 922

4 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

2.0 Topography

It is mainly between two hills: Atharamura Range and Sakhan Range. More than 70% area is hilly and forest covered. The terrain is mostly undulating and hilly with small water streams (chharas), rivers and fertile valleys intervening. Major rivers originating from Dhalai are Dhalai, Khowai, Gomati and Manu.

3.0 Climate

 The Tropical climate with hot and humid summers, a prolonged rainy season and warm winters. Rains are frequent in March and April. Maximum temperatures in summers and winters are 36 degree and 28 degree Celsius respectively.  The minimum temperatures in summers and winters are 17 degree and 5.3 degree Celsius respectively. September is the warmest month of the year.  The temperature in September averages 28.0 °C | 82.4 °F. January is the coldest month, with temperatures averaging 18.2 °C | 64.8 °F.

Figure 13: Average Temperature of Ambassa 4.0 Rainfall

Figure 14: Average weather by month of Ambassa

 The driest month is December, with 5 mm | 0.2 inch of rain. Most of the precipitation here falls in June, averaging 453 mm | 17.8 inch.  Yearly average rainfall of the city is 2100 mm.

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5.0 Existing Site Soil Conditions

6.0 Ground Water Resource

 Fine to medium grained sand stones form the principal aquifer. This zone extends bordering the hill ranges i.e. the marginal part of Ambasa,

 The major geomorphic element observed in Tripura is north-south running parallel hill regions and intervening valleys. The hills are tightly folded anticlines with broad synclinal valleys. These anticline hills form watersheds from which drainage patterns emerge. Geologically, the area is occupied by the folded sedimentary formations ranging in age from lower Tertiary to Recent. Of the various groups of rocks found, Tipam sandstones are considered the main producer aquifer.  Extensive hydrological surveys carried out by the Central Groundwater Board in almost all the valleys of Tripura revealed three to four major aquifers within 259m in depth. Such thickness varies from valley to valley but decreases considerably in the synclinal valleys of Kamalpur, Kailashsahar and Dharmanagar. The anticlinal hills intervening the synclinal valley not only act as ground water divides but the sandy formations exposed therein act as recharge zone. Since the recharge area lies in the anticlinal hills, favourable artesian conditions occur whenever good thickness of impermeable clay beds underline and overlie the saturated granular zones. Flowing conditions with auto-flow of 100 to 3000 liters per hour are found mainly in the central part of most of the synclinal valley of Tripura.The worthiness of ground water also varies from valley to valley. While in Agratala valley in the west, they are positively potential, it becomes moderate towards Dharmanagar on the north east.  Records of the technical details from 15 different locations in four districts indicate that tube-wells have been successfully constructed in all the synclinal valleys of Tripura. Large numbers of shallow tube-wells have been constructed by the State Government at depth of 30m to 60m. In areas fringing the hills (within 2 to 4km), water table generally appear deep and sediments fine, Groundwater structures in such area offered low yields and drawdowns are heavy (Prasad, K.K. 1984, Ground Water Resource of North East India, in Resource Potential of North East India vol. 1: 25-32, Meghalaya Science Society).  The shallow aquifer level are normally located within a depth of 50m below ground level (sometime, it may be at 12-20m depth as in Dharmnagar valley or 5-25m in depth as in Kamalpur valley) and the deeper aquifer occur between the depth ranges of 50m to 200m. Recent data in four districts show no decline in groundwater level for 0 to >4m. On the other hand rise in the groundwater level at 0-2m level is noted in 42.11%, at 2-4m level the figure is 57.89% and above 4m level no rise is noted. A total of 19 sampling stations were used to measure the rise and fall of water level during April 1999-August 1999 in Dhalai, North Tripura, South Tripura and West Tripura (Table-1)

6 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Table : 1 Fall and Rise of water

District No. Of Station Fall Of Water Table Analysed 0- Percentage 2- Percentage >4m Percentage 2m 4m

The depth of water level in all the four districts show a typical pattern. The water level becomes highest between the month of August and start declining from January to April.

6.1 Ground water quality

Suitability of Ground Water for Irrigation Use: In general, ground water in the area is suitable for irrigation purpose, except concentration of iron is higher than permissible limit.

7 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

6.2 Status of ground water development

6.3 Water conservation and artificial recharge

6.4 Ground water related issues and problems

8 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

7.0 Flow Chart of Drainage System

Ground Study Existing Natural Natural & manmade Drainage Slope System

Yes

Drainage BOQ sheet / Drawing Design of Design / Block /Design Materials Section Costing Layout

7.1 Drainage Network System

Storm water Rainfall Courtyard Road SWTP Line

Pond/ Rooftop Natural Drainage

Recharge Bore well Ground Water Recharge

9 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

8.0 Situation Analysis of the existing drainage system

Figure 15: Existing condition of drainage system Ambassa

8.1 Existing Storm water drainage network of Ambassa

LEGENDS: Ward Boundary Storm water drainage 10 Pipelines Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

8.2 Issues of existing drainage system

Figure 16: Existing condition of drainage system Ambassa

9.0 Proposals and designing of the drainage system

11 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

10.0 Objective

Development of Stormwater Managament of Ambassa

11.0 Aims - AMRUT Project

12.0 Conclusion of Existing Storm water Drainage System

1. In many part of Ambassa the drainage system is constructed necessarily by ULB and as per requirement of area for feeding it partially. So that in most area of the city the drainage system shouldn’t carry the rain water in the Rainy season. 2. Drainage network of the Ambassa is not constructed properly which causes water logging in many places of the Ambassa 3. Main connectivity of drainage out fall point is not proper due to which the disposal of drainage will not occur and found in some places, where discharge point of drainage system is upto a low lying area at the outer side of city which further will be collected there leading in water logging in several places. 4. There is an irregularity of drain section which is constructed at many places in Ambassa. At some places there are bigger section of drains which turns in small section due to which the discharge of drainage may be affected and causes waterlogging. 5. At some places invert level is not proper at junction of drainage network so that there will be a free flow in drainage system, due to which the flow of drain may be obstructed and silted which causes water logging. 6. It is observed that at many places drainage network is dismantled, non-continue and filled with sludge and rubbish. It may cause a non-free flow of drainage system and obstructed free flow of drain. 7. In outer part of Ambassa, some people have constructed their own houses in scattered manner without considering the level of road and drain. 8. At the connecting point of drainage the highest flood level of Canal/River/ out fall of drainage may be higher than at the drainage invert level which may causes water logging and stoppage of drainage.

12 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Urban Development Department Government of Tripura

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report Kamalpur

Prepared By:

Vishwakarma 86C, Topsia Road (South)

Kolkata, West Bengal

1 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

1.1 Historical Background:

Kamalpur is a town and a nagar panchayat in Dhalai district in the Indian state of Tripura. Around 93 km from the state capital Agartala. Kamalpur is the largest Sub-divisional town in Dhalai District .

Figure 1: Location Map of Kamalpur

2 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

1.2 Demographics :

Description Census 2011 Data

Town Name Kamalpur

Civic Type NP

Teshil Name DHALAI

District Name DHALAI

State Name TRIPURA

Total Population 10872

Total Area 10.16 (Ha)

Total No of House Holds 2914

Total Male Population 5479

Total Female Population 5393

0-6 Age group Total Population 988

0-6 Age group Male Population 520

0-6 Age group Female Population 468

Total Person Literates 9664

Total Male Literates 4890

Total Female Literates 4774

Total Person Illiterates 1208

Total Male Illiterates 589

Total Female Illiterates 619

Scheduled Cast Persons 2654

3 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Scheduled Cast Males 1372

Scheduled Cast Females 1282

Scheduled Tribe Persons 188

Scheduled Tribe Males 263

Scheduled Tribe Females 188

 Total Number of Wards in Dharmanagar =11 Wards

4 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Figure 2: Kamalpur Wards Area

Figure 3: Kamalpur Population Density Figure 4: Kamalpur Total Male Population

5 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Figure 5: Kamalpur Total Female Population Figure 6: Kamalpur Sex Ratio

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Figure 7: Kamalpur Work Population Figure 8: Kamalpur Literacy Rate

7 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Figure 9: Kamalpur Male Literacy Rate Figure 10: Kamalpur Female Literacy Rate

8 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Figure 11: Kamalpur Male Illiteracy Rate Figure 12: Kamalpur Female Illiteracy Rate

9 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

2.0 Topography

The topography of Dhalai district is distinctly hilly and these hills, which cover more than 70 per cent of the total area of the Dhalai district, are wrapped in green forests.

3.0 Climate

 The Kamalpur lies on 153m above sea level Kamalpur's climate is classified as tropical. When compared with winter, the summers have much more rainfall. The climate here is classified as Aw by the Köppen-Geiger system. The temperature here averages 26.5 °C.  The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around 28.1 °C | 82.6 °F. The lowest average temperatures in the year occur in January, when it is around 17.6 °C | 63.7 °F.

Figure 13: Average Temperature of Kamalpur 4.0 Rainfall

Figure 14: Average weather by month of Kamalpur

 According to Köppen and Geiger, this climate is classified as Cwa. The temperature here averages 24.7 °C | 76.5 °F. The annual rainfall is 2271 mm | 89.4 inch.  The least amount of rainfall occurs in December. The average in this month is 5 mm | 0.2 inch. The greatest amount of precipitation occurs in June, with an average of 468 mm | 18.4 inch.

10 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

5.0 Existing Site Soil Conditions

6.0 Ground Water Resource

11 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

were used to measure the rise and fall of water level during April 1999-August 1999 in Dhalai, North Tripura, South Tripura and West Tripura (Table-1) Table : 1 Fall and Rise of water

District No. Of Station Fall Of Water Table Analysed 0- Percentage 2- Percentage >4m Percentage 2m 4m

The depth of water level in all the four districts show a typical pattern. The water level becomes highest between the month of August and start declining from January to April.

6.1 Ground water quality

Suitability of Ground Water for Irrigation Use: In general, ground water in the area is suitable for irrigation purpose, except concentration of iron is higher than permissible limit.

12 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

6.2 Status of ground water development

6.3 Water conservation and artificial recharge

6.4 Ground water related issues and problems

13 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

7.0 Flow Chart of Drainage System

Ground Study Existing Natural Natural & manmade Drainage Slope System

Yes

Drainage BOQ sheet / Drawing Design of Design / Block /Design Materials Section Costing Layout

7.1 Drainage Network System

Storm water Rainfall Courtyard Road SWTP Line

Pond/ Rooftop Natural Drainage

Recharge Bore well Ground Water Recharge

14 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

8.0 Existing Storm water drainage network of Kamalpur

15 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

9.0 Proposals and designing of the drainage system

10.0 Objective

Development of Stormwater Managament of Dramanagar

11.0 Aims - AMRUT Project

16 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

2) Master Plan Formulation for AMRUT cities 12.0 Conclusion of Existing Storm water Drainage System

1. In many part of Kamapur the drainage system is constructed necessarily by ULB and as per requirement of area for feeding it partially. So that in most area of the city the drainage system shouldn’t carry the rain water in the Rainy season. 2. Drainage network of the Kamalpur is not constructed properly which causes water logging in many places of the Kamalpur. 3. Main connectivity of drainage out fall point is not proper due to which the disposal of drainage will not occur and found in some places, where discharge point of drainage system is upto a low lying area at the outer side of city which further will be collected there leading in water logging in several places. 4. There is an irregularity of drain section which is constructed at many places in Kamalpur. At some places there are bigger section of drains which turns in small section due to which the discharge of drainage may be affected and causes waterlogging. 5. At some places invert level is not proper at junction of drainage network so that there will be a free flow in drainage system, due to which the flow of drain may be obstructed and silted which causes water logging. 6. It is observed that at many places drainage network is dismantled, non-continue and filled with sludge and rubbish. It may cause a non-free flow of drainage system and obstructed free flow of drain. 7. In outer part of Kamalpur, some people have constructed their own houses in scattered manner without considering the level of road and drain. 8. At the connecting point of drainage the highest flood level of Canal/River/ out fall of drainage may be higher than at the drainage invert level which may causes water logging and stoppage of drainage.

17 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Urban Development Department Government of Tripura

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report Teliamura

Prepared By:

Vishwakarma 86C, Topsia Road (South)

Kolkata, West Bengal

1 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

1.0 Introduction

Teliamura is a town and a nagar panchayat in Khowai district in the Indian state of Tripura. It is on the National Highway No.08 of India. It is also the headquarters of the recently included sub-division of Teliamura. It is 45 km from Agartala, Capital of Tripura, 35 km from Khowai and 42 km from Ambassa.

2 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

1.1 Demographics :

Description Census 2011 Data

Town Name Teliamura

Civic Type NP

Teshil Name WEST TRIPURA

District Name WEST TRIPURA

State Name TRIPURA

Total Population 21032

Total Area 3.75 (Ha)

Total No of House Holds 5296

Total Male Population 10580

Total Female Population 10452

0-6 Age group Total Population 2082

0-6 Age group Male Population 1076

0-6 Age group Female Population 1006

Total Person Literates 17659

Total Male Literates 9068

Total Female Literates 8591

Total Person Illiterates 3373

Total Male Illiterates 1512

Total Female Illiterates 1861

Scheduled Cast Persons 5405

Scheduled Cast Males 2735

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Scheduled Cast Females 2670

Scheduled Tribe Persons 132

Scheduled Tribe Males 109

Scheduled Tribe Females 132

 Total Number of Wards in Dharmanagar =15 Wards

Figure 2: Teliamura Wards Area

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Figure 3: Teliamura Population Density

5 Figure 4: Teliamura Total Male Population

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Figure 5:Teliamura Total Female Population

Figure 6: Teliamura Sex Ratio 6

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Figure 7: Teliamura Work Population

7 Figure 8: Teliamura Literacy Rate

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Figure 9: Teliamura Male Literacy Rate

8 Figure 10: Teliamua Female Literacy Rate

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Figure 11: Teliamura Male Illiteracy Rate

9 Figure 12: Teliamura Female Illiteracy Rate

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

2.0 Topography

The topography of Khowai district is traversed by mostly of rugged terrain with some undulating surface. About 70 percent of the district geographical areas are characterized by hilly terrain covered with dense forests and only about 25 percent are plains. Baramura hill range is located along western boundary and Atharamura hill range is located along eastern boundary of the district. Average altitude of Khowai is 23 meter. Physiographically, the district can be divided into two divisions- (1) The hill ranges, and (2) The valley / plain areas. THE HILL RANGES-Two hill ranges viz,. Baramura and Atharamura characterise Western and Eastern Part of the District. The average elevation of Atharamura is higher than the Baramura range. THE VALLEY / PLAIN AREAS- In between the hills range are the valleys characterized by gentle slope and broken by intermittent small hillocks (Saigal, 1978). The valley / plain areas in the district consist mainly of Khowai- Taliamura valley. (State of Environment Report of Tripura, 2002).

3.0 Climate

 The Teliamura lies on 51m above sea level This city has a tropical climate. In winter, there is much less rainfall in Teliamura than in summer. The Köppen-Geiger climate classification is Aw. The temperature here averages 25.1 °C | 77.2 °F. About 2068 mm | 81.4 inch of precipitation falls annually.  The temperatures are highest on average in September, at around 28.1 °C | 82.6 °F. January has the lowest average temperature of the year. It is 18.3 °C | 64.9 °F.

Figure 13: Average Temperature of Teliamura 4.0 Rainfall

 The temperature here averages 25.1 °C. About 2068 mm of precipitation falls annually.  The least amount of rainfall occurs in December. The average in this month is 4 mm | 0.2 inch. With an average of 438 mm | 17.2 inch, the most precipitation falls in June.

10 Figure 14: Average weather by month of Teliamura

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

5.0 Existing Site Soil Conditions

6.0 Ground Water Resource

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Table : 1 Fall and Rise of water

District No. Of Station Fall Of Water Table Analysed 0- Percentage 2- Percentage >4m Percentage 2m 4m

The depth of water level in all the four districts show a typical pattern. The water level becomes highest between the month of August and start declining from January to April.

6.1 Ground water quality

Suitability of Ground Water for Irrigation Use: In general, ground water in the area is suitable for irrigation purpose, except concentration of iron is higher than permissible limit.

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2.3 Status of ground water development

Hydro-geologically the area is a moderate to good zone for groundwater development. The water table lies between 15 m and 20 m below ground level in the unconsolidated sandy sediments of recent alluvium. Here the groundwater yield is good and can be developed with the use of deep tube wells. The area and blocks water supply is augmented with dug wells, shallow hand pumps and mini deep tube wells. Drinking water supply division, resource water division has taken initiatives and has installed number of tube wells in the area, which are in operation mode. The tube wells are installed with water jet method and rotary rig method (direct/reverse).Static water level is in the range of 10-15m below ground level. Numbers of water ponds are also there which augments village water supply. Rainfall is high in the range of 1800-2000 mm annually. The study area is mostly dominated by dense vegetation.Paddy cultivation is practiced based on the rainfall.

6.3 Water conservation and artificial recharge

6.4 Ground water related issues and problems

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7.0 Flow Chart of Drainage System

Ground Study Existing Natural Natural & manmade Drainage Slope System

Yes

Drainage BOQ sheet / Drawing Design of Design / Block /Design Materials Section Costing Layout

7.1 Drainage Network System

Storm water Rainfall Courtyard Road SWTP Line

Pond/ Rooftop Natural Drainage

Recharge Bore well Ground Water Recharge

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7.2 Drainage Pattern Map of Khowai District

Figure 15: Drainage Pattern Map of Khowai District

The overall drainage pattern is dendritic in the Khowai district. Khowai river is the main rivers of the district flowing towards north. The length of the river is about 133 km (Debnathet al., 2017). This river originates from Longtharai follow a north-western course then northernly towards Khowai town. The river is rain fed and transport large volume of water especially during the monsoon season causing floods in the lower portion of the valleys. The enormous flow of water sometimes causes the rivers to change their courses (Chatterjee, 1984). During winter season the water level of these rivers falls drastically and the riverbecomes almost stagnant, the channel sometimes gets disconnected (Chatterjee, 1984). Dueto this, the river water cannot be use for irrigation purpose.

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8.0 Existing Storm water drainage network of Telimura

9.0 Proposals and designing of the drainage system

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10.0 Objective

Development of Stormwater Managament of Teliamura

11.0 Aims - AMRUT Project

12.0 Conclusion of Existing Storm water Drainage System

1. In many part of Telimura the drainage system is constructed necessarily by ULB and as per requirement of area for feeding it partially. So that in most area of the city the drainage system shouldn’t carry the rain water in the Rainy season. 2. Drainage network of the Telimura is not constructed properly which causes water logging in many places of the Telimura 3. Main connectivity of drainage out fall point is not proper due to which the disposal of drainage will not occur and found in some places, where discharge point of drainage system is upto a low lying area at the outer side of city which further will be collected there leading in water logging in several places. 4. There is an irregularity of drain section which is constructed at many places in Telimura. At some places there are bigger section of drains which turns in small section due to which the discharge of drainage may be affected and causes waterlogging. 5. At some places invert level is not proper at junction of drainage network so that there will be a free flow in drainage system, due to which the flow of drain may be obstructed and silted which causes water logging.

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6. It is observed that at many places drainage network is dismantled, non-continue and filled with sludge and rubbish. It may cause a non-free flow of drainage system and obstructed free flow of drain. 7. In outer part of Telimura, some people have constructed their own houses in scattered manner without considering the level of road and drain. 8. At the connecting point of drainage the highest flood level of Canal/River/ out fall of drainage may be higher than at the drainage invert level which may causes water logging and stoppage of drainage.

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Urban Development Department Government of Tripura

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report Khowai

Prepared By:

Vishwakarma 86C, Topsia Road (South)

Kolkata, West Bengal

1 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

1.0 Introduction

The Khowai district was created in the year 2012 and the district derives its name from the namesake river which virtually bifurcates the subdivision. In fact, life in the lush green and fertile Khowai valley, sandwiched on eastern and western sides by lateral extension of the Atharomura and Barmura hill ranges is sustained by the Khowai river and its abundant water resources spreading through the subdivision into neighbouring Bangladesh. For proper documentation and delineation of annual deposition of river bed minor minerals (non- metallic) detailed topographical survey and geological work (regional) along with ground checking have been carried out. The prima facie availability of adequate reserves of sand of desired quality under favourable mine ability factors was known. In the area of investigation, the river Khowai becomes antecedent in character since the river maintains its course across the Atharamura hill range and flows northwards throughout the synclinal valley located between Atharamura and Baramura hill range in the East and West respectively. Spreadover about 1328 sq. km.of undulating hills and plains with a population of 3,27,564 (Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Government of Tripura, Agartala,). Khowai district and its name sake headquarter is historically known for protracted political struggle of the indigenous tribal people for emancipation from princely misrule and exploitation from the middle of forties to the early fifties in the last century. Even now life and society in Khowai is synonymous with cultural activities and trends that inspire the whole of Tripura. Apart from its longstanding reputation as a centre of culture, Khowai district is also endowed with a fairly rich infrastructure that provide timely and efficient services to the people.

Figure 1: Location Map of Khowai

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

1.1 Demographics :

Description Census 2011 Data

Town Name Khowai

Civic Type NP

Teshil Name WEST TRIPURA

District Name WEST TRIPURA

State Name TRIPURA

Total Population 18526

Total Area 5.82 (Ha)

Total No of House Holds 4681

Total Male Population 9297

Total Female Population 9229

0-6 Age group Total Population 1500

0-6 Age group Male Population 745

0-6 Age group Female Population 755

Total Person Literates 16582

Total Male Literates 8407

Total Female Literates 8175

Total Person Illiterates 1944

Total Male Illiterates 890

Total Female Illiterates 1054

Scheduled Cast Persons 2037

Scheduled Cast Males 1016

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Scheduled Cast Females 1021

Scheduled Tribe Persons 635

Scheduled Tribe Males 557

Scheduled Tribe Females 635

2.0 Topography

The topography of Khowai district is traversed by mostly of rugged terrain with some undulating surface. About 70 percent of the district geographical areas are characterized by hilly terrain covered with dense forests and only about 25 percent are plains. Baramura hill range is located along western boundary and Atharamura hill range is located along eastern boundary of the district. Average altitude of Khowai is 23 meter.Physiographically, the district can be divided into two divisions- (1) The hill ranges, and (2) The valley / plain areas.The hill ranges-two hill ranges viz,. baramura and atharamura characterise western and eastern part of the district. the average elevation of atharamura is higher than the baramura range. The valley / plain areas- in between the hills range are the valleys characterized by gentle slope and broken by intermittent small hillocks (saigal, 1978). the valley / plain areas in the district consist mainly of khowai- taliamura valley. (state of environment report of tripura, 2002).

3.0 Climate With an average of 28.3 °C | 82.9 °F, September is the warmest month. January has the lowest average temperature of the year. It is 18.0 °C | 64.4 °F.

4.0 Rainfall Figure 13: Average Temperature of Khowai The state as whole and Khowai district in particular has a monsoon type of climate. There is however, difference of temperature between the hills and plains, which ranges between sub-tropical in the plains to temperate climatic conditions found in the hilly areas.The driest month is December. There is 2 mm | 0.1 inch of precipitation in December. With an average of 408 mm | 16.1 inch, the most precipitation falls in June.

4 Figure 14: Average weather by month of Khowai

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

5.0 Existing Site Soil Conditions

6.0 Ground Water Resource

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Table : 1 Fall and Rise of water

District No. Of Station Fall Of Water Table Analysed 0- Percentage 2- Percentage >4m Percentage 2m 4m

The depth of water level in all the four districts show a typical pattern. The water level becomes highest between the month of August and start declining from January to April.

6.1 Ground water quality

Suitability of Ground Water for Irrigation Use: In general, ground water in the area is suitable for irrigation purpose, except concentration of iron is higher than permissible limit.

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2.3 Status of ground water development

6.3 Water conservation and artificial recharge

6.4 Ground water related issues and problems

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7.0 Flow Chart of Drainage System

Ground Study Existing Natural Natural & manmade Drainage Slope System

Yes

Drainage BOQ sheet / Drawing Design of Design / Block /Design Materials Section Costing Layout

7.1 Drainage Network System

Storm water Rainfall Courtyard Road SWTP Line

Pond/ Rooftop Natural Drainage

Recharge Bore well Ground Water Recharge

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7.2 Drainage Pattern Map of Khowai District

Figure 15: Drainage Pattern Map of Khowai District

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8.0 Situation Analysis of the existing drainage system

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8.1 Existing Storm water drainage network of Khowai

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8.2 Issues of existing drainage system

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10.0 Objective

Development of Stormwater Managament of Khowai

11.0 Aims - AMRUT Project

12.0 Conclusion of Existing Storm water Drainage System

1. In many part of Khowai the drainage system is constructed necessarily by ULB and as per requirement of area for feeding it partially. So that in most area of the city the drainage system shouldn’t carry the rain water in the Rainy season. 2. Drainage network of the Khowai is not constructed properly which causes water logging in many places of the Khowai. 3. Main connectivity of drainage out fall point is not proper due to which the disposal of drainage will not occur and found in some places, where discharge point of drainage system is upto a low lying area at the outer side of city which further will be collected there leading in water logging in several places. 4. There is an irregularity of drain section which is constructed at many places in Khowai. At some places there are bigger section of drains which turns in small section due to which the discharge of drainage may be affected and causes waterlogging. 5. At some places invert level is not proper at junction of drainage network so that there will be a free flow in drainage system, due to which the flow of drain may be obstructed and silted which causes water logging. 6. It is observed that at many places drainage network is dismantled, non-continue and filled with sludge and rubbish. It may cause a non-free flow of drainage system and obstructed free flow of drain. 7. In outer part of Khowai, some people have constructed their own houses in scattered manner without considering the level of road and drain. 8. At the connecting point of drainage the highest flood level of Canal/River/ out fall of drainage may be higher than at the drainage invert level which may causes water logging and stoppage of drainage. 9. The Khowai drainage network has main problem at some places in outer part which is that the disposal of drainage carrying through lalchoura up to river Khowai. The existing drainage system of Khowai is connected at 7 places. The connected drain is upto khowai river through kalibari road along the market leading in an obstruction by rubbish,sludge and girth.

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Urban Development Department Government of Tripura

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report Jirania

Prepared By:

Vishwakarma 86C, Topsia Road (South)

Kolkata, West Bengal

1 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

1.0 Introduction

Jirania is a small town in Tripura state of India on the banks of river Saidra. It is a nagar panchayat and also the headquarters of Jirania Rural Development Block. It is located in Sadar sub-divisions of West Tripura district. It has 3 major high schools. Its market is of great importance for the local business and its sustainence. It lies on the National Highway 44 (Assam-Agartala Highway) of India. It is the connecting link with the town of Khumulwng and Mandwi with the national highway. Other nearby towns include Ranirbazar and Champaknagar. A petrol pump near the Jirania market serves for the town and its hinterland. The brick factories in and around Jirania are very famous. There are more than 100 brick factories in Jirania Block.

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1.1 Demographics : Figure 1: Location Map of Jirania

Description Census 2011 Data

Sub District Name Jirania

State Name Tripura

District Name West Tripura

Total Population 142269

Total No of House Holds 33168

Total Male Population 73800

Total Female Population 68469

0-6 Age group Total Population 15798

0-6 Age group Male Population 8199

0-6 Age group Female Population 7599

Total Person Literates 110272

Total Male Literates 59900

Total Female Literates 50372

Total Person Illiterates 31997

Total Male Illiterates 13900

Total Female Illiterates 18097

Scheduled Cast Persons 25631

Scheduled Cast Males 13354

Scheduled Cast Females 12277

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Scheduled Tribe Persons 23406

Scheduled Tribe Males 24184

Scheduled Tribe Females 23406

2.0 Topography

3.0 Climate

 The climate of Tripura exhibits a strong seasonal rhythm. The state is characterised by a warm and humid tropical climate with five distinct seasons, namely, spring, summer, monsoon, autumn and winter.Spring starts from late mid-February & continues till midMarch. Winter returns if there is rain a fresh in mid-February. Summer season starts from middle of March and reaches its peak in April - May. Pre- monsoon rain is always experienced after Jhum harvesting in the hills in March-April. Occasionally there is hardly any gap between pre-monsoon and monsoon rain. The recorded maximum temperature is 35.60°c. The monsoon generally breaks in the later part of May or first week of June and lasts till September. Winter sets in from November and is severe in the month of January when minimum temperature recorded is 4ºc in January 1995.  Humidity is generally high throughout the year. In the summer season the relative humidity is varied from 50 percent to 74 percent whereas in the rainy season it is over 85 percent.

4.0 Rainfall

 A more sensitive element of climate is the variation in rainfall. It varies not only from place to place or from year to year, but also between seasons. Annual rainfall ranges from 1922 mm to 2855 mm. The rainfall generally increases from Southwest to Northeast.

 There is a big gap in the rainfall content in southern and central part around Amarpur, which is surrounded by 1500 mm. Isohyets. The northeastern part of the state around Dharmanagar gets maximum rainfall. Most of the rain comes during the months April June and July to September. This period is generally referred to as the kharif season and this is the major agricultural season of the state.

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5.0 Existing Site Soil Conditions

6.0 Ground Water Resource

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were used to measure the rise and fall of water level during April 1999-August 1999 in Dhalai, North Tripura, South Tripura and West Tripura (Table-1) Table : 1 Fall and Rise of water

District No. Of Station Fall Of Water Table Analysed 0- Percentage 2- Percentage >4m Percentage 2m 4m

The depth of water level in all the four districts show a typical pattern. The water level becomes highest between the month of August and start declining from January to April.

6.1 Ground water quality

Suitability of Ground Water for Irrigation Use: In general, ground water in the area is suitable for irrigation purpose, except concentration of iron is higher than permissible limit.

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2.3 Status of ground water development

6.3 Water conservation and artificial recharge

6.4 Ground water related issues and problems

7 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

7.0 Flow Chart of Drainage System

Ground Study Existing Natural Natural & manmade Drainage Slope System

Yes

Drainage BOQ sheet / Drawing Design of Design / Block /Design Materials Section Costing Layout

7.1 Drainage Network System

Storm water Rainfall Courtyard Road SWTP Line

Pond/ Rooftop Natural Drainage

Recharge Bore well Ground Water Recharge

8 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

8.0 Existing Storm water drainage network of Jirania

9.0 Proposals and designing of the drainage system

9 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

provided on drains, they should so locate as to attract attention of maintenance staff, easy to approach inspects and clean it.  An attempt shall be made in the design to provide higher starting and higher outfall bed levels in drains. A free outfall shall be attempted as far as possible.  Design of main drain shall be so made as to allow use of normal methods for desalting operation.  Inlets to the drains to be properly designed and located.  It is always desirable that run off from the catchment areas outside the city boundary should be taken by suitable drain layout to bypass the township.  The design flow will be the runoff from rainfall only.

10.0 Objective

Development of Storm water Management of Jirania

11.0 Aims - AMRUT Project

12.0 Conclusion of Existing Storm water Drainage System

1. In many part of Jirania the drainage system is constructed necessarily by ULB and as per requirement of area for feeding it partially. So that in most area of the city the drainage system shouldn’t carry the rain water in the Rainy season. 2. Drainage network of the Jirania is not constructed properly which causes water logging in many places of the Jirania. 3. Main connectivity of drainage out fall point is not proper due to which the disposal of drainage will not occur and found in some places, where discharge point of drainage system is upto a low lying area at the outer side of city which further will be collected there leading in water logging in several places. 4. There is an irregularity of drain section which is constructed at many places in Jirania. At some places there are bigger section of drains which turns in small section due to which the discharge of drainage may be affected and causes waterlogging. 5. At some places invert level is not proper at junction of drainage network so that there will be a free flow in drainage system, due to which the flow of drain may be obstructed and silted which causes water logging.

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6. It is observed that at many places drainage network is dismantled, non-continue and filled with sludge and rubbish. It may cause a non-free flow of drainage system and obstructed free flow of drain. 7. In outer part of Jirania, some people have constructed their own houses in scattered manner without considering the level of road and drain. 8. At the connecting point of drainage the highest flood level of Canal/River/ out fall of drainage may be higher than at the drainage invert level which may causes water logging and stoppage of drainage.

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Urban Development Department Government of Tripura

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report Ranirbazar

Prepared By:

Vishwakarma 86C, Topsia Road (South)

Kolkata, West Bengal

1 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

1.0 Introduction

Ranirbazar is a town and a Municipal Council in West Tripura district in the Indian state of Tripura.

Figure 1: Location Map of Ranirbazar

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1.1 Demographics :

Description Census 2011 Data

Town Name Ranirbazar

Civic Type NP

Teshil Name WEST TRIPURA

District Name WEST TRIPURA

State Name TRIPURA

Total Population 13104

Total Area 1.95 (Ha)

Total No of House Holds 3305

Total Male Population 6719

Total Female Population 6385

0-6 Age group Total Population 1265

0-6 Age group Male Population 641

0-6 Age group Female Population 624

Total Person Literates 10968

Total Male Literates 5798

Total Female Literates 5170

Total Person Illiterates 2136

Total Male Illiterates 921

Total Female Illiterates 1215

Scheduled Cast Persons 2473

Scheduled Cast Males 1255

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Scheduled Cast Females 1218

Scheduled Tribe Persons 19

Scheduled Tribe Males 13

Scheduled Tribe Females 19

 Total Number of Wards in Dharmanagar =13 Wards

Figure 2: Ranirbazar Wards Area

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Figure 3:Ranirbazar Population Density

5 Figure 4: Ranirbazar Total Male Population

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Figure 5: Ranirbazar Total Female Population

Figure 6: Ranirbazar Sex Ratio 6

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Figure 7: Ranirbazar Work Population

7 Figure 8: Ranirbazar Literacy Rate

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Figure 9: Ranirbazar Literacy Rate

8 Figure 10: Ranirbazar Female Literacy Rate

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Figure 11: Ranirbazar Male Illiteracy Rate

9 Figure 12: Ranirbazar Female Illiteracy Rate

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

1.3 Topography

1.4 Climate

 The Ranir Bazar lies on 21m above sea level Ranir Bazar's climate is classified as tropical. In winter, there is much less rainfall in Ranir Bazar than in summer. The Köppen-Geiger climate classification is Aw. The temperature here averages 25.4 °C | 77.7 °F. In a year, the rainfall is 2117 mm | 83.3 inch.  At an average temperature of 28.5 °C | 83.3 °F, September is the hottest month of the year. January has the lowest average temperature of the year. It is 18.7 °C | 65.7 °F.

Figure 13: Average Temperature of Ranirbazar 1.5 Rainfall

Figure 14: Average weather by month of Ranirbazar Precipitation is the lowest in December, with an average of 3 mm | 0.1 inch. With an average of 454 mm | 17.9 inch, the most precipitation falls in June.

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5.0 Existing Site Soil Conditions

6.0 Ground Water Resource

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Table : 1 Fall and Rise of water

District No. Of Station Fall Of Water Table Analysed 0- Percentage 2- Percentage >4m Percentage 2m 4m

The depth of water level in all the four districts show a typical pattern. The water level becomes highest between the month of August and start declining from January to April.

6.1 Ground water quality

Suitability of Ground Water for Irrigation Use: In general, ground water in the area is suitable for irrigation purpose, except concentration of iron is higher than permissible limit.

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2.3 Status of ground water development

6.3 Water conservation and artificial recharge

6.4 Ground water related issues and problems

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7.0 Flow Chart of Drainage System

Ground Study Existing Natural Natural & manmade Drainage Slope System

Yes

Drainage BOQ sheet / Drawing Design of Design / Block /Design Materials Section Costing Layout

7.1 Drainage Network System

Storm water Rainfall Courtyard Road SWTP Line

Pond/ Rooftop Natural Drainage

Recharge Bore well Ground Water Recharge

14 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

8.0 Existing Storm water drainage network of Ranirbazar

9.0 Proposals and designing of the drainage system

15 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

10.0 Objective

Development of Storm water Management of Ranirbazar

11.0 Aims - AMRUT Project

12.0 Conclusion of Existing Storm water Drainage System

1. In many part of Ranirbazar the drainage system is constructed necessarily by ULB and as per requirement of area for feeding it partially. So that in most area of the city the drainage system shouldn’t carry the rain water in the Rainy season. 2. Drainage network of the Ranirbazar is not constructed properly which causes water logging in many places of the Ranirbazar. 3. Main connectivity of drainage out fall point is not proper due to which the disposal of drainage will not occur and found in some places, where discharge point of drainage system is upto a low lying area at the outer side of city which further will be collected there leading in water logging in several places. 4. There is an irregularity of drain section which is constructed at many places in Ranirbazar. At some places there are bigger section of drains which turns in small section due to which the discharge of drainage may be affected and causes waterlogging. 5. At some places invert level is not proper at junction of drainage network so that there will be a free flow in drainage system, due to which the flow of drain may be obstructed and silted which causes water logging.

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6. It is observed that at many places drainage network is dismantled, non-continue and filled with sludge and rubbish. It may cause a non-free flow of drainage system and obstructed free flow of drain. 7. In outer part of Ranirbazar, some people have constructed their own houses in scattered manner without considering the level of road and drain. 8. At the connecting point of drainage the highest flood level of Canal/River/ out fall of drainage may be higher than at the drainage invert level which may causes water logging and stoppage of drainage.

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Urban Development Department Government of Tripura

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report Mohanpur

Prepared By:

Vishwakarma 86C, Topsia Road (South)

Kolkata, West Bengal

1 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

1.0 Introduction

Mohanpur is a Town in Madhupur Block in West Tripura District of Tripura State, India. It is located 20 KM towards North from District head quarters Agartala. It is a Block head quarter.

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1.1 Demographics :

Description Census 2011 Data

Town Name Mohanpur

Civic Type CT

Teshil Name SURJYAMONINAGAR

District Name WEST TRIPURA

State Name TRIPURA

Total Population 14105

Total Area 6.23 (Ha)

Total No of House Holds 3591

Total Male Population 7178

Total Female Population 6927

0-6 Age group Total Population 1374

0-6 Age group Male Population 722

0-6 Age group Female Population 652

Total Person Literates 11848

Total Male Literates 6153

Total Female Literates 5695

Total Person Illiterates 2257

Total Male Illiterates 1025

Total Female Illiterates 1232

Scheduled Cast Persons 1922

Scheduled Cast Males 985

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Scheduled Cast Females 937

Scheduled Tribe Persons 52

Scheduled Tribe Males 45

Scheduled Tribe Females 52

2.0 Topography Geography. Madhupur is at24.26°N 86.65°E. It has an average elevation of 228 metres (748 ft). Madhupur is surrounded by two monsoon rivers, Pathro Nadi and Jayanti Nadi.

3.0 Climate

The Madhupur lies on 252m above sea level In Madhupur, the climate is warm and temperate. In winter, there is much less rainfall than in summer. According to Köppen and Geiger, this climate is classified as Cwa. The temperature here averages 25.5 °C.

4.0 Rainfall

According to Köppen and Geiger, this climate is classified as Cwa. The temperature here averages 25.5 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1189 mm.

5.0 Existing Site Soil Conditions

6.0 Ground Water Resource

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intervening the synclinal valley not only act as ground water divides but the sandy formations exposed therein act as recharge zone. Since the recharge area lies in the anticlinal hills, favourable artesian conditions occur whenever good thickness of impermeable clay beds underline and overlie the saturated granular zones. Flowing conditions with auto-flow of 100 to 3000 liters per hour are found mainly in the central part of most of the synclinal valley of Tripura.The worthiness of ground water also varies from valley to valley. While in Agratala valley in the west, they are positively potential, it becomes moderate towards Dharmanagar on the north east.  Records of the technical details from 15 different locations in four districts indicate that tube-wells have been successfully constructed in all the synclinal valleys of Tripura. Large numbers of shallow tube-wells have been constructed by the State Government at depth of 30m to 60m. In areas fringing the hills (within 2 to 4km), water table generally appear deep and sediments fine, Groundwater structures in such area offered low yields and drawdowns are heavy (Prasad, K.K. 1984, Ground Water Resource of North East India, in Resource Potential of North East India vol. 1: 25-32, Meghalaya Science Society).  The shallow aquifer level are normally located within a depth of 50m below ground level (sometime, it may be at 12-20m depth as in Dharmnagar valley or 5-25m in depth as in Kamalpur valley) and the deeper aquifer occur between the depth ranges of 50m to 200m. Recent data in four districts show no decline in groundwater level for 0 to >4m. On the other hand rise in the groundwater level at 0-2m level is noted in 42.11%, at 2-4m level the figure is 57.89% and above 4m level no rise is noted. A total of 19 sampling stations were used to measure the rise and fall of water level during April 1999-August 1999 in Dhalai, North Tripura, South Tripura and West Tripura (Table-1) Table : 1 Fall and Rise of water

District No. Of Station Fall Of Water Table Analysed 0- Percentage 2- Percentage >4m Percentage 2m 4m

The depth of water level in all the four districts show a typical pattern. The water level becomes highest between the month of August and start declining from January to April.

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6.1 Ground water quality

Suitability of Ground Water for Irrigation Use: In general, ground water in the area is suitable for irrigation purpose, except concentration of iron is higher than permissible limit.

2.3 Status of ground water development

6.3 Water conservation and artificial recharge

6.4 Ground water related issues and problems

6 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

sandstones, which forms the major aquifers. The high contents of iron renders ground water unsuitable for drinking purpose, hence the level of concentration should be brought down to the desirable limit before use for drinking purpose, to avoid any health hazards.  Drilling Problems In the area shallow tube wells are drilled manually. It is reported that construction of shallow tube wells is difficult in the foothills and hilly areas of the district due to the presence of hard shale.

7.0 Flow Chart of Drainage System

Ground Study Existing Natural Natural & manmade Drainage Slope System

Yes

Drainage BOQ sheet / Drawing Design of Design / Block /Design Materials Section Costing Layout

7.1 Drainage Network System

Storm water Rainfall Courtyard Road SWTP Line

Pond/ Rooftop Natural Drainage

Recharge Bore well Ground Water Recharge 7 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Dharmanagar8.0 Existing Storm water drainage network of Mohanpur

8 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

9.0 Proposals and designing of the drainage system

10.0 Objective

Development of Stormwater Managament of Mohanpur

11.0 Aims - AMRUT Project

9 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

12.0 Conclusion of Existing Storm water Drainage System

1. In many part of Mohanpur the drainage system is constructed necessarily by ULB and as per requirement of area for feeding it partially. So that in most area of the city the drainage system shouldn’t carry the rain water in the Rainy season. 2. Drainage network of the Mohanpur is not constructed properly which causes water logging in many places of the Mohanpur 3. Main connectivity of drainage out fall point is not proper due to which the disposal of drainage will not occur and found in some places, where discharge point of drainage system is upto a low lying area at the outer side of city which further will be collected there leading in water logging in several places. 4. There is an irregularity of drain section which is constructed at many places in Mohanpur. At some places there are bigger section of drains which turns in small section due to which the discharge of drainage may be affected and causes waterlogging. 5. At some places invert level is not proper at junction of drainage network so that there will be a free flow in drainage system, due to which the flow of drain may be obstructed and silted which causes water logging. 6. It is observed that at many places drainage network is dismantled, non-continue and filled with sludge and rubbish. It may cause a non-free flow of drainage system and obstructed free flow of drain. 7. In outer part of Mohanpur, some people have constructed their own houses in scattered manner without considering the level of road and drain. 8. At the connecting point of drainage the highest flood level of Canal/River/ out fall of drainage may be higher than at the drainage invert level which may causes water logging and stoppage of drainage.

10 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Urban Development Department Government of Tripura

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report Bishalgarh

Prepared By:

Vishwakarma 86C, Topsia Road (South)

Kolkata, West Bengal

1 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

1.1 Historical Background:

Bishalgarh is a major town located in the Sepahijala district, Tripura, India.

Figure 1: Location Map of Bishalgarh

2 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

1.2 Demographics :

Description Census 2011 Data

Town Name Bishalgarh

Civic Type NP

Teshil Name WEST TRIPURA

District Name WEST TRIPURA

State Name TRIPURA

Total Population 21085

Total Area 9.51 (Ha)

Total No of House Holds 5216

Total Male Population 10640

Total Female Population 10445

0-6 Age group Total Population 2044

0-6 Age group Male Population 1007

0-6 Age group Female Population 1037

Total Person Literates 17970

Total Male Literates 9302

Total Female Literates 8668

Total Person Illiterates 3115

Total Male Illiterates 1338

Total Female Illiterates 1777

Scheduled Cast Persons 3542

3 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Scheduled Cast Males 1770

Scheduled Cast Females 1772

Scheduled Tribe Persons 23

Scheduled Tribe Males 20

Scheduled Tribe Females 23

 Total Number of Wards in Bishalgarh =19 Wards

4 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Figure 2: Bishalgarh Wards Area

Figure 3: Bishalgarh Population Density Figure 4: Bishalgarh Total Male Population

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Figure 5:Bishalgarh Total Female Population Figure 6: Bishalgarh Sex Ratio

6 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

7 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Figure 7: Bishalgarh Work Population Figure 8: Bishalgarh Literacy Rate

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Figure 9: Bishalgarh Male Literacy Rate Figure 10: Bishalgarh Female Literacy Rate

Figure 11: Bishalgarh Male Illiteracy Rate Figure 12: Bishalgarh Female Illiteracy Rate

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2.0 Topography

West Tripura District is one of four administrative district of Tripura with its headquarters at Agartala. West Tripura district is Surrounded by Bangladesh in the north and west by North Tripura District in the east and by South Tripura District in the south. Tripura became a full fledged state in January1972.For better attention of problems of land and tenancies,for accelerating thepace of development,Tripura was divided into four districts.Main languages spoken in the district are Bengali Language, Kokborok language and Manipuri language. Geographically the state is a part of Purvanchal (Eastern Montains) and the region represents a low lying plain pierced by a series of low drawn spars projecting from the lugai / Mizor hills. It is actually part of the surma valley, built up by river borne detritus materials. There are six prominent hill ranges running parallel from north to south and keeping an average distance of about 20 kms fromeach other. From East to West these ranges are: Jampui,Kakhautang, Longthorai,Atharamura,Sardaug,Baramura

3.0 Climate

In Bishalgarh , the wet season is hot, oppressive, and mostly cloudy and the dry season is warm and mostly clear. Over the course of the year, the temperature typically varies from 52°F to 91°F and is rarely below 47°F or above 96°F.

4.0 Rainfall

Average annual rainfall in the district is about 2000 mm and the temperature varies between a maximum of 35.23 and a minimum of 7.43 Celsius.

5.0 Existing Site Soil Conditions

6.0 Ground Water Resource

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ranging in age from lower Tertiary to Recent. Of the various groups of rocks found, Tipam sandstones are considered the main producer aquifer.  Extensive hydrological surveys carried out by the Central Groundwater Board in almost all the valleys of Tripura revealed three to four major aquifers within 259m in depth. Such thickness varies from valley to valley but decreases considerably in the synclinal valleys of Kamalpur, Kailashsahar and Dharmanagar. The anticlinal hills intervening the synclinal valley not only act as ground water divides but the sandy formations exposed therein act as recharge zone. Since the recharge area lies in the anticlinal hills, favourable artesian conditions occur whenever good thickness of impermeable clay beds underline and overlie the saturated granular zones. Flowing conditions with auto-flow of 100 to 3000 liters per hour are found mainly in the central part of most of the synclinal valley of Tripura.The worthiness of ground water also varies from valley to valley. While in Agratala valley in the west, they are positively potential, it becomes moderate towards Dharmanagar on the north east.  Records of the technical details from 15 different locations in four districts indicate that tube-wells have been successfully constructed in all the synclinal valleys of Tripura. Large numbers of shallow tube-wells have been constructed by the State Government at depth of 30m to 60m. In areas fringing the hills (within 2 to 4km), water table generally appear deep and sediments fine, Groundwater structures in such area offered low yields and drawdowns are heavy (Prasad, K.K. 1984, Ground Water Resource of North East India, in Resource Potential of North East India vol. 1: 25-32, Meghalaya Science Society).  The shallow aquifer level are normally located within a depth of 50m below ground level (sometime, it may be at 12-20m depth as in Dharmnagar valley or 5-25m in depth as in Kamalpur valley) and the deeper aquifer occur between the depth ranges of 50m to 200m. Recent data in four districts show no decline in groundwater level for 0 to >4m. On the other hand rise in the groundwater level at 0-2m level is noted in 42.11%, at 2-4m level the figure is 57.89% and above 4m level no rise is noted. A total of 19 sampling stations were used to measure the rise and fall of water level during April 1999-August 1999 in Dhalai, North Tripura, South Tripura and West Tripura (Table-1) Table : 1 Fall and Rise of water

District No. Of Station Fall Of Water Table Analysed 0- Percentage 2- Percentage >4m Percentage 2m 4m

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The depth of water level in all the four districts show a typical pattern. The water level becomes highest between the month of August and start declining from January to April.

6.1 Ground water quality

Suitability of Ground Water for Irrigation Use: In general, ground water in the area is suitable for irrigation purpose, except concentration of iron is higher than permissible limit.

2.3 Status of ground water development

6.3 Water conservation and artificial recharge

6.4 Ground water related issues and problems

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7.0 Flow Chart of Drainage System

Ground Study Existing Natural Natural & manmade Drainage Slope System

Yes

Drainage BOQ sheet / Drawing Design of Design / Block /Design Materials Section Costing Layout

7.1 Drainage Network System

Storm water Rainfall Courtyard Road SWTP Line

Pond/ Rooftop Natural 13 Drainage Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

8.0 Existing Storm water drainage network of Bishalgarh

14 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

9.0 Proposals and designing of the drainage system

10.0 Objective

Development of Stormwater Managament of Bishalgarh

11.0 Aims - AMRUT Project

15 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

12.0 Conclusion of Existing Storm water Drainage System

1. In many part of Bishalgarh the drainage system is constructed necessarily by ULB and as per requirement of area for feeding it partially. So that in most area of the city the drainage system shouldn’t carry the rain water in the Rainy season. 2. Drainage network of the Bishalgarh is not constructed properly which causes water logging in many places of the Bishalgarh. 3. Main connectivity of drainage out fall point is not proper due to which the disposal of drainage will not occur and found in some places, where discharge point of drainage system is upto a low lying area at the outer side of city which further will be collected there leading in water logging in several places. 4. There is an irregularity of drain section which is constructed at many places in Bishalgarh. At some places there are bigger section of drains which turns in small section due to which the discharge of drainage may be affected and causes waterlogging. 5. At some places invert level is not proper at junction of drainage network so that there will be a free flow in drainage system, due to which the flow of drain may be obstructed and silted which causes water logging. 6. It is observed that at many places drainage network is dismantled, non-continue and filled with sludge and rubbish. It may cause a non-free flow of drainage system and obstructed free flow of drain. 7. In outer part of Bishalgarh, some people have constructed their own houses in scattered manner without considering the level of road and drain. 8. At the connecting point of drainage the highest flood level of Canal/River/ out fall of drainage may be higher than at the drainage invert level which may causes water logging and stoppage of drainage.

16 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Urban Development Department Government of Tripura

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report Melaghar

Prepared By:

Vishwakarma 86C, Topsia Road (South)

Kolkata, West Bengal

1 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

1.1 Historical Background:

Melaghar is a village in Sipahijala district in the Indian state of Tripura, situated about 50 km (approx. 30 mi) from capital Agartala. It is a neighbour to Sonamura and only 10 km (6 miles) away from the Bangladesh international border. The area contains a hospital, police station, a few major higher secondary and primary schools, motorstand, petrol-pump, cell- phone towers and a town hall. The famous Neermahal is situated in the middle of Rudrasagar Lake in this village. Also famous Veeramma Kali Temple built by Famous T. veeramani thirumeni, project manager at BBR(India) PVT LTD, from Karaikkudi, Tamil Nadu, India.

Figure 1: Location Map of Melaghar

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

1.2 Demographics :

Description Census 2011 Data

Sub District Name Melaghar

State Name Tripura

District Name West Tripura

Total Population 121474

Total No of House Holds 27654

Total Male Population 62284

Total Female Population 59190

0-6 Age group Total Population 15164

0-6 Age group Male Population 7732

0-6 Age group Female Population 7432

Total Person Literates 93266

Total Male Literates 50069

Total Female Literates 43197

Total Person Illiterates 28208

Total Male Illiterates 12215

Total Female Illiterates 15993

Scheduled Cast Persons 34902

Scheduled Cast Males 18004

Scheduled Cast Females 16898

Scheduled Tribe Persons 8415

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Scheduled Tribe Males 8702

Scheduled Tribe Females 8415

1.3 Topography

1.4 Climate

Melaghar has a tranquil climate most of the year. However, summertime can be excessively hot, dry, humid, and interspersed with rains and thunderstorms. Winter generally starts towards the end of November and lasts until February, where the temperatures can reach very low conditions.

1.5 Rainfall Figure 13: Average Temperature of Melaghar

 Melaghar has a tropical climate. The summers are much rainier than the winters in Melaghar. The Köppen-Geiger climate classification is Aw.  The average temperature in Melaghar is 25.5 °C | 77.8 °F. The rainfall here is around 2285 mm | 90.0 inch per year.

Figure 14: Average weather by month of Melaghar 4

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

5.0 Existing Site Soil Conditions

6.0 Ground Water Resource

5 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Table : 1 Fall and Rise of water

District No. Of Station Fall Of Water Table Analysed 0- Percentage 2- Percentage >4m Percentage 2m 4m

The depth of water level in all the four districts show a typical pattern. The water level becomes highest between the month of August and start declining from January to April.

6.1 Ground water quality

Suitability of Ground Water for Irrigation Use: In general, ground water in the area is suitable for irrigation purpose, except concentration of iron is higher than permissible limit.

6 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

2.3 Status of ground water development

6.3 Water conservation and artificial recharge

6.4 Ground water related issues and problems

7 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

7.0 Flow Chart of Drainage System

Ground Study Existing Natural Natural & manmade Drainage Slope System

Yes

Drainage BOQ sheet / Drawing Design of Design / Block /Design Materials Section Costing Layout

7.1 Drainage Network System

Storm water Rainfall Courtyard Road SWTP Line

Pond/ Rooftop Natural Drainage

Recharge Bore well Ground Water Recharge

8 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

8.0 Existing Storm water drainage network of Melaghar

9 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

9.0 Proposals and designing of the drainage system

10.0 Objective

Development of Stormwater Managament of Melaghar

11.0 Aims - AMRUT Project

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12.0 Conclusion of Existing Storm water Drainage System

1. In many part of Melaghar the drainage system is constructed necessarily by ULB and as per requirement of area for feeding it partially. So that in most area of the city the drainage system shouldn’t carry the rain water in the Rainy season. 2. Drainage network of the Melaghar is not constructed properly which causes water logging in many places of the Melaghar. 3. Main connectivity of drainage out fall point is not proper due to which the disposal of drainage will not occur and found in some places, where discharge point of drainage system is upto a low lying area at the outer side of city which further will be collected there leading in water logging in several places. 4. There is an irregularity of drain section which is constructed at many places in Melaghar. At some places there are bigger section of drains which turns in small section due to which the discharge of drainage may be affected and causes waterlogging. 5. At some places invert level is not proper at junction of drainage network so that there will be a free flow in drainage system, due to which the flow of drain may be obstructed and silted which causes water logging. 6. It is observed that at many places drainage network is dismantled, non-continue and filled with sludge and rubbish. It may cause a non-free flow of drainage system and obstructed free flow of drain. 7. In outer part of Melaghar, some people have constructed their own houses in scattered manner without considering the level of road and drain. 8. At the connecting point of drainage the highest flood level of Canal/River/ out fall of drainage may be higher than at the drainage invert level which may causes water logging and stoppage of drainage.

11 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Urban Development Department Government of Tripura

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report Sonamura

Prepared By:

Vishwakarma 86C, Topsia Road (South)

Kolkata, West Bengal

1 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

1.1 Historical Background:

Sonamura India is a town and the headquarter of Sonamura Subdivision in Sipahijala district in the Indian state of Tripura. It lies on the border with Bangladesh, to the east of Comilla. It contains a hospital, police station, jail, and a town hall.

Figure 1: Location Map of Sonamura

2 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

1.2 Demographics :

Description Census 2011 Data

Town Name Sonamura

Civic Type NP

Tehsil Name WEST TRIPURA

District Name WEST TRIPURA

State Name TRIPURA

Total Population 11285

Total Area 4.13 (Ha)

Total No of House Holds 2733

Total Male Population 5698

Total Female Population 5587

0-6 Age group Total Population 1266

0-6 Age group Male Population 646

0-6 Age group Female Population 620

Total Person Literates 8777

Total Male Literates 4545

Total Female Literates 4232

Total Person Illiterates 2508

Total Male Illiterates 1153

Total Female Illiterates 1355

Scheduled Cast Persons 1853

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Scheduled Cast Males 948

Scheduled Cast Females 905

Scheduled Tribe Persons 63

Scheduled Tribe Males 57

Scheduled Tribe Females 63

 Total Number of Wards in Sonamura =11 Wards

Figure 2: Sonamura Wards Area

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5 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Figure 3: Sonamura Population Density

6 Figure 4: Sonamura Total Male Population

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Figure 5: Sonamura Total Female Population

Figure 6: Sonamura Sex Ratio 7

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Figure 7:Sonamura Work Population

8 Figure 8:Sonamura Literacy Rate

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Figure 9: Sonamua Male Literacy Rate

Figure 10: Sonamura Female Literacy Rate 9

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Figure 11: Sonamura Male Illiteracy Rate

Figure 12: Sonamura Female Illiteracy Rate 10

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

2.0 Topography

3.0 Climate

Sonamura, India visibility is going to be around 10 km i.e. 6 miles and an atmospheric pressure of 1014 mb. The daytime temperature is going to reach 28 °c and the temperature is going to dip to 17 °c at night. It will be dry with no precipitation and cloud covering 6% of the sky, the humidity will be around 41%.

4.0 Rainfall

Average annual rainfall in the district is about 2000 mm and the temperature varies between a maximum of 35.23 and a minimum of 7.43 Celsius.

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5.0 Existing Site Soil Conditions

6.0 Ground Water Resource

12 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Table : 1 Fall and Rise of water

District No. Of Station Fall Of Water Table Analysed 0- Percentage 2- Percentage >4m Percentage 2m 4m

The depth of water level in all the four districts show a typical pattern. The water level becomes highest between the month of August and start declining from January to April.

6.1 Ground water quality

Suitability of Ground Water for Irrigation Use: In general, ground water in the area is suitable for irrigation purpose, except concentration of iron is higher than permissible limit.

13 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

2.3 Status of ground water development

6.3 Water conservation and artificial recharge

6.4 Ground water related issues and problems

14 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

7.0 Flow Chart of Drainage System

Ground Study Existing Natural Natural & manmade Drainage Slope System

Yes

Drainage BOQ sheet / Drawing Design of Design / Block /Design Materials Section Costing Layout

7.1 Drainage Network System

Storm water Rainfall Courtyard Road SWTP Line

Pond/ Rooftop Natural Drainage

Recharge Bore well Ground Water Recharge

15 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

8.0 Existing Storm water drainage network of Sonamura

9.0 Proposals and designing of the drainage system

16 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

 Design of main drain shall be so made as to allow use of normal methods for desalting operation.  Inlets to the drains to be properly designed and located.  It is always desirable that run off from the catchment areas outside the city boundary should be taken by suitable drain layout to bypass the township.  The design flow will be the runoff from rainfall only.

10.0 Objective

Development of Storm water Management of Sonamura

11.0 Aims - AMRUT Project

12.0 Conclusion of Existing Storm water Drainage System

1. In many part of Sonamura the drainage system is constructed necessarily by ULB and as per requirement of area for feeding it partially. So that in most area of the city the drainage system shouldn’t carry the rain water in the Rainy season. 2. Drainage network of the Sonamura is not constructed properly which causes water logging in many places of the Sonamura. 3. Main connectivity of drainage out fall point is not proper due to which the disposal of drainage will not occur and found in some places, where discharge point of drainage system is upto a low lying area at the outer side of city which further will be collected there leading in water logging in several places. 4. There is an irregularity of drain section which is constructed at many places in Sonamura. At some places there are bigger section of drains which turns in small section due to which the discharge of drainage may be affected and causes waterlogging. 5. At some places invert level is not proper at junction of drainage network so that there will be a free flow in drainage system, due to which the flow of drain may be obstructed and silted which causes water logging. 6. It is observed that at many places drainage network is dismantled, non-continue and filled with sludge and rubbish. It may cause a non-free flow of drainage system and obstructed free flow of drain.

17 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

7. In outer part of Sonamura, some people have constructed their own houses in scattered manner without considering the level of road and drain. 8. At the connecting point of drainage the highest flood level of Canal/River/ out fall of drainage may be higher than at the drainage invert level which may causes water logging and stoppage of drainage.

18 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Urban Development Department Government of Tripura

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report Udaipur

Prepared By:

Vishwakarma 86C, Topsia Road (South)

Kolkata, West Bengal

1 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

1.0 Introduction

Udaipur formerly known as Rangamati, is the third biggest city in the Indian state of Tripura. The city was a former capital of the state during the reign of the Maharajas. This city is famous for the Tripura Sundari temple also known as Tripureswari temple. It is also the headquarters of Gomati district. Udaipur is about 51 km from Agartala, the capital of Tripura.

Figure 1: Location Map of Udaipur

2 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

1.1 Demographics :

Description Census 2011 Data

Town Name Udaipur

Civic Type NP

Teshil Name SOUTH TRIPURA

District Name SOUTH TRIPURA

State Name TRIPURA

Total Population 32758

Total Area 8.6 (Ha)

Total No of House Holds 8530

Total Male Population 16593

Total Female Population 16165

0-6 Age group Total Population 2836

0-6 Age group Male Population 1502

0-6 Age group Female Population 1334

Total Person Literates 28378

Total Male Literates 14563

Total Female Literates 13815

Total Person Illiterates 4380

Total Male Illiterates 2030

Total Female Illiterates 2350

Scheduled Cast Persons 6323

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Scheduled Cast Males 3228

Scheduled Cast Females 3095

Scheduled Tribe Persons 172

Scheduled Tribe Males 191

Scheduled Tribe Females 172

 Total Number of Wards in Udaipur =19 Wards

Figure 2: Udaipur Wards Area

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Figure 3: Udaipur Population Density

5 Figure 4: Udaipur Total Male Population

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Figure 5: Udaipur Total Female Population

Figure 6: Udaipur Sex Ratio 6

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Figure 7: Udaipur Work Population

7 Figure 8: Udaipur Literacy Rate

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Figure 9: Udaipur Male Literacy Rate

8 Figure 10: Udaipur Female Literacy Rate

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Figure 11: Udaipur Male Illiteracy Rate

Figure 12: Udaipur Female Illiteracy Rate 9

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

2.0 Topography

Physiographically, the area can be divided into two parts, Anticlinal Hill Ranges and Synclinal flat-bottomed valleys. The major hill ranges are Baramura and Atharamura. The trendMof the hill ranges is almost N – S. The height of the hill ranges increases from west to east. The broad synclinal valleys are Udaipur and Amarpur. The valleys are gently undulating with intermittent flood plains of rivers and streams. The undulations formed by 10 to 30 m high mounds with gullies in between them, locally called “loonga.

3.0 Climate

The Udaipur lies on 29m above sea level Udaipur has a tropical climate.This climate is considered to be Aw according to the Köppen- Geiger climate classification. The temperature here averages 25.4 °C | 77.7 °F. In a year, the rainfall is 2020 mm | 79.5 inch.

4.0 Rainfall Figure 13: Average Temperature of Udaipur  Summer: Summers in Udaipur gets quite uncomfortable with humidity increasing and temperatures soaring. The summer starts by March and lasts till the end of May and early June. The maximum temperature recorded in Udaipur is 35 degrees Celsius. The humidity makes it difficult to travel around and isn’t the best time to travel to the lake city.

 Monsoon: The monsoon months in Udaipur are from May up to October. The southwest monsoons results in rainfall in Udaipur and it starts from mid-May. If you want to visit Udaipur during the monsoons, you have to carry umbrellas with you.  Winter: Winters are mild in Udaipur like most of Tripura. The minimum temperature recorded in Udaipur is 7 degrees Celsius. Light woollens as protection are enough to safeguard oneself from the winters here. The winter months lasts from October end to February. It is one of the best times to visit Udaipur.

10 Figure 14: Average weather by month of Udaipur

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

5.0 Existing Site Soil Conditions

In general, soils of the area are acidic in nature. The pH of soil ranges from 5.50 to 5.68. Nitrogen and phosphate is low, available potash is medium to high, calcium, magnesium and sulphur are deficient in these soils. In the area lateritic soil is found in tilla (hilly / small mounds) area, younger soils or river valley soils are found along all major river courses, clayey soils are found in paddy fields. Apart from these, sandy loam, clayey loam and loamy soils are also available.

6.0 Ground Water Resource

Ground water resources for year 2004-05 were estimated by the GEC’97 methodology. During resource estimation, the smallest administrative unit i.e., Block is taken as the unit of computation. The main source of ground water recharge in the district is precipitation. Other sources of ground water recharge in the area are return flow from irrigation and seepage from ponds / tanks. Recharge from rainfall in the area accounts for 90% of the total annual recharge. Comparison of monsoon and non-monsoon rainfall recharge shows that monsoon recharge accounts for 57% and non-monsoon recharge accounts for 43% of total rainfall recharge. Ground water in the area is mostly used for domestic and irrigational purposes. Groundwater draft for industrial purpose is negligible and has not been considered. Net ground water available in the district is 587.5 mcm and ground water draft for all uses is 41.86 mcm. Ground water draft for irrigation and drinking purposes accounts for 57% and 43% of total ground water draft respectively

Table : 1 Fall and Rise of water

District No. Of Station Fall Of Water Table Analysed 0- Percentage 2- Percentage >4m Percentage 2m 4m

The depth of water level in all the four districts show a typical pattern. The water level becomes highest between the month of August and start declining from January to April.

11 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

6.1 Ground water quality

The analytical results show that there is no considerable difference between quality of water from shallow and deeper aquifers.

Suitability of Ground Water for Drinking and Domestic Use: Ground water quality in the area is potable and range of all the chemical constituents are within the permissible limit set by BIS (1991), except iron. In phreatic aquifer pH values of the ground water ranges from 6.94 to 7.01 and EC values ranges from 75 to 447. Fluoride content in ground water from phreatic aquifer ranges from BDL to 0.44 ppm. The content of iron in ground water from phreatic aquifer ranges from 0.08 to 0.65 ppm and in deeper aquifer it ranges from 0.50 to 3.66 ppm.

Suitability of Ground Water for Irrigation Use: In general, ground water in the area is suitable for irrigation purpose, except concentration of iron is higher than permissible limit.

6.2 Status of ground water development

Drinking water scenario In urban areas water supply is done mainly from surface water sources, except in Amarpur. But in rural areas, deep tube wells and shallow tube wells fitted with suitable pumps provide drinking water to villagers. Water is being supplied directly from deep tube wells without any treatment and certain places water is supplied after iron removal where ever the iron concentration is beyond permissible limit There are 309 deep tube wells, 38 shallow tube wells 1709 RCC wells in the district. In addition there are 2 surface water treatment plants in the district. As on 31-03-2008, out of 2406 habitations, 971 are fully covered, 718 are partially covered and 717 are uncovered so for.

Irrigation scenario Ground water is being developed for irrigation purposes through deep tubewells, shallow tubewells fitted with pump sets (both electric and diesel pumps) and artesian wells. The use of dug wells for irrigation purpose is negligible. In Bagafa, Satchand Matabari, Kakraban, Killa and 10 Rajnagar blocks some paddy fields are irrigated through artesian wells. The maximum use of ground water for irrigation purposes is in Bagafa block while in Karbook block the use of ground water for irrigation is nil.

6.3 Water conservation and artificial recharge

In the area, the scope for artificial recharge is minimal because water level in the major part of the district lies between 2 – 5 mbgl. As the area receives about 2055mm of annual rainfall construction of rainwater harvesting structures are possible. Apart from roof top rainwater harvesting structures small and medium sized check dams can be constructed.

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6.4 Ground water related issues and problems

Water Quality problems Ground water from deeper aquifer of the area is characterized by a generally high iron content which ranges from 0.5 to 3.66 ppm. The concentration of iron in ground water is generally much above the prescribed desirable limit of 0.3 ppm and maximum permissible of 1ppm. The iron concentration in water from open well is comparatively less than that of tubewells. This is due to the fact that the scope of aeration is more in open wells allowing the precipitation of ferrous iron as ferric iron. The enrichment of iron in water of the area is due to the ferruginous nature of Tipam sandstones, which forms the major aquifers. The high contents of iron renders ground water unsuitable for drinking purpose, hence the level of concentration should be brought down to the desirable limit before use for drinking purpose, to avoid any health hazards.

Drilling Problems In the district shallow tubewells are drilled manually. It is reported that construction of shallow tubewells is difficult mainly in the foot-hills and hilly areas of the district due to the presence of hard shale.

7.0 Flow Chart of Drainage System

Ground Study Existing Natural Natural & manmade Drainage Slope System

Yes

Drainage BOQ sheet / Drawing Design of Design / Block /Design Materials Section Costing Layout

13 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

7.1 Drainage Network System

Storm water Rainfall Courtyard Road SWTP Line

Pond/ Rooftop Natural Drainage

Recharge Bore well Ground Water Recharge

8.0 Situation Analysis of the existing drainage system

Figure 15: Existing condition of drainage system Udaipur  The area is currently being utilized for Urban and no instances of large scale flooding have been reported in the recent years. The area is a green field with no formal/manmade storm water drainage system. There are several small to medium sized natural water bodies in the area which serve to collect, store and eventually discharge the rainwater into the tributaries which finally fall into river or percolate the runoff into the ground over a period of time. Proper planning for a storm water drainage system is crucial considering increased runoff as the paved area would increase after the proposed development.

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8.0 Existing Storm water drainage network of Udaipur

8.2 Issues of existing drainage system

9.0 Proposals and designing of the drainage system

15 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

 Efficiency in maintenance of drainage system should be an important consideration in selecting the size, (covered or open) shape and the location.  The specification of the drain should also aim at preventing the possibility of ingress of other extraneous materials, debris, rubbish, vegetation etc. Where gratings are provided on drains, they should so locate as to attract attention of maintenance staff, easy to approach inspects and clean it.  An attempt shall be made in the design to provide higher starting and higher outfall bed levels in drains. A free outfall shall be attempted as far as possible.  Design of main drain shall be so made as to allow use of normal methods for desalting operation.  Inlets to the drains to be properly designed and located.  It is always desirable that run off from the catchment areas outside the city boundary should be taken by suitable drain layout to bypass the township.  The design flow will be the runoff from rainfall only.

10.0 Objective

Development of Stormwater Managament of Udaipur

11.0 Aims - AMRUT Project

12.0 Conclusion of Existing Storm water Drainage System

1. In many part of Udaipur the drainage system is constructed necessarily by ULB and as per requirement of area for feeding it partially. So that in most area of the city the drainage system shouldn’t carry the rain water in the Rainy season. 2. Drainage network of the Udaipur is not constructed properly which causes water logging in many places of the Udaipur. 3. Main connectivity of drainage out fall point is not proper due to which the disposal of drainage will not occur and found in some places, where discharge point of drainage system is upto a low lying area at the outer side of city which further will be collected there leading in water logging in several places. 4. There is an irregularity of drain section which is constructed at many places in Udaipur. At some places there are bigger section of drains which turns in small

16 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

section due to which the discharge of drainage may be affected and causes waterlogging. 5. At some places invert level is not proper at junction of drainage network so that there will be a free flow in drainage system, due to which the flow of drain may be obstructed and silted which causes water logging. 6. It is observed that at many places drainage network is dismantled, non-continue and filled with sludge and rubbish. It may cause a non-free flow of drainage system and obstructed free flow of drain. 7. In outer part of Udaipur, some people have constructed their own houses in scattered manner without considering the level of road and drain. 8. At the connecting point of drainage the highest flood level of Canal/River/ out fall of drainage may be higher than at the drainage invert level which may causes water logging and stoppage of drainage.

17 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Urban Development Department Government of Tripura

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report Amarpur

Prepared By:

Vishwakarma 86C, Topsia Road (South)

Kolkata, West Bengal

1 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

1.0 Introduction

Figure 1: Location Map of Amarpur

2 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

1.1 Demographics :

Description Census 2011 Data

Town Name Amarpur

Civic Type NP

Teshil Name SOUTH TRIPURA

District Name SOUTH TRIPURA

State Name TRIPURA

Total Population 10838

Total Area 3.57 (Ha)

Total No of House Holds 2880

Total Male Population 5471

Total Female Population 5367

0-6 Age group Total Population 1020

0-6 Age group Male Population 505

0-6 Age group Female Population 515

Total Person Literates 9248

Total Male Literates 4758

Total Female Literates 4490

Total Person Illiterates 1590

Total Male Illiterates 713

Total Female Illiterates 877

Scheduled Cast Persons 2933

Scheduled Cast Males 1503

3 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Scheduled Cast Females 1430

Scheduled Tribe Persons 186

Scheduled Tribe Males 225

Scheduled Tribe Females 186

 Total Number of Wards in Udaipur =11 Wards

Figure 2: Amarpur Wards Area 4

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Figure 3: Amarpur Population Density Figure 4: Amarpur Total Male Population

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Figure 5:Amarpur Total Female Population Figure 6: Amarpur Sex Ratio

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Figure 7: Amarpur Work Population Figure 8: Amarpur Literacy Rate

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Figure 9: Amarpur Male Literacy Rate Figure 10: Amarpur Female Literacy Rate

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Figure 11: Amarpur Male Illiteracy Rate Figure 12: Amarpur Female Illiteracy Rate

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2.0 Topography

3.0 Climate

The temperatures are highest on average in May, at around 28.2 °C | 82.8 °F. January is the coldest month, with temperatures averaging 18.9 °C | 66.0 °F.

Figure 13: Average Temperature of Amarpur 4.0 Rainfall

The least amount of rainfall occurs in December. The average in this month is 5 mm | 0.2 inch. Most of the precipitation here falls in June, averaging 457 mm | 18.0 inch.

10 Figure 14: Average weather by month of Amarpur

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

5.0 Existing Site Soil Conditions

6.0 Ground Water Resource

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Table : 1 Fall and Rise of water

District No. Of Station Fall Of Water Table Analysed 0- Percentage 2- Percentage >4m Percentage 2m 4m

The depth of water level in all the four districts show a typical pattern. The water level becomes highest between the month of August and start declining from January to April.

6.1 Ground water quality

The analytical results show that there is no considerable difference between quality of water from shallow and deeper aquifers.

Suitability of Ground Water for Irrigation Use: In general, ground water in the area is suitable for irrigation purpose, except concentration of iron is higher than permissible limit.

6.2 Status of ground water development

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6.3 Water conservation and artificial recharge

6.4 Ground water related issues and problems

13 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

7.0 Flow Chart of Drainage System

Ground Study Existing Natural Natural & manmade Drainage Slope System

Yes

Drainage BOQ sheet / Drawing Design of Design / Block /Design Materials Section Costing Layout

7.1 Drainage Network System

Storm water Rainfall Courtyard Road SWTP Line

Pond/ Rooftop Natural Drainage

Recharge Bore well Ground Water Recharge

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8.0 Existing Storm water drainage network of Amarpur

15 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

9.0 Proposals and designing of the drainage system

10.0 Objective

Development of Stormwater Managament of Udaipur

11.0 Aims - AMRUT Project

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12.0 Conclusion of Existing Storm water Drainage System

1. In many part of Amarpur the drainage system is constructed necessarily by ULB and as per requirement of area for feeding it partially. So that in most area of the city the drainage system shouldn’t carry the rain water in the Rainy season. 2. Drainage network of the Amarpur is not constructed properly which causes water logging in many places of the Amarpur. 3. Main connectivity of drainage out fall point is not proper due to which the disposal of drainage will not occur and found in some places, where discharge point of drainage system is upto a low lying area at the outer side of city which further will be collected there leading in water logging in several places. 4. There is an irregularity of drain section which is constructed at many places in Amarpur. At some places there are bigger section of drains which turns in small section due to which the discharge of drainage may be affected and causes waterlogging. 5. At some places invert level is not proper at junction of drainage network so that there will be a free flow in drainage system, due to which the flow of drain may be obstructed and silted which causes water logging. 6. It is observed that at many places drainage network is dismantled, non-continue and filled with sludge and rubbish. It may cause a non-free flow of drainage system and obstructed free flow of drain. 7. In outer part of Amarpur, some people have constructed their own houses in scattered manner without considering the level of road and drain. 8. At the connecting point of drainage the highest flood level of Canal/River/ out fall of drainage may be higher than at the drainage invert level which may causes water logging and stoppage of drainage.

17 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Urban Development Department Government of Tripura

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report Santirbazar

Prepared By:

Vishwakarma 86C, Topsia Road (South)

Kolkata, West Bengal

1 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

1.0 Introduction

Santirbazar is a town and Municipal Council in South Tripura district, Tripura, India. It is linked with Agartala (the state capital) by National Highway 8 via Udaipur and Bishramganj.

Figure 1: Location Map of Santirbazar

2 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

1.1 Demographics :

Description Census 2011 Data

Town Name Santirbazar

Civic Type NP

Teshil Name SOUTH TRIPURA

District Name SOUTH TRIPURA

State Name TRIPURA

Total Population 11921

Total Area 26.94 (Ha)

Total No of House Holds 3254

Total Male Population 6100

Total Female Population 5821

0-6 Age group Total Population 1209

0-6 Age group Male Population 612

0-6 Age group Male Population 597

Total Person Literates 9834

Total Male Literates 5237

Total Male Literates 4597

Total Person Illiterates 2087

Total Male Illiterates 863

Total Male Illiterates 1224

Scheduled Cast Persons 4450

Scheduled Cast Males 2301

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Scheduled Cast Females 2149

Scheduled Tribe Persons 366

Scheduled Tribe Males 355

Scheduled Tribe Females 366

 Total Number of Wards in Santirbazar =12 Wards

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Figure 3: Shantirbazar Population density Figure 4: Shantirbazar Population density

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Figure 5: Santirbazar Female population Figure 6: Santirbazar Sex Ratio

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Figure 7: Santirbazar Total work population Figure 8: Santirbazar Total Literacy rate

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Figure 9: Santirbazar Male Literacy Rate Figure 10: Santirbazar Female Literacy Rate

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Figure 11: Santirbazar Male illiteracy Rate Figure 12: Santirbazar Female illiteracy Rate

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2.0 Topography

3.0 Climate

The climate in the ares is characterized by moderate temperature and is highly humid in nature. There are three prominent seasons summers, rainy and winter. The summer season spans from March to May and is followed by SW monsoon lasting till September. Winter season starts from November and lasts till the end of February.

4.0 Rainfall

The average annual rainfall for last 35 years (1971 – 2008) of the area is 2055 mm. The average monsoon rainfall for lat 10 years is 1710 mm. The average nos. of rainy days for last 5 years is 95.

5.0 Existing Site Soil Conditions

6.0 Ground Water Resource

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Table : 1 Fall and Rise of water

District No. Of Station Fall Of Water Table Analysed 0- Percentage 2- Percentage >4m Percentage 2m 4m

The depth of water level in all the four districts show a typical pattern. The water level becomes highest between the month of August and start declining from January to April.

6.1 Ground water quality

The analytical results show that there is no considerable difference between quality of water from shallow and deeper aquifers.

Suitability of Ground Water for Irrigation Use: In general, ground water in the area is suitable for irrigation purpose, except concentration of iron is higher than permissible limit.

6.2 Status of ground water development

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6.3 Water conservation and artificial recharge

6.4 Ground water related issues and problems

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7.0 Flow Chart of Drainage System

Ground Study Existing Natural Natural & manmade Drainage Slope System

Yes

Drainage BOQ sheet / Drawing Design of Design / Block /Design Materials Section Costing Layout

7.1 Drainage Network System

Storm water Rainfall Courtyard Road SWTP Line

Pond/ Rooftop Natural Drainage

Recharge Bore well Ground Water Recharge

13 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

8.0 Existing Storm water drainage network of Santirbazar

14 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

9.0 Proposals and designing of the drainage system

10.0 Objective

Development of Storm water Management of Udaipur

11.0 Aims - AMRUT Project

15 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

12.0 Conclusion of Existing Storm water Drainage System

1. In many part of Santirbazar the drainage system is constructed necessarily by ULB and as per requirement of area for feeding it partially. So that in most area of the city the drainage system shouldn’t carry the rain water in the Rainy season. 2. Drainage network of the Santirbazar is not constructed properly which causes water logging in many places of the Santirbazar. 3. Main connectivity of drainage out fall point is not proper due to which the disposal of drainage will not occur and found in some places, where discharge point of drainage system is upto a low lying area at the outer side of city which further will be collected there leading in water logging in several places. 4. There is an irregularity of drain section which is constructed at many places in Santirbazar. At some places there are bigger section of drains which turns in small section due to which the discharge of drainage may be affected and causes waterlogging. 5. At some places invert level is not proper at junction of drainage network so that there will be a free flow in drainage system, due to which the flow of drain may be obstructed and silted which causes water logging. 6. It is observed that at many places drainage network is dismantled, non-continue and filled with sludge and rubbish. It may cause a non-free flow of drainage system and obstructed free flow of drain. 7. In outer part of Santirbazar, some people have constructed their own houses in scattered manner without considering the level of road and drain. 8. At the connecting point of drainage the highest flood level of Canal/River/ out fall of drainage may be higher than at the drainage invert level which may causes water logging and stoppage of drainage.

16 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Urban Development Department Government of Tripura

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report Belonia

Prepared By:

Vishwakarma 86C, Topsia Road (South)

Kolkata, West Bengal

1 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

1.0 Introduction

Belonia is a town and Municipal Council in South Tripura district, Tripura, India. It is also the headquarters of South Tripura District. It is linked with Agartala (the state capital) by National Highway 8 via Udaipur and also via Rajnagar, Sonamura, Melaghar, and Bishramganj. Belonia lies on a border with Bangladesh.

Figure 1: Location Map of Belonia

2 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

1.1 Demographics :

Description Census 2011 Data

Town Name Belonia

Civic Type NP

Teshil Name SOUTH TRIPURA

District Name SOUTH TRIPURA

State Name TRIPURA

Total Population 19996

Total Area 5.74 (Ha)

Total No of House Holds 5363

Total Male Population 10060

Total Female Population 9936

0-6 Age group Total Population 1684

0-6 Age group Male Population 861

0-6 Age group Male Population 823

Total Person Literates 17394

Total Male Literates 8940

Total Male Literates 8454

Total Person Illiterates 2602

Total Male Illiterates 1120

Total Male Illiterates 1482

Scheduled Cast Persons 2766

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Scheduled Cast Males 1432

Scheduled Cast Females 1334

Scheduled Tribe Persons 93

Scheduled Tribe Males 125

Scheduled Tribe Females 93

 Total Number of Wards in Belonia=17 Wards

Figure 2: Belonia Wards Area

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Figure 3: Belonia Population Density

Figure 4: Belonia Total Male Population 5

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Figure 6: Belonia Total Female population

6 Figure 6: Belonia Sex Ratio

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Figure 6: Belonia Total Work Population

7 Figure 7: Belonia Total Literacy Rate

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Figure 9: Belonia Male Literacy Rate

8 Figure 10: Belonia Female Literacy Rate

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Figure 11: Belonia Male Illiteracy Rate

9 Figure 12: Belonia Female Illiteracy Rate

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

2.0 Topography

3.0 Climate

The Belonia lies on 20m above sea level The climate is tropical in Belonia. The summers here have a good deal of rainfall, while the winters have very little. This location is classified as Aw by Köppen and Geiger. The average temperature in Belonia is 25.5 °C | 77.9 °F. In a year, the rainfall is 2418 mm | 95.2 inch.

Figure 13: Average Temperature of Belonia 4.0 Rainfall

Figure 14: Average weather by month of Belonia

The driest month is December. There is 1 mm | 0.0 inch of precipitation in December. Most of the precipitation here falls in June, averaging 520 mm | 20.5 inch.

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5.0 Existing Site Soil Conditions

6.0 Ground Water Resource

Table : 1 Fall and Rise of water

District No. Of Station Fall Of Water Table Analysed 0- Percentage 2- Percentage >4m Percentage 2m 4m

The depth of water level in all the four districts show a typical pattern. The water level becomes highest between the month of August and start declining from January to April.

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6.1 Ground water quality

The analytical results show that there is no considerable difference between quality of water from shallow and deeper aquifers.

Suitability of Ground Water for Irrigation Use: In general, ground water in the area is suitable for irrigation purpose, except concentration of iron is higher than permissible limit.

6.2 Status of ground water development

6.3 Water conservation and artificial recharge

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6.4 Ground water related issues and problems

7.0 Flow Chart of Drainage System

Ground Study Existing Natural Natural & manmade Drainage Slope System

Yes

Drainage BOQ sheet / Drawing Design of Design / Block /Design Materials Section Costing Layout

13 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

7.1 Drainage Network System

Storm water Rainfall Courtyard Road SWTP Line

Pond/ Rooftop Natural Drainage

Recharge Bore well Ground Water Recharge

8.0 Situation Analysis of the existing drainage system

Figure 15: Existing condition of drainage system Belonia

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8.0 Existing Storm water drainage network of Belonia

8.1 Issues of existing drainage system

9.0 Proposals and designing of the drainage system

15 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

10.0 Objective

Development of Stormwater Managament of Udaipur

11.0 Aims - AMRUT Project

12.0 Conclusion of Existing Storm water Drainage System

1. In many part of Belonia the drainage system is constructed necessarily by ULB and as per requirement of area for feeding it partially. So that in most area of the city the drainage system shouldn’t carry the rain water in the Rainy season. 2. Drainage network of the Belonia is not constructed properly which causes water logging in many places of the Belonia. 3. Main connectivity of drainage out fall point is not proper due to which the disposal of drainage will not occur and found in some places, where discharge point of drainage system is upto a low lying area at the outer side of city which further will be collected there leading in water logging in several places. 4. There is an irregularity of drain section which is constructed at many places in Belonia. At some places there are bigger section of drains which turns in small section due to which the discharge of drainage may be affected and causes waterlogging.

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5. At some places invert level is not proper at junction of drainage network so that there will be a free flow in drainage system, due to which the flow of drain may be obstructed and silted which causes water logging. 6. It is observed that at many places drainage network is dismantled, non-continue and filled with sludge and rubbish. It may cause a non-free flow of drainage system and obstructed free flow of drain. 7. In outer part of Belonia, some people have constructed their own houses in scattered manner without considering the level of road and drain. 8. At the connecting point of drainage the highest flood level of Canal/River/ out fall of drainage may be higher than at the drainage invert level which may causes water logging and stoppage of drainage.

17 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Urban Development Department Government of Tripura

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report Sabroom

Prepared By:

Vishwakarma 86C, Topsia Road (South)

Kolkata, West Bengal

1 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

1.0 Introduction

Sabroom is a town and a nagar panchayat in South Tripura district in the Indian state of Tripura. Sabroom is located in the banks of the Feni river, which separates India and Bangladesh. Most of the people speak in Noyakhali, a dialect of Bengali language.

Figure 1: Location Map of Sabroom

2 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

1.1 Demographics :

Description Census 2011 Data

Town Name Sabroom

Civic Type NP

Tehsil Name SOUTH TRIPURA

District Name SOUTH TRIPURA

State Name TRIPURA

Total Population 7142

Total Area 5.06 (Ha)

Total No of House Holds 2015

Total Male Population 3593

Total Female Population 3549

0-6 Age group Total Population 604

0-6 Age group Male Population 336

0-6 Age group Female Population 268

Total Person Literates 6295

Total Male Literates 3194

Total Female Literates 3101

Total Person Illiterates 847

Total Male Illiterates 399

Total Female Illiterates 448

Scheduled Cast Persons 1501

Scheduled Cast Males 747

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Scheduled Cast Females 754

Scheduled Tribe Persons 230

Scheduled Tribe Males 193

Scheduled Tribe Females 230

 Total Number of Wards in Sabroom = 14 Wards

Figure 2: Sabroom Wards Area

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Figure 3: Sabroom Population Density

5 Figure 4: Sabroom Total Male Population

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Figure 5: Sabroom Total Female Population

6 Figure 6: Sabroom Sex Ratio

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Figure 7: Sabroom Work Population

7 Figure 8: Sabroom Literacy Rate

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Figure 9: Sabroom Male Literacy Rate

Figure 10: Sabroom Female Literacy Rate

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

Figure 11: Sabroom Male Illiteracy Rate

9 Figure 12: Sabroom Female Illiteracy Rate

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

2.0 Topography

3.0 Climate

The Sabroom lies on 25m above sea level The climate is tropical in Sabroom. In winter, there is much less rainfall than in summer. The average temperature in Sabroom is 25.7 °C. The average annual rainfall is 2394 mm. With an average of 28.5 °C | 83.3 °F, May is the warmest month. In January, the average temperature is 19.8 °C | 67.6 °F. It is the lowest average temperature of the whole year.

Figure 13: Average Temperature of Sabroom

4.0 Rainfall

The average temperature in Sabroom is 25.7 °C. The average annual rainfall is 2394 mm. The driest month is December. There is 3 mm | 0.1 inch of precipitation in December. Most precipitation falls in June, with an average of 524 mm | 20.6 inch.

Figure 14: Average weather by month of Sabroom

Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

5.0 Existing Site Soil Conditions

In general, soils of the area are acidic in nature. The pH of soil ranges from 5.50 to 5.68. Nitrogen and phosphate is low, available potash is medium to high, calcium, magnesium and sulfur are deficient in these soils. In the area lateritic soil is found in tilla (hilly / small mounds) area, younger soils or river valley soils are found along all major river courses, clayey soils are found in paddy fields. Apart from these, sandy loam, clayey loam and loamy soils are also available.

6.0 Ground Water Resource

Ground water resources for year 2004-05 were estimated by the GEC’97 methodology. During resource estimation, the smallest administrative unit i.e., Block is taken as the unit of computation. The main source of ground water recharge in the district is precipitation. Other sources of ground water recharge in the area are return flow from irrigation and seepage from ponds / tanks. Recharge from rainfall in the area accounts for 90% of the total annual recharge. Comparison of monsoon and non-monsoon rainfall recharge shows that monsoon recharge accounts for 57% and non-monsoon recharge accounts for 43% of total rainfall recharge. Ground water in the area is mostly used for domestic and irrigational purposes. Ground water draft for industrial purpose is negligible and has not been considered. Net ground water available in the district is 587.5 mcm and ground water draft for all uses is 41.86 mcm. Ground water draft for irrigation and drinking purposes accounts for 57% and 43% of total ground water draft respectively.

Table : 1 Fall and Rise of water

District No. Of Station Fall Of Water Table Analysed 0- Percentage 2- Percentage >4m Percentage 2m 4m

The depth of water level in all the four districts show a typical pattern. The water level becomes highest between the month of August and start declining from January to April.

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6.1 Ground water quality

The analytical results show that there is no considerable difference between quality of water from shallow and deeper aquifers.

Suitability of Ground Water for Irrigation Use: In general, ground water in the area is suitable for irrigation purpose, except concentration of iron is higher than permissible limit.

6.2 Status of ground water development

Drinking water scenario In urban areas water supply is done mainly from surface water sources, except in Amarpur. But in rural areas, deep tube wells and shallow tube wells fitted with suitable pumps provide drinking water to villagers. Water is being supplied directly from deep tubewells without any treatment and certain places water is supplied after iron removal where ever the iron concentration is beyond permissible limit. There are 309 deep tube wells, 38 shallow tube wells 1709 RCC wells in the district. In addition there are 2 surface water treatment plants in the district. As on 31-03-2008, out of 2406 habitations, 971 are fully covered, 718 are partially covered and 717 are uncovered so for.

Irrigation scenario Ground water is being developed for irrigation purposes through deep tubewells, shallow tubewells fitted with pump sets (both electric and diesel pumps) and artesian wells. The use of dug wells for irrigation purpose is negligible. In Bagafa, Satchand Matabari, Kakraban, Killa and 10 Rajnagar blocks some paddy fields are irrigated through artesian wells. The Rajnagar blocks some paddy fields are irrigated through artesian wells. The maximum use of ground water for irrigation purposes is in Bagafa block while in Karbook block the use of ground water for irrigation is nil. There are 42 nos. deep tube wells, 660 shallow tube wells and 2138 artesian wells in the district for irrigation.

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6.3 Water conservation and artificial recharge

6.4 Ground water related issues and problems

7.0 Flow Chart of Drainage System

Ground Study Existing Natural Natural & manmade Drainage Slope System

Yes

Drainage BOQ sheet / Drawing Design of Design / Block /Design Materials Section Costing Layout

13 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report

7.1 Drainage Network System

Storm water Rainfall Courtyard Road SWTP Line

Pond/ Rooftop Natural Drainage

Recharge Bore well Ground Water Recharge

8.0 Situation Analysis of the existing drainage system

Figure 15: Existing condition of drainage system Sabroom  The area is currently being utilized for Urban and no instances of large scale flooding have been reported in the recent years. The area is a green field with no formal/manmade storm water drainage system.  There are several small to medium sized natural water bodies in the area which serve to collect, store and eventually discharge the rainwater into the tributaries which finally fall into river or percolate the runoff into the ground over a period of time. Proper planning for a storm water drainage system is crucial considering increased runoff as the paved area would increase after the proposed development.

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8.1 Existing Storm water drainage network of Sabroom

8.2 Issues of existing drainage system

9.0 Proposals and designing of the drainage system

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 Drainage of large area can be better achieved by subdividing it into small grids to avoid a long main drain.  Efficiency in maintenance of drainage system should be an important consideration in selecting the size, (covered or open) shape and the location.  The specification of the drain should also aim at preventing the possibility of ingress of other extraneous materials, debris, rubbish, vegetation etc. Where gratings are provided on drains, they should so locate as to attract attention of maintenance staff, easy to approach inspects and clean it.  An attempt shall be made in the design to provide higher starting and higher outfall bed levels in drains. A free outfall shall be attempted as far as possible.  Design of main drain shall be so made as to allow use of normal methods for desalting operation.  Inlets to the drains to be properly designed and located.  It is always desirable that run off from the catchment areas outside the city boundary should be taken by suitable drain layout to bypass the township.  The design flow will be the runoff from rainfall only.

10.0 Objective

Development of Stormwater Managament of Sabroom

11.0 Aims - AMRUT Project

12.0 Conclusion of Existing Storm water Drainage System

1. In many part of Sabroom the drainage system is constructed necessarily by ULB and as per requirement of area for feeding it partially. So that in most area of the city the drainage system shouldn’t carry the rain water in the Rainy season. 2. Drainage network of the Sabroom is not constructed properly which causes water logging in many places of the Sabroom. 3. Main connectivity of drainage out fall point is not proper due to which the disposal of drainage will not occur and found in some places, where discharge point of drainage system is upto a low lying area at the outer side of city which further will be collected there leading in water logging in several places.

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4. There is an irregularity of drain section which is constructed at many places in Sabroom. At some places there are bigger section of drains which turns in small section due to which the discharge of drainage may be affected and causes waterlogging. 5. At some places invert level is not proper at junction of drainage network so that there will be a free flow in drainage system, due to which the flow of drain may be obstructed and silted which causes water logging. 6. It is observed that at many places drainage network is dismantled, non-continue and filled with sludge and rubbish. It may cause a non-free flow of drainage system and obstructed free flow of drain. 7. In outer part of Sabroom, some people have constructed their own houses in scattered manner without considering the level of road and drain. 8. At the connecting point of drainage the highest flood level of Canal/River/ out fall of drainage may be higher than at the drainage invert level which may causes water logging and stoppage of drainage.