The Making of Modern Japan
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
1 Chapter 1 the Legal System and the Economic, Political and Social
Chapter 1 The Legal System and the Economic, Political and Social Development in Japan I Introduction In this course we will follow briefly the history of legal development in Japan and ask how legal reforms have influenced, and have been influenced by, economic development, which has also influenced, and has been influenced by, political and social development in Japan. It is a part of the complexity of mutual relations between legal, economic, political, and social development in a society, from which we will clarify the roles of legal reform for the development of the country. The way to development is not simple and single, but there are various routes to approach development. The well-known route which had occurred in the U.K. was that the Parliament finally succeeded in limiting the political power of the King by the Glorious Revolution in 1688, having the Bill of Rights to be guaranteed, and establishing the rule of law, which led to the industrial revolution since the 17th century. It was a typical pattern of mutual relation between political development (the popular revolution), legal development (the rule of law), and economic development (the industrial revolution). Then how was it in Japan? Acemoglu and Robinson analyzed the Japanese pattern as follows: By 1890 Japan was the first Asian country to adopt a written constitution, and it created a constitutional monarchy with an elected parliament, the Diet, and an independent judiciary. These changes were decisive factors in enabling Japan to be the primary beneficiary from the Industrial Revolution in Asia.1 According to Acemoglu and Robinson, the Japanese way seems to be similar to that of the U.K., for the political development (the Diet in constitutional monarchy), which was sustained by the legal development (the written constitution), led to the industrial revolution. -
AFTD News Spring 2011
Volume VIII, Issue 1 Spring 2011 AFTD Adopts New Name, Renews Mission esponding to feedback from pa- varied constituent groups that AFTD the word “dementia” when diagnos- tients, families, and many medi- serves: patients, caregivers, researchers ing a person with an FTD language or R cal experts, AFTD has changed and clinicians. Work led by an ad hoc movement disorder. In the literature, its name to e Association for Fron- committee of AFTD’s Board of Di- researchers use a variety of terms to re- totemporal Degeneration. e change rectors also included an extensive lit- fer to the broad group of diseases: some was adopted in recognition of a recent erature search and engaged discussions use “frontotemporal dementias” some shift in medical terminology, as well as use FTLD, or frontotemporal lobar a strong desire that AFTD be a place With a new name, degeneration (which is a broad term where patients and caregivers living comes a new web address. for the underlying disease pathology) with the wide variety of diagnoses the and at least one journal has already organization supports will feel welcome. Visit us at used “frontotemporal degeneration.” “e AFTD Board of Directors unani- www.theaftd.org. “All of our experts agree that this mously supported this decision,” says array of clinical disorders include dif- AFTD Board Chair Beth Walter. “We with the organization’s Medical Advi- ferent types of abnormal protein ag- have so much important work to do, sory Council and peer organizations. gregation in the frontal and/or temporal we invite everyone affected by any of While results were not unanimous, lobes of the brain,” says Emily Levy, these diseases to join us to spread aware- some facts did emerge. -
EARLY MODERN JAPAN 2008 Samurai and the World of Goods
EARLY MODERN JAPAN 2008 Samurai and the World of Goods: vast majority, who were based in urban centers, could ill afford to be indifferent to money and the Diaries of the Toyama Family commerce. Largely divorced from the land and of Hachinohe incumbent upon the lord for their livelihood, usually disbursed in the form of stipends, samu- © Constantine N. Vaporis, University of rai were, willy-nilly, drawn into the commercial Maryland, Baltimore County economy. While the playful (gesaku) literature of the late Tokugawa period tended to portray them as unrefined “country samurai” (inaka samurai, Introduction i.e. samurai from the provincial castle towns) a Samurai are often depicted in popular repre- reading of personal diaries kept by samurai re- sentations as indifferent to—if not disdainful veals that, far from exhibiting a lack of concern of—monetary affairs, leading a life devoted to for monetary affairs, they were keenly price con- the study of the twin ways of scholastic, meaning scious, having no real alternative but to learn the largely Confucian, learning and martial arts. Fu- art of thrift. This was true of Edo-based samurai kuzawa Yukichi, reminiscing about his younger as well, despite the fact that unlike their cohorts days, would have us believe that they “were in the domain they were largely spared the ashamed of being seen handling money.” He forced paybacks, infamously dubbed “loans to maintained that “it was customary for samurai to the lord” (onkariage), that most domain govern- wrap their faces with hand-towels and go out ments resorted to by the beginning of the eight- after dark whenever they had an errand to do” in eenth century.3 order to avoid being seen engaging in commerce. -
Westernization in Japan: America’S Arrival
International Journal of Management and Applied Science, ISSN: 2394-7926 Volume-3, Issue-8, Aug.-2017 http://iraj.in WESTERNIZATION IN JAPAN: AMERICA’S ARRIVAL TANRIO SOPHIA VIRGINIA English Literature Department BINUS UNIVERSITY Indonesia E-mail: [email protected] Abstract- As America arrived with westernization during late Edo period also known as Bakumatsu period, Japan unwelcomed it. The arrival of America in Japan had initiated the ‘wind of change’ to new era towards Japan culture albeit its contribution to Japan proffers other values at all cost. The study aims to emphasize the importance of history in globalization era by learning Japan's process in accepting western culture. By learning historical occurrences, cultural conflicts can be avoided or minimized in global setting. The importance of awareness has accentuated an understanding of forbearance in cultural diversity perspectives and the significance of diplomatic relation for peace. Systematic literature review is applied as the method to analyze the advent of America, forming of treaty, Sakoku Policy, Diplomatic relationship, and Jesuit- Franciscans conflict. The treaty formed between Japan and America served as the bridge for Japan to enter westernization. Keywords- Westernization, Japan, America, Sakoku Policy, Jesuit-Franciscans Conflict, Treaty, Culture, Edo Period. I. INTRODUCTION Analysing from the advent of America leads to Japan’s Sakoku Policy which took roots from a Bakumatsu period or also known as Edo period, dispute caused by westerners when Japan was an specifically in the year of 1854 in Capital of Kyoto, open country. This paper provides educational values Japan, was when the conflict between Pro-Shogunate from historical occurrences. -
Religious Studies in Japan
Religious Studies in Japan volume 5, 2020 contents 1 Foreword Hoshino Seiji 3 Those Who Sell the Sacred Sites: The Economic Development of Contemporary Tibet and Popular Religious Spaces Bessho Yūsuke 29 Kumazawa Banzan’s Ideas Regarding the “Great Way” and “Shinto” Iseki Daisuke 53 The Successors of Hirata Theology Mitsumatsu Makoto reviews 81 Takahashi Norihito 高橋典史, Shirahase Tatsuya 白波瀬達也, and Hoshino Sō 星野壮, eds., Gendai Nihon no shūkyō to tabunka kyōsei: Imin to chiiki shakai no kankeisei o saguru『現代日本 の宗教と多文化共生―移民と地域社会の関係性を探る』 Kato Masato 87 Nagaoka Takashi 永岡崇, Shinshūkyō to sōryoku sen: Kyōso igo o ikiru 新宗教と総力戦―教祖以後を生きる Adam Lyons Religious Studies in Japan volume 5: 1–2 Hoshino Seiji Editor’s Foreword We are proud to present the fifth volume ofReligious Studies in Japan (RSJ). RSJ was established in 2012 as the English-language journal of the Japanese Associa- tion for Religious Studies (JARS). We have finally reached our fifth outing with this issue, and over time there have been slight changes in the character of the periodical. Accordingly, I want to take this occasion to explain a little bit about what that character is at present as well as our basic orientation. First, the journal was founded to serve as a medium through which the mem- bers of JARS could present the fruits of their research in English. For that reason, from the very start it has accepted article submissions from the membership. The articles that appear in the journal have been peer reviewed and deemed to be of sufficient value to be published. Unfortunately, not many articles that go through this process reach publication, but in any case, I still wish to reempha- size that this journal is positioned to serve as a venue through which JARS mem- bers can put their research findings before the public eye. -
© in This Web Service Cambridge University
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02903-3 - The Cambridge History of Japanese Literature Edited by Haruo Shirane and Tomi Suzuki Index More information Index Abbot Rikunyo (1734–1801), 465 Ukiyo monogatari (Tales of the Floating Abe Akira (1934–89), 736 World, 1661), 392 Abe Kazushige (b. 1968), 765, 767 Atsumori, 8, 336, 343 Abe Ko¯bo¯(1924–93), 701, 708, 709, 760 aware (pathos), 80, 138, 239, 299, 474, 486 Adachigahara, 339 Ayukawa Nobuo (1920–86), 717 akahon (red books), 510–22 Azuma nikki (Eastern Diary, 1681), 409 Akazome Emon, 135, 161, 170, 193–7 Azumakagami, 201 Akimoto Matsuyo (1911–2001), 708 azuma-uta (eastland songs), 77, 79, 82, 111 Akizato Rito¯(?–1830), 524 To¯kaido¯ meisho zue (Illustrated Sights of Backpack Notes. See Matsuo Basho¯ the To¯kaido¯, 1797), 524–5 Bai Juyi (or Bo Juyi, J. Haku Kyoi or Haku Akutagawa Ryu¯nosuke (1892–1927), 286, 630, Rakuten, 772–846), 124 639, 669, 684, 694–5, 700 Baishi wenji (Collected Works of Bai Juyi, ancient songs, 25, 26, 28–9, 37, 40–4, 52, 57–8, J. Hakushi monju¯ or Hakushi bunshu¯, 60; see also kiki kayo¯ 839), 184–6, 283 Ando¯ Tameakira (1659–1716), 138, 480 Changhen-ge (Song of Never-Ending Shika shichiron (Seven Essays of Sorrow, J. Cho¯gonka, 806), 152 Murasaki, 1703), 138 Baitei Kinga (1821–93), 530 anime, 729, 764 bakufu (military government), 95, 201, 211–12, Anzai Fuyue (1898–1965), 684, 714–15 215, 216, 295, 297, 309, 312, 314, 348–9, aohon (green books), 510–22 374–6, 377–8, 388, 389, 393–5, 419, 432–3, Aono Suekichi (1890–1961), 658–9 505–7, 520–2, 532–3 Arai Hakuseki (1657–1725), 4, 461, 546 banka (elegy), 54, 63–4, 76, 77, 83 Arakida Moritake (1473–1549), 326 banzuke (theater programs), 391, 425, 452 Arakida Reijo (1732–1806), 377 Battles of Coxinga. -
Sports Quiz When Were the First Tokyo Olympic Games Held?
Sports Quiz When were the first Tokyo Olympic Games held? ① 1956 ② 1964 ③ 1972 ④ 1988 When were the first Tokyo Olympic Games held? ① 1956 ② 1964 ③ 1972 ④ 1988 What is the city in which the Winter Olympic Games were held in 1998? ① Nagano ② Sapporo ③ Iwate ④ Niigata What is the city in which the Winter Olympic Games were held in 1998? ① Nagano ② Sapporo ③ Iwate ④ Niigata Where do sumo wrestlers have their matches? ① sunaba ② dodai ③ doma ④ dohyō Where do sumo wrestlers have their matches? ① sunaba ② dodai ③ doma ④ dohyō What do sumo wrestlers sprinkle before a match? ① salt ② soil ③ sand ④ sugar What do sumo wrestlers sprinkle before a match? ① salt ② soil ③ sand ④ sugar What is the action wrestlers take before a match? ① shiko ② ashiage ③ kusshin ④ tsuppari What is the action wrestlers take before a match? ① shiko ② ashiage ③ kusshin ④ tsuppari What do wrestlers wear for a match? ① dōgi ② obi ③ mawashi ④ hakama What do wrestlers wear for a match? ① dōgi ② obi ③ mawashi ④ hakama What is the second highest ranking in sumo following yokozuna? ① sekiwake ② ōzeki ③ komusubi ④ jonidan What is the second highest ranking in sumo following yokozuna? ① sekiwake ② ōzeki ③ komusubi ④ jonidan On what do judo wrestlers have matches? ① sand ② board ③ tatami ④ mat On what do judo wrestlers have matches? ① sand ② board ③ tatami ④ mat What is the decision of the match in judo called? ① ippon ② koka ③ yuko ④ waza-ari What is the decision of the match in judo called? ① ippon ② koka ③ yuko ④ waza-ari Which of these is not included in the waza techniques of -
A New Interpretation of the Bakufu's Refusal to Open the Ryukyus To
Volume 16 | Issue 17 | Number 3 | Article ID 5196 | Sep 01, 2018 The Asia-Pacific Journal | Japan Focus A New Interpretation of the Bakufu’s Refusal to Open the Ryukyus to Commodore Perry Marco Tinello Abstract The Ryukyu Islands are a chain of Japanese islands that stretch southwest from Kyushu to In this article I seek to show that, while the Taiwan. The former Kingdom of Ryukyu was Ryukyu shobun refers to the process by which formally incorporated into the Japanese state the Meiji government annexed the Ryukyu as Okinawa Prefecture in 1879. Kingdom between 1872 and 1879, it can best be understood by investigating its antecedents in the Bakumatsu era and by viewing it in the wider context of East Asian and world history. I show that, following negotiations with Commodore Perry, the bakufu recognized the importance of claiming Japanese control over the Ryukyus. This study clarifies the changing nature of Japanese diplomacy regarding the Ryukyus from Bakumatsu in the late 1840s to early Meiji. Keywords Tokugawa bakufu, Bakumatsu, Ryukyu shobun, Commodore Perry, Japan From the end of the fourteenth century until the mid-sixteenth century, the Ryukyu kingdom was a center of trade relations between Japan, China, Korea, and other East Asian partners. According to his journal, when Commodore Matthew C. Perry demanded that the Ryukyu Islands be opened to his fleet in 1854, the Tokugawa shogunate replied that the Ryukyu Kingdom “is a very distant country, and the opening of its harbor cannot be discussed by us.”2 The few English-language studies3 of this encounter interpret this reply as evidence that 1 16 | 17 | 3 APJ | JF the bakufu was reluctant to become involved in and American sources relating to the discussions about the international status of negotiations between Perry and the bakufu in the Ryukyus; no further work has been done to 1854, I show that Abe did not draft his guide investigate the bakufu’s foreign policy toward immediately before, but rather after the Ryukyus between 1854 and the early Meiji negotiations were held at Uraga in 1854/2. -
A POPULAR DICTIONARY of Shinto
A POPULAR DICTIONARY OF Shinto A POPULAR DICTIONARY OF Shinto BRIAN BOCKING Curzon First published by Curzon Press 15 The Quadrant, Richmond Surrey, TW9 1BP This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to http://www.ebookstore.tandf.co.uk/.” Copyright © 1995 by Brian Bocking Revised edition 1997 Cover photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten Cover design by Kim Bartko All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0-203-98627-X Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-7007-1051-5 (Print Edition) To Shelagh INTRODUCTION How to use this dictionary A Popular Dictionary of Shintō lists in alphabetical order more than a thousand terms relating to Shintō. Almost all are Japanese terms. The dictionary can be used in the ordinary way if the Shintō term you want to look up is already in Japanese (e.g. kami rather than ‘deity’) and has a main entry in the dictionary. If, as is very likely, the concept or word you want is in English such as ‘pollution’, ‘children’, ‘shrine’, etc., or perhaps a place-name like ‘Kyōto’ or ‘Akita’ which does not have a main entry, then consult the comprehensive Thematic Index of English and Japanese terms at the end of the Dictionary first. -
EVOLUTION of JAPANESE WOMEN's KIMONO from A.D. 200 to 1960
THE EVOUTCION OF JAPANESE WOMEN'S KIMONO FEOK A.D. 200 TO 1960 *"> MASAKO TOYOSHMA B. S., Fukuoka Women's University, 1963 A MASTER'S REPORT submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF SCIENCE General Home Economics College of Home Eoonomios KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 1967 Approved byi Major Professor TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. HU-STYLE PERIOD (A.D. 200-552) 7 Political Situation 7 Dress of tha Period 9 III. T'ANG-STYLE PERIOD (552-894) 13 Politioal Situation 13 Dress of T'ang-stylo Period 18 IV. OS0DE-FASHI0N PERIOD (894-1477) 26 Political Situation 26 Dress of the OBode-Fashion Period 33 V. KOSODE-FASHION PERIOD (1477-1868) 44 Politioal Situation 44 Dress of Kosode-fashion Period •• 52 VI. JAPANESE-WESTERN PERIOD (1868-1960) 68 Politioal Situation 68 Dress of Japanese -'Western Period • 75 VII. SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 83 Summary ............. 83 Recommendations •• •• 87 88 BIBLIOGRAPHY • • • ii LIST OF PLATES PLATE PAGE I Dress of Hu-style Period ..... ... 11 II Dress of T'ang-style Period 21 III Dress of Osode-fashion Period 37 17 Dress of Kosode-fashion Period 54 V Dress of Japanese -We stern Period. ............ 82 iii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Costume expresses a relationship to the ideals and the spirit - of the country during a particular time. Hurlock states in The Psych ology of Pre s s : In every age, some ideal is developed which predominates over all others. This ideal may be religious or political; it may re- late to the crown or to the people; it may be purely social or artistic, conservative or radical. -
The Flexible Structure of Politics in Meiji Japan
DLPPolicy and Practice for Developmental Leaders, Elites and Coalitions DEVELOPMENTAL LEADERSHIP PROGRAM Research Paper 07 The Flexible Structure of Politics in Meiji Japan Junji Banno, Professor Emeritus, The University of Tokyo and Kenichi Ohno, Professor Emeritus., The University of Tokyo April 2010 www.dlprog.org The Developmental Leadership Program (DLP) addresses an important gap in international thinking and policy about the critical role played by leaders, elites and coalitions in the politics of development. This growing program brings together business, academic and civil society partners from around the world to explore the role of human agency in the processes of development. DLP will address the policy, strategic, and operational implications about ‘thinking and working politically’ - for example, about how to help key players solve collective action problems, negotiate effective institutions and build stable states. The Developmental Leadership Program E: [email protected] W: www.dlprog.org 3 Abstract Japan’s transformation period following the encounter with the powerful West, in which the political regime was revised and new national goals and strategies were agreed, started with the signing of commercial treaties with the West in 1858 and ended with the settlement on the basic directions of political and economic reforms in 1881. In the intervening years, two goals of establishing a public delib- eration mechanism (kogi yoron) and raising economic and military capability (fukoku kyohei) were set, which later split into four policy groups of a constitution, a national assembly, industrialization, and foreign expedition. The simultaneous pursuit and eventual achievement of multiple goals was supported by the flexible structure of politics in which goals, alliances, and leaders and leading groups evolved dynamically without solidifying into a simple hard structure or falling into uncontrollable crisis. -
Download The
Pictures of Social Networks: Transforming Visual Representations of the Orchid Pavilion Gathering in the Tokugawa Period (1615-1868) by Kazuko Kameda-Madar B.A., The University of Hawai„i at Mānoa, 1997 M.A., The University of Hawai„i at Mānoa, 2002 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in The Faculty of Graduate Studies (Art History) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) May 2011 © Kazuko Kameda-Madar, 2011 Abstract This thesis examines the cultural networks that connected people holding common ideological values in the Tokugawa period by surveying a range of visual representations of the Orchid Pavilion Gathering. It explores the Tokugawa social phenomena that gave rise to the sudden boom in the Orchid Pavilion motif and how painters of different classes, belonging to different schools, such as Kano Sansetsu, Ike Taiga, Tsukioka Settei and Kubo Shunman, came to develop variations of this theme in order to establish cultural identity and to negotiate stronger positions in the relationships of social power. Probing the social environment of artists and their patrons, I demonstrate how distinct types of Orchid Pavilion imagery were invented and reinvented to advance different political agendas. The legendary gathering at the Orchid Pavilion in China took place in 353 CE, when Wang Xizhi invited forty-one scholars to participate in an annual Spring Purification Festival. At this event, Wang Xizhi improvised a short text that has come to be known as the Preface to the Orchid Pavilion Gathering. In Japan, while the practice of the ritual gathering and the text describing it were introduced in the Nara period, its pictorial representation in the format of a stone rubbing was not imported until the early seventeenth century.