Eleven Things You Should Know About the Carpool Lanes in Los Angeles
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Eleven things you should know about the carpool lanes in Los Angeles County. Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority One Gateway Plaza Los Angeles, CA 90012 COMPANY NAME Street Address City, State 00000 HOV Performance Program Executive Summary The MTA is online at www.mta.net July 2002 Page 9 of 10 HOV Performance Program HOV Performance Program Page 2 of 10 10) Carpool lanes can help air quality. Eleven things you should know about the Carpool lanes generate about half the Air quality is important to residents of Southern carpool lanes in Los Angeles County. emissions per person-mile than the other California, and carpool lanes are only one of a adjacent lanes on a freeway. Furthermore, number of measures enacted to help slow the survey findings for Los Angeles County reflect growth of vehicle emissions. Carpool lanes The following is a summary of key findings Various travel data including vehicle volumes, a widely held belief among residents and encourage ridesharing and transit use, thereby from the Los Angeles County Metropolitan travel time, vehicle occupancy, transit commuters that carpool lanes do help the cutting down on the number of vehicles that would Transportation Authority (MTA) HOV utilization, and accident statistics were region’s air quality. otherwise use the region’s roadway system. Performance Program. The study findings compiled and analyzed to evaluate the represent the culmination of an extensive operational characteristics of HOV facilities in The HOV Performance effort to collect and analyze traffic and user Los Angeles County. This performance data VEHICLE EMISSIONS Program examined the data to evaluate the effectiveness of the evaluation was supplemented by extensive (AVERAGE OF AM & PM PEAK HOUR - ALL STUDY ROUTES) current air quality carpool lane system in Los Angeles County. market research to determine the level of impacts of carpool The HOV Performance Program was support for the HOV system, to understand lanes in Los Angeles conducted in cooperation and coordination traveler needs and desires, and to expand 5.0 County. Further testing with other state, regional, and local agencies ways to communicate the benefits of HOV and monitoring will be and organizations. facilities. 4.0 needed over a number of years to ascertain the The HOV Performance Program measured Detailed findings from the HOV Performance the impact of carpool lane use against a set Program are presented in a series of Technical 3.0 true long-term benefits of carpool lanes with of program goals and objectives. Regional Memoranda and a final Evaluation Report. HOV goals were consolidated into five Electronic copies of these documents are 2.0 regard to air quality. guiding objectives that were defined in a available from the MTA website at preliminary Evaluation Plan. The objectives www.mta.net. 1.0 included: GRAMS PER PASSENGER-MILE The program findings help address some of 0.0 1. Manage travel demand by increasing the common questions and misconceptions CARBON REACTIVE NITROGEN PARTICULATE MONOXIDE (CO) ORGANIC GASES OXIDES (NOx) MATTER (PM10) Carpool Lanes person movement capacity in congested regarding carpool lanes and the overall (ROG) Other Lanes freeway corridors. performance of the carpool lane system in Los 2. Encourage carpooling, vanpooling, and Angeles County. Eleven “things you should bus use by providing travel and mobility know” about the Los Angeles County carpool 11) Just because traffic is backed up in other lanes options. lane system performance are presented in this doesn’t mean the carpool lanes aren’t working. 3. Provide travel time savings and trip executive summary. This important information reliability to travelers using the HOV is of benefit in planning future carpool lane Carpool lanes are part of an overall strategy to Carpool lanes provide a travel alternative that facilities. investments and contemplating changes in address corridor and regional congestion many people find attractive. In recent surveys, 4. Provide air quality benefits. operational policies. problems on Los Angeles County freeways. 64% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed 5. Promote a cost-effective transportation With increases in population, employment and that carpool lanes reduce congestion in all system. automobile ownership generating more traffic, freeway lanes, while 82% of the people using carpool lanes provide options for those who are carpool lanes said that the main reason they able to take the bus, carpool or vanpool. did so was to save time. WHAT IS THE MAIN REASON YOU USE THE CARPOOL LANES? 1,222 RESPONDENTS 50% 82% 40% 30% 20% 9% 6% 2% 10% 0% SAVE TIME ITS SAFER DON'T KNOW OTHER Page 7 of 10 HOV Performance Program HOV Performance Program Page 4 of 10 8) Carpool lanes are important to bus transit. 3) Carpool lanes don’t have to look full to be effective. A commonly voiced concern is that A few carpool lanes in Los Angeles CARPOOL LANE BUS RIDERSHIP the carpool lanes sometimes “look PERSON-TRIPS County, particularly the El Monte (PM PEAK HOUR - PM PEAK DIRECTION) DAILY - SUM OF BOTH DIRECTIONS empty” and therefore they must not Busway on the I-10 (San Bernardino) be working. In Los Angeles County, 7,000 Freeway and the Harbor Transitway approximately half of the residents 6,000 25,000 on the I-110 (Harbor) Freeway feel that carpool lanes are sufficiently (pictured right), carry a significant 5,000 20,000 utilized, while slightly fewer than half number of transit passengers. The El feel they are underutilized. 4,000 15,000 Monte Busway carpool lanes carry Despite inherent capacity constraints 10,000 over 24,500 transit passengers daily, 3,000 DAILY BUS RIDERSHIP and the Harbor Transitway carpool and fewer vehicles, a carpool lane on 5,000 2,000 Not Available Not Available Los Angeles County’s busiest Not Available lanes carry almost 5,000 transit 0 passengers daily. freeways carries from 1 to 3 times 1,000 more people than an adjacent PERSON-TRIPS-PER-LANE (PTPL) 0 freeway lane. To look at this from a 405 (101 to 5) 5 (605 to 710) Almost all the carpool lane transit 105 (405 to 605) 101 (405 to 27) 170 (101/134 to 5) 605 (South to 10) 134 (101/170 to 210) 405 (110 to Century) CONTROL ROUTES different perspective, one bus can HOV STUDY ROUTES 210 (134 to Sunflower) riders surveyed say that the carpool 57 (Orange County to 60) 118 (Ventura County to 5) 91 (110 to Orange County) 405 (Orange County to 110) lanes are important in their decision carry as many as 50 commuters, and 405 NB (101 to 5) 5 SB (605 to 710) 60 (Brea Canyon to SBD County) 110 SB (91 to 105) 101 NB (405 to 27) 110 Harbor Transitway (91 to 105) 105 EB (405 to 605) CONTROL ROUTES 14 (San Fernando to Escondido Cyn) about half the number of carpools 170 NB (101/134 to 5) 605 NB (South to 10) 110 Harbor Transitway (105 to Adams) 110 SB (105 to Adams) to use transit services. Over one- 134 EB (101/170 to 210) 405 SB (110 to Century) 10 El Monte Busway (Alameda to Baldwin) 210 EB (134 to Sunflower) can carry as many people as a full 10 EB (Alameda to Baldwin) 57 NB (Orange County91 EB to(110 60) to Orange County) 118 EB (Ventura County to 5) third of these surveyed transit riders 405 SB (Orange County to 110) general-purpose freeway lane. This Carpool Lanes (34%) say they would most likely 60 EB (Brea Canyon to SBD County) 14 NB (San Fernando to Escondido Cyn) HOV STUDY ROUTES Other Lanes discontinue riding the bus if the means that carpool lanes (and buses were no longer able to travel in particularly those with transit HOW IMPORTANT IS THE AVAILABILITY OF CARPOOL services) can carry more people in LANES IN YOUR DECISION TO RIDE THIS BUS? the carpool lanes. Carpool lanes are mass transit lanes, and their fewer vehicles. usefulness and effectiveness are compromised NOT While the two carpool lane corridors Caltrans HOV Guidelines for Planning, when they operate even a little over capacity. SOMEWHAT IMPORTANT that have the highest current transit Once the operating capacity of a carpool lane is 6% VERY Design and Operations (July 1991) IMPORTANT ridership link directly to downtown exceeded, congestion begins to occur more 11% IMPORTANT established a peak minimum lane threshold 83% Los Angeles, there are other carpool of 800 vehicles per hour for carpool lanes frequently, increasing travel times and reducing corridors in Los Angeles County that more than one year old. In Los Angeles time savings. Increasing carpool lane transit connect major residential and County, all but one of the existing services is one option that can be used to employment centers that could freeway carpool routes exceed this increase the person moving capacity of carpool lanes to make them more effective. probably benefit from increased bus threshold. In most cases, service. Comparisons to other cities carpool lanes in Los Angeles with similar characteristics (like CARPOOL LANE PEAK VOLUME County exceed this threshold by (PEAK HOUR - PEAK DIRECTION) Houston and Seattle) show the more than 50% (or 1,200 vehicles 1,052 Respondents 1,600 potential exists to move more transit per hour). passengers in carpool lanes. 1,400 Perhaps the most serious 1,200 challenge Los Angeles County carpool lanes face is that they are 1,000 now so popular that they are 800 Minimum Threshold getting too crowded. Right now, (VPHPL) 600 several carpool lanes in Los (800VPHPL) Angeles County are close to 400 reaching a maximum desirable 200 VEHICLES-PER-HOUR-PER-LANE operating capacity. These findings suggest that carpool lanes are 0 indeed very effective, and that future effort is required to ensure 405 SB (101 to 5) 110 NB (91 to 105) 105 WB (405 to 605) 170 SB (101/134 to 5) 605 SB (South to 10) they continue to be effective.