Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report Urban Development Department Government of Tripura Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report Dharmanagar Prepared By: Vishwakarma 86C, Topsia Road (South) Kolkata, West Bengal 1 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report 1.0 Introduction Dharmanagar is a District town and a Municipal Council in the North East of India and the North Tripura District of the State of Tripura, India. Most of the known history of Dharmanagar is derived from the ancient Rajmala scripts, which is ancient Royal chronicles of the Kings of Tripura, written in the 14th century. The origin of the name ‘Dharmanagar’ cannot be traced back in time. The Rajmala refers to at least four unknown ancient kings whose names include the word ‘Dharma’. Dharmanagar is a city with extreme natural beauty. The city is located in the western hemisphere of the State of Tripura. At present Dharmanagar is bound by Maulvi Bazar of Sylhet, Bangladesh in the North, Karimganj District of Assam in the East, Mizoram state in the South and Kailashahar of Unakoti District in the West. The North Tripura District is famous for several tourist attractions such as Rowa Wild-Life Santuary, Jampui H ills etc. The Jampui Hills are famous for natural beauty, climate and orange garden. The iconic Kalibari is located in the heart of the city of Dharmanagar. Dharmanagar is blessed with a peaceful climate most of the year. The nearest airport to Dharmanagar is in Silchar and further afield Agartala. There are also helicopter services, daily bus services and train services, which connects the city to the capital of the state. At present Dharmanagar is the head quarter of the North Tripura Judicial District. The Court of District & Sessions Judge, North Tripura at Dharmanagar was inaugurated on 20.09.2014 by Hon’ble Mr. Justice Deepak Gupta, the Chief Justice of the Hon’ble High Court of Tripura. Besides, there are Judicial Courts at Kanchanpur Sub-Division under North Tripura Judicial District. 2 Figure 1: Location Map of Dharmanagar Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report 1.1 Demographics : Description Census 2011 Data Town Name Dharmanagar Civic Type NP Tehsil Name NORTH TRIPURA District Name NORTH TRIPURA State Name TRIPURA Total Population 40595 Total Area 10.69 (Ha) Total No of House Holds 9971 Total Male Population 20161 Total Female Population 20434 0-6 Age group Total Population 3850 0-6 Age group Male Population 1924 0-6 Age group Female Population 1926 Total Person Literates 34951 Total Male Literates 17515 Total Female Literates 17436 Total Person Illiterates 5644 Total Male Illiterates 2646 Total Female Illiterates 2998 Scheduled Cast Persons 5133 3 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report Scheduled Cast Males 2593 Scheduled Cast Females 2540 Scheduled Tribe Persons 235 Scheduled Tribe Males 232 Scheduled Tribe Females 235 Total Number of Wards in Dharmanagar =19 Wards Figure 2: Dharmanagar Wards Area 4 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report Figure 3: Dharmanagar Total Population Density Figure 4: Dharmanagar Total Male Population 5 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report Figure 5: Dharmanagar Total Female Population Figure 6: Dharmanagar Sex Ratio 6 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report Figure 7: Dharmanagar Work Population 7 Figure 8: Dharmanagar Literacy Rate Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report Figure 9: Dharmanagar Male Literacy Rate Figure 10: Dharmanagar Female Literacy Rate 8 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report Figure 11: Dharmanagar Male Illiteracy Rate Figure 12: Dharmanagar Female Illiteracy Rate 9 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report 2.0 Topography The physiography is characterised by hill ranges, valleys and plains. The state has five anticlinal ranges of hills running north to south, from Boromura in the west, through Atharamura, Longtharai and Shakhan, to the Jampui Hills in the east.The intervening synclines are the Agartala–Udaipur, Khowai–Teliamura, Kamalpur–Ambasa, Kailasahar– Manu and Dharmanagar–Kanchanpur valleys. At an altitude of 939 m (3,081 ft), Betling Shib in the Jampui range is the state's highest point. The small isolated hillocks interspersed throughout the state are known as tillas, and the narrow fertile alluvial valleys, mostly present in the west, are called lungas. A number of rivers originate in the hills of Tripura and flow into Bangladesh.The Khowai, Dhalai, Manu, Juri and Longai flow towards the north; the Gumti to the west; and the Muhuri and Feni to the south west. 3.0 Climate In Dharmanagar, the wet season is hot, oppressive, and mostly cloudy and the dry season is warm and mostly clear. The warmest month of the year is August, with an average temperature of 28.2 °C | 82.8 °F. At 18.2 °C | 64.8 °F on average, January is the coldest month of the year. Figure 13: Average Temperature of Dharmanagar 4.0 Rainfall To show variation within the months and not just the monthly totals, we show the rainfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day of the year. Dharmanagar experiences extreme seasonal variation in monthly rainfall.The rainy period of the year lasts for 10 months, from February 1 to December 1, with a sliding 31-day rainfall of at least 0.5 inches. The most rain falls during the 31 days centered around June 12, with an average total accumulation of 13.0 inches.The rainless period of the year lasts for 2.0 months, from December 1 to February 1. The least rain falls around January 10, with an average total accumulation of 0.3 inches. Dharmanagar has significant rainfall most months, with a short dry season. The Köppen-Geiger climate classification is Am. The average annual temperature is 24.8 °C in Dharmanagar. In a year, the rainfall is 2698 mm. Figure 14: Average weather by month of Dharmanagar 10 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report 5.0 Existing Site Soil Conditions In general, soils of the area are acidic in nature. The pH of soil ranges from 5.50 to 5.64. Nitrogen and phosphate is low, available potash is medium to high, calcium, magnesium and sulphur are deficient in these soils. In the area lateritic soil is found in tilla (hilly / small mounds) area, younger soils or river valley soils are found along all major river courses. Clayey soils are found in paddy fields. Apart from these, sandy loam, clayey loam and loamy soils are also available. 6.0 Ground Water Resource Physiographical, the northeaster region can be subdivided into several units each with distinctive characteristics. Hydrological condition is correlated with geomorphic units, which in turn can provide reliable data on groundwater. The major geomorphic element observed in Tripura is north-south running parallel hill regions and intervening valleys. The hills are tightly folded anticlines with broad synclinal valleys. These anticline hills form watersheds from which drainage patterns emerge. Geologically, the area is occupied by the folded sedimentary formations ranging in age from lower Tertiary to Recent. Of the various groups of rocks found, Tipam sandstones are considered the main producer aquifer. Extensive hydrological surveys carried out by the Central Groundwater Board in almost all the valleys of Tripura revealed three to four major aquifers within 259m in depth. Such thickness varies from valley to valley but decreases considerably in the synclinal valleys of Kamalpur, Kailashsahar and Dharmanagar. The anticlinal hills intervening the synclinal valley not only act as ground water divides but the sandy formations exposed therein act as recharge zone. Since the recharge area lies in the anticlinal hills, favourable artesian conditions occur whenever good thickness of impermeable clay beds underline and overlie the saturated granular zones. Flowing conditions with auto-flow of 100 to 3000 liters per hour are found mainly in the central part of most of the synclinal valley of Tripura.The worthiness of ground water also varies from valley to valley. While in Agratala valley in the west, they are positively potential, it becomes moderate towards Dharmanagar on the north east. Records of the technical details from 15 different locations in four districts indicate that tube-wells have been successfully constructed in all the synclinal valleys of Tripura. Large numbers of shallow tube-wells have been constructed by the State Government at depth of 30m to 60m. In areas fringing the hills (within 2 to 4km), water table generally appear deep and sediments fine, Groundwater structures in such area offered low yields and drawdowns are heavy (Prasad, K.K. 1984, Ground Water Resource of North East India, in Resource Potential of North East India vol. 1: 25-32, Meghalaya Science Society). The shallow aquifer level are normally located within a depth of 50m below ground level (sometime, it may be at 12-20m depth as in Dharmnagar valley or 5-25m in depth as in Kamalpur valley) and the deeper aquifer occur between the depth ranges of 50m to 200m. Recent data in four districts show no decline in groundwater level for 0 to >4m. On the other hand rise in the groundwater level at 0-2m level is noted in 42.11%, at 2-4m level the figure is 57.89% and above 4m level no rise is noted. A total of 19 sampling stations were used to measure the rise and fall of water level during April 1999-August 1999 in Dhalai, North Tripura, South Tripura and West Tripura (Table-1) 11 Conceptual Storm water Management Plan Report Table : 1 Fall and Rise of water District No. Of Station Fall Of Water Table Analysed 0- Percentage 2- Percentage >4m Percentage 2m 4m Dhalai 4 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 North Tripura 3 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 South Tripura 2 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 West Tripura 10 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 Total Number of 19 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 Sampling District No.