Cosmovisión Andina
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Apus De Los Cuatro Suyos
! " " !# "$ ! %&' ()* ) "# + , - .//0 María Cleofé que es sangre, tierra y lenguaje. Silvia, Rodolfo, Hamilton Ernesto y Livia Rosa. A ÍNDICE Pág. Sumario 5 Introducción 7 I. PLANTEAMIENTO Y DISEÑO METODOLÓGICO 13 1.1 Aproximación al estado del arte 1.2 Planteamiento del problema 1.3 Propuesta metodológica para un nuevo acercamiento y análisis II. UN MODELO EXPLICATIVO SOBRE LA COSMOVISIÓN ANDINA 29 2.1 El ritmo cósmico o los ritmos de la naturaleza 2.2 La configuración del cosmos 2.3 El dominio del espacio 2.4 El ciclo productivo y el calendario festivo en los Andes 2.5 Los dioses montaña: intermediarios andinos III. LAS IDENTIDADES EN LOS MITOS DE APU AWSANGATE 57 3.1 Al pie del Awsangate 3.2 Awsangate refugio de wakas 3.3 De Awsangate a Qhoropuna: De los apus de origen al mundo de los muertos IV. PITUSIRAY Y EL TINKU SEXUAL: UNA CONJUNCIÓN SIMBÓLICA CON EL MUNDO DE LOS MUERTOS 93 4.1 El mito de las wakas Sawasiray y Pitusiray 4.2 El mito de Aqoytapia y Chukillanto 4.3 Los distintos modelos de la relación Sawasiray-Pitusiray 4.4 Pitusiray/ Chukillanto y los rituales del agua 4.5 Las relaciones urko-uma en el ciclo de Sawasiray-Pitusiray 4.6 Una homologación con el mito de Los Hermanos Ayar Anexos: El pastor Aqoytapia y la ñusta Chukillanto según Murúa El festival contemporáneo del Unu Urco o Unu Horqoy V. EL PODEROSO MALLMANYA DE LOS YANAWARAS Y QOTANIRAS 143 5.1 En los dominios de Mallmanya 5.2 Los atributos de Apu Mallmanya 5.3 Rivales y enemigos 5.4 Redes de solidaridad y alianzas VI. -
Viracocha 1 Viracocha
ווירָאקוצֱ'ה http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=37&ved=0COYCEBYwJA&url=http %3A%2F%2Fxa.yimg.com%2Fkq%2Fgroups%2F35127479%2F1278251593%2Fname%2F14_Ollantaytam bo_South_Peru.ppsx&ei=TZQaVK- 1HpavyASW14IY&usg=AFQjCNEHlXgmJslFl2wTClYsRMKzECmYCQ&sig2=rgfzPgv5EqG-IYhL5ZNvDA ויראקוצ'ה http://klasky-csupo.livejournal.com/354414.html https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99 ווירקוצ'ה فيراكوتشا http://www.startimes.com/?t=20560975 Viracocha 1 Viracocha Viracocha Great creator god in Inca mythology Offspring (according to some legends) Inti, Killa, Pachamama This article is about the Andean deity. For other uses, see Wiraqucha (disambiguation). Viracocha is the great creator god in the pre-Inca and Inca mythology in the Andes region of South America. Full name and some spelling alternatives are Wiracocha, Apu Qun Tiqsi Wiraqutra, and Con-Tici (also spelled Kon-Tiki) Viracocha. Viracocha was one of the most important deities in the Inca pantheon and seen as the creator of all things, or the substance from which all things are created, and intimately associated with the sea.[1] Viracocha created the universe, sun, moon, and stars, time (by commanding the sun to move over the sky) and civilization itself. Viracocha was worshipped as god of the sun and of storms. He was represented as wearing the sun for a crown, with thunderbolts in his hands, and tears descending from his eyes as rain. Cosmogony according to Spanish accounts According to a myth recorded by Juan de Betanzos,[2] Viracocha rose from Lake Titicaca (or sometimes the cave of Paqariq Tampu) during the time of darkness to bring forth light. -
Machu Picchu & the Sacred Valley
Machu Picchu & The Sacred Valley — Lima, Cusco, Machu Picchu, Sacred Valley of the Incas — TOUR DETAILS Machu Picchu & Highlights The Sacred Valley • Machu Picchu • Sacred Valley of the Incas • Price: $1,995 USD • Vistadome Train Ride, Andes Mountains • Discounts: • Ollantaytambo • 5% - Returning Volant Customer • Saqsaywaman • Duration: 9 days • Tambomachay • Date: Feb. 19-27, 2018 • Ruins of Moray • Difficulty: Easy • Urumbamba River • Aguas Calientes • Temple of the Sun and Qorikancha Inclusions • Cusco, 16th century Spanish Culture • All internal flights (while on tour) • Lima, Historic Old Town • All scheduled accommodations (2-3 star) • All scheduled meals Exclusions • Transportation throughout tour • International airfare (to and from Lima, Peru) • Airport transfers • Entrance fees to museums and other attractions • Machu Picchu entrance fee not listed in inclusions • Vistadome Train Ride, Peru Rail • Personal items: Laundry, shopping, etc. • Personal guide ITINERARY Machu Picchu & The Sacred Valley - 9 Days / 8 Nights Itinerary - DAY ACTIVITY LOCATION - MEALS Lima, Peru • Arrive: Jorge Chavez International Airport (LIM), Lima, Peru 1 • Transfer to hotel • Miraflores and Pacific coast Dinner Lima, Peru • Tour Lima’s Historic District 2 • San Francisco Monastery & Catacombs, Plaza Mayor, Lima Cathedral, Government Palace Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner Ollyantaytambo, Sacred Valley • Morning flight to Cusco, The Sacred Valley of the Incas 3 • Inca ruins: Saqsaywaman, Rodadero, Puca Pucara, Tambomachay, Pisac • Overnight: Ollantaytambo, Sacred -
Peru's Inca Trail
PERU’S INCA TRAIL YOUNG ALUMNI TOUR 2020 BE PART OF THE TRADITION APRIL 4 - U.S. DEPARTURE DATE APRIL 5 - LAND TOUR START DATE APRIL 10 - TRAVEL HOME (arrive U.S. APRIL 11) BASE LAND PACKAGE FROM: $ 1,875 START YOUR ADVENTURE. Dear Young Alumni and Friends! Can you think of a better way to travel than with fellow Razorback Young Alumni? The University of Arkansas young alumni travel program offers you this opportunity by bringing you together with individuals in the same age range, with similar backgrounds and experiences, while enriching you on well-designed, hassle-free tours of the world. Travel with young alumni and friends of peer institutions, ages 22 – 35. These programs provide social, cultural, and recreational activities and many opportunities for learning enrichment and enjoying a connection back to the University of Arkansas alumni family. They are of great quality and value, operated by a travel company with over 40 years of experience in the young professional travel market. In this brochure you will find a detailed itinerary, travel dates and pricing. If you have any questions about our young alumni travel program, please contact us by emailing our tour operator, AESU, at [email protected] or call 800-638-7640. Sincerely, Brandy Cox Brandy Cox Associate Vice Chancellor & Executive Director for Arkansas Alumni Association, Inc. TRAVEL INSURANCE We highly recommend travel insurance. (Some schools or alumni associations may offer travel insurance to you at a reduced rate.) WWW.AESU.COM/UARK 2 PERU’S INCA TRAIL 8 DAYS P L A C E S V I S I T E D : Cusco - Machu Picchu - Sacred Valley of the Incas - Ollantaytambo - Aguas Calientes A B O U T T H E T R I P : Considered one of the most famous archaeological sites on the continent, the Inca citadel of Machu Picchu exceeds every visitor's expectations. -
PROJECT REPORT MACHU PICCHU SANCTUARY VOLUNTEER TRIP November 2-11, 2016
PROJECT REPORT MACHU PICCHU SANCTUARY VOLUNTEER TRIP November 2-11, 2016 Figure 1. November 2016 ConservationVIP Volunteers on terraces overlooking the Urubamba River Executive Summary Conservation Volunteers International Program (ConservationVIP) organized and led a volunteer trip to the Historical Sanctuary of Machu Picchu in November 2016, in collaboration with Peru’s Ministry of Culture, and the Ministry of Environment (National Service for Protected Area Management, SERNANP). The project was authorized by Doctor Vidal Pino Zambrano, Director de la Direccion Desconcentrada de Cultura Cusco - Ministry of Culture, and by engineer José Carlos Nieto Navarrete, Jefe of the Historical Sanctuary of Machu Picchu for SERNANP. The projects were discussed with anthropologist José Fernando Astete Victoria, Jefe del Parque Arqueológico Nacional de Machupicchu. Twenty volunteers, including the two trip leaders, John Hollinrake and Dr. Bill Sapp, ConservationVIP Board Members, and el Licenciado Santiago Carrasco Bellota, performed 500 hours of volunteer work related to the following projects: Machu Picchu November 2016 Volunteer Trip Report Page 2 1. On Sunday, November 6, 2017, volunteers cleared Melinis minutiflora, known colloquially as pasto gordura, from 1.35 kilometers of Inca Trail between the Guard House and the Sun Gate, from 0.16 kilometers of the 50-steps portion of the Inca Trail between Wiñay Wayna and the Sun Gate, and from an approximately 1 meter buffer on either side of the trail. Total area cleared of approximately 5,205 square meters. One group of volunteers dug 35 holes for planting native trees along the trail. 2. On Monday, November 7, 2017, one group of volunteers cleared Melinis minutiflora from 750 sq. -
T-1470.Pdf (630.9Kb)
Universidad Mayor de San Andrés Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación Carrera de Lingüística e Idiomas Instituto de Estudios Bolivianos Lecturas espaciales aymaras: Una visión lingüística-enciclopédica de la cuenca del lago Poopó y el río Desaguadero” ASDI/SAREC La polisemia léxica aymara En la cuenca del lago Poopó, río Desaguadero y Titiqaqa (Tesis de licenciatura de Lingüística e Idiomas Mención L.N.) Postulante: Univ. Gumercindo Mamani Mamani Tutor: Lic. Zacarías Alavi Mamani. La Paz–Bolivia 2004 AGRADECIMIENTO Mis sinceros agradecimientos a todo los aymaras de la cuenca del lago Poopó, río Desaguadero y de cantón Ancoraimes, quienes brindaron la información lingüística que constituye la base del presente trabajo. Se agradece también al proyecto lecturas espaciales aymaras: Una visión lingüística-enciclopédica de la cuenca del lago Poopó y río Desaguadero ASDI/SAREC del IEB, proyecto que facilitó información lingüística. Es la ocasión para expresar mi gratitud a Lic. Zacarías Alavi, tutor de tesis. DEDICATORIA Dedico el trabajo a mi madre Modesta, a mis hermanas Lucia, Teodora, asimismo a mi hija, esposa y familia C O N T E N I D O Agradecimiento iii Dedicatoria iv Abreviaturas y símbolos ix C A P Í T U L O I 1. INTRODUCCIÓN 1.1 Planteamiento del problema 3 1.2. Formulación del problema 4 1.3. Objetivos 5 1.3.1. Objetivo general 5 1.3.2. Objetivos específicos 5 1.4. Hipótesis del estudio 5 1.5. Justificaciones 6 1.6. Alcances y limitaciones 8 C A P Í T U L O II 2. CONSIDERACIÓN TEÓRICA 2.1. -
Highlights of Peru V2020
HIGH LIG H T S OF PER U HIGHLIGHTS OF PERU Experience Cusco from it's different angles, Cusco city, sacred valley and Machu Picchu. Expert guides will make your trip fascinating bringing ancient cultures to life. With a selection of stunning hotels, trains and bespoke EXPLORE FURTHER Enhance your 8-day itinerary with these exciting options. experiences spread across Peru’s most spectacular destinations, the Belmond Journeys in Peru team Belmond Andean Explorer - Cusco to Puno and Arequipa: has perfected the art of creating immersive Peruvian Join South America's first luxury sleeper train to Puno. escapes to leave you spellbound. Visit Raqch’i, La Raya, witness the sunrise at Lake Titicaca A jewel in South America's crown, Peru encapsulates before sailing to the Uros floating islands and Taquile everything we love about travel: time-honored traditions, Island. Admire Lake Lagunillas and the ancient Sumbay vibrant cultures and wild landscapes. Cave paintings. Finally, plunge into the Colca Canyon. Join us to explore this captivating, mystical realm of lost Amazon River: Fly from Lima to Iquitos. Board the Aria civilizations and tangible history. Journey to the beating Amazon, a luxury riverboat, and cruise along the mighty heart of the Land of the Incas. jungle waterway alighting to explore the rainforest. E I G H T - D AY IT I NER A R Y combined with the mysticism of the sacred valley. DAY 1 DAY 5 Arrive at Lima International Airport where one of our representatives Travel to Machu Picchu aboard Peru Rail Vistadome train. Enjoy will be waiting to escort you to Belmond Miraflores Park. -
Mathematics and Architecture of the Incas in Peru
AC 2011-2240: MATHEMATICS AND ARCHITECTURE OF THE INCAS IN PERU Cheri Shakiban, University of St. Thomas I am a professor of mathematics at the University of St. Thomas in St. Paul, Minnesota, where I have been a faculty member since 1983. I received my Ph.D. in 1979 from Brown University in Formal Cal- culus of Variations. My recent area of research is mostly in computer vision, with applications to object recognition. My publications are in diverse areas of mathematics and engineering. I love to work with undergraduate students, in particular, underrepresented students, to get them involved in doing research in mathematics and encourage them to give conference presentations/posters and submit their work for publication. In addition to teaching regular math courses, I also like to create and teach innovative courses such as ”Mathematical symmetry of Southern Spain” and ”Mathematics and Architecture of the Incas in Peru”, which I have taught as study abroad courses several times. Michael P. Hennessey, University of St. Thomas Michael P. Hennessey (Mike) joined the full-time faculty as an Assistant Professor fall semester 2000. He is an expert in machine design, computer-aided-engineering, and in the kinematics, dynamics, and control of mechanical systems, along with related areas of applied mathematics. Presently, he has published 41 technical papers (published or accepted), in journals (9), conferences (31), or magazines (1). In 2006 he was tenured and promoted to the rank of Associate Professor. Mike gained 10 years of industrial and academic research lab experience at 3M, FMC, and the University of Minnesota prior to embarking on an academic career at Rochester Institute of Technology (3 years) and Minnesota State University, Mankato (2 years). -
PERU: LAND of the INCA 9 Or 11 Days | Peru
Watch videos, read reviews, and enroll on your teacher’s Tour Website eftours.com/ This is also your tour number PERU: LAND OF THE INCA 9 or 11 days | Peru Peru is an awe-inspiring portal to the world of the Inca, one of the world’s great ancient civilizations. Spellbinding sites like Machu Picchu, informative exhibits at Larco Museum, and monuments like Sacsayhuaman bring it all into focus. The Peruvian culture of today is no less compelling—get a glimpse at one of its colorful markets. EVERYTHING YOU GET: Full-time Tour Director Sightseeing: 4 sightseeing tours led by expert, licensed local guides; 2 walking tours Entrances: San Francisco Monastery; Larco Museum; Korikancha Temple; Maras salt ponds; Machu Picchu; Ollantaytambo; Sacsayhuaman Fortress; ceramic studio Experiential learning: Weaving demonstration; with extension: naturalist activities e : weSharOur personalized learning experience engages students before, during, and after tour, with the option to create a final, reflective project for academic credit. All of the details are covered: Round-trip flights on major carriers; comfortable motorcoach; train; internal flights; 7 overnight stays in hotels with private bathrooms (9 with extension); breakfast and dinner daily; (2 lunches with extension) Anyone can see the world. YOU’RE GOING TO EXPERIENCE IT. Machu Picchu (1) As you can see, your EF tour includes visits to the places Lima (2) Sacred Valley (2) you’ve learned about in school. That’s a given. But it’s so much more than that. Immersing yourself in new cultures— Cuzco (2) Amazon Lodge (2) surrounded by the people, the language, the food, the way of life—creates inspirational moments that can’t be listed in an itinerary. -
Ollan- Taytambo
Contact: Martin Harbaum Office: (511) 215-6000 - Ext: 2405 Cell: +51 998033553 Email: [email protected] domiruthperutravel.com peru4x4adventures.com General information based on wikipedia files All pictures Copyright © Martin Harbaum Ollan- taytambo Ollantaytambo is a town and an Inca It is located at an altitude of 2,792 meters (9,160 feet) above sea archaeological site in southern Peru level in the district of Ollantaytambo, province of Urubamba, some 60 kilometers northwest of the Cusco region. During the Inca Empire, Ollantaytambo was the city of Cusco.. royal estate of Emperor Pachacuti who conquered the region, built the town and a ceremonial center. At the time of the Spanish conquest of Peru it served as a stronghold for Manco Inca Yupanqui, leader of the Inca resistance. Nowadays it is an important tourist attraction on account of its Inca buildings and as one of the most common starting points for the three- day, four-night hike known as the Inca Trail. History: Around the mid-15th century, the Inca emperor Pachacuti conquered and razed Ollantaytambo; the town and the nearby region were incorporated into his personal estate.[2] The emperor rebuilt the town with sumptuous constructions and undertook extensive works of terracing and irrigation in the Urubamba Valley; the town provided lodging for the Inca nobility while the terraces were farmed by yanaconas, retainers of the emperor.[3] After Pachacuti’s death, the estate came under the administration of his panaqa, his family clan.[4] During the Spanish conquest of Peru Ollantaytambo served as a temporary capital for Manco Inca, leader of the native resistance against the conquistadors. -
Peru and the Next Machu Picchu
Global Heritage Fund Peru and the Next Machu Picchu: Exploring Chavín and Marcahuamachuco October 10 - 20, 2012 Global Heritage Fund Peru and the Next Machu Picchu: Exploring Chavín and Marcahuamachuco October 10 - 20, 2012 Clinging to the Andes, between the parched coastal desert and the lush expanse of the Amazon rainforest, Peru is far more than Machu Picchu alone. For thou- sands of years, long before the arrival of the Inca, the region was home to more than 20 major cultures, all of them leaving behind clues to their distinctive identities. With more than 14,000 registered archaeological and heritage sites, Peru has a well-deserved reputation as a veritable treasure-trove for anyone interested in ancient cultures and archaeology. Ancient, colonial, and modern Peru is a country with many faces. In the com- pany of Global Heritage Fund staff, encounter some of Peru’s most remarkable FEATURING: civilizations through the objects, structures, and archaeological clues that con- Dr. John W. Rick tinue to be uncovered. Associate Professor of Anthropology Stanford University John Rick is an associate professor of anthropology at Stanford University and also serves as Curator of Anthropology at the Iris & B. Gerald Cantor Center for the Visual Arts, Stanford University. He earned his Ph.D. from Michigan in 1978. His interests in- clude prehistoric archaeology and anthropology of band-level hunter-gatherers, stone tool studies, analytical methodology, animal domestication and Pachacamac, Peru. South American archaeology. Dr. Rick has been di- Trip Highlights recting the excavations at the UNESCO World Heri- tage Site of Chavín de Huántar since 1995. -
Dance for Mother Lake on the Arid Titiqaqa Plateau: Observations from Fieldwork Seasons 1993–2005
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Apollo 122 Dance for Mother Lake on the Arid Titiqaqa Plateau: Observations from Fieldwork Seasons 1993–2005 Mary Louise Stone Independent Scholar, New Mexico, USA and Qamasa Weaving Insights Community, La Paz, Bolivia Introduction In the Andes Mountains’ high Titiqaqa plateau in Peru and Bolivia, vast expanses of dry earth stretch to distant mountains punctuated only by ichu, a spiky bunch grass, and t'ola, shrubs like sagebrush. Yet a golden high altitude glow tinges everything, and close to the ground, cactus bloom in dayglow pink and orange. The high desert presents intense challenges, yet over the centuries Titiqaqa plateau farmers and herders developed diverse strategies of water engineering, hardy seeds and microclimates (Yampara 1992). One characteristic Titiqaqa adaptation, I postulate, reveals a ritual relation with water highlighted by dance pilgrimages to Mother Lake, the life force in waters and lakes (Pan-Andean Gathering of the Uru People of Water, Iruhito, Bolivia, 2004). Fundamental desert routes are used by multiethnic pilgrims to her holy site of Lake Titiqaqa and modern large- scale celebrations in Copacabana, Bolivia, and Puno, Peru, and have potential parallels in the remains of earlier state-sponsored pilgrimages of the Inka and Tiwanaku civilisations and even earlier Chiripa community Archaeological Review from Cambridge 34.1 Mary L. Stone | 123 gatherings (Bauer and Stanish 2001; Janusek 2008; Stanish 2003). Archaeological and ethnographic sources indicate that ritual activity involving the veneration of water has been important in this high desert plateau for millennia. In the renowned reciprocity of the Andes, many residents of the vast desert today unite, and may have united in the past, in large spiritual festivities to give art and dance pilgrimages to Mother Lake for her continued gift of life.