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Economic Review of Tripura 2008-2009

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Economic Review of Tripura 2008-2009 ECONOMIC REVIEW OF TRIPURA 2008-2009 Directorate of Economics & Statistics Planning (Statistics) Department Government of Tripura, Agartala. www.destripura.nic.in 1 CONTENTS Sl.No. Chapter Page PART – I 1. ECONOMIC SITUATION 3 2. POPULATION 25 3. STATE INCOME 36 4. STATE FINANCE & PLANNING 44 a) State Finance 44 b) Planning 52 5. PRICE & COST OF LIVING 66 6. POVERTY, MANPOWER & EMPLOYMENT 73 7. FOOD, CIVIL SUPPLIES & CONSUMER AFFAIRS 87 8. AGRICULTURE & ALLIED ACTIVITIES 96 a) Agriculture 96 b) Horticulture 109 c) Animal Resources 116 d) Fisheries 124 9. FORESTRY 129 a) Forestry 129 b) Rubber 139 10. CO-OPERATION 143 11. PANCHAYAT & RURAL DEVELOPMENT 155 a) Panchayat 155 b) Rural Development 160 12. URBANISATION 167 13. ECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURE 175 a) Power 176 b) Irrigation 179 c) Transport 185 d) Vehicle 186 e) Communication 187 f) Banking 187 14. INDUSTRIES & COMMERCE 190 a) Industries 190 b) H.H. & S. 200 c) Information Technology 205 d) Tourism 209 15. EDUCATION 213 a) School Education 213 b) Higher Education 216 c) Social Education 222 d) Sports & Youth Affairs 223 16. HEALTH & FAMILY WELFARE 229 a) Health 229 b) Family Welfare 236 c) Public Health Engineering 240 17. WELFARE 242 a) Tribal Welfare 242 b) Schedule Caste Welfare 261 18. HOUSING 267 19. FUTURE ASSESSMENT & LOOK 270 PART – II 278 20. STATISTICAL TABLES 279 2 PART-I 1) ECONOMIC SITUATION Introduction: The Economic Review of Tripura focuses and analyses the macroeconomic trend as well as progress achieved in different sectors of State's economy during the annual plan period. The present issue of "Economic Review of Tripura, 2008-09" is the 10th in the series that shows the overall performances and trend of the State's economy during the preceding fiscal year of 2008-09. It also gives thrust on the new initiatives, potential areas as well as constrains faced in the changing economic scenario by the State's economy. The economy of Tripura has suffered from disturbed conditions of extremism and insurgency over two decades, which directly hindered the economic development process in the recent past. The developmental thrust and alternative policy-mix are being constantly tried, conceived and implemented by the State Government and reflected in the up-turn of the real economy of this small and isolated State of the North-East by restoring the law and order as well as establishing the atmosphere of peace after prolonged phase of extremism and insurgency. The State is characterised by geographical isolation, poor infrastructure facilities, communication bottlenecks, inadequate exploitation of natural resources (natural gas, rubber, forest etc.), low capital formation, almost non- existence of industry and high level of incidences of poverty and un-employment. On the otherhand, the liberalization and economic reforms of India introduced since 1990 have limited impact on the sustainable economic growth process of the State. The economy of the State continues to be agrarian based with high rate of un-employment. The budgetary process has been targeted for schematic allocation of resources especially to economic and social sectors as well as concerning for additional resource mobilization or increase the tax base from existing potential areas for keeping fiscal deficit under control. In this background, understanding of the State's macroeconomic profile is prelude for assigning the fiscal priorities and visioning the economic prosperity. Background: The erstwhile princely State merged with the Indian Union after independence on the 15th October, 1949 as Group-C category State. It became an Union Territory on 1st July, 1963. Tripura became a full-fledged State on the 21st January, 1972. At present, the State has 4- districts, 17-sub-divisions, 40- blocks, and also one Tribal Areas 3 Autonomous District Council. The Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council (TTAADC) was set up in 1982 under the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution, which brought under the Sixth Schedule in 1985. The TTAADC covers about 2/3rd of the total area of the State. It covers all the four districts and has 1/3rd population of the State. The State is situated between latitudes 22°56' and 24°32' north, and longitudes 91°09' and 92°20' east. It has an area of 10,491.69 Sq. Km. Tripura is a land-locked State, surrounded by Bangladesh on its north, south and west. The length of its international border with Bangladesh 856 Km (84 per cent of its total border), while it shares 53 Km border with Assam and 109 Km border with Mizoram. Tripura is connected with the rest of the Country by only National Highway-44, which runs through the hills to Cachar District in Assam. The Partition of India in 1947 was a defining event in the history of Tripura, and had an enduring effect on the process of social and economic development of the State. The Partition was perhaps the largest movement of evicted people in modern history. It witnessed a heavy influx of refugees into Tripura from erst-while East Pakistan, now Bangladesh, who arrived with little wealth in hand. On the otherhand, the Partition resulted in a huge infrastructural and economic set back for Tripura. It lost all its rail-heads-to the west, south and north-as they fell in East Pakistan, now Bangladesh, and the State was cut off from India's railway network. The distance by road from Agartala to Kolkata was less than 350 Km before Partition. After Partition, the route to Kolkata via Siliguri land corridor became 1,700 Km long. The Partition thus aggravated the geo-political isolation of Tripura and indeed, of the entire North Eastern Region. The local flora and fauna bear a very close affinity and resemblance with floral and faunal components of Indo-Malayan and Indo-Chinese sub-regions. The State is located in the bio-geographic zone of 9B-North-East hills and possesses an extremely rich bio-diversity. There are 379- species of trees, 320- shrubs, 581- herbs, 165- climbers, 16- climbing shrubs, 35- ferns, 45- epiphytes and 4- parasites. Rare plants of Tripura have been put to 18 numbers. There are 266 species of medicinal plants in the State (68- trees, 39- shrubs, 71- herbs and 88- climbers). There are 90 mammal species in Tripura and in the aquatic ecosystem 47 species of fish have been found. As per last Census of Wild Life conducted in 1989, there were 39 numbers of leopard, 182 numbers of elephant and 92 numbers of bison in the State. The prominent hill ranges are Jampui, Sakhantang, Longtharai, Atharamura, Baramura, Deotamura, Belkum and Kalajhari. Betling Shib (939 metres), situated in the Jampui Range, is the highest peak of Tripura. The important forest products include Sal, Teak, Gamai, Gurjan and Champa. The bamboo is available in the State abundantly, and is traditionally being used for multi-purpose by the tribal people. The Gumati, Howrah, Dhalai, Muhuri, Feni and Juri are the major rivers which swell in monsoon but they become shallow during the rest of the year. Natural gas deposits are among the most important features of Tripura's natural resource base. Natural gas has been stuck in the Baramura Hills and in Rokhia. 4 Natural gas-based thermal power plants have been set-up at both the places (Barmura and Rokhia). Besides, construction of one 740-MW Gas based Thermal Power Project at Palatana near Udaipur has been taken-up by ONGC and another 104-MW gas based Thermal Power Project at Monarchak in Sonamura Sub-Division has also taken-up by NEEPCO. Most of the parts of the State are in rural areas and about 83 percent of State's population lives in rural areas. Upliftment of rural poor as well as improvement in the quality of life of the economically weaker sections of the society has been one of the basic objectives of development planning in the State. Tripura is the second highest in terms of density of population among the North-Eastern States i.e., next to Assam. Over 60% of the area is classified as forest area leaving less area about 27% for cultivation. The State has many rain-fed, non-perrenial rivers and streams flowing to the neighbouring Bangladesh. Low availability of infrastructure has made the process of economic development extremely difficult for this backward State. The NH-44, the lifeline of Tripura, has been disrupted in the rainy season due to land slides near Patharkandi in Assam and Sonarpur in Meghalaya which is a perennial problem to the State. The railway link is extremely poor, although Agartala the capital of the State has recently been connected with the railway link by the metre gauge. Moreover, the State does not have any water transport system. The State scores well in terms of literacy, birth rate and death rate. It can be evident from the fact that State's birth rate, death rate, infant mortality rate, total fertility rate as well as literacy rate are above the national standard. Despite poor financial resources of its own, the State could ensure providing its share of liabilities against almost all the Centrally Sponsored Schemes. Although, overall performance of the State's economy remained impressive till 2007-08 despite its several infrastructural bottlenecks as well as geographical isolation from main land of the country but due to slow down of the national economy as a part of global economic crisis and price rise during last two years, the economy of the State has also come under severe pressure for the remaining years of 11th Plan period. The annual average growth rate of the State has shown a tendency for downfall from 2007-08 onwards as an impact of national scenario as well as price rise.
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