Nominationform lnternationalMemory of the World Register

Documentsof Polishradio intelligence from the periodof the Battleof in 1920

( lD ,,ilr i/nl, ttt,,itt\( t,tii\ I

Give a briefdescription of the documentaryheritage being nominated and the reasonsfor proposingit.

This is the "shopwindow" of your nominationand is bestwritten last! It shouldcontain all the essentialpoints you wantto make,so thatanyone reading it can understandyour case even if theydo not read the restof your nomination.

Documents of Polish radio intelligencefrom the period of the in August 1920 are a collectionof unique importance.They representa new type of historical source and at the same time they are a significantrecord of an event regardedas one of thedecisive battles in the historyof theworld. Defeatingthe BolshevikArmy not onlyfoiled the Russianconquest of Polandand otherstates that newlygained or regainedindependence as a resultof the World War l. lt also blightedthe plans of combiningthe BolshevikRevolution with the revolutionin Germany and thus compromisedthe possibilityfor victory of the communistsystem in Europe. ln the summerof 1920 the eyes oJ the worldwere turnedtowards Warsaw. The victoryover the quantitativepredominance of Bolshevikforces was possiblemostly due to usingin militaryaction by Polishmilitary intelligence most modern technology of the time - radio.The documentsof Polish radio intelligenceof the Battle of Warsaware one of the firsttestimonies to the use of radiomonitoring and of new methodsof decipheringthe enemies'codes. lt was also the Battleof Warsal,vwhere the radio monitoringand those new decipheringtechniques played a iole that determinedthe outcomeof the battleand thewar.

2.1 Name of nominator (person or organization) CentralMilitary Archives (CentralneArchiwum Wojskowe) Directorof the centra|Militarv Archives Professor Sławomir Cenckiewicz 2.2Relationship to the nominateddocumentary heritage The submitteddocuments are storedin the CentralMilitarv Archives which is an institutionunder the Ministrv of NationalDefence.

2'3 Contact person(s) (to provide inłormation on nomination) Directorof the CentralMilitary Archives ProfessorSławomir Cenckiewicz phone:+48 261 813 144 e-mail: [email protected] 2.4 Contact details

Address:

CentralneArchiwum PontonierÓw24' 00-910Warszawa Wojskowe Telephone:

+48261 813 144(Director +48 261 813 749 [email protected] SławomirCenckiewicz)

+48261 813 700 (Director StanisławSokół)

I ceńify that I havethe authorityto nominatethe documentaryheritage described in this documentto the InternationalMemory of the World Register.

Signature Plof. SŁAWoM|R cENcK|EW|cz

Full name(Please PRINT) I (/"- /' ,, \. / / CentralMilitary Archives I /'"'----' t/\---1 v-\-""'-- ---/ 1,,* Institution(s).ir appropriate

Date Ją / ł,ł.i6 Signature DTANDRZEJ BIERNAT

Full name (Please PRINT)

Secretaryof Polish Gommitteeof UNESCO Memoryof the World Program ,lL\wn-^rt Institution(s), if appropriate

Date u o{'l2L! 3.1 Nameand identificationdetails of the itemsbeing nominated lf inscribed,the exacttitle and institution(s)to appearon the certificateshould be given ln this pań of the form you must describe the document or collection in sufficientdetail to make clear precisely what you are nominating.Any collection must be finite (withbeginning and end dates) and closed.

Documentsof Polishradio intelligence from the periodof the Battleof Warsaw1920 preservedin the CentralMilitary Archives are locatedin the collectionof Divisionll of Supreme Commandershipof Po|ishArmed Forces (Po|ish..oddział || Nacze|nego DowództwaWojska Po|skiego'') from 1918-1921(cAW' fi|eno. |'301.8.),in folders 626-672(46 folders). These unitsconsist of a varietyof documents:coded messages and translationsof cipherte)dsof the Red Army taken over by the Cipher Bureauof Divisionll of SupremeCommandership of PolishArmed Forces, commands of 2no,3'0, 6thand lh Army and commandsof fronts;aerogrammes of radiotelegraphicstations, includingWarsaw and Lviv; books of brokenciphers of the Red Army; Polish and Russiancodes; coded messagesand aerogrammesof SupremeCommandership of Polish Armed Forces,fronts, armies and operationalgroups as well as ciphersof Polishmilitary mission abroad. Submittedfor nominationciphertexts and codedmessages of Divisionll of Supreme Commandershipof Polish Armed Forces from 191 8-1 921 were used to make key decisions of the Supreme Commandershipof Polish Armed Forces and had a fundamentalimpact on the courseof the Battleof Warsawand the Polishvictorv in the war withSoviet Russia. Documents from nominatedfiles (CAW, file no. 1.301.8.626-672) containing informationof significantimpact on the courseof the war, have been attachedto the applicationin theform of scansalong with their description.

3,2 Catalogueor registrationdetails

Depending on what is being nominated, appending a catalogue can be a useful way of defining a collection. lf this is too bulky or impractical, a comprehensive description accompanied by sample catalogue entries, accesslon or registrationnumbers or other ways of defining a collection's size and character can be used.

Submittedfor nominationdocuments of Divisionll of the SupremeCommandership of the PolishArmed Forcesfrom the period1918-1921 can be foundin files of catalogue no. 1.301.8.626-672. Selected documents (those of significantimpact on the courseof the Battleof Warsaw)have been attachedto the applicationon DVD in the form of scans alongwith their description. The followingtable providesthe date of interceptionof the coded messageand the dateof itsdecryption. Cataloguenumber Ciphertextnumber/ date of interception/date of decryption t.301.8.632 34446/06.08/ 07.08 1.301.8.632 33437i06.08/ 07.08 t.301.8.639 35359/13.08/ 13.08 1.301.8.639 35552/14.08/ 15.08 t.301.8.639 35285/10.08/11.08 1.301.8.644 35590/16.08/ 17.08 t.301.8.644 36630i17.08/ 17.08 t.301.8.644 35592i16.08/ 16.08 t.301.8.644 36634/17.08i 18.08 1.301.8.645 33586/03.08/ 04.08 t.301.8.645 34445107.O8l 07.08 1.301.8.646 12.08.

3.3Visual documentationif appropriate(for example, photog.aphs, or a DVD of the documentary heritage)

It is useful to append photographs (or in the case of audiovisual material a CD, DVD, USB key of all or some of the material), where this adds additionalinformation, to help the assessors visualize or listen to the collection or document.

Scans of selecteddocuments submitted for nominationattached to the applicationform ONDVD.

3.4History/provenance Describewhat you knowof the historyof the collectionor document.Your knowledge may not be complete,but give the bestdescription yoLr can.

On the llh of September1919 the Historicaland OperationalSection oJ Divisionlll of the Supreme Commandership of the Polish Armed Forces was formed that took up collecting and developing documents of 191 8-1920 (mainly of the war with Soviet Russia) produced by the Polish Army. A special instructionwas issued relatingto collectingarchival materials concerning the war of 1920. On the order of DivisionI of the GeneralStaff (l4thNovember 1922), the Historical and Operational Section was transformedinto HistoricalOffice of the General Staff, which took over the collected documents. The main task of the newly established section was to collect and develop historicalmaterials concerningthe Polish war of 1918-1 920. In June 1927 chanoes were made in the orqanizationof the Historical Office.lts name was changedinto MilitaryHistorical Office (Polish"Wojskowe Biuro Historyczne"- WBH) and was subordinatedto the GeneralInspectorate of the Armed Forces (Po|ish..Generalny |nspektorat Sił Zbrojnych'' - GISZ).The Mi|itaryHistorica| Officestored documentation produced by institutionsand militaryunits during military operationsas we||as accountsfrom the so|diers- pańicipantsof the war WithSoviet Russiain 1920and of the Battleof Warsaw. Besidethe Archiveof the MilitaryHistorical Office, many documents from the Polish Warof 1918-1920were collected in theholdings of theCentral Military Archives (Polish "CentralneArchiwum Wojskowe" - CAW),which was established in December1918. In 1927 the Central MilitaryArchives changed its name to MilitaryArchives (Polish "ArchiwumWojskowe" - AW) and was subordinatedto the MilitaryHistorical Office. In September1939, during the aerialbombardment of Warsaw,on the roomof Military HistoricalOffice in the buildingof GeneralInspectorate of the Armed Forces a bomb was droppedand partlydestroyed the files of operatinggroups, divisions and regiments of the PolishWar includingthe Battleof Warsaw.Other files of the PolishWar shared the fate of the remainingdocuments of Polish Army and have been exportedby Germansto the branchof PotsdamMilitary Archive in Gdańsk-o|iwa.During the occupation,the documentsof Divisionll of SupremeCommandership of the Polish Armed Forces and Divisionll of the GeneralStaff were of particularinterest to the Abwehr and Gestapo.At the end ot 1944,in view of approachingfront, documents includingthose of Divisionll were deportedto the Reich.When the war was over in 1945,many of documents,including those of Divisionll of SupremeCommandership of the Polish Armed Forces and Divisionll of the GeneralStaff, were plunderedbv the Red Army.They havebeen exported to the archivesof the SovietUnion. The interming|eddocuments of pre-warPo|ish Army that survived the Warin Gdańsk- Oliwa formedthe basis of resourcesfor the CentralMilitary Archives reactivated in August 1945 and moved in 1951 to Warsaw. Files of Divisionll of Supreme Commandershipof the PolishArmed Forcesand Divisionll of the GeneralStaff were ..Główny took over by the Main Directorateof |nformationof the Po|ishArmy (Po|ish Zarząd|nformacji WP) for operationa|purposes. Then' by the decisionof the Ministry of Pub|icsecurity (Po|ish ..Ministerstwo Bezpieczeństwa Pub|icznego'')' thgfi|es have been transferredto the Archivesof the Ministryof InternationalAffairs (Polish "MSW - MinisterstwoSpraw Wewnętrznych''), Where they have been avai|able for on|ya handfu| of researchers.ln 1989the Archiveof the Ministryof InternationalAffairs has handed over to the CentralMilitary Archives 6313 foldersamong which there were files of Divisionll of SupremeCommandership of the PolishArmed Forces and Divisionll of the Genera|Staff. |n the courseof fuńherdeve|opment new fi|es have beenattached to files of Divisionll of SupremeCommandership of the Polish Armed Forces - files transferredin .1964from Russian archives by reclamation.In 2000 work on the developmentof collectionDivision ll of SupremeCommandership of the PolishArmed Forces,containing documentation of PolishWa|l9l8-1920, includingthe Battleof Warsaw,was completedby preparingthe inventorybook with an introductionand made availablefor researchers.After the developmentthe collectionconsists of 46,7 linea( metersof files (l 142 folders). 3.5Bibliography

A bibliography demonstrates what others have independently said and writtenabout the heritage you are nominating' lt is best if you can cite scńo/ars from several countries' rather than just your own country, and if they are authoritativevoices clearly independent from both your own institutionand UNESCO.

1. Bandrowski-KadenJ., La grandebataille de la Vistule;[raduit du anglaispar T. Waryński],Varsovie: Sociótó de PubIicationsInternationa|es 192.1 2. Bandrowski-KadenJ., The greatbattle on the Vistula;[translated from Polish by HarrietE. Kennedyl,London: Sampson Law, Marston 192l 3. BiegańskiS., Gen. Weygando bitwiewarszawskiej [Gen' Weygandabout the Battle of Warsawl,Bellona, London 1957, no. 2 April-June,pp. 59-61 4. Bitwa Warszawska 13-28 Vlll 1920:dokumenty operacyjne [The Battle of Warsaw .1 13-28 August 1920: operationaldocumentsl, Vol. , (13-17August), ed. Marek Tarczyński,Andrzej Bańnik [et a|'], Warsaw 1995 5. Bitwa Warszawska 13-28Vlll 1920:dokumenty operacyjne [The Battle of Warsaw 13-28 August 1920: operationaldocumentsl, Vol. 2, (17-28August), ed. Marek Tarczyński,Andrzej Bańnik [et a|.]' Warsaw 1996 6. Bitwa Warszawska 1920 roku w obronieniepodległości [Battle of Warsaw 1920 in Defenseof lndependence/,ed. J. Odziemkowski,Warsaw 2006 7. Bitwa warszawskaT. 1, Bitwa nad Bugiem 27.07 - 07.08.1920[The Battle of Warsaw Vol. 1, The Battle of the River Bug 27.07 - 07.08.19201,Vol. 1, Military HistoricalOffice, Warsaw 1935 B. Bitwawarszawska T' 2, Bitwanad Wisłq07,08 - 12.08.1920[The Battle of.Warsaw Vol. 2, The Battteof the Vistuta07.08 - 12.08.19201,vol.l, MilitaryHistorical Ofiice, Warsaw1939 9' Bitwawarszawska T. 2, Bihuanad Wisłq07.08 - 12.08.1920[The Battle of Warsaw VoI.2, The Battleof the Vistula07.08 - 12.08.1920],Yo|.2,Mi|itary Historicał office, Warsaw1938 10' Bitwy decydujqce o losach Europy Srodkowej[Battles determiningthe fate of CentralEuropel, ed. JanuszGmitruk, Warsaw 2010 11. Brose E-D.,A Historyof Europein the TwentiethCentury, Oxford University Press, usA 2004 12. BrownA., The Rise and Fall of Communism,2009 13. Carrol E.M., Sovlei Communismand WesternOpinion 1919-1921 , Chapel Hill: Universityof NorthCalifornia Press, 1965. 14. Cat-MackiewiczS., Historyof ,11 November1918 - 17 September1939. [Preface:Jakub Perkal],London lg85 .l 5. cisek J', Cisek M'' BitwaWarszawska 1920: o Polskęi Europę[Battle of Warsaw 1920:of Polandand Europel,Warsaw 2012 ''16. D'Abernon E.V., The eighteenthdecisive battle of the world. Warsaw 1920, London:Hodder and Stoughton 1931 17. Das Wunderan der Weichsel:Polens schwarste Stunde: Nach Aufzeichnungen aus dem Kriegstagebucheines russischen GeneralstabsottiziersI lAlexander] [Bauermeister].- Oldenburg: G. StallingVerlagsbuchhandlung, [1937] 18. Davies N., WhiteEagle, Red Star:the Polish - Soviet War 1919-1920,London 2003 19.Davies N., Europe.A History,London 1997 20. DembickiR., ForeignPolicy of Polandfrom 1 91 9 to 1939,New York 1962 21. DennisA. L., TheForeign Policy of SovietRussla, New York 1924 22. DizierSaint G.-V.' L'aig|e b|anc contre |,ótoi|e rouge: guórre Po|ono.Bo|chóvique en 1920,Paris 1930 23. DrozdowskiM., Eychhorn-SzwankowskaH., WiechowskiJ., Zwycięstwo1920: Warszawa wobec agresji bolszewickiej[The Victoryof 1920. Warsaw against Soviet Aggressionl,Paris 1990 24. DziewanowskiM. K., Joseph Pilsudski:A European Federalist,1918-1922, Stanford1969 25. Fiddic T. C., Russla's Retreat from Poland 1920:from PermanentReu.olution to Peacefu!Coexistence, London: Macmillan 1990 : 26. FullerJ.F.C, TheBattle of Warsaw1920, Gryf Printers, 1980 27. FullerJ.F.C, DeclslveBaftles of the WesternWorld, London 1954 (reprint in 2001) 28. German GeneralStaff, Ihe Polish - SoyletRussran War 1918-1920,ed. by the GeneralStaff of the Army, Department of MilitaryScience, Ml Group,1955 29. Goodenough5., TacticalGenius in Battle,Ofiord 1979 30. Goryński M., How Bolshevismwas kept out of Europe:The VistulaBattle _ August 1920,Danziger Zeitungsverl. Gesellschaft, Danzig 1930 31. Grabski5., ThePolish - SovietFrontier, New York 1943 32. GroveW . R., War'sAftermath (Polish Relief in 7979),New York, 1940 33. Gue|ton F., Pasztor M., Bitwa warszawska w świetlekorespondencji geierała Weygandai marszałkaFocha, Studiaz dziejow RosjiiEuropy Srodkowo-Wschodniej [The Battle of Warsaw in the Light of Correspondenceof General Weygand and Marshal Foch. studies in the History of Russla and central and Eastern Europel, Warsaw1998, Vol.33, pp.63-76 34. Hal|erJ', Dernióre heure.Avant la grande bataille,Bulletin de t,ArmćeVolontaire Polonaise1920, No. 1, p. 9, Warsaw201 O 35. Jarausch K. H., A New Historyof Europe in the Twentiethcentury, princeton UniversityPress 2015 36. Keenan J., The Pole: The Heroic Life of Josef pilsudskl,London 2OO4 37. Komarnickir.,Rebifth of the PotishRepublic. A studyin the DiplomaticHistory of Europe1914 - 1920,London lg57 38. KorbefJ., Poland Between East and west: soviet and GermanDiplomacv Towaro Poland1919-1933, Princeton i963 39. KozaczukW., StraszakJ., How the PolesBroke the NaziCode, New york 2004 40. KukielM., Bitwa Warszawska[Battle of Warsaw],ed. KrzysztofFilipov, Zbigniew Wawer,Warsaw 2005 4l. Kukiel M., Dokumentydo historiiplanu operacjiwarszawskiei [Documents on the Histotyof the OperationPIan of Warsawl,Bellona, Warsaw 1925,Vol. 20, no. j, pp. 11 4-136 42' La manoeuevrelibóratrice du maróchal Pilsudskicontre les BotchÓviksao1t 1920: itude strategique,Camon. - Paris:Librairie Felix Alcan, 1929 43-L'offensive militaire de l'etoileRouge conteIa Potogne:La batailtepour v.arsovieet ; la manoeuvrelibćratrice l |Ch') KunIz,1922 44. MazowerM., Dark Continent:Europe's TwentiethCentury, London 2000 45. Musialik 2., General Weygandand the Battle of the Vistula 1920 fpretace.-piotr Wandyczl,London 1987 46. Nowik G', Zanim złamano Enigmę, Polski radiowywiad podczas wojny z bolszewickq Rosjq 1918-1920[Before Enigma Was Broken, Polish Radio tntetligence Duringthe War withBolshevik Russia 1918-19201, Vot. 1, Warsaw2004 47. Nowik G., Zanim złamano Enigmę. Polski radiowywiad podczas wojny z bolszewickq Rosjq 1918-1920[Before Enigma Was Broken. Polish Radio Intelligence Duringthe War withBolshevik Russia 1918-19201,Vo1.2, Warsaw 201O 48. Nowik G., Wojna światow1920: Bitwa WarszawskafitVar of the Worlds 1920: Battleof Warsaw],Poznań, Su|ejówek201 1 49. OdziemkowskiJ., BrTwaWarszawska 1920 roku [Battle of Warsaw1920],Warsaw 1990 50. PiątkowskiH., Krytycznyrozbior Bitwy Warszawskiej1920 fCritical Dissectionof theBattle of Warsaw19201, Bellona, London 1957, Vol. 1, January-March,pp. 3-36 51. Pilsudski J., L'annee 1920 Ed. complite avec Ie texte de l'ouvragede M ToukhatchevskiLa marche au-dela de ló Vistule et /es nofes critiques du Bureau HistoriqueMilitaire de Varsovie[Traduit du polonais par ch [ar|es]JÓze eI J [ózef]A [ndrzej]Teslar, Paris 1929 52. PilsudskiJ., Pisma zbiorowe[Collective Scripture], Warsaw 1991 53. PilsudskiJ., Year 1920and its climaxBattle of WarsawDuring the Polish-Soviet War 1919-1920 with the Addition of Tukhachevski'sMarch beyond the Vistula; [Preface:Sosnkowski K.], London - NewYork 1972 54. Pipes R., Russla Underthe Bolshevik Regime, New York 1994 55. Piskor T., Myślmanewru z nad Wiepna' Niepodległość[Manoeuvre from the River Wieprz.lndependencel, Vol. 3, London1951, pp. 129-137 56' Przechrz|a A', Bitwa Warszawska 1920 na tle działańsłuzb specjalnych:85. rocznica Cudu nad Wisłq [Baftle of Warsaw 1920 Against the Actions of the lntelligence Agencies: 85'' Anniversary of the Miracle on the Vistula), Biuletyn |nformacyjnyZarządu GłównegoSwiatowego Związku ŻołnierzyArmii Krajowej, Warsaw2005, No. 9110, pp.20-25 57. Przyby|skiA., La Pologne en luttepour ses frontiÓres1918-1920 fl-raduit du .lg29 po|onaispar Ch [ar|es]Józe et J [ózeflA [ndrzej]Tes|ar], Paris i 58. PutnaW., K Wislei obratno,Moscow 1927 59. RolickiJ., Tajemnicebitwy 1920 [Secrets of theBattle of 7920l,Warsaw 1988 60. seruga J', Udział radiostac| warszawskiej w bitwie o Warszawę w r. 1920 [Participationof the WarsawRadio Stationin the Battle of Warsawin 1920],Bellona, Warszawa,1925, Vol. 17, no. I, pp.43-53 .1945 61. ShotwellJ.T., Laserson M. M.,Poland and Russia1919 - 1949,New York 62. SikorskiL., La campagnepolono-russe de 1920[traduit par M. Larcher,Próf. Gón. de Fochl,Paris 1928 63. Sikorski W., Nad Wisłqi Wkrq:studium z polsko-rosyjskiejwojny 1920 roku [By

l0 the River Vistula and Wkra: A Study of Polish-Russian War of 19201,London - WarsawI991 64. Stry1ekJ., Warsaw1920: Battle of Radzymin,Wołomin and ossow,Warsaw 201.l 65' szaniawski J', MarszałekPiłsudski i Polacy w obronie Europy _ cud nad Wisł4 1920[Marshal Pilsudski and Poles in the Defenseof Europe - the Miracleon the River Vistulain 1920]|Pretace: Płoski T.], Warsaw 2007 66' Tarczyński M'' Cud nad Wisłq:Bitwa Warszawska1920 [The Miracleon the River Vistula:the Battleof Warsaw 19201,Warsaw 1990 67. Une documentationnouvelle sur la campagnepolono-russe de 1920:Le livre du -1929 GćnóralSikorski l[Louis] Faury. Nancy: Libr. Mi|itaire Berger Levrau|t, 68. Waligóra B.' Bitwa na przedmościuWarszawy w sierpniu 1920 [The Battle in the suburbs of Warsawin Aug ust 1920], Military Historical Off ice, Warsaw 1934 69. WaligÓra B., Le Combatde la tite de pont de Varsovieen ao}t 1920,Mi|itary HistoricalOffice, Warsaw I934 70. Wandycz P.5., GeneralWeygand and the Battleof Warsawof 1920,Journal of CentralEuropean Affairs, Vol. 1, Colorado1960 71. WyszczelskiL., Wojnapolsko-rosyjska 1919-1920 [The Polish-RussianWar of 19 19-1 9201, Warsaw 20 1 0 72. Zamoyski4., Thebattle for theMarchlands, Boulder: East EuropeanMonographs, 198l 73. Zamoyski4., Warsaw 1920:Lenin's Failed Conquestof Europe,Harper Press: London2008 74. Zarkowski P., Polska sztuka wojenna w okresie bitwy warszawskiej:Front Środkowy w działaniachmanewrowych w sierpniu 1920 roku [Polish Military Art During the Battle of Warsaw: The Middle Front in ManeuveringActivities in August 19201.Warsaw2001

3.6Names, qualifications and contactdetails of up to threeindependent people or organizations with expeń know|edgeabout the valuesand provenanceof the documentaryheritage Name Qualifications Contactdetails

1. ProfessorGrzegorz Divisionof Historicaland Social Nowik Sciencesof the Universityof Cardinal StefanWyszynski; Polish Academy of Sciences,Institute of PoliticalStudies, Warsaw:

11 phone:+48 693 343 538, e-mail:[email protected] 2. ProfessorJanusz Division of Historical and Social Odziemkowski Sciences of the Universityof Cardinal StefanWyszynski, Warsaw; phone:+48 510 056 688, e-mail:j [email protected] 3. ProfessorJochen BÓh|et Friedrich-SchillerUniversity, |mreKenósz Ko|leg'Am P|anetarium7, 07743 Jena; phone:+49 03641 94407 O, e-mail:[email protected] 4. ProfessorAndrzei Nowak PolishAcademy of Sciences,Institute of History,Warsaw; e-mail: andrzejnowak200T@02. pl 5. ProfessorJoanna PolishAcademy of Sciences,Institute of Gierowska-Kałłaur History, Warsaw; Faculty of Oriental Studies; ohone:+48 600996777 e-mail:[email protected] The refereesyou cite willbe asked for theiropinions. UNESCO may also contactother authoritativereferees so that a good spectrum of opinion is available for assessmeni p urposes.

4.1Owner of the documentaryheritage (name and contactdetails) Name Address CentralMilitary u|.Pontonierów 2A Archives, 00-910Warszawa Directorof the institution- ProfessorSławomir Cenckiewicz _ Telephone Facsimile Email +48261 813 144 +48 261 813 749 [email protected]

4.2Custodian of the documentaryheritage (name and contactdetails if differentfrom the owner) Name Address PontonierÓW2A Head of Depańmentof Storage u|. Resourceof CentralMilitary Archives 00-910Warszawa JacekWoyno

t2 Telephone Facsimile Email +48 261 813 921 +48261 813749 [email protected]

4.3 Legal status Providedetails of legaland administrative responsibility for the preservationof thedocumentary heritage

Propeńyof Po|ishState Treasury managed by the Centra|Military Archives.

4.4 Accessibility Describehow the item(s) / collection may be accessed Allaccess restrictions should be exolicitlv stated below:

Encouraging accessibiliĘ is a basic objective of MoW. Accordingly, digitizationfor access pu4oosesis encouragedand you shouldcomment on whetherthis has been done or is planned.You should also noteif thereare legal or culturalfactors that restrict access.

Files of Divlsion ll of Supreme Commandershipof the Polish Armed Forces (CAW, file no. 1.301.8.626-672) since the inventory book was made are available for researchers in the Reading Room of the Central MilitaryArchives. Files are provided for researchers on the basis of the Rules for Granting Access to Archival Materials. The conditionof the unique documents submittedfor nominationis good and they do not requiremaintenance. Most of the documentsare in the form of notebooksand loose files. The archival materialssubmitted for nominationhave been includedin the Central MilitaryArchives' digitizationplan for the years 201612017.

4.5 Copyrightstatus Describethe copyright status of the item(s) / collection

Wherecopyright status ls known,it shouldbe stated.However, the copyrightstatus of a documentor collectionhas no bearing on itssignificance and is not takeninto account in determiningwhether it meetsthe criteriafor inscription.

Publicdomain.

l3 5.1 Authenticity.

ls the documentaryheitage whatit appearsto be? Have identityand provenance been reliablyestablished?

The authenticityof the documentssubmitted for nominationraises no reservations. |t Was estab|ishedon the basis of eńerna|characteristics of documents,Such as drawingup on the originalprints of the Cipher Bureauof Divisionll of Supreme Commandershipof the PolishArmed Forcesand atfixingthe originalsignatures of officerswho read out and translatedthe coded messages and cipherte)ds.Some of the documentsbear the originalstamp of receiptat the CipherBureau of Divisionll of SupremeCommandership of the PolishArmed Forces. The documentsstate the dateof interceptionof the codedmessage and the dateof decryption.

5.2 World significance

ls the heritageunique and irreplaceable?Would its disappearanceconstitute and harmfulimpoverishment of the heritageof humaniĘ? Has it createdgreat impact over timeand/or within a particularcultural area of the world? Has it had great influence(positive or negative)on the course of history?

The nominatedheritage is uniqueas a new kind of historicalsource and as a documentationof majorimpońance to the historyof the Batt|eof Warsawł192o, recognizedas one of the decisiveevents in the historyof the 20tncentury. Witness of the Battle,the thenBritish ambassador in Polandlord Edgar D' Abernon,called it the eighteenthdecisive battle of the world.This termhas becomewidely known as a statementemphasizing the universalimpact of the eventto whichthe nominated documentsrelate on the courseof history. The term"Battle of Warsaw"includes a numberof militaryoperations conducted from late July untilfirst days of September1920 in the centerot Europe- on the north-easternand southernparts of the Republicof Poland.The mainfights of the Battle of Warsaw were conductedwith the West Front of the Red Army under the commandof MikhailTukhachevsky and included:battles under the RiverWkra and Vistulafrom lO to 23 August l92O;defensive tackle of the l"tArmy of the Polish Armed Forcescommanded by gen. FranciszekLatinik, on the outskirtsof Warsaw, from 13 to 17 August 1920;the decisiveattack - counteroffensivefrom the River

t4 Wieprz,which coversthe fightsfrom 16 to 28 August 1920,conducted by Polish units of Strike Group of the Middle Front,primarily with the Russian Mozyrska Group. The Batt|eof Warsaw WaS impońantfor the wor|dhistory. |n the event of dissolutionof the Austria-Hungary,the militaryweakening of France and Great Britainand the revoluiionin Germanyafter the lost war and creatingin 1919 in Moscowthe ThirdCommunist |nternationa| - a networkof communistpańies from 41 countries- the victoryof the Red Army in the Polish-Russianwar was to cause the combinationof the Russianrevolution and the German,resulting in the outbreak of worldrevolution. The Battleof Warsaw impededthat plan.At the same time it allowedto preserveindependence of statescreated on the ruinsof tsaristRussia as a resultof the FirstWorld War. This statuswas perpetuatedby the peacetreaty of Riga whichended the war.The treaty'sprovisions significantly contributed to socio- politicalorder o{ the worldtill the outbreakof WorldWar ll, beingone of the pillarsof Europeanorder. The treatylet the countriesof CentralEurope, created afier , buildstate, social and economicinstitutions, so thatthey could survivethe periodof the SecondWorld War andthe postwarperiod of communistenslavement. For strategicdecisions of Polish SupremeCommand information derived from acquiredand decodedmessages of the Red Armywas of crucia|impońance' They enabledto take riskydecisions about counteroffensive from the RiverWieprz, which decidedthe successof the PolishArmy. That Polish advantage over the numerically superior enemy was made possible thanks to the effective Polish military intelligence,especially radio intelligenceand work of people employedin this en0eavor. |n August 1920 the in the Depańment|| of the Division|| of SupremeCommandership of the PolishArmed Forces, which was a Polishagency of radio intelligence,employed a staff of beslclass cryptologistsand cryptographers.They wereboth officers and civilianscientists who weredeveloping linguisticand mathematicalmethods and effectivelybreaking the Russian code keys, providingthe Polish commandinformation directly from the Russianrstaffs. Experiencegained during the periodof Po|ish-RussianWar wasfuńher deve|oped, whichcontributed to breakingby Polishcryptologists the ciphersof "Enigma",

5.3 Comparativecriteria: Does the heritagemeet any of the followingtests? (lt must meetat leastone of them.) The nominatedheritage to the greatestextent meets the criteriaof time,place and peopre.

l5 1 Time

Is the documentevocative of its time (whichmay have been a timeof crisis,or significantsocial or culturalchange? Does it representa new discovery?Or is it the "firstof its kind"?

Collectionof documentssubmitted for nominationis an exceptionaltestimony to the developmentof technique,science and technologyin the earlytwenties of the 20th centuryas well as theiruse and historicalimpact. lt was an undoubtedsign of the timesin whichscience and techniquehave begunto playan imporlantrole in almost everyfield of life.The use of the mostmodern means of communication,which was then radiotelegraphy,combined with mathematicaland linguistic academic knowledge,was in thiscase the decisivefactor to achievevictory. By expandingthe experienceof the CentralPowers and the Allies,and, aboveall, by combining scientific knowledgewith practical skills, spectacularresults in decryptionhave been achieved. To givean example,on 12'nAugust'1920, i.e. only few hoursafter the introductionof the new ciphernamed "Revolution" used to keep the Red Army'scorrespondence in secret,the cipherwas broken(the ciphertext no. 35285;ref' no. |'301.8.639).|t shouldbe emphasizedthat the time Was eńreme|y impońant,as on 13thAugust 1920 a fundamenta|phase of the Battleof Warsaw started,that is Warsawdefense, fights on the RiverWkra and counteroffensivefrom the River Wieprz.As explainedin points5.2 and 5.3.2,the resultsoJ the Battleof Warsawwere of universalimpact on history.

2 Place Does the documentcontain crucial information about a localityimportant in world historyand culture?For example,was the locationitself an importantinfluenLE on the events or phenomenarepresented by the document?Does it descibe physical environments,cities or institutionsthat have since vanished?

InAugust of 1920Warsaw was the centerof world'sattention because of the battle takingplace on the outskins,which Was of paramountimpońance for the historyof thetwentieth century. Collectionof documentsin the file Divisionll of the SupremeCommandership of the Polish Armed Forces (CAW, ref. no. 1.301.8.626-672) contains essential operationalinformation from the front in the periodfrom July to the first days of Seotember1920. which enabledthe Polish commandto take action that would prevent Red Army's intentionto acquire Warsaw and extend the revolutionto WesternEurooe. The abovementioned intentions of Bolsheviksare directlyexpressed by the 'sDirective No. 1896dated 2nd July 1920,addressed to the Red Army:

t6 "[...]In the West, the fate of universalrevolution hangs in the balance,the Polish corpseleads the way to a worldwidefire ... Marchon Vilnius,Minsk, Warsaw." The motto"Dajosz Warszawu" has gainedimmense popularity among the soldiersof the Red Army. Awarenessof the dreadof situationwas distinctand ledto mobilizationof effortsof the wholesociety as wellas of supportof alliedcountries.

3 People

Does the culturalcontext of the document'screation reflect significant aspects of humanbehaviour' or of social,industrial, ańistic or politicaldevelopment? or does it capturefhe essence of greatmovements, transitions, advances or regression? Does it illustratethe livesof prominentindividuals in the above fields?

Nominateddocuments as Sovietcoded messagesread and translatedinto Polish constitutea unique reminderof the impońanceof the 20thcentury's co||aboration betweenthe differentdisciplines of scienceand applicationof scientificand technical solutionsin otherareas of life.Breaking the Sovietcodes and readingthe messages was possiblethanks to the harmoniouscooperation of ofiicersof the CipherBureau of IntelligenceOffice of Divisionll withprominent civilian scientists. Spiritusmovens of this enterprisewas an intelligenceofficer - lieutenantJan Kowalewski,a man of extraordinarymathematical abilities and immenseimagination as wellas linguisticskills. ln 1920he involvedin the teamof CipherBureau eminent scholars:mathematicians, logicians and linguists.They were, among others,the creatorsof the widelyknown at the time Polish school of mathematics:Professor StefanMazurkiewicz (mathematician, Professor of Universityof Warsaw),Professor WactawSierpiński (mathematician, Professor of Universityof Warsaw)and Professor StanisławLeśniewski (phi|osopher and |ogician,Professor of Universityof Lviv and Universityof Warsaw),as we||as otherscientists, among others: Professor JÓzef Ujejski(literary historian, who laterbecame a rectorof the Universityof Warsaw), ProfessorJan Łukasiewicz(mathematician, |ogician, phi|osopher, |ater b6came a rector of the ) and Professor Janusz Groszkowski (mathematicianof the WarsawUniversity of Technology,who laterbecame president of the PolishAcademy of Sciences). Duringthe l920 war, Polish cryptographersdeciphered more than 800 Russian cipheńextsand broke near|y20 encryptionkeys. That Was possib|ethanks to an innovative,creative use of mathematicaland logical formulas,combined with excellentknowledge of the Russianlanguage and militaryterminology. Thanksto gainedexperience, already in thetwenties of the 20thcentury employees of the CipherBureau predicted a turningpoint in the encryptionof messages,which was introducedby the Germancipher machine "Enigma". As the onlyteam worldwide they were preparedto break the code using mathematicaland linguisticmethod. Their knowledgewas a particularlyimportant Polish contributionto the international cooperationin the fieldof decryptionand the decryptionof "Enigma"having been of

l1 crucialimportance for successful anti-Nazi coalition in the Second World War. Today we knowthat this success was preceded by overa decadeof earlieractivity of Polish cryptographicservices.

4 Subjectand theme Does the subjectmatter of the documentrepresent particular historical or intellectual developmentsin the natural,social and human sciences?Or in politics,ideology, sportor the ańs?

For the reasons given above (in point 5.3.1-3)in terms of subjectthe nominated documentsalso representan importantvalue as an exampleof interdisciplinary scientificcooperation, which in the early 20Incentury began to gain in importance whichcontinues to this day, contributingto the developmentof science,technology and societies.

5 Form and style

Does the documenthave outstandingaesthetic, stylistic or linguisticvalue? Or is it a typicalexemplar of a type of presentation,custom or medium?ls it an exampleof a disappearedor disappearingcarrier or format?

6 Social/spiritual/ community significance: Applicationof thiscriterion must reflectliving significance - does documentary heritagehave an emotionalhold on people who are alive today? ls it veneratedas' hotyorfor itsmysticat quatities, or reverencedfor its associationwith significąlt people and events? (Once those who have reveredthe documentaryheritage for its social/spiritual/ communitysignificance no longerdo so, or are no longerliving, lf /oses this specific significanceand may eventuallyacquire histoical significance.)

The memoryof the Battleof Warsaw is vividtoday. Since 1923till 1945the day .lSthof Augustwas the Feast of the PolishArmy. When the communistregime was overthrown,in accordancewith the act of PolishParllament on 30'nof July 1992,the date of the Feast of the PolishArmy was restoredand celebratedon 15'nof August, thatis on the dateof anniversaryof the Battleof Warsaw. Foreignpoliticians and observersexpected the defeatof the Polisharmy because

18 of the crushingnumerical superiority of the Red Army, so the much unexpected victorywas attributedeven to supernaturalintervention. Hence the Battleof Warsaw was calledthe "Miracleon the Vistula",the more so that 15thof Augustfalls in the Catholicchurch on the day of the Assumption.In terms of historicaldiscourse victory was the resultof canyingout a daringmilitary maneuver, use of innovativescientific methodsin the intelligenceservice, and the mobilizationof thewhole society. The Battleof Warsaw enjoyswide interestboth in Poland and in the world.In Poland not only scientificpublications are devotedto the Battle,but also poems, documentaries,feature films etc. The memoryof the Battle is cultivatedamong school and university students, scouts and reconstructiongroups, which commemorategreat historical events. Every year on thefields ol Radzymin(a suburb of Warsaw)reconstruction of fightsis organizedWith the pańicipationof actorsand reconstructiongroupsfrom Poland and othercountries. The war of 1920is of a greatinterest to historiansfrom different countries (see e.g. selectedliterature, point 3.5). Numerous references can be foundin monographsand syntheticpublications, dealing with politicalhistory of Europeafter World War l. In this contextthe importanceof radio intelligenceand decipheringenjoys growing interestin theforeign literature and otherforms of strugglein the ether.

6.1 Rarity Documents reportedto nomination,which are only a fragment of all the documentationof Polish-Russianwar of 1920,however an extremelyimportant one, are uniquein the worldand can be foundonly in the CentralMilitary Archives. Theiruniqueness lies in the factthat they are the testimonyto the application- for thefirst time in the history- of the newtechnique of breakingcodes. They providean invaluablehistorical source, documenting the firstsuch effectiveuse of new method of inte||igence'|tWas based on the simu|taneousinnovative use of techniquęas We|l as mathematicaland linguisticknowledge, what providedsuccess which radio inte||igenceof armiespańicipating in the FirstWorld War fai|edto reach.

6.2 Integrity It can be unequivocallystated that documentsof Cipher Bureauof Divisionll of SupremeCommandership of the PolishArmed Forces, which is a uniquecollection of Soviet ciphertextsdecoded by Polish cryptographersduring the 1920 war, maintainedintegrity within the collectionof the Battleof Warsaw,which was not impededby multiplechanges of placewhere the documentshave been preserved. Theirintegrity was notaffected by the war in 1939-1945and by thefurther period of the Polish People'sRepublic until 1989 when they were outsidethe CentralMilitary Archives.Taken over by the occupantof the pre-warMilitary Archives, where they

19 have been storedsince the twentiesof the 20'ncentury, they were taken to the WehrmachtArchive in Gdańsk.o|iwa.After the Second Wor|d War, these documents Weretransferred to the Archivesof th€ Ministryof |nterna|Affairs in Warsaw,form wherein 1989they returned to theCentral Military Archives. Until then they have not beenmade available to historians.

7.1Provide details of consultationabout this nominationwith the stakeholdersin its significanceand preservation.

Apań fromthe nominating institution itself, have other organizations or groupsbeen consulted in the processof preparingthe nomination - and, if so,did they support it or opposeit, or have usefulcomments to make? The fo||owinginstitutions suppońed the nomination: 1. PolishAcademy of Sciences,Institute of PoliticalStudies, Unit of EasternProblems Studies (Polska Akademia Nauk, lnstytut Studiow Politycznych, Zakład Analiz Problemow Wschodnich),Professor GrzegorzNowik;phone: +48 693 343 538, e-mail:grzegorznowik@egonet. nazwa. pl ; 2. NationalDefence University of Warsaw,Department of NationalSecurity (Akademia obrony Narodowej,Wydział Bezpieczeństwa Narodowego), Co|one| Ju|iusz Tym; phone:+48 696 432 678,e-mail: [email protected].

Detailthe nature and scope of threatsto thisdocumentary heritage. Attacha separatestatement if spaceinsufficient.

Be accurateand honest.lf your document(s)is at riskfor any reason,say so. UNESCO needs to know its true situation.

There is a risk managementplan.

20 9.1ls therea managementplan in existencefor this documentaryheritage?

YES X NO

If yes, attacha summaryof theplan. If no, pleaseattach fufther details about current storage andcustody of thematerials. Documentsare protectedon generalrules, stipulated in theAct of 14 July 1983(the Act on NationalArchive Stock and Archives;Journal of Laws2015, pos. 1446,ai.. 22.1 , afi.. 23).They are preservedin a modernstorehouse complying with the highestprotection standardsand are includedin the CentralMilitary Archives' digitization plan for the years 201612017.

Detai|any otherinformation that suppońs the inc|usionof this documentaryheritage on the InternationalMemory of the World Register.lf the nominationis successful,how will you use this to promotethe MoW Programme? Attach a separate statement if space insufficient.

2.1 rumźĄi Uń|!d Nłnonr AGREEMENT GRANTINGNON.EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS Ertllcational.S.bdllo ard CrJrhr3lolltnlrrUon ot!6ńbłnioo d.. lł'l0|! UnfuB !ą' |{d!.dioń ' |ó śtl6e .t |ećllfur. oĘ'rz'dón Reference:Nomination form of the International Memory da |.! NadoneBulidEś par. b EdUcEdóń' 16CioncbybCdtun of the World Register of ńe materials opla|tr€ał'$ of Polish radio intelligence from period oó}€AllH€rrl9l Hał4fi tlo ńe &'npo.Ź{ 06'&10ló|{'' rlrylli v rryr5Tlp5l of the Battle of Warsaw in August 1920

..j.jJ| P'| I.Ęi. ul^J|J rL.l|J łdlt #AEAH. #+ex(Łnn,

1. a) | the undersigned,copyrighlholder of the mediaobject(s) mentioned below:

Title(s) Video:

Audio:

I.301.8.632-01 I.301.8.639-03 1.301.8.644-04 1.30t.8.632-02 I.301.8.6,14-01 I.301.8.645-01 Photo: I.301.8.ó45-02 (Resolutionminimum 600 dpi) I.301.8.639-01 1.301.8.644-02 I.301.8.639-02 I.301.8.644-03 I.30i.8.646-01

hereunderreferred to as the 'Work(s)',hereby grant to UNESCO free of charge the non- exclusiveright to exploit,publish, reproduce, diffuse, communicate to the publicin any form and on any support,including digital, all or partof the mediaobject(s).

b) These rightsare grantedto UNESCO for the legalterm of copyrightthroughout the world.

c) The nameof the autho(s)will be citedwhenever his/her Work is used in any form.

I certifythat:

a) I am the sole copyrightholder of the Work and am the ownerof the rightsgranted by virtue of this agreementand other rights conferredto me by nationallegislation and pertinent internationalconventions on copyrightand thatI havefull rightsto enterinto this agreement.

b) The Work is in no way whatevera violationor an infringementof any existingcopyrightor licence,and containsnothing obscene, libellous or defamatory.

l\tailingaddress: Joie Springer,Knowledge Societies Division (C|/KSD), Communicalion and InformationSector, UNESCO, 1 ru€ Mio||is'75015 Paris' France' Te|ephone: +33 (0)1 45684497' e-mai|:L9pl!!g9l(fu!ęs!9qg