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Pennsylvanian Sharon Formation, Past and Present: Sedimentology, Hydrogeology, and Historical and Environmental Significance

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Pennsylvanian Sharon Formation, Past and Present: Sedimentology, Hydrogeology, and Historical and Environmental Significance GUIDEBOOK NO. 18 PENNSYLVANIAN SHARON FORMATION, PAST AND PRESENT: SEDIMENTOLOGY, HYDROGEOLOGY, AND HISTORICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE A field guide to Gorge Metro Park, Virginia Kendall Ledges in the Cuyahoga Valley National Park, and other sites in Northeast Ohio Editor Annabelle M. Foos DIVISION OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 4383 FOUNTAIN SQUARE DRIVE COLUMBUS, OHIO 43224-1362 (614) 265-6576 (614) 447-1918 (FAX) e-mail: [email protected] World Wide Web: http://www.ohiodnr.com/geosurvey/ OHIO GEOLOGY ADVISORY COUNCIL Ms. F. Lynn Kantner, representing At-Large Citizens Mr. David A. Wilder, representing Coal Mr. C. Robert Lennertz, representing Environmental Geology Dr. Mark R. Boardman, representing Higher Education Dr. Robert W. Ritzi, Jr., representing Hydrogeology Mr. Garry L. Getz, representing Industrial Minerals Mr. William M. Rike, representing Oil and Gas SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL STAFF OF THE DIVISION OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ADMINISTRATION (614) 265-6988 Thomas M. Berg, MS, State Geologist and Division Chief Dennis N. Hull, MS, Assistant State Geologist and Assistant Division Chief Betty R. Lewis, Fiscal OfÀ cer James M. Patterson, Account Clerk Sharon L. Stone, AD, Administrative Assistant GEOLOGIC MAPPING GROUP (614) 265-6473 COAL & INDUSTRIAL MINERALS GROUP (614) 265-6594 Edward Mac Swinford, MS, Geologist Supervisor Douglas L. Crowell, MS, Geologist Supervisor Richard R. Pavey, MS, SurÀ cial Mapping Administrator Charles E. Banks, MS, Geologist/GIS Specialist C. Scott Brockman, MS, Geologist Ronald G. Rea, MS, Geologist and Sample Repository Man- Glenn E. Larsen, MS, Geologist ager Gregory A. Schumacher, MS, Geologist Mark E. Wolfe, BS, Geologist Douglas L. Shrake, MS, Geologist Kim E. Vorbau, BS, Geologist PETROLEUM GEOLOGY GROUP (614) 265-6598 LAKE ERIE GEOLOGY GROUP (419) 626-4296, Lawrence H. Wickstrom, MS, Geologist Supervisor (419) 626-8767 (FAX) Mark T. Baranoski, MS, Geologist James McDonald, MS, Geologist Constance J. Livchak, MS, Geologist Supervisor Ronald A. Riley, MS, Geologist Jonathan A. Fuller, MS, Geologist Ernie R. Slucher, MS, Geologist Donald E. Guy, Jr., MS, Geologist Joseph G. Wells, MS, Database Administrator CARTOGRAPHY & EDITING GROUP (614) 265-6593 GEOLOGIC RECORDS CENTER (614) 265-6585 Edward V. Kuehnle, BA, Cartographer Supervisor Garry E. Yates, NZCS, Supervisor Donovan M. Powers, BA, GIMS Specialist Madge R. Fitak, BS, OfÀ ce Assistant Lisa Van Doren, BA, Electronic Designer Sharon E. Lundy, OfÀ ce Assistant An Equal Opportunity Employer - M/F/H recycled paper vii STATE OF OHIO Bob Taft, Governor DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES Samuel W. Speck, Director DIVISION OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas M. Berg, Chief GUIDEBOOK NO. 18 PENNSYLVANIAN SHARON FORMATION, PAST AND PRESENT: SEDIMENTOLOGY, HYDROGEOLOGY, AND HISTORICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE A fi eld guide to Gorge Metro Park, Virginia Kendall Ledges in the Cuyahoga Valley National Park, and other sites in Northeast Ohio Editor Annabelle M. Foos Department of Geology, University of Akron Authors Annabelle M. Foos Department of Geology, University of Akron Neil A. Wells Department of Geology, Kent State University James E. Evans Department of Geology, Bowling Green State University Joseph T. Hannibal Cleveland Museum of Natural History David A. Waugh Department of Geology, Kent State University Prepared for the 2003 Annual Great Lakes Section-SEPM/Northern Ohio Geological Society Field Conference Columbusi 2003 This guidebook has been edited by the University of Akron and the Cleveland Museum of Natural History. The views, terminology, interpretations, and rock-unit terminology expressed are those of the authors. The Division of Geological Survey disclaims any responsibility for interpretations and conclusions. Cover photo: The Cuyahoga Gorge at Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio, during the late 19th century. Photo courtesy of Taylor Memo- rial Public Library, Cuyahoga Falls Ohio. ii CONTENTS Page Chapter 1, Overview and Road Logs, by Annabelle M. Foos .............................................. 1 Overview ......................................................................................................................... 1 Road log Day 1 ............................................................................................................... 1 Road log Day 2 ............................................................................................................... 4 References cited ............................................................................................................. 5 Chapter 2, The Early Pennsylvanian Sharon Formation of Northeastern Ohio, by James E. Evans .................................................................................................................. 6 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 6 Age and stratigraphic nomenclature ............................................................................ 6 Tectonic and climatic setting ......................................................................................... 6 Sharon Formation .......................................................................................................... 7 Lithology and stratigraphy in northeastern Ohio ................................................ 7 Lithofacies and lithofacies assemblages ................................................................ 7 Alluvial architecture ............................................................................................... 7 Paleohydraulics ...................................................................................................... 9 Depositional environments .................................................................................... 10 Basin analysis ......................................................................................................... 10 Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................ 11 References cited ............................................................................................................. 11 Chapter 3, Review and Regional Context of Late Devonian through Early Pennsylva- nian Stratigraphy of North-central Ohio, by Neil A. Wells .................................. 13 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 13 Late Devonian clastic wedge ......................................................................................... 13 Mississippian clastics of the Appalachian Basin ......................................................... 15 The Pennsylvanian: the second clastic wedge .............................................................. 16 References cited ............................................................................................................. 16 Chapter 4, Regional Hydrogeology of the Sharon Aquifer, by Annabelle M. Foos ............ 19 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 19 Physical setting .............................................................................................................. 19 Hydraulic properties ...................................................................................................... 20 Hydrochemistry ............................................................................................................. 21 Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................ 22 References cited ............................................................................................................. 24 Chapter 5, Hydrogeology of Gorge Metro Park, Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio, by Annabelle M. Foos .... 26 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 26 Methods .......................................................................................................................... 26 Results ............................................................................................................................ 26 Discussion ...................................................................................................................... 30 Road salt contamination ........................................................................................ 30 Hydrology of the Sharon Aquifer ........................................................................... 31 Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................ 32 References cited ............................................................................................................. 32 Chapter 6, Some Notes and Hypotheses Concerning Iron and Iron Remobilization Fea- tures in the Sharon Formation (Summit County, Ohio), by Neil A. Wells, David A. Waugh, and Annabelle M. Foos ......................................................................... 33 Abstract .......................................................................................................................... 33 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 33 Observations .................................................................................................................
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