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THE-POLISH-TRACE-Ebook.Pdf
8 THE POLISH TRACE COMPOSED FROM COMMONLY AVAILABLE SOURCES BY LECH POLKOWSKI FOR IJCRS2017 FOREWORD It is a desire of many participants of conferences to learn as much as possible about the history and culture of he visited country and place and organizers try to satisfy this desire by providing excursions into attractive places and sites. IJCRS2017 also tries to take participants to historic sites of Warmia and Mazury and to show elements of local culture. As an innovation, we propose a booklet showing some achievements of Polish scientists and cryptographers, no doubt many of them are known universally, but some probably not. What bounds all personages described here is that they all suffered due to world wars, th efirst and the second. These wars ruined their homes, made them refugees and exiles, destroyed their archives and libraries, they lost many colleagues, friends and students but were lucky enough to save lives and in some cases to begin the career overseas. We begin with the person of Jan Czochralski, world famous metallurgist, discoverer of the technique of producing metal monocrystals `the Czochralski methode’ and inventor of duraluminum and the `bahnalloy’ who started his career and obtained its heights in Germany, later returned to Poland, became a professor at the Warsaw Polytechnical, played an important role in cultural life of Warsaw, lived in Warsaw through the second world war and the Warsaw Uprising of August-September 1944 and after the war was accused of cooperating ith occupying German forces and though judged innocent was literally erased from the public life and any information about him obliterated. -
The Imagination Game Storia E Fantasia in the Imitation Game
The Imagination Game storia e fantasia in The Imitation Game Cap. 2: Bletchley Park e Ultra Giovanni A. Cignoni – Progetto HMR 1/28 Bletchley Park e Ultra • Un’organizzazione poderosa • Bletchley Park • I luoghi, le strutture, le procedure • I meccanismi e gli appoggi • Il personale, le (tante) donne di BP • Ultra • Cos’era, come era nascosto • L’impatto sul conflitto, episodi e numeri Giovanni A. Cignoni – Progetto HMR 2/28 A lezione dai Polacchi • 1919, Biuro Szyfrów • Militari, Kowalewski, e matematici, Mazurkiewicz, Sierpiński, Leśniewski • Nel 1938 il 75% dei messaggi tedeschi intercettati era decifrato (Rejewski, Zygalski, Różycki) • Dopo il ’39 PC Bruno, Cadix, Boxmoor • In Inghilterra • Room40 (1914), GC&CS (1919), BP (1938) • Parigi (gennaio ’39), con Francesi e Polacchi • Pyry vicino Varsavia (luglio ’39) Giovanni A. Cignoni – Progetto HMR 3/28 Un posto strategico Bletchley Park - Gayhurst - Wavendon - Stanmore - Eastcote - Adstock Cambridge Banbury Letchworth Oxford London Giovanni A. Cignoni – Progetto HMR 4/28 Bletchley Park, 1942ca Giovanni A. Cignoni – Progetto HMR 5/28 Nel film, ci somiglia... Giovanni A. Cignoni – Progetto HMR 6/28 … ma non è Giovanni A. Cignoni – Progetto HMR 7/28 Il nume tutelare • 1941.10.21: Action this day! • In un momento di successo • Dopo una visita di Churchill • Le Bombe ci sono, mancano persone • Garanzie per i tecnici BTM • Personale per la catena • Intercettazione in grande • Risorse per una pesca industriale • Un po’ come “Echelon” Giovanni A. Cignoni – Progetto HMR 8/28 Il personale • Una grande industria • Da 9000 a 10000 persone, centinaia di macchine • Piuttosto stabile, circa 12000 nomi • Escluso l’indotto, fornitori e logistica • Reclutamento • Inizialmente diretto, da persona a persona • Poi attraverso controlli e selezioni metodiche • Soprattutto nell’ambito delle leve militari • Ma con un occhio anche ai civili Giovanni A. -
Polska Myśl Techniczna W Ii Wojnie Światowej
CENTRALNA BIBLIOTEKA WOJSKOWA IM. MARSZAŁKA JÓZEFA PIŁSUDSKIEGO POLSKA MYŚL TECHNICZNA W II WOJNIE ŚWIATOWEJ W 70. ROCZNICĘ ZAKOŃCZENIA DZIAŁAŃ WOJENNYCH W EUROPIE MATERIAŁY POKONFERENCYJNE poD REDAkcJą NAUkoWą DR. JANA TARCZYńSkiEGO WARSZAWA 2015 Konferencja naukowa Polska myśl techniczna w II wojnie światowej. W 70. rocznicę zakończenia działań wojennych w Europie Komitet naukowy: inż. Krzysztof Barbarski – Prezes Instytutu Polskiego i Muzeum im. gen. Sikorskiego w Londynie dr inż. Leszek Bogdan – Dyrektor Wojskowego Instytutu Techniki Inżynieryjnej im. profesora Józefa Kosackiego mgr inż. Piotr Dudek – Prezes Stowarzyszenia Techników Polskich w Wielkiej Brytanii gen. dyw. prof. dr hab. inż. Zygmunt Mierczyk – Rektor-Komendant Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej im. Jarosława Dąbrowskiego płk mgr inż. Marek Malawski – Szef Inspektoratu Implementacji Innowacyjnych Technologii Obronnych Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej mgr inż. Ewa Mańkiewicz-Cudny – Prezes Federacji Stowarzyszeń Naukowo-Technicznych – Naczelnej Organizacji Technicznej prof. dr hab. Bolesław Orłowski – Honorowy Członek – założyciel Polskiego Towarzystwa Historii Techniki – Instytut Historii Nauki Polskiej Akademii Nauk kmdr prof. dr hab. Tomasz Szubrycht – Rektor-Komendant Akademii Marynarki Wojennej im. Bohaterów Westerplatte dr Jan Tarczyński – Dyrektor Centralnej Biblioteki Wojskowej im. Marszałka Józefa Piłsudskiego prof. dr hab. Leszek Zasztowt – Dyrektor Instytutu Historii Nauki Polskiej Akademii Nauk dr Czesław Andrzej Żak – Dyrektor Centralnego Archiwum Wojskowego im. -
Geometry and Teaching
Andrew McFarland Joanna McFarland James T. Smith Editors Alfred Tarski Early Work in Poland – Geometry and Teaching This book is dedicated to Helen Marie Smith, in gratitude for her advice and support, and to Maria Anna McFarland, as she enters a world of new experiences. Andrew McFarland • Joanna McFarland James T. Smith Editors Alfred Tarski Early Work in Poland—Geometry and Teaching with a Bibliographic Supplement Foreword by Ivor Grattan-Guinness Editors Andrew McFarland Joanna McFarland Páock, Poland Páock, Poland James T. Smith Department of Mathematics San Francisco State University San Francisco, CA, USA ISBN 978-1-4939-1473-9 ISBN 978-1-4939-1474-6 (eB ook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-1474-6 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2014945118 Mathematics Subject Classification (2010): 01A60, 01A70, 01A75, 03A10, 03B05, 03E75, 06A99, 28-03, 28A75, 43A07, 51M04, 51M25, 97B50, 97D40, 97G99, 97M30 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. -
Leaders of Polish Mathematics Between the Two World Wars
COMMENTATIONES MATHEMATICAE Vol. 53, No. 2 (2013), 5-12 Roman Duda Leaders of Polish mathematics between the two world wars To Julian Musielak, one of the leaders of post-war Poznań mathematics Abstract. In the period 1918-1939 mathematics in Poland was led by a few people aiming at clearly defined but somewhat different goals. They were: S. Zaremba in Cracow, W. Sierpiński and S. Mazurkiewicz in Warsaw, and H. Steinhaus and S. Banach in Lvov. All were chairmen and editors of mathematical journals, and each promoted several students to continue their efforts. They were highly successful both locally and internationally. When Poland regained its independence in 1918, Polish mathematics exploded like a supernova: against a dark background there flared up, in the next two deca- des, the Polish Mathematical School. Although the School has not embraced all mathematics in the country, it soon attracted common attention for the whole. Ho- wever, after two decades of a vivid development the School ended suddenly also like a supernova and together with it there silenced, for the time being, the rest of Polish mathematics. The end came in 1939 when the state collapsed under German and Soviet blows from the West and from the East, and the two occupants cooperated to cut short Polish independent life. After 1945 the state and mathematics came to life again but it was a different state and a different mathematics. The aim of this paper is to recall great leaders of the short-lived interwar Polish mathematics. By a leader we mean here a man enjoying an international reputation (author of influential papers or monographs) and possessing a high position in the country (chairman of a department of mathematics in one of the universities), a man who had a number of students and promoted several of them to Ph.D. -
Code Breaking at Bletchley Park
Middle School Scholars’ CONTENTS Newsletter A Short History of Bletchley Park by Alex Lent Term 2020 Mapplebeck… p2-3 Alan Turing: A Profile by Sam Ramsey… Code Breaking at p4-6 Bletchley Park’s Role in World War II by Bletchley Park Harry Martin… p6-8 Review: Bletchley Park Museum by Joseph Conway… p9-10 The Women of Bletchley Park by Sammy Jarvis… p10-12 Bill Tutte: The Unsung Codebreaker by Archie Leishman… p12-14 A Very Short Introduction to Bletchley Park by Sam Corbett… p15-16 The Impact of Bletchley Park on Today’s World by Toby Pinnington… p17-18 Introduction A Beginner’s Guide to the Bombe by Luca “A gifted and distinguished boy, whose future Zurek… p19-21 career we shall watch with much interest.” This was the parting remark of Alan Turing’s Headmaster in his last school report. Little The German Equivalent of Bletchley could he have known what Turing would go on Park by Rupert Matthews… 21-22 to achieve alongside the other talented codebreakers of World War II at Bletchley Park. Covering Up Bletchley Park: Operation Our trip with the third year academic scholars Boniface by Philip Kimber… p23-25 this term explored the central role this site near Milton Keynes played in winning a war. 1 intercept stations. During the war, Bletchley A Short History of Bletchley Park Park had many cover names, which included by Alex Mapplebeck “B.P.”, “Station X” and the “Government Communications Headquarters”. The first mention of Bletchley Park in records is in the Domesday Book, where it is part of the Manor of Eaton. -
La Criptología Y La Victoria Aliada En La Segunda Guerra Mundial
La criptología y la victoria aliada en la Segunda Guerra Mundial Guillermo Morales-Luna nnn n n nn Durante la guerra las fuerzas armadas hitlerianas basaban sus comu- nicaciones secretas en la máquina cifradora Enigma. Este esquema fue quebrantado inicialmente por criptólogos polacos y, luego, en Inglaterra, el proyecto llamado Ultra quebrantó sus variaciones. Alan Turing fue el líder del grupo de criptólogos en Ultra y desarrolló pro- cedimientos para romper los cifrados alemanes. Su contribución al triunfo aliado ciertamente fue invaluable. Introducción lan Turing tuvo un papel muy importante durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Dirigió uno de los grupos de criptólogos encargados de rom- per los códigos secretos alemanes (Copeland, 2004; Leavitt, 2006). Los alemanes basaban sus comunicaciones secretas en la máquina Enigma, Ainventada a mediados de la década de 1920. Criptólogos polacos pudieron que- brantar las primeras versiones de Enigma, y sus trabajos sirvieron de base para los desarrollos criptológicos ingleses. Enigma y la criptología polaca Con el Tratado de Versalles se reconoce la restitución de Polonia. El gobierno de la República de Polonia establece un Biuro Szyfrów para interceptar las comu- nicaciones de la URSS y Alemania. Fue la primera vez que un centro criptológico incorporó a matemáticos: Stefan Mazurkiewicz, Wacław Sierpi´nski y Stanisław Le´sniewski, entre otros. En 1926 los polacos descubrieron que se estaba utilizando un procedimiento mecánico para cifrar las comunicaciones alemanas. Hugo A. Koch, holandés, y Arthur Scherbius, alemán, fueron los inventores de Enigma, alrededor de 1923, con el propósito de cifrar comunicaciones industriales y bancarias. La máquina no 40 ciencia • octubre-diciembre 2013 Alan Turing y la computación atrajo la atención de los medios comerciales y la fá- Enigma militar había sido cambiada respecto a las ver- brica establecida por Scherbius fue liquidada. -
Polish Mathematicians and Mathematics in World War I. Part I: Galicia (Austro-Hungarian Empire)
Science in Poland Stanisław Domoradzki ORCID 0000-0002-6511-0812 Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów (Rzeszów, Poland) [email protected] Małgorzata Stawiska ORCID 0000-0001-5704-7270 Mathematical Reviews (Ann Arbor, USA) [email protected] Polish mathematicians and mathematics in World War I. Part I: Galicia (Austro-Hungarian Empire) Abstract In this article we present diverse experiences of Polish math- ematicians (in a broad sense) who during World War I fought for freedom of their homeland or conducted their research and teaching in difficult wartime circumstances. We discuss not only individual fates, but also organizational efforts of many kinds (teaching at the academic level outside traditional institutions, Polish scientific societies, publishing activities) in order to illus- trate the formation of modern Polish mathematical community. PUBLICATION e-ISSN 2543-702X INFO ISSN 2451-3202 DIAMOND OPEN ACCESS CITATION Domoradzki, Stanisław; Stawiska, Małgorzata 2018: Polish mathematicians and mathematics in World War I. Part I: Galicia (Austro-Hungarian Empire. Studia Historiae Scientiarum 17, pp. 23–49. Available online: https://doi.org/10.4467/2543702XSHS.18.003.9323. ARCHIVE RECEIVED: 2.02.2018 LICENSE POLICY ACCEPTED: 22.10.2018 Green SHERPA / PUBLISHED ONLINE: 12.12.2018 RoMEO Colour WWW http://www.ejournals.eu/sj/index.php/SHS/; http://pau.krakow.pl/Studia-Historiae-Scientiarum/ Stanisław Domoradzki, Małgorzata Stawiska Polish mathematicians and mathematics in World War I ... In Part I we focus on mathematicians affiliated with the ex- isting Polish institutions of higher education: Universities in Lwów in Kraków and the Polytechnical School in Lwów, within the Austro-Hungarian empire. -
San Antonio Presentation
Joint Mathematics Meetings Special Session on Mathematics in Poland: Interbellum, World War II, and Immediate Post-War Developments San Antonio, Texas 12 January 2015 Mathematicians and the 1920 Polish Soviet War James T. Smith, Professor Emeritus San Francisco State University Presentation derived from our new book: Cast . Wacław Sierpiński ..............1882–1969 Stefan Mazurkiewicz ............1888–1945 Stanisław Leśniewski............1886–1939 Alfred Teitelbaum (Tarski) ........1901–1983 Maria Witkowska (Tarska) .........1902–1990 Events known to historians of Poland, but not to historians of mathematics. Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1619, at its maximum extent *———* Central Europe in 1914 *———* μ Eastern Front Line, 1916 Warsaw was relatively peaceful, until the armistice. *———* Central Europe in 1918 Poland’s Eastern Boundary in Dispute In Fall 1918 Alfred Teitelbaum entered the University of Warsaw . intending to concentrate in biology. But it closed for a year due to continuing strife with remaining German troops. For 1919/1920 Alfred re-enrolled, but in courses on mathematics and logic. Spring Semester Stefan Mazurkiewicz, calculus Wacław Sierpiński, number theory, measure theory Stanisław Leśniewski, foundations of math. Stefan Pieńkowski, physics New Poland, new University, new subject, new aspirations! [The portrait shown in San Antonio was incorrect.] Stefan Wacław Stanisław Mazurkiewicz Sierpiński Leśniewski • Polish mathematics was developing marvelously in 1920. • Mazurkiewicz and Sierpiński were invited to the 1920 IMC in Strasbourg. • But they declined. • What else were these 3 professors doing? *———* Central Europe in June 1920 Eastward Advance of the Polish Army Bolshevik freedom To Arms! Give you room This is what a village Give you freedom Hey! occupied by Bolsheviks Give you the land Whoever is a Pole looked like. -
MTAT.07.006 Research Seminar in Cryptography the Enigma Cipher Machine
MTAT.07.006 Research Seminar in Cryptography The Enigma Cipher Machine Kadri Hendla November 28, 2005 Abstract 3.1 The Rotors The aim of this survey is to give a brief overview on Rotors are the most important part of an Enigma Enigma cipher machine and its cryptanalysis before machine. A rotor is a disc about 10 cm in diameter and during the Second World War. The survey is and it’s usually made of hard rubber or bakelite. mostly based on the articles [1] and [7] on Enigma On one face are 26 brass pins forming a circle; on from Wikipedia. the other side are corresponding electrical contacts. Each pin represents a letter in the alphabet. Inside the rotor are 26 wires connecting the pins on one 1 Introduction side to the contacts on the other side; the wiring is different for each rotor. The rotor also has a finger Enigma is a portable cipher machine, famous for wheel for turning the rotor by hand and an alpha- the role it played in World War II. The breaking of bet ring, so the operator can see the rotor position. Enigma codes is considered to be one of the reasons In the earlier versions of Enigma the alphabet ring for the Allies victory. was fixed; the later versions allowed adjusting the alphabet ring relative to the core wiring. This po- sition of the ring is known as the ring settings. The 2 History of Enigma rotors are placed in the machine side by side, which causes the pins and contacts of the neighbouring In 1918 German engineer Arthur Scherbius applied rotors to form an electrical connection. -
ENIGMA Et Le Contre-Espionnage Français
Partie française, ce qu’il faut en savoir… Notre espion chez Hitler – Paul Paillole éd Robert Laffont -1985 Lettre adressée par Hans‐Thilo Schmidt Au 75, rue de l’Université à Paris Annexe discrète du Ministère de la Guerre (2) Adresse de l’Ambassade de France à Berlin ASCHE - ENIGMA et le contre-espionnage Français Les Services Spéciaux Polonais tentent de décrypter Les Services Spéciaux Français tentent de se procurer dés 1926 les premiers messages chiffrés mécaniquement avec le concours du SR et du CE les procédés de par l'armée Allemande cryptographie en usages dans l'Armée Allemande Le 1.7.1931 Hans Thilo Schmidt adresse de Prague une lettre au 2 éme Bureau 75, rue de l'Université à Paris Cette lettre sera le point de départ de sa "collaboration" Capitaine Lacape réception de la lettre Ambassade de France à Berlin Maurice Dejean Recruteur du SR Français Stallmann nom usuel: Rodolphe Lemoine Financement sur indications du SR pseudo:: " Rex " Hans Thilo Schmidt alias " Asche" code " H.E " né le 13 mai 1888 à Berlin - Cadre au service du Chiffre Allemand (dont le frère ainé est Lt colonel chef du Service des Transmissions Il sera en mesure de livrer au Services Français, les schémas, plans et codes de la machine Enigma, en service depuis le 1er juin 1930 Cdt G Bertrand Lt col G Langer Fournira à la Pologne toutes les informations nécessaires à la réalisation des machines Groupe Polonais du PC BRUNO ainsi que leurs réglages quotidiens Lt col Guido Langer (20.10.39) 2éme Bureau : Colonel Mayer PC BRUNO BS 4 Major Ciezki -W Michalowski Chiffres - Section "D " Pazkowski-A et S Palluth-Marian Cdt Gustave Bertrand Rejewski -R Zygaslki- Jerzy Rozycki Capitaine Louis - Bintz K Gaca-R Krayewski-L Fokczynski Section Russe: Gralinski- S Szachno Smolenski Marian Rejewski Firme A.V.A. -
%E Morse Magazine
1'£um6er 23 - f£aster 1992 ... %e Morse. Magazine.. - MORSUM MAGNIFICAT was [lTst published in Holland, in 1983, by the late Rinus Helkmons PAOBFN. Now published in Britain, it aims to provide international coverage of all aspects of Morse telegraphy, past present and future. MORSUM MAGNIFICAT is for all Morse enthusiasts, amateur or professional, active or retired. It brings together material which would otherwise be lost to posterity, providing an invaluable source of interest, reference and record relating to the traditions and practice of Morse. SUBSCRIPTIONS: For one year (four issues) United Kingdom: £8.50 per annwn, post-paid Europe, including Eire: £8.50 sterling Other countries: Surface mail- £9.00 sterling (or US $17.00 cash only) Ainnail- £11.00 sterling (or US $21.00 cash only) Cheques payable to 'G C Arnold Partners'. Payment by Access, Eurocard, Master card or Visa is also accepted; quote your card nwnber and expiry date. Please note that, owing to very high bank charges for currency exchange, we are unable to accept overseas cheques, drafts, money orders, etc., unless payable in sterling. Overseas cheques and drafts must be drawn on a London clearing bank. EDITORIAL AND SUBSCRIPTION OmCES: Morswn Magnificat. 9 Wetherby Close, Broadstone, Dorset BH18 8JB, England Telephone: Broadstone (0202) 658474; International +44 202658474 EDITOR Geoff Arnold G3GSR CONSULTANT EDITOR Tony Smith G4FAI, 1 Tash Place, London NIl IPA, England. Tel: 081-3684588 © G C Arnold Partners 1992 ISSN 0953-6426 Printed by Hertfordshire Display Company, Ware, Herts. ON OUR FRONT COVER A GNT Undulator in working condition. Photo by Dennis Goacher G3L1.Z Contents IRST OF ALL, AN APOLOOY to all of you 2 News F who were confused by the fact that they hadn't 6 Clandestine Radio - 2 had a ChrisbnaS issue of MM.