DOCSLIB.ORG

The Socio-Political Dimensions of Warlord Tea Praxis in Early Modern Japan, 1573-1860

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Socio-Political Dimensions of Warlord Tea Praxis in Early Modern Japan, 1573-1860 Aesthetic Authorities: The Socio-Political Dimensions of Warlord Tea Praxis in Early Modern Japan, 1573-1860 By Melinda Sue Landeck Submitted to the graduate degree program in History and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ________________________________ Chairperson, Dr. Eric C. Rath ________________________________ Dr. J. Megan Greene ________________________________ Dr. Eve Levin ________________________________ Dr. Michael Baskett ________________________________ Dr. William Lindsey Date: October 21, 2015 The Dissertation Committee for Melinda Sue Landeck certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Aesthetic Authorities: The Socio-Political Dimensions of Warlord Tea Praxis in Early Modern Japan, 1573-1860 ________________________________ Chairperson, Dr. Eric C. Rath Date approved: October 21, 2015 ii Abstract This dissertation examines the practice of chanoyu (a performative art form featuring the formalized preparation of tea) by the regional warlords who took up the art in great numbers in Japan from the late sixteenth century forward. Spanning the period from 1573 until 1860, the case studies of seven warlord tea masters, as well as many ancillary figures, demonstrate the manner in which warlord tea praxis first developed in Japan and provide insight into why the art was embraced so widely by the military elite. Tracing this development through four chronological stages, this dissertation challenges the marginalization of warlord tea praxis in current scholarship, arguing that warlord tea masters were not only central to the field of early modern tea, but that warlord tea masters shaped the historical development of chanoyu in significant ways: assuming public roles as aesthetic authorities, collaborating with artisans, preserving and cataloguing tea utensils of historic import, contributing extensively to tea discourse through their writings, and articulating the connections between chanoyu and the governance of the Tokugawa state. iii Acknowledgements As with any undertaking of daunting size and long duration, there are so many people to whom I owe thanks and gratitude. I am deeply indebted to my dissertation adviser Eric Rath, whose sage counsel, patience, and insight have guided this project from its inception. Completion of this dissertation would have been impossible without his guidance and thoughtful critiques at every stage of its development over the past five years. During my time at the University of Kansas, I have been mentored by many other excellent historians of East Asia, including Megan Greene, William Tsutsui, Devon Dear, and Benjamin Uchiyama. Eve Levin has kindly shared useful advice on professionalization and never failed to help me consider as-yet unexplored implications of my research. Maggie Childs has been a constant source of reliable feedback and thought-provoking conversation. From Michael Baskett, I learned how to critically interpret cinematic depictions of historical figures and events. William Lindsey helped me navigate the apparent contradictions of Japanese religious history. The help of Michiko Ito at Watson Library in identifying and obtaining key resource materials cannot be overstated. My ability to interpret difficult early modern manuscripts has been greatly aided by participation in two seminars led by Laura Moretti (University of Cambridge, Emmanuel College) and Susumu Yamabe (Nish ōgakusha University), held in Pennsylvania and England, respectively. None of this research would have been possible without the early dedication of Mako Beecken, my first Japanese language teacher and later a respected colleague in the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures at Colorado State University. More than a decade of work with the Program for Teaching East Asia at the University of Colorado has taught how best to share my research with a wider audience, and I am grateful for the opportunity to continue to collaborate with Lynn Parisi and Cathy Higbee Ishida on various projects, including some which engage tea history. While in Kansas, Nancy Hope at the Kansas Consortium for Teaching about Asia and Patty Woods with the Heart of America Japan-America Society have also kindly provided opportunities for such outreach work. I was fortunate to receive a Japan Foundation Dissertation Research Fellowship grant for 2011-2012 which allowed me to conduct much of the archival research for this dissertation. While in Japan, Timothy Cross of Fukuoka University provided excellent on-site guidance and support for the project. I am grateful to Tokumaru Takatsugu of the Urasenke Konnichian archives for his assistance in accessing key documents. I also received valuable aid from staff iv members at the National Diet Library, the Eisei Bunk ō in Kumamoto, Matsui Bunko in Yatsushiro-jō, and from countless other curators, librarians, and docents at cultural sites connected to tea around Japan. I am grateful to my longtime friend Kiyoshi Takashima for arranging a personal introduction to scholars working on Hosokawa Sansai at the Eisei Bunk ō’s branch office at Kumamoto University. A serendipitous meeting with Haruo Ohkubo of Tokyo’s Musashino Gakuin University in Hikone yielded fascinating insight on the warlord Ii Naosuke and his life there at Umoreginoya. The encouragement of established tea scholars such as Kumakura Isao, Morgan Pitelka, Patricia Graham, Andrew Maske, James-Henry Holland, Kristin Surak, and Rebecca Corbett has inspired me to strive to live up to their scholarly models. It would be remiss of me to fail to mention my many teachers in the tea world, including Dale Slusser, Dean Olson, Randy Channell, Michael Ricci, Aaron Bryson, Christy Bartlett, Roy Bath, Todd Frey and Mrs. Tsuchiya. Bruce Hamana welcomed me to public tea events at Urasenke and introduced me to fellow students of tea in Kyoto. The scholars Ethan Segal, Stephen Miller, and Todd Henry have also provided mentoring and friendship over the years for which I am genuinely thankful. Along the way, I have benefited from and been comforted by the presence of genial and supportive colleagues at the University of Kansas and elsewhere, including Nicole Barnes, Paula Renée Curtis, Amy Franks Sevilla, John Schneiderwind, Bobby Del Greco, Allison Schmidt, Andrew Kustodowicz, Dezeree Hodish, Heather Yates, Vanessa Aldrich, and John Biersack. Thank you all for helping me sustain a healthy perspective and sense of humor along the way The support of Jim Varner was instrumental in enabling my return to student life from full-time teaching and much of my subsequent success is due to his generosity in facilitating that initial transition. My dear friend Sunniye Buesing, my sister DebiSue Merritt, and many other friends and family members have also been stalwarts of personal support. Finally, I doubt if I can ever adequately express the debt of gratitude and appreciation I owe to my husband, Gary Landeck. He has patiently listened to endless monologues on tea history, read many early chapter drafts, and believed in me and this project through high and low points alike. His unwavering support and love have daily sustained me on this journey. To all of the people who helped usher me toward the completion of this dissertation, I offer this expression of my enduring respect and appreciation. Thank you. v Table of Contents Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................ iv Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................... vi Introduction: Warlord Tea in Historical Context ........................................................................... 1 Chapter Two: No Tea Outside of Riky ū? Hosokawa Sansai, Furuta Oribe and the Question of Chanoyu Orthodoxy ...................................................................................................................... 45 Chapter Three: Inventing Auteurs: Warlord Tea Masters and the Cultivation of Cultural Authority, 1615-1673 ............................... 84 Chapter Four: “For the Ordering of the State”: Matsudaira Fumai’s Neo-Confucian Reclamation of Warlord Tea ............................................................................................................................ 133 Chapter Five: “Correcting the Original Teachings”: Ii Naosuke and Late-Tokugawa Chanoyu 173 Conclusion: Toward a Holistic History of Warlord Tea ............................................................. 213 Epilogue ...................................................................................................................................... 219 Bibliography ............................................................................................................................... 221 vi Introduction: Warlord Tea in Historical Context [A warrior] should make inquiry into the way of horsemanship, tea, archery and tactics. ~Hosokawa Y ūsai 1 From the late sixteenth century onward, the practice of chanoyu 2 – a performative art form characterized by the ritualized preparation and service of green tea – grew in popularity among Japan’s samurai. Quick to realize that the art conferred a veneer of cultural respectability upon its serious
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Annual Report 2018–2019 Artmuseum.Princeton.Edu
    Image Credits Kristina Giasi 3, 13–15, 20, 23–26, 28, 31–38, 40, 45, 48–50, 77–81, 83–86, 88, 90–95, 97, 99 Emile Askey Cover, 1, 2, 5–8, 39, 41, 42, 44, 60, 62, 63, 65–67, 72 Lauren Larsen 11, 16, 22 Alan Huo 17 Ans Narwaz 18, 19, 89 Intersection 21 Greg Heins 29 Jeffrey Evans4, 10, 43, 47, 51 (detail), 53–57, 59, 61, 69, 73, 75 Ralph Koch 52 Christopher Gardner 58 James Prinz Photography 76 Cara Bramson 82, 87 Laura Pedrick 96, 98 Bruce M. White 74 Martin Senn 71 2 Keith Haring, American, 1958–1990. Dog, 1983. Enamel paint on incised wood. The Schorr Family Collection / © The Keith Haring Foundation 4 Frank Stella, American, born 1936. Had Gadya: Front Cover, 1984. Hand-coloring and hand-cut collage with lithograph, linocut, and screenprint. Collection of Preston H. Haskell, Class of 1960 / © 2017 Frank Stella / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York 12 Paul Wyse, Canadian, born United States, born 1970, after a photograph by Timothy Greenfield-Sanders, American, born 1952. Toni Morrison (aka Chloe Anthony Wofford), 2017. Oil on canvas. Princeton University / © Paul Wyse 43 Sally Mann, American, born 1951. Under Blueberry Hill, 1991. Gelatin silver print. Museum purchase, Philip F. Maritz, Class of 1983, Photography Acquisitions Fund 2016-46 / © Sally Mann, Courtesy of Gagosian Gallery © Helen Frankenthaler Foundation 9, 46, 68, 70 © Taiye Idahor 47 © Titus Kaphar 58 © The Estate of Diane Arbus LLC 59 © Jeff Whetstone 61 © Vesna Pavlovic´ 62 © David Hockney 64 © The Henry Moore Foundation / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York 65 © Mary Lee Bendolph / Artist Rights Society (ARS), New York 67 © Susan Point 69 © 1973 Charles White Archive 71 © Zilia Sánchez 73 The paper is Opus 100 lb.
    [Show full text]
  • French Journal of Japanese Studies, 4 | 2015, « Japan and Colonization » [En Ligne], Mis En Ligne Le 01 Janvier 2015, Consulté Le 08 Juillet 2021
    Cipango - French Journal of Japanese Studies English Selection 4 | 2015 Japan and Colonization Édition électronique URL : https://journals.openedition.org/cjs/949 DOI : 10.4000/cjs.949 ISSN : 2268-1744 Éditeur INALCO Référence électronique Cipango - French Journal of Japanese Studies, 4 | 2015, « Japan and Colonization » [En ligne], mis en ligne le 01 janvier 2015, consulté le 08 juillet 2021. URL : https://journals.openedition.org/cjs/949 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/cjs.949 Ce document a été généré automatiquement le 8 juillet 2021. Cipango - French Journal of Japanese Studies is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. 1 SOMMAIRE Introduction Arnaud Nanta and Laurent Nespoulous Manchuria and the “Far Eastern Question”, 1880‑1910 Michel Vié The Beginnings of Japan’s Economic Hold over Colonial Korea, 1900-1919 Alexandre Roy Criticising Colonialism in pre‑1945 Japan Pierre‑François Souyri The History Textbook Controversy in Japan and South Korea Samuel Guex Imperialist vs Rogue. Japan, North Korea and the Colonial Issue since 1945 Adrien Carbonnet Cipango - French Journal of Japanese Studies, 4 | 2015 2 Introduction Arnaud Nanta and Laurent Nespoulous 1 Over one hundred years have now passed since the Kingdom of Korea was annexed by Japan in 1910. It was inevitable, then, that 2010 would be an important year for scholarship on the Japanese colonisation of Korea. In response to this momentous anniversary, Cipango – Cahiers d’études japonaises launched a call for papers on the subject of Japan’s colonial past in the spring of 2009. 2 Why colonisation in general and not specifically relating to Korea? Because it seemed logical to the journal’s editors that Korea would be the focus of increased attention from specialists of East Asia, at the risk of potentially forgetting the longer—and more obscure—timeline of the colonisation process.
    [Show full text]
  • EARLY MODERN JAPAN 2008 Samurai and the World of Goods
    EARLY MODERN JAPAN 2008 Samurai and the World of Goods: vast majority, who were based in urban centers, could ill afford to be indifferent to money and the Diaries of the Toyama Family commerce. Largely divorced from the land and of Hachinohe incumbent upon the lord for their livelihood, usually disbursed in the form of stipends, samu- © Constantine N. Vaporis, University of rai were, willy-nilly, drawn into the commercial Maryland, Baltimore County economy. While the playful (gesaku) literature of the late Tokugawa period tended to portray them as unrefined “country samurai” (inaka samurai, Introduction i.e. samurai from the provincial castle towns) a Samurai are often depicted in popular repre- reading of personal diaries kept by samurai re- sentations as indifferent to—if not disdainful veals that, far from exhibiting a lack of concern of—monetary affairs, leading a life devoted to for monetary affairs, they were keenly price con- the study of the twin ways of scholastic, meaning scious, having no real alternative but to learn the largely Confucian, learning and martial arts. Fu- art of thrift. This was true of Edo-based samurai kuzawa Yukichi, reminiscing about his younger as well, despite the fact that unlike their cohorts days, would have us believe that they “were in the domain they were largely spared the ashamed of being seen handling money.” He forced paybacks, infamously dubbed “loans to maintained that “it was customary for samurai to the lord” (onkariage), that most domain govern- wrap their faces with hand-towels and go out ments resorted to by the beginning of the eight- after dark whenever they had an errand to do” in eenth century.3 order to avoid being seen engaging in commerce.
    [Show full text]
  • Westernization in Japan: America’S Arrival
    International Journal of Management and Applied Science, ISSN: 2394-7926 Volume-3, Issue-8, Aug.-2017 http://iraj.in WESTERNIZATION IN JAPAN: AMERICA’S ARRIVAL TANRIO SOPHIA VIRGINIA English Literature Department BINUS UNIVERSITY Indonesia E-mail: [email protected] Abstract- As America arrived with westernization during late Edo period also known as Bakumatsu period, Japan unwelcomed it. The arrival of America in Japan had initiated the ‘wind of change’ to new era towards Japan culture albeit its contribution to Japan proffers other values at all cost. The study aims to emphasize the importance of history in globalization era by learning Japan's process in accepting western culture. By learning historical occurrences, cultural conflicts can be avoided or minimized in global setting. The importance of awareness has accentuated an understanding of forbearance in cultural diversity perspectives and the significance of diplomatic relation for peace. Systematic literature review is applied as the method to analyze the advent of America, forming of treaty, Sakoku Policy, Diplomatic relationship, and Jesuit- Franciscans conflict. The treaty formed between Japan and America served as the bridge for Japan to enter westernization. Keywords- Westernization, Japan, America, Sakoku Policy, Jesuit-Franciscans Conflict, Treaty, Culture, Edo Period. I. INTRODUCTION Analysing from the advent of America leads to Japan’s Sakoku Policy which took roots from a Bakumatsu period or also known as Edo period, dispute caused by westerners when Japan was an specifically in the year of 1854 in Capital of Kyoto, open country. This paper provides educational values Japan, was when the conflict between Pro-Shogunate from historical occurrences.
    [Show full text]
  • The Opening of Japan
    i i i i West Bohemian Historical Review VI j 2016 j 1 The Opening of Japan Eliška Lebedová∗ Since the first half of the 17th century Japan closed itself against the influence of the outside world. Only the Dutch traders could under strict restrictions enter the port of Nagasaki. This policy of so-called sakoku (isolation) was one of the cornerstones of the Tokugawa bakufu. However, since the turn of the 18th and 19th century the ships of the western pow- ers started to gain interest in the seas around Japan. The ruling Tokugawa regime was nevertheless anxious of the internal consequences of the opening of the country and turned away any effort of western Great Powers to open Japan to foreign trade. This policy was not however backed by military ability to repulse the foreigners if they came and tried to open Japan by force. The arrival of powerful fleet of Commodore Perry in 1853 therefore compelled the bakufu to sign a first treaty opening its ports to western country. Treaties with other countries followed soon and at the end of the 50s Japan had to sign a series of unequal treaties under the pressure of the Great Powers. This was a start of a whole new period of Japanese history. [Japan; Great Britain; United States; Russia; France; diplomacy; international relations; trade] Japan1 had always been an isolated and insular country due to its remote location. Foreign relations were limited to its relatively close neighbours in Asia. Trade agreements concluded in the 15th century with Korea and China led to the brisk exchange of goods, which was, however, accompa- nied by increased activities of Japanese pirates (wako¯) and Chinese smug- glers on the Chinese-Korean coast.2 Traders also sailed from Japan to Vietnam, Thailand and the Philippines.
    [Show full text]
  • The Jesuit Mission and Jihi No Kumi (Confraria De Misericórdia)
    The Jesuit Mission and Jihi no Kumi (Confraria de Misericórdia) Takashi GONOI Professor Emeritus, University of Tokyo Introduction During the 80-year period starting when the Jesuit missionary Francis Xavier and his party arrived in Kagoshima in August of 1549 and propagated their Christian teachings until the early 1630s, it is estimated that a total of 760,000 Japanese converted to Chris- tianity. Followers of Christianity were called “kirishitan” in Japanese from the Portu- guese christão. As of January 1614, when the Tokugawa shogunate enacted its prohibi- tion of the religion, kirishitan are estimated to have been 370,000. This corresponds to 2.2% of the estimated population of 17 million of the time (the number of Christians in Japan today is estimated at around 1.1 million with Roman Catholics and Protestants combined, amounting to 0.9% of total population of 127 million). In November 1614, 99 missionaries were expelled from Japan. This was about two-thirds of the total number in the country. The 45 missionaries who stayed behind in hiding engaged in religious in- struction of the remaining kirishitan. The small number of missionaries was assisted by brotherhoods and sodalities, which acted in the missionaries’ place to provide care and guidance to the various kirishitan communities in different parts of Japan. During the two and a half centuries of harsh prohibition of Christianity, the confraria (“brother- hood”, translated as “kumi” in Japanese) played a major role in maintaining the faith of the hidden kirishitan. An overview of the state of the kirishitan faith in premodern Japan will be given in terms of the process of formation of that faith, its actual condition, and the activities of the confraria.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Trends in Japan on the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592(Imjin War) 1
    International Journal of Korean History (Vol.18 No.2, Aug. 2013) 31 Research Trends in Japan on the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592(Imjin War) 1 Nakano Hitoshi* Foreword The Japanese invasion of Korea in the late 16th Century is also called the Chosŏn (Joseon) Campaign or the Bunroku Keicho Offensive in Japan or the Imjin (Jp., Jinshin) War. In Japan, studies of the event have been actively conducted since the Edo period. There is a large amount of aca- demic research also in the early modern period. A historic review of the Bunroku Keicho Offensive that I wrote in regard of Japan in the early modern period appeared in the Report of the Second Round of the Korea- Japan Commission for the Joint Study of History, Subcommittee-2 (2010). Here, I intend to focus on recent research trends in Japan. Therefore, please refer to that previous article for discussions carried on in the period preceding Shōwa. In the main text, I intend to outline the research trends up to the 1970s, which relates to what I am asked to do, and then review the state of research in the 1980s and thereafter. Part of this will overlap with the contents of the previous article. I will deal with the task in units of a decade, and include explanation where necessary. * Kyushu University Faculty of Social and Cultural Studies 32 Research Trends in Japan on the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592(Imjin War) Research Trend up to the 1970s In the post-World War II period, a new view was adopted concerning the flow of the post-war study of history, inheriting the demonstrative research of the pre-war period.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hosokawa Family Eisei Bunko Collection
    NEWS RELEASE November, 2009 The Lineage of Culture – The Hosokawa Family Eisei Bunko Collection The Tokyo National Museum is pleased to present the special exhibition “The Lineage of Culture—The Hosokawa Family Eisei Bunko Collection” from Tuesday, April 20, to Sunday, June 6, 2010. The Eisei Bunko Foundation was established in 1950 by 16th-generation family head Hosokawa Moritatsu with the objective of preserving for future generations the legacy of the cultural treasures of the Hosokawa family, lords of the former Kumamoto domain. It takes its name from the “Ei” of Eigen’an—the subtemple of Kenninji in Kyoto, which served as the family temple for eight generations from the time of the original patriarch Hosokawa Yoriari, of the governing family of Izumi province in the medieval period— and the “Sei” of Seiryūji Castle, which was home to Hosokawa Fujitaka (better known as Yūsai), the founder of the modern Hosokawa line. Totaling over 80,000 objects, it is one of the leading collections of cultural properties in Japan and includes archival documents, Yūsai’s treatises on waka poetry, tea utensils connected to the great tea master Sen no Rikyū from the personal collection of 2nd-generation head Tadaoki (Sansai), various objects associated with Hosokawa Gracia, and paintings by Miyamoto Musashi. The current exhibition will present the history of the Hosokawa family and highlight its role in the transmission of traditional Japanese culture—in particular the secrets to understanding the Kokinshū poetry collection, and the cultural arts of Noh theater and the Way of Tea—by means of numerous treasured art objects and historical documents that have been safeguarded through the family’s tumultuous history.
    [Show full text]
  • 16 Brightwells,Clancarty Rcad,London S0W.6. (O 1-736 6838)
    Wmil THE TO—KEN SOCIETY OF GREAT BRITAIN for theStudy and Preservation of Japanese Swords and Fittings Hon.President B.W.Robinson, M0A. ,B,Litt. Secretary: 16 Brightwells,Clancarty Rcad,London S0W.6. 1- 736 6838) xnc2ResIoENTzuna0xomoovLxnun. (o PROGRAMME NEXT MEETING Monday, OOtober 7th 1968 at The Masons Arms 9 Maddox Street 9 London 1-1.1. at 7.30 p.m. SUBJECT Annual meeting in which nominations for the new Committee will be taken, general business and fortunes of the Society discussed. Members please turn up to this important meeting 9 the evening otherwise will be a free for all, so bring along swords, tsuba, etc. for discussion, swopping or quiet corner trading. LAST. MEETING I was unable to attend this and have only reports from other members. I understand that Sidney Divers showed examples of Kesho and Sashi-kome polishes on sword blades, and also the result of a "home polish" on a blade, using correcb polishing stones obtained from Japan, I believe in sixteen different grades0 Peter Cottis gave his talk on Bows and Arrows0 I hope it may be possible to obtain notes from Peter on his talk0 Sid Diverse written remarks can his part in the meeting are as follows "As promised at our last meeting, I have brought examples of good (Sashi-Komi) and cheap (Kesho) • polishes. There are incidentally whole ranges of prices for both types of polish0 The Sashi-Komi polish makes the colour of the Yakiba almost the same as the Jihada. This does bring out all the smallest details of Nie and Nioi which would not show by the Kesho polish.
    [Show full text]
  • Complete Poison Blossoms from a Thicket of Thorn : the Zen Records of Hakuin Ekaku / Hakuin Zenji ; Translated by Norman Waddell
    The Publisher is grateful for the support provided by Rolex Japan Ltd to underwrite this edition. And our thanks to Bruce R. Bailey, a great friend to this project. Copyright © 2017 by Norman Waddell All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission from the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. ISBN: 978-1-61902-931-6 THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA Names: Hakuin, 1686–1769, author. Title: Complete poison blossoms from a thicket of thorn : the zen records of Hakuin Ekaku / Hakuin Zenji ; translated by Norman Waddell. Other titles: Keisåo dokuzui. English Description: Berkeley, CA : Counterpoint Press, [2017] Identifiers: LCCN 2017007544 | ISBN 9781619029316 (hardcover) Subjects: LCSH: Zen Buddhism—Early works to 1800. Classification: LCC BQ9399.E594 K4513 2017 | DDC 294.3/927—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017007544 Jacket designed by Kelly Winton Book composition by VJB/Scribe COUNTERPOINT 2560 Ninth Street, Suite 318 Berkeley, CA 94710 www.counterpointpress.com Printed in the United States of America Distributed by Publishers Group West 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To the Memory of R. H. Blyth CONTENTS Chronology of Hakuin’s Life Introduction BOOK ONE Instructions to the Assembly (Jishū) BOOK TWO Instructions to the Assembly (Jishū) (continued) General Discourses (Fusetsu) Verse Comments on Old Koans (Juko) Examining Old
    [Show full text]
  • Piese De Artă Decorativă Japoneză Din Colecţia Muzeului Ţării Crișurilor
    Piese de artă decorativă japoneză din Colecţia Muzeului Ţării Crișurilor și colecţiile particulare din Oradea TAMÁS Alice* Japanese decorative art pieces from the collections of Criş County Museum and private properties in Oradea - Abstract - The history of japanese pottery reveled the evolution of ceramic arts styles and technics and also the activities of many masters, craftsmans, artists by the different periods of Japan history like Jomon (8000B.C.- 300B.C.), Yayoi (300B.C.-300A.D.), Kofun (300A.D.- 710A.D.), Nara (710-794), Heian (794-1192), Kamakura (1192-1333), Muromachi (1333- 1573), Momoyama (1573-1603), Edo(1603-1868), Meiji (1868-1912), Taisho (1912-1926) and Showa (1926-1988). The most beautiful Satsuma pottery that found in the collections of the Criș County Museum and private properties in Oradea, was made in Meiji periode, for the occidental art consumers and described historical scenes, that was painted with many technics like underglase, overglase, Moriaje (rice) Keywords: Japanese pottery, tradition, industry, Satsuma, art styles, În urma investigaţiilor arheologice şi a datării cu carbon radioactiv s-a ajuns la concluzia că arhipeleagul japonez, cândva parte din continentul eurasiatic a fost locuit din Pleistocen (Era glaciară), uneltele din piatră găsite datând dinainte de 30.000 î. Hr., iar meș- teșugul și arta ceramicii se practica de mai bine de 12.000 de ani. Istoria culturii și civilizaţiei din arhipeleagul Japonez cunoaște o împărţire pe perioade. Urmărind perioadele istorice din cele mai vechi timpuri și până azi se poate constata o evoluţie a spiritualităţii, a mentalităţilor precum și a diverselor tehnici de execuţie a ceramicii japoneze, având perioade incipiente, de apogeu și declin de-a lungul timpului.
    [Show full text]
  • The Making of Modern Japan
    The Making of Modern Japan The MAKING of MODERN JAPAN Marius B. Jansen the belknap press of harvard university press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England Copyright © 2000 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Third printing, 2002 First Harvard University Press paperback edition, 2002 Book design by Marianne Perlak Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Jansen, Marius B. The making of modern Japan / Marius B. Jansen. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 0-674-00334-9 (cloth) isbn 0-674-00991-6 (pbk.) 1. Japan—History—Tokugawa period, 1600–1868. 2. Japan—History—Meiji period, 1868– I. Title. ds871.j35 2000 952′.025—dc21 00-041352 CONTENTS Preface xiii Acknowledgments xvii Note on Names and Romanization xviii 1. SEKIGAHARA 1 1. The Sengoku Background 2 2. The New Sengoku Daimyo 8 3. The Unifiers: Oda Nobunaga 11 4. Toyotomi Hideyoshi 17 5. Azuchi-Momoyama Culture 24 6. The Spoils of Sekigahara: Tokugawa Ieyasu 29 2. THE TOKUGAWA STATE 32 1. Taking Control 33 2. Ranking the Daimyo 37 3. The Structure of the Tokugawa Bakufu 43 4. The Domains (han) 49 5. Center and Periphery: Bakufu-Han Relations 54 6. The Tokugawa “State” 60 3. FOREIGN RELATIONS 63 1. The Setting 64 2. Relations with Korea 68 3. The Countries of the West 72 4. To the Seclusion Decrees 75 5. The Dutch at Nagasaki 80 6. Relations with China 85 7. The Question of the “Closed Country” 91 vi Contents 4. STATUS GROUPS 96 1. The Imperial Court 97 2.
    [Show full text]