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Economic Review of Tripura 2010-11

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Economic Review of Tripura 2010-11 ECONOMIC REVIEW OF TRIPURA 2010-11 Directorate of Economics & Statistics Planning (Statistics) Department Government of Tripura, Agartala. www.destripura.nic.in 1 CONTENTS Sl.No. Chapter Page PART – I 1. ECONOMIC SITUATION 3 2. POPULATION 28 3. STATE INCOME 40 4. STATE FINANCE & PLANNING 50 a) State Finance 50 b) Planning 63 5. PRICE & COST OF LIVING 70 6. POVERTY, MANPOWER & EMPLOYMENT 76 7. FOOD, CIVIL SUPPLIES & CONSUMER AFFAIRS 92 8. AGRICULTURE & ALLIED ACTIVITIES 99 a) Agriculture 99 b) Horticulture 117 c) Animal Resources 124 d) Fisheries 134 9. FORESTRY 140 a) Forestry 140 b) Rubber 149 10. CO-OPERATION 152 11. PANCHAYAT & RURAL DEVELOPMENT 166 a) Panchayat 166 b) Rural Development 170 12. URBANISATION 178 13. ECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURE 189 a) Power 190 b) Irrigation 193 c) Transport 198 d) Vehicle 200 e) Communication 201 f) Banking 201 14. INDUSTRIES & COMMERCE 204 a) Industries 204 b) H.H. & S. 218 c) Information Technology 225 d) Tourism 228 15. EDUCATION 232 a) School Education 232 b) Higher Education 236 c) Social Education 243 d) Sports & Youth Affairs 246 16. HEALTH & FAMILY WELFARE 251 a) Health 251 b) Family Welfare 259 c) Public Health Engineering 265 17. WELFARE 268 a) Tribal Welfare 268 b) Schedule Caste Welfare 285 18. HOUSING 293 19. FUTURE ASSESSMENT & LOOK 296 PART – II 20. STATISTICAL TABLES 302 2 PART-I 1) ECONOMIC SITUATION Introduction: Present issue of "Economic Review of Tripura, 2010-11" is 12th in the series that shows the overall macro-economic performances, thrust areas for the development as well as trend of the State's economy during the fiscal year of 2010-11. It focuses and analyses the development trend as well as progress achieved in different sectors of State's economy during the annual plan period of 2010-11 under the 11th Five year Plan. Besides, it also analyses on new initiatives, potential areas as well as constrains faced in the processes of economic development of the State's economy. Tripura is situated between latitudes 22°56' and 24°32' north, and longitudes 91°09' and 92°20' east. It has an area of 10,491.69 sq. km. Tripura is a land-locked State, surrounded by Bangladesh on its north, south and west. The length of its international border with Bangladesh 856 Km (84 per cent of its total border), while it shares 53 Km border with Assam and 109 Km border with Mizoram. Tripura is connected with the rest of the country by only National Highway-44, which runs through the hills to Cachar District in Assam. The State has rich natural resources; including gas and forests.The local flora and fauna bear a very close affinity and resemblance with floral and faunal components of Indo-Malayan and Indo-Chinese sub-regions. The State is located in the bio-geographic zone of 9B-North- East hills and possesses an extremely rich bio-diversity. There are 379- species of trees, 320- shrubs, 581- herbs, 165- climbers, 16- climbing shrubs, 35- ferns, 45- epiphytes and 4- parasites. Rare plants of Tripura have been put to 18 numbers. There are 266 species of medicinal plants in the State (68- trees, 39- shrubs, 71- herbs and 88- climbers). There are 90 mammal species in Tripura and in the aquatic ecosystem 47 species of fish have been found. As per last Census of Wild Life, there were 39 numbers of leopard, 182 numbers of elephant and 92 numbers of bison in the State. In reality, the State is characterised by geographical isolation, poor infrastructure facilities, communication bottlenecks, inadequate exploitation of natural resources (natural gas, rubber, forest etc.), low capital formation, almost non-existence of industry and high level of incidences of poverty and un-employment. 3 Background: The erstwhile princely State merged with the Indian Union after independence on the 15th October, 1949 as Group-C category State. It became an Union Territory on 1st July, 1963. Tripura became a full-fledged State on the 21st January, 1972. In the year 2010-11, the State had 4- Districts, 17- Sub-divisions, 40- Blocks, and also one Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council. The Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council (TTAADC) was set up in 1982 under the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution, which brought under the Sixth Schedule in 1985. The TTAADC covers about 2/3rd of the total area of the State. It covers all the four districts and has 1/3rd population of the State. The partition of India in 1947 was a defining event in the history of Tripura, and had an enduring effect on the process of social and economic development of the State. The partition was perhaps the largest movement of evicted people in modern history. It witnessed a heavy influx of refugees into Tripura from erst-while East Pakistan, now Bangladesh, who arrived with little wealth in hand. On the otherhand, the partition resulted in a huge infrastructural and economic set back for Tripura. It lost all its rail-heads-to the west, south and north-as they fell in the East Pakistan, now Bangladesh, and the State was cut off from India's railway network. The distance by road from Agartala to Kolkata was less than 350 Km before partition. After partition, the route to Kolkata via Siliguri land corridor became 1,700 Km long. The partition therefore aggravated the geo-political isolation of Tripura and indeed, of the entire North Eastern Region. The prominent hill ranges are Jampui, Sakhantang, Longtharai, Atharamura, Baramura, Deotamura, Belkum and Kalajhari. The Betling Shib (939 metres), situated in the Jampui range, is the highest peak of Tripura. The important forest products include sal, teak, gamai, gurjan and champa. The bamboo is available in the State abundantly, and is traditionally being used for multi-purpose by the tribal people. The Gumati, Howrah, Dhalai, Muhuri, Feni and Juri are the major rivers which swell in monsoon but they become shallow during the rest of the year. Natural gas deposits are among the most important features of Tripura's natural resource base. The natural gas-based thermal power plants have been set-up at Barmura and Rokhia. Besides, construction of one 740-MW gas based thermal power project at Palatana near Udaipur has been taken-up by ONGC and another 104-MW gas based thermal power project at Monarchak in Sonamura Sub-Division has also taken-up by NEEPCO. Most of the parts of the State are rural and about 83 percent of State's population lives in rural areas. Upliftment of rural poor as well as improvement in the quality of life of the economically weaker sections of the society has been one of the basic objectives of development planning of the State. Tripura is the second highest in terms of density of population among the North-Eastern States i.e., next to Assam. Over 60% of the area is classified as forest area leaving less area about 27 percent for cultivation. The State has many rain-fed, non-perrenial rivers and streams flowing to the neighbouring Bangladesh. 4 The following Table shows the existing administrative set-up of the State in 2011 vis-a- vis 1972. Table-1.1. Year 1972 2011 Districts 3 4 Sub-Divisions 10 17 Blocks 17 40 Revenue Circles 17 31 Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council (TTAADC) Nil 1 Zonal Offices of TTAADC Nil 4 Sub-Zonal Offices of TTAADC Nil 32 Gram Panchayats 476 511 TTADC Village Committees Nil 527 Nagar Panchayats 9 15 Agartala Municipal Council 1 1 Police Stations 24 64 Revenue Vilages 871 874 Tehsil Offices 177 183 Low availability of infrastructure has made the process of economic development extremely difficult for this backward State. The NH-44, the lifeline of Tripura, has been disrupted in the rainy season due to land slides near Patharkandi in Assam and Sonarpur in Meghalaya which is a perennial problem to the State. The railway link is extremely poor, although Agartala the capital of the State has recently been connected with the railway link by the metre gauge. Moreover, the State does not have any water transport system. The State scores well in terms of literacy, birth rate and death rate. It can be evident from the fact that State's birth rate, death rate, infant mortality rate, total fertility rate as well as literacy rate are above the national standard. Despite poor financial resources of its own, the State could ensure providing its share of liabilities against almost all the Centrally Sponsored Schemes (CSS). Although, overall performance of the State's real economy remained impressive despite its several infrastructural bottlenecks as well as geographical isolation from main land of the country but due to slow down of the national economy as a part of global economic crisis and price rise since 2006-07 as well as not favourable grants from 13th Finance Commission, the economy of the State has also come under severe fiscal stretch in the coming years. The nature of the existing employment pattern in Tripura can also be found from the 5th economic Census results. It has been revealed from the report that about 3,85,708 persons 5 were working in 1,89,423 establishments in 2005 against 2,68,257 persons in 1,04,427 establishments in 1998. Out of the total workers of 3,85,708 persons in 2005, 2,59,910 (67.38%) were in rural areas and remaining 1,25,798 (32.61%) were in the urban areas. As per the report, the total hired workers in 2005 were 2,05, 397 ,i.e. 53.25% of the total workers.
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