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Biograo~v (James) Harold ~ ilson (1 p ) 7/14/75 A
II (Leonard) James Callaghan (1 p ) 7/14/75 A
FILE LOCATION Marsh Files Bicentennial Subject File Exhibit "The World of Franklin and Jefferson" (l) Box 156
RESTRiCTION CODES (A) Closed by Executive Order 12356·governlng access to national security information. ( Bl Closed by statute or by the agency which originated the document. WHM 2119/RG CCI Closed in accordance with restrictions contained In the donor's dead of gift.
GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION GSA FORM 7122 (REV. 5 ..2) United Kingdom deportment of state * may l975
OFFICIAL NAME: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
GEOGRAPHY Northern Ireland lies off the northwest At the closest point England is only 22 coast of the European Continent, sepa miles from France. London is in the The United Kingdom of Great Brit rated from it by the English Channel, southeastern part of England. ain (England, Scotland, Wales) and the Strait of Dover, and the North Sea. England has generally rolling land. Its largest city is London with a population of about 7.27 million. PROFILE upper left comer, flies above merchant ships commanded by civilians; the blue above Scotland lies north of England. Its Geography those under Royal Navy command; the Lowlands, about 60 miles wide, divide white above warships. the farming region of the southern AREA: 93,026 sq. mi. (slighdy smaller Uplands from the granite Highlands of than Oregon). CAPITAL: London (pop. Economy the north. Edinburgh (449,000) is 7.27 million). OTHER CITIES: Man GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP): Scotland's capital; Glasgow is its chester, Liverpool, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Bel $151.9 billion (1973). ANNUAL GROWTH largest city (836,000) and one of the fast, Birmingham. RATE: 1% (3rd quarter 1974/3rd quarter 1973). PER CAPITA INCOME: $2,714 greatest industrial centers of the Unit People (1973). PER CAPITA GROWTH RATE: ed Kingdom. Wales borders England to 5.1% (73/72). the west and is almost entirely moun POPULATION: 55.9 million (1973 AGRICULTURE: Land 78.3%. Labor tainous; its largest city is Cardiff est.). ANNUAL GROWTH RATE: Negli 1.9%. Products - cereals, livestock, live (277 ,000 inhabitants). Northern Ire gible 1974-79 projection. DENSITY: 600 stock products. per sq. mi. ETHNIC GROUPS: Briton, West land occupies the northeast corner of INDUSTRY: Labor 34.6%. Products - Indian, Indian, Pakistani. RELIGIONS: Ireland across the North Channel from steel, heavy engineering and metal manufac Oturch of England, Catholic, Presbyterian. Scotland and is primarily an agricul turing, textiles, motor vehicles and aircraft, LANGUAGES: English, Welsh, Gaelic. LIT tural region. Its capital and largest electronics, chemicals. ERACY: 90%. LIFE EXPECTANCY: males city, Belfast, has an estimated popula NATURAL RESOURCES: Coal, oil, gas 68.7; females 75. (North Sea). tion of 354,000. TRADE: Exports - $28.9 billion Owing to prevailing southwesterly Government (1973): machinery, transport equipment, winds, the climate of the United King TYPE: Constitutional monarchy. CON chemicals, beverages. Imports - $38 billion dom is temperate and equable. Tem STITUTION: Unwritten (partly statutes, (1973): foodstuffs, petroleum, machinery, peratures range from a mean of about pardy common law and practice). crude materials. Partners - European Com 40°F in winter to about 60°F in BRANCHES: Executive - the Queen munities (EC) 33%, U.S. and Canada about summer. Average annual rainfall in the (Otief of State), Prime Minister (Head of 14%. United Kingdom is 35-40 inches, dis Government), Cabinet. Legislative - House OFFICIAL EXCHANGE RATE: Ap tributed relatively evenly throughout of Commons, House of Lords. Judicial - prox. 1 pound=US$2.40 (floating). the year, and fogs are frequent. Magistrates' Courts, County Courts, High MEMBERSHIP IN INTERNATIONAL Courts, Appellate Courts, House of Lords. ORGANIZATIONS: Charter member of PEOPLE POLITICAL PARTIES: Labor, Conserv U.N. and its principal agencies and perma ative, Liberal. SUFFRAGE: Universal over nent member of Security Council, North The U.K. population was estimated 18. POLITICAL SUBDIVISIONS: Munici Adantic Treaty Organization (NATO), at 55.9 million in 1973, about 3.4 palities, Counties, Parliamentary constituen Southeast Asian Treaty Organization million more than in 1961 and a cies. (SEATO), Central Treaty Organization sevenfold increase since 1700. Its pop (CENTO), International Monetary Fund FLAGS: The red, white, and blue British ulation is the third highest in Europe Union Jack combines crosses of the patron (IMF), International Bank for Reconstruc (after the U.S.S.R. and the Federal saints of England (Saint George), Scodand tion and Development (IBRD), Organization (Saint Andrew), and Ireland (Saint Patrick). for Economic Cooperation and Develop Republic of Germany), and its popula The red ensign, with Union Jack in the ment (OECD). tion density is one of the highest in 3 2
the world. Almost one-third of the and representative government, for ex involvement in European affairs was ample, gradually evolved after 1066. embarked on which endured for sev 12 total population resides in England's prosperous and fertile southeastern eral hundred years. By the end of the corner, with population declining in Union 14th century, foreign trade, originally ffl the more rugged areas to the north and In its earliest history, Wale_s was an based on wool exports to Europe, had UNITED KINGDOM . Shetland 60 independent kingdom which for centu emerged as a cornerstone of national ~Y 1411anda 60 west. The population of the United 0 50 , 0 . ries repeatedly thwarted invasion at policy. The foundations of sea pow I IQO 190 Miles Kingdom as a whole is predominantly I 0 so I 100 160 Kilometers urban and suburban. tempts from England. The English er-to protect Britain's trade and open The contemporary Briton is de conquest succeeded in 1282 under up new routes-were gradually laid. International boundary scended mainly from the varied racial Edward I, and the Statute of Rhudd Defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 firmly established Britain as a ® National capital stocks which settled there before the lan established English rule 2 years major sea power. Thereafter, its in Road end of the 11th century. As an island later. To appease the Welsh, Edward's lying close to the European Continent, son (later Edward II), who had been terests outside Europe grew steadily. Great Britain has been subject to many born in Wales, was made Prince of Attracted by the spice trade, Brit invasions and migrations, especially Wales in 1301. The tradition of be ish mercantile interests spread first to from Scandinavia and the Continent, stowing this title on the eldest son of the Far East. In search of an alternate including Roman occupation for sev the British Monarch remains today. An route to the Spice Islands, John Cabot eral centuries. Under the Normans, act of 1536 completed the political reached the American Continent in Scandinavian Vikings who had settled and administrative union between Eng 1498. Sir Walter Raleigh organized the in northern France,_ the pre-Celtic, land and Wales. first, short-lived British colony in Vir 57 57 ~berdeen Celtic, Roman, Anglo-Saxon, and Scotland was also an independent ginia in 1584, and permanent British Norse influences were blended into the kingdom which resisted English inva settlement followed. During the ensu Briton of today. While the Celtic sion attempts. England and Scotland ing two centuries, alternately in con languages still persist in Northern Ire united under one crown in 1603, when test and concord with its European neighbors, Britain extended its in ATLANTIC land, Wales, and Scotland to a small James VI of Scotland succeeded his degree, the predominant language has cousin Elizabeth I as James I of fluence abroad and consolidated its OCEAN long been English, a blend of Anglo England. In the ensuing I 00 years political development at home. The NORTH Saxon and Norman-French. strong religious and political differ territorial foundation of the 20th-century British Empire, with the SEA The high literacy rate in the United ences continued to divide the king Kingdom (90 percent) is attributable doms. Finally in 1707 England and principal exceptions of parts of Africa to the introduction of public primary Scotland agreed to union under the and India, had already been laid by the and secondary education in 1870 and name of Great Britain. It was at this time of the Boston Tea Party in 1773. 1900 respectively. In 1973 there were time that the Union Jack became the Great Britain's industrial revolu over 11 million students in attendance national flag. tion-developed with impressive force 54 at educational institutions, the great The Anglo-Norman invasion of Ire at the very time it lost the American majority of which are publicly fi land in 11 70 was the beginning of colonies- greatly strengthened its abil IRISH SEA nanced in whole or in part. centuries of strife. Successive English ity to oppose Napoleonic France. By The Church of England (Episcopal) kings sought to impose their will on the conclusion of the Napoleonic wars with 27 million baptized members is the Irish, whose cause was finally in 1815, the United Kingdom had no the established church, but religious defeated in 1602 after which Ireland peer in Europe, and its navy ruled the freedom is guaranteed to all. was subjected, with varying degrees of seas. The peace in Europe that fol success, to control and regulation by lowed allowed the British once again to focus their interests on more re HISTORY Britain. The legislative union of Great Britain and Ireland was completed on mote parts of the world, sometimes at the expense of European rivals. During The Roman invasion of 55 B.C. January I, 1801 , under the name of this period, the British Empire reached and subsequent incorporation into the the United Kingdom. However, armed its zenith. British colonies, skillfully Roman Empire stimulated the devel struggle for political independence managed, contributed to the United opment of Britain and brought it into continued sporadically into the 20th Kingdom's extraordinary economic an active relationship with the rest of century, The Anglo-Irish treaty of 51 growth and strengthened its voice in Europe. After the Romans' departure, 1921 established the Irish Free State world affairs. Paradoxically, the the country remained prey to other (see Background Notes on Ireland, United Kingdom became more impe invasions until the Norman conquest pub. 7974). The six northern and rial as it continued to strengthen and of l 066. Norman rule effectively as predominantly Protestant Irish coun broaden its democratic institutions. sured Britain's safety from further ties remained part of the United King Scilly,. invasion and stimulated the develop- dom. Twentieth Century la1e~; o FRANCE 0 { •.:-,.Gb~bo u rg (. ment. of institutions, both new and British Expansion By the time of Queen Victoria's Channa~ \ \ ~ le Havre"'- indigenous, which have since distin lslands o , ~ -.:.;:;:: _ / guished British life. A central adminis Begun initially in support of Wil death in 1901 , however, the tide had tration, the development of a separate liam the Conqueror's (c. 1028-1 087) turned. Other nations, including the 7 \ 0 but established church, common law, holdings in France, a policy of active United States and Germany, had bene- 517545 3-75 4 5 fited from their own industrial devel World War II sealed the fate of the policies are severely criticized. The result, the current Labor government between the Party and the trade union of the United Kingdom. The Com opment. The United Kingdom's com British Empire. Unable to maintain locus of legislative power is the has committed itself to devolving as movement - is the linch pin of its munist Party is numerically and polit parative economic advantage had control, the United Kingdom began 635-member House of Commons, yet unspecified powers to locally program. Superceding the statutory ically insignificant and holds no seats lessened, and the ambitions of its rivals the process of dismantling the Empire which has sole jurisdiction over fi elected assemblies. wage/price and industrial relations pol in Parliament. had grown. The First World War dras in 1947. Most of the viable colonial nance. The House of Lords, although Until March 1972 Northern Ireland icies of the previous Conservative gov tically depleted British resources and units have now been granted independ shorn of most of its powers, can still had its own Parliament and Prime ernment, its fundamental objective is a ECONOMY* consequently undermined its ability to ence in an orderly and generous man review, amend, or delay for a limited Minister, although the British Govern fuller measure of social justice in the maintain the dominant role of the ner. Southern Rhodesia, however, uni time any legislation except money ment retained ultimate responsibility. U.K. It commits the government to The United Kingdom remains one previous century. As the United King laterally declared itself independent in bills. Only a fraction of the some 900 As a result of civil strife over the past extend and improve social services, to of the world's leading industrial and dom's independent power base weak November 1965 in opposition to Brit members attend regularly, but the several years, however, the Northern insure a more equitable sharing of trading nations. Because of its eco ened, it began to move toward the ish attempts to foster a government House of Lords has greater leisure Ireland Parliament was suspended. The national wealth, to maintain full em nomic importance, the U.K. has had a close ties with the United States which representing blacks as well as whites. than does the House of Commons to shape of the new institutions which ployment, and to nationalize selected major impact on the development of are characteristic of current policy. In recent years, as its global com debate public issues-one of its more will replace it has not yet been de industrial sectors - all in an environ the international trading and monetary systems as they are known today. The British control over the Empire mitments have been reduced, the U.K. important functions. cided. Northern Ireland continues to ment of free collective bargaining. The United Kingdom has few natural re loosened during the interwar period. has sought to achieve a closer associa The judiciary is independent of the be represented by 12 members in the unions are pledged to restrain wage sources, and its soil is capable of Ireland, with the exception of Ulster, tion with Europe. Its 1973 entry into legislative and executive branches of U.K.'s House of Commons. demands to a level which maintains, yielding only about half of its total broke away from the United Kingdom the European Community was a major government, but it cannot review the but does not increase, their· share of Principal Government Officials the economic pie. Consequently, the food requirements; hence, it is one of in 1921. Nationalism became stronger political event and one which en constitutionality of legislation. the world's leading importers of pri in other parts of the Empire, particu gendered heated political debate. The The separate identity of each of Queen Elizabeth II success of Labor's program will be largely determined in the industrial mary products and an important ex larly in India and Egypt. In 1926 the government, under Prime Minister Har the Kingdom's constituent parts is Prime Minister - Harold Wilson Secretary of State for Foreign and porter of manufactured goods. The United Kingdom granted Australia, old Wilson, has renegotiated the taken into account. Welsh affairs, for relations crucible. Commonwealth Affairs - James The Conservative Party holds 276 pound sterling is still an important Canada, and New Zealand complete U.K.'s original terms of entry and will example, are administered at the na Callaghan of the 635 seats in the House of trading currency. autonomy within the Empire. As such, submit the question of continued tional level by a Cabinet Minister (the Chancellor of the Exchequer - Denis Commons. In the election of October Since World War II, the British they became charter members of the membership to referendum in the sum Secretary of State for Wales), with the Healey 1974, it polled only 35.8 percent of economy has grown substantially, al British Commonwealth of Nations, an mer of 1975. advice of a broadly representative Secretary of State for Defense - Roy informal but closely knit association Council for Wales. At the local level, the vote - its lowest share in over a though at an uneven rate. The United century. Partly in response to that Kingdom's gross domestic product destined to succeed the Empire. GOVERNMENT the Welsh-speaking minority in Wales Mason Throughout the interwar period, more are permitted their own schools. Scot Ambassador to the U.S. - Sir Peter poor showing, the Party elected a new (GDP) in 1973 was US $151.9 bil over, the British economy continued The unwritten British Constitution land continues, as before the union, to Ramsbotham leader, Mrs. Margaret Thatcher, in Feb lion, compared with $89.2 billion in Ambassador to the U.N. - Ivor ruary 1975. Regarded as being some to lose ground to competitors. is based partly on statute, partly on enjoy a different system of law (Rom 1962. common law, and partly on the "tradi an-Dutch), education, local govern Richard what to the right of her predecessor, Despite this expansion and the tional rights of Englishmen." Constitu ment, judiciary, and national church Edward Heath, she is the first woman accompanying rise in the British stand The U.K. maintains an Embassy in tional changes may come about for (the disestablished Presbyterian to lead a political party in Britain. ard of living (per capita GNP is cur the U.S. at 3100 Massachusetts Ave mally through new Acts of Parliament, Church of Scotland). In addition, most The Liberal Party won 18.3 per rently a little over $2,700 compared nue, NW., Washington, D.C. 20008. TRAVEL NOTES or informally through the acceptance domestic matters are handled by sepa cent of the popular vote in the Octo with $1,672 in 1962), the economy There are also Consulates General at of new traditions and usage, or by new rate government departments grouped ber 1974 election, but holds only 13 has not grown as rapidly as those of Qothing - Fall and winter clothing is Atlanta, Chicago, Los Angeles, St. judicial precedents. Although Parlia under the Secretary of State for Scot seats in the House of Commons. Out many other Western European coun needed about 9 months of the year, Louis, New York, San Francisco, and ment has the theoretical power to land, who is also a Cabinet member. of office for more than half a century, tries. Per capita GNP is less than half while spring and summer clothing is Philadelphia, and Consulates at Miami, useful the rest of the year. make or unmake any law, in practice Recently, popular opinion in Scot it offers itself as a moderate alternative that of the United States. Boston, and Minneapolis. the weight of 700 years of tradition land has strongly favored govern to the two larger parties but has not The United Kingdom has for the Health - Good medical facilities are available. Living conditions are generally restrains arbitrary actions. mental decentralization by devolution yet managed a decisive electoral break most part welcomed foreign direct excellent, and no significant health haz Executive government rests nomin of power to a local legislature. While POLITICAL CONDITIONS through. Its current leader is Jeremy investment, particularly from com ards exist. ally with the Monarch. In actual prac the roots of the devolution movement Thorpe. panies which promise to contribute to Minor parties won 26 seats in the the expansion of British exports, intro Telecommunication: - London and tice it is exercised by a committee of are found in Scotland's history as an The Labor Party returned to power nearly all U.K. localities are served by an Ministers (Cabinet) who traditionally independent nation, it also reflects following the February 1974 general October election. In addition to the 12 duce new techniques, or increase em automatic dial-through telephon~ sys are selected from among the members Scottish dissatisfaction with West elections, making it the largest party in Northern Ireland seats, which in recent ployment in areas of high unemploy tem. Cities in the U.S. and Western of the House of Commons and to a minster rule. More recently, this move Parliament but still 17 seats short of years have gone to local rather than ment. In 1973 more than l ,600 U.S. Europe can also be reached by direct lesser extent, the House of LNds. The ment has been fueled by anticipated an overall majority. After 7 months of national parties, nationalist groups in companies had subsidiaries in the U.K. dialing. Internal and international service Prime Minister is the leader of the North Sea oil revenues. Opinion polls minority government, Prime Minister Scotland and Wales accounted for the with a year-end book value of nearly is efficient. majority party in the Commons, and clearly indicate the vast majority of Harold Wilson called a general election remaining 14 seats. This upsurge is a $8 billion. The U.K. has received Tran1portation - Great Britain is a his government is dependent on its Scots wish only a greater voice in the in October 1974. Labor polled slightly reflection of growing nationalist senti about 10 percent of total U.S. foreign crossroads for international air and ship support. affairs of government, but a Scottish over 39 percent of the popular vote, ment in these historic nations of Brit ping routes and is also accessible by ain, especially in Scotland. The separa The Parliament of the United King nationalist movement favoring an inde winning 319 seats, which gave it a *The U.K. exchange rate has fluctuated highway and train from points through dom represents the entire country and pendent Scotland has been able to narrow 3-seat majority in the House of tist Scottish National Party (SNP) in recent years. From 1971 to mid-1972 the out Europe. can legislate for the whole or for any exploit popular discontent electorally. Commons. doubled its poll in both the February pound (-1.) ranged from $2.40 to $2.60, and Rail, air, and bus transportation in constituent part or combination of A linguistically based Welsh national The Labor government's program is and October elections, taking 30 per since the .floating of the pound in June the U.K. is very good and travel between movement has also demanded devolu directed at overcoming what it has cent of the total Scottish vote and 11 1972, it varied from a low of $2.32 back to all points is quick and easy. Rental cars parts. The life of a Parliament is fixed $2.40. These changes make exact compari tion of government powers in that called "the gravest economic crisis parliamentary seats in the latter. Many are available, and traffic moves on the by law at 5 years, although the Prime sons in terms of U.S. dollars difficult and left. Minister may dissolve it and call a ancient nation but lacks the popular Britain has faced since the war." The observers believe the SNP represents a imprecise. In this section, conversions have general election at any time if his appeal of its Scottish counterpart. As a Social Contract - a voluntary compact very real threat to the continued unity been made at the rate in effect at the time. 6 7 direct investment and, next to Canada, ,under public ownership-steel, rail Labor percent, the Social Contract remained comprehensive legislation covering work for relaxation of tensions be is the largest single recipient of such roads, coal mining, certain utilities, unchanged as the central feature of Health and Safety at Work enacted; tween East and West. Economic limita and a large part of civil aviation. In In mid-1973, the United Kingdom investment. government P.Olicy, though efforts to and proposals put forward for the tions have caused the U.K. to review 1973 the private sector accounted for had about 24.9 million workers, some Since 1945 the U.K. has been get the TUC to tighten the wage second stage of the Labor govern defense expenditures with resulting 60 percent of capital investment, 27 34 percent of the total population. plagued with recurring balance-of-pay guidelines continue. ment's program of legislation on indus reductions in forces outside the NATO percent came from central and local Approximately 46 percent (around ments problems. The inability of the The Industrial Relations Act 1971 trial relations, an Employment Protec area. The U.K. has been especially government, and 15 percent was pro 11.5 million) of the labor force belong country to earn sufficient foreign ex which was bitterly opposed by th~ tion Bill, and legislation against sex anxious to achieve progress on arms vided by public corporations. The to the country's 495 unions. More change to cover its import needs and trade unions, was replaced in July discrimination in all walks of life. control and disarmament and conse share of manufacturing industry in than 76 percent of all trade unionists foreign economic and military expen 1974 by the Trade Union and Labor quently has taken a leading role in the total capital expenditure was 19 per are in the 24 largest unions while more Foreign Assistance ditures forced several devaluations of Relations Act. This is a return to the Conference of the Committee on Dis cent in 1973. Private British industry than half are in the 9 unions with a the pound sterling. In June 1972 the position which existed before 1971 The United Kingdom's aid program armament at Geneva. It has adhered to is characterized by a large number of membership of over 250,000. Nearly U.K. Government decided to let the restoring to workers the rights and to developing countries includes loans the Nuclear Nonproliferation and comparatively small firms, but there is 10 million workers are members of the pound float. The rate subsequently fell protections they had traditionally en and grants, technical assistance, budg Limited Test Ban Treaties. a growing trend toward larger indus 126 organizations affiliated with the back to $2.40 and in January 1975 joyed since the beginning of the cen etary support, and contributions to It has strongly supported the trial units. Trades Union Congress (TUC), a fede stood at about $2.43. There are many tury. A new independent Advisory international agencies which provide United States in negotiating strategic The rate of economic expansion is ration of constituent unions which factors which have contributed to Conciliation and Arbitration Service financial aid and technical assistance. arms limitations with the Soviets and uneven between areas within the U.K., celebrated its centenary in 1968. U.K. post World War II balance-of-pay (ACAS) was also established; new Although the British aid program is participates with other Allies in the and the government has taken impor The general unemployment rate in ments problems. Some of these factors global in character, approximately 90 current negotiations on mutual and tant measures aimed at promoting Britain as a whole in the last 25 years have been: percent goes to Commonwealth coun balanced force reductions in Europe. has been among the lowest in the READING LIST more balanced economic development. tries. The major recipients in recent The U.K. entered the European world, usually between 1 and 2 per ( l) The decline in the U.K.'s share Large parts of the U.K. have been years have been the Commonwealth Communities on January 1, 1973. Its designated as development areas; in l:ent of the working population. In These titles are provided as a general of exports of manufactures among indication of the material available on countries of Africa and South Asia membership has been the subject of vestment grants and a wide range of 1966, however, it rose markedly to the leading free world industrial this country. The Department of State particularly India, Nigeria, Kenya, and prolonged domestic controversy, how about 2.2 percent, and has steadily countries (from 18.2% in 1958 to financial and other inducements are does not endorse the specific views in Malawi. Malaysia, Pakistan, the South ever, and the Labor government has available to businesses deciding to lo increased since it was 2. 7 percent in unofficial publications as representing Arabian Federation, and the West In 8.1%in 1973); the position of the U.S. Government. promised to put the question of re (2) The loss of British overseas cate or expand their operations in January 1974. It has been consistently dies also received sizable amounts of maining in or withdrawing to a popu these areas. higher in those parts of the country U.K. aid. investment during World War II and Brittan, Samuel. Steering the Econ lar referendum in June 1975. The The United Kingdom issued its first which have the greatest dependence on Total net official and private flows British industry's efforts to expand omy - The Role of the Treas results of that referendum will inevita licenses for the exploration of oil and shipbuilding, coal mining, and certain in 1973 were $4,058 million. The U.K. its foreign investments; and ury. London: Seeker and War bly have major consequences for the gas resources under the western half of branches of the heavy engineering and has pledged to do its best to maintain (3) The-high cost of fulfilling over burg, 1969. future orientation of Britain's foreign the North Sea in 1964. Since then, metal manufacturing industries (nota overall United Nations Conference on seas defense and aid commitments Calleo, David P. Britain's Future. relations. discoveries of gas and oil have clearly bly parts of Scotland, Wales, northeast Trade and Development (UNCTAD) of a major world power (although New York: Horizon Press, 1969. established the North Sea as a major England, and Merseyside). target of 1 percent of GNP for net The Commonwealth of Nations* these costs have been declining over Caves, Richard E., and others. Brit source of energy for Britain and the Early in 1974 the British industrial flows of financial resources to develop Almost all of the former British recent years). ain's Economic Prospects. Wash Continent. By the 1980's, North Sea relations scene was transformed with ing countries, but the percentage de colonies have become independent ington, D.C.: Broo)dngs Institu Prospects for 1975 appear to indi oil and gas may be providing 65 the election of a Labor government clined to 0.61 in 1973. members of the Commonwealth, a tion, 1968. cate only modest improvement in the percent of Britain's energy require after almost 4 years of Conservative The British aid program is adminis tribute to its latter-day enlightenment Department of State. Common trade balance, corning primarily from ments. Of the remainder, depending rule. This change was emphasized by tered by the Overseas Development as a colonizer. While increasingly wealth of Nations. Rub. 8398. increases in export prices relative to on investment decisions made in the the repeal of the Conservative govern Administration (DA), a self-contained weakened by economic and political Washington, D.C.: lT.S'. Govern import prices with little change in the 1970's, 10 percent of Britain's require ment's highly controversial industrial wing of the Foreign and Common nationalism and most recently by ment Printing Office, 1968. ments may be met by nuclear power, and economic legislation - the Indus wealth Office, headed by a Minister volume of either. Some private U.K. Department of State. "NATO and Southern Rhodesia's unilateral declara forecasts predict no change in the level while the rest of her requirements trial Relations Act 1971 and the Coun for Overseas Development. the Defense of Europe." No. 2 tion of independence (see Background of trade over the year as a whole with should be met by domestic resources ter-Inflation program - and the emer Notes on Southern Rhodesia, pub. in the ISsues in United States exchange rates coming under increased of coal. gence of the Social Contract between FOREIGN RELATIONS 8104), the Commonwealth offers the Foreign Policy series. Pub. 84 76. pressure unless the rate of domestic Government agencies primarily re the Labor government and the TUC as United Kingdom an important entree sponsible for economic policy are the the means to fight inflation and re Washington, D.C.: U.S. Govern The United Kingdom is one of our inflation is reduced. ment Printing Office, 1969. closest allies. We consult and coordi and a voice in many developing coun Treasury and the Departments of form the social and industrial scene. tries. Moreover, it helps to preserve in Hugo, Grant. Britain in Tomo"ow 's nate our policies across a broad range Agriculture and Industry Trade, Industry, Environment, and The essence of the Social Contract those countries many British institu World. London: Chatto & of matters of mutual interest. The Employment. The National Economic is that in return for government action tions, such as parliamentary democra- Agriculture is highly mechanized Development Organization and anum on measures of social and economic Windus, 1969. U.K. has few military commitments and one of the largest and most ber of subsidiary economic develop equity the trade unions will operate a McKenzie, R. T. British Political outside Europe but retains substantial important sectors of economic activi ment committees in the major indus voluntary restraint on incomes. This Parties. New York: Praeger, economic and political interests in all *Members are: United Kingdom, Aus tralia, Bangladesh, Barbados, Botswana, ty. The government is seeking to in trial sectors serve as a link between restraint comprises a set of guidelines 1964. parts of the world. It is a charter member of the United Nations (with a Canada, Cyprus, Fiji, The Gambia, Ghana, crease farm size, which averages about industry and government in encourag issued by the TUC to all affiliates, the Pfaltzgraff, Robert 'L., Jr. Britain Guyana, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Lesotho, 70 acres, by merging farms and easing ing more efficient use of labor. The main point being that wage increases Faces Europe. Philadelphia: Uni permanent seat on the Security Coun Malawi, Malaysia, Malta, Mauritius, New small, uneconomic producers out of Confederation of British Industry should merely keep pace with the versity of Pennsylvania Press, cil) and belongs to most of its special Zealand, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Singapore, agriculture. (CBI) is the central body representing increase in the cost of living. At the 1969. ized agencies. Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Tanzania, Tonga, The United Kingdom is an impor Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, Western Sa British industry is a mixture of British industry. It serves as an impor end of 1974, despite a record rate of Sampson, Anthony. The New Anat tant member of NATO providing mili moa, and Zambia. Nauru and the Associated public and privately owned firms. Sev tant channel between government and increase in wage rates of almost 30 omy of Britain. New York: Stein States of the eastern Caribbean are asso eral important British industries are industry. percent and in prices of almost 20 and Day, 1972. tary forces on the Central European ciated with the Commonwealth but are not front. At the same time it desires to full members in every respect. 8
cy. The U.K. maintains a military opposition to the threat of forceful Minister for Economic and Com presence in Southeast Asia as part of a Soviet expansion. mercial Affairs - William K. Miller joint Commonwealth force. The United Kingdom and the Unit Counselor for Political Affairs - Alan ed States continually consult on for James U.S.-U.K. RELATIONS eign policy issues and problems rang Counselor for Consular Affairs - John ing all over the globe. It supports the R. Diggins The United Kingdom places pri major foreign and security policy ob Counselor for Administrative Affairs - mary emphasis in its foreign policy on jectives of the United States and re Michael Conlin the maintenance of a close relationship mains one of the United States' most Counselor for Public Affairs - Michael with the United States. U.S.-U.K. co valued allies. Pis tor operation reflects the common lan The United Kingdom has co Counselor for Commercial Affairs - guage, ideals, and democratic practices operated with the United States in Borrie I. Hyman of the two countries, as well as the attempt- to accelerate the growth of Defense Attache Rear Admiral historical circumstances which have develop 'lg :ountries through national James C. Longino, Jr., USN given the United Kingdom and the and intetn~,tional channels. United States similar interests and The U.S. Embassy in the United objectives. The relationship was Principal U.S. Officials Kingdom is located at 24/31 Gros strengthened by the U.K.'s alliance venor Square, London, WI. There are with the U.S. during both World Wars Ambassador - Elliott L. Richardson also Consulates General at Belfast, and the Korean conflict. After World Minister (Deputy Chief of Mission) - Northern Ireland; Edinburgh, Scot War II it took on renewed meaning in Ronald I. Spiers land; and Liverpool, England.
DEPARTMENT OF STATE PUBLICATION 8099 Revised May 197 5 Office of Media Services Bureau of Public Affairs
* U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1975 0- 584-084 (2173)
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This form marks the file location of item number--~~----~~----- listed on the pink Withdrawal Sheet found at the front of this folder. THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
July 22, 1975
MEMORANDUM FOR: JACK MARSH
FROM: RUSS ROURKE~
Two vacation suggestions (for you and Glenn Ann) from Robin West.
1. They are looking for a Cabinet- rank individual to attend Independence Day ceremonies in New Guinea September 16. While that might be a laugher, the individual so designated by the President can plan stop-overs in Hawaii, New Zealand and Australia.
2. Cabinet-rank type is needed to represent the PresTcfe.h~ at the opening of Jefferson-Jackson celebration in ' London (September 6). '
/\ Robin is giving you first crack before running it by other candi dates.
Please advise.
~' "-..... , IWl:.i ., ljf~
U~iiED STATES I;..;FOl\\1.-\TIO~< AG~:"CY WAS!! i:-\CTO:-\ :_::,_;~ 7
OHIC~ C>F THE i:>!:,::::--:.;c
August 6, 1975
EYES ONLY
Dear Jack:
Following up on our telephone conversation today, I wanted to provide information relevant to "The ·w-orld of Franklin and·, Jefferson. 11 As you know, this exhibit is the centerpiece of the Bicentennial observance overseas. It was co::::tceived, executed and funded through the joint efforts of USIA, l~.... "Q.BA and IBM and has been e:A"tremely well received in Paris and Vfarsaw.
~· The United Kingdom showing opens to the public at the British Museum September 17, and continues through ~ovember 15. Prior to the public opening there will be two invitational previews -- on September 15, the Grand Opening {which the Prime lv1inister may attend), and on September 17 a special invitational showing for friends of the British Museum and leaders of the c1.:tltura1 and intellectl.l.al community. Additionally, the Foreign Secretary, Jarnes Callaghan, "vill host a reception for 200 invited guests at Trinity House on September 17. Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip will visit the exhibition on October 29. A tentative list of events being planned in connection with the eY-hibition is enclosed.
I think this gives you some idea of the great bterest and ' enthusiasm in the exhibition (and indeed i..'1. the whole Bicentennial celebration) being shown by the highest levels of the British Govern ment and cultural world. It was on this point that I called you today.
The Honorable John Marsh Counselor to the President The White House ..
- 2 -
If you need any further information or if we can be of help in anyway, please do not hesitate to contact me;-
With all good wishes.
Sincerely..
. ~Qn...... _!t /~ Eugene P. Kopp Acting Director . .
"THE \fORLD OF FRANKLIN AND J ,.·~·:: Z?.SOll" EXHIBITION
LONDON SHO\-'!ING: OPENTI{G DAY FtCCTIO::s & ASSOCIATED Ei!ErTTS
THU SEP 11 10:30 am Press previe~T at 3::-i-::;ish l1useum. FRI SEP 12 2:00 pm Visual media to photograph exhibition and set up TV equipnent for opening night coverage.
MON SEP 6:00-8:30 Grand opening of e~~~ibition £or invited guests. 9:00 pm Dinner at kmbassador's.residence TUE SEP 16 2:00-6:00 pm ·Special invitatio~al preview of eL~ibition for representati~es of professional and cul tural "tvorld and f.ri..ends o£ the Bri tis~ Huseu..rn..
\•IED SEP 17 10:00 am Exhibition opens to public
viED SEP 17 6:00-7:30 pm Reception hosted by :?oreign Secretary at Trinity House
Tfill SEP 25 Lecture by Professor J. Plumb Embassy ~~eater
"IED OCT 1 Lecture by Dr. Brvoz Hindle Em.bass;r Thea: \VED OCT 29 9:00 pm Visit by Queen E1iz~beth II \,JED 1.\rOV 5 Lecture in Embassy theater by Bernard Bai1yn. NON NOV 10 Reception for Ben.j~in Frru'1klin Fello"t·JS _, Ambassador's resl~en~e.
I TUE NOV 11 • < • 7:30 pm · Private ·vieH and. re~ep-slon for Benja.~in 11 --.--::::: • •Fra .nkll'.. n Fe-'- .... ~ ,·;~, TJ:J',:~---- of Edl' nburrz'n"-' _ .,....!:'J...... c~sl· dl. ~,.,.... 16 • HED nov 12 "6: 00 pm:• Inaugural Benjs.:.--::in Franl'::lin lecture at Royal Society of Arts. Dinner for Franklin Fello1.-;S.
SAT NOV 15 Exhibition closes. ..-· . uNITE o STATE 5 It: ~-c;:: :.· .:.,·;; ~ :c' t.G £ r~c~;iC.:.-.:.::~~;.. :·:_ . ··:' \"il
.-~
;• , . .. July 3~, lr:f75 ;. ... J,--·------1 ROBI~ "WEST 1,.1 T-:MORA.NDUM FOR: _ -v! _if.?l,: I ·(__- _ FRO:N:: JA:L·,~ES KEOGH ~)I\ Si.jBJEGT: L·::!clo!!. Opening of "The \Vorld o! F:car!klin and Jefferson11 Exhibit
The Franklin and Jefferson EX:b.ibit will open at the E·ri.ti~;h Ivlusenm in London in September e>.nd. y,-ill run throl.-..gh ND•;(;n1Tjer 15. ___:_.----·----··········------··------.--· -- _The grand. opening Yiill tak~ pla-ce at 6 p_ln. on Monday,
S·~~)f;cmbcr 151 foll<.n;c:ed by a recep'~lO::l c.nd C:i21ner for 50 guests at ti.1c Ar:-tba8sac1orls residence. There is a strong possibility that the Prime M~·~nister will attend.
On Tuesda;;· t September 16, t'he British Museum is
. or:•;tcri~·;iv . ,~;·:v a sr)e<:i~11 invitational pl·e·::e-.<.: £or rep:<~esentatives of. <:h:! L"-·o!'"essi.on<:tl <.t.nd cultural v;o::-1:1. as well as fricn.:-ls of t,~; tl S C \ll Il .. l I I On Vf cdn~~~:d::.:/, Sel.::::~rnber 17, the Foreign Secrctaxy i I v;"i:ll hor;t <'- 1;cception f:)r 20i.l invite¢ g~~ests "~t Trinity House. ! ' "~.....___ f '\ ' .. 1\ tentative list of opening ·v:eek cve:;-:ts and related /~ Ii p:c·o g -~ :~ ~ntning is attached. ______..,. -~- ___ ... ~···- ·-·-·--·-·-·· ..... ····---··· ~....::_·------·------~-···
Since this is 2.n official Bice~tennial project~ the Am~;;rican ·-R,:!volution Biccntenni;tl Administrcd:ion is sending an official dr;>icgation to the open:.'1g. I underst.:'.::d that this delegation will umsi.st of representatives fr01n the }:!cet:.tcnnial Council of the D Ori~)nal States. They and their cntoarage v:ill nutnber about 4:.:.. ~;:.;~.:c~ this n1.akcs it their 'show, t~SL!\ ....-.·n:.1ld not norn1ally sc·::.d a \' {P rcpxcscntati.ve. Ho\\.·c\·cr, t..~ere is no reason \~hy ~ v:itl. the proper coo:cdination, we sho:lld not clo so. .. ..
-2-
Al-rangements in London are beiu;;; coordinated by USL.o\.. \v; ·~·king \vith the British l'A:uscun1. staff <--nd IB~.-1. 1 s public relations fi..,- :n. "' .;;., t~ ... - ••
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
August 9, 1975
MEMORANDUM TO: THE PRESIDENT
FROM: JACK MARSH
In London on Monday, September 15 at 6:00 p.m., there will be the opening of the Bicentennial exhibit, "The World of Franklin 11 and J efferson • This is the exhibit that had a major impact in Paris and Warsaw. There has already been tremendous British inter.est expressed.
The grand opening will be followed by a reception and dinner for 50 guests at the Ambassador's residence. There is a strong possibility that the Prime Minister will attend.
On Tuesday, September 16, the British Museum is organizing a special invitational preview for representatives of the professional and cultural world as well as friends of the-;Museum. •\-\ On Wednesday, Sept.ember 17, the Foreign Secretary will host a reception for 200 invited guests at Trinity House.
I have been advised that participation is expected from the Foreign Minister, and it is believed quite likely that the Prime Minister and some indications that the Queen may be involved. As you are aware, the Queen has demonstrated a great interest in the Bicentennial, which will be highlighted by her trip to America. This gives the B;ritish open ing added significance.
A tentative list of opening week events and related programming is attached.
Since this is an official Bicentennial function, it is planned to send a U. S. delegation to London numbering some 40 - 50 persons. It has been -2- suggested in the delegation there be included representatives from the Bicentennial Council of the 13 original colonies.
The question occurs as to who will head the delegation. Because of the expected high level of British participation, those working on the program are anxious to have a senior person head the group. The following names have been suggested: ------President ------Vice President ------Jack Marsh ------Governor Godwin (John Warner's suggestion)
Having just returned from Europe as well as other schedule demands cause problems for the President. My recommendation is that the Vice President be selected. I think this will have a favorable impact not only on the program in London, but also will highlight the event here at home. It will also demonstrate the importance the President attaches to the Bicentennial, particularly its international meaning.
cc: DR umsfeld BScowcroft TMarrs THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
August 9, 1975
MEMORANDUM TO: THE PRESIDENT
FROM: JACK MARSH
In London on Monday, September 15 at 6:00p.m., there will be the opening of the Bicentennial exhibit, "The World of Franklin and Jefferson". This is the exhibit that had a major impact in Paris and Warsaw. There has already been tremendous British inter.est expressed.
The grand opening will be followed by a reception and dinner for 50 guests, at the Ambassador's residence. There is a strong possibility that the Prime Minister will attend.
On Tuesday, September 16, the British Museum is organizing a special invitational preview for representatives of the professional and cultural world as well as friends of the..Museum• ;,.£, . ·\, On Wednesday, September 17, the Foreign Secretary will host a reception for 200 in~ted guests at Trinity House.
I have been advised ' that participation is expected from the Foreign Minister, and it is believed quite likely that the Prime Minister and some indications that the Queen may be involved. As you are aware, the Queen has demonstrated a g~eat interest in the Bicentennial, which will be highlighted by her trip to America. This gives the B;ritish open- ing added significance. ·
A tentative list of opening week events and related programming is attached.
Since this is an official Bicentennial function, it is planned to send a U. S. delegation to London nUll'l:bering some 40 - 50 persons. It has been . ;•: ~
-2- suggested in the delegation there be included representatives from the Bicentennial Council of the 13 original colonies.
The question occurs as to who will head the delegation. Because of the expected high level of British participation, those working on the program are anxious to have a senior person head the group. The following names have been suggested: ------President ------Vice President ------Jack Marsh ------Governor Godwin (John Warner's suggestion)
Having just returned from Europe as well as other schedule demands cause problems for the President. My recommendation is that the Vice President be selected. I think this will have a favorable impact not only on the program in London, but also will highlight the event here at home. It will also demonstrate the importance the President attaches to the Bicentennial, particularly its international meaning.
cc: DRumsfeld :
BScowcroft I TMarrs THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON August 11, 1975
MEMO TO: RUSS ROURKE
FROM: JACK MARSH f?t\(V
Russ, I have some background information on the London trip, which we should discuss. There's also some information that you can relay to Robin West on this involving the Vice President. ' MEMORANDUM
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON . 1/P~~ ( /J~ )
JOM:rs l/? ~t-" ,- '-:f-Ie (l!.·y--.£ '-~) THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
August 13, 1975
MEMORANDUM TO: JACK MARSH
FROM: RUSS ROURKE
SUBJECT: Discussion with Capt. Jonathan Howe, Assistant to the Vice President for National Security Affairs
I discussed the London trip again this morning with Captain Howe. He said that the Vice President "has some very real concerns about this trip, but if the President really wants him to go, he will go. 11 Apparently Rockefeller's schedule during the month of September is very heavy.
I went through all of the details I had concerning this trip with Howe.
Howe asked that you call him at your convenience this afternoon to discuss your impression of how much emphasis the President was placing on Rockefeller 1 s participation.
Note:
Mr. Marsh discussed above matter with Capt. Howe before this memo was finished. RS AUG 15 1975
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
August 14, 1975
ADMINISTRATIVELY CONFIDENTIAL
MEMORANDUM FOR: JACK MARSH
FROM: JIM CONNORJe.
SUBJECT: The World of Franklin and Jefferson
The President has reviewed your memorandum of August 9th concerning the opening of the Bicentennial exhibit, " The World of Franklin and Jefferson" and selected the Vice President as Head of the U.S. Delegation.
Please follow-up with appropr :iate action.
cc: Don Rumsfeld Brent Scowcroft Ted Marrs Doug Bennett
!d~·J. ~~ ~ cf£.~~-n ~ ~;~s-. r.J 1copy of USIA memo of 8/12/75 to John Marsh enclosing communication from A mer Embassy, London, concerning Prime Minister Wilson's plans to speak at opening ceremony
RAR:rs
(t'~ lf'' (Sent in mail in red tag envelope. ) 13 1975 . UNITED STATES AUG ·INFORI\1ATION AGENCY UHICE OF THE DIRECTOR
August 12, 1975
NOTE TO: Honorable John Marsh Counsellor to the President The White House
Jack:
We have just received the attached cable from London. You will note that the Prime Minister plans to attend and speak at the opening ceremonies on September 15.
All the best,
• .. I !'11·:!·~1NV .!!.l1.L \li:::,Lj
CJ; Rr~ HUEHIA RECEIVED 1 : .... D~c. RUDTC 2339 223 l 7109 a 10 ;...) Z rJR uuuuu ZZH ACTION res R 111737l AUG 75 " IITFO IZli H1 AftJEMBA SSY LONDON IOP/G d IOP/I TO USIA VIA SHDC 5378 DIS '13 BT
UNCLAS Lormor~ 12339
0 USIAC
Fffi: IEU - ANTUrJ'E:S CPAS S ARBA FOR BLUE/f-1ASEY); ICS/E
E.O. 11652: N/A , ~ SUBJECT: FRAN~I tJ/JEFFZRSOt~ EX:-IIBITION
.0 1. HJVITATIOtJS TO GRAND OPENING SCHEDL'LED 7.0Z P.t''1.,
0 SEPTEt·E£R L5. PRIMS ,tHNISTER \HLSOtl H.. A NS ARP. IiJE: [·iUSEUN • 7.15 P.t·l. AND SPEAK AT OPENING CEREi~OllY 7.30 P.1•1. 0
_.... ~....; 2. URGE NT POST EE P.PP2 I SED ASAP \:JHET HER 02 nor
PRES.IDE~ITIAL REPRESZiiTATIV~ DESIGNATED FAI?TICIPATE IN ·~;;. EXHIBITIOi-l OPEiJHiG. IF SO,
EQUIR~ NA~E, BICDATA, DATES
LO~JDON VISIT, Ai·8 TEXT .OF FfWPQSED AD:J::tESS. THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
\/\...... 1. r· ;..,..;...
'
\ ~;·jx---, V I • 13 1975 . UNITED STATES AUG ·INFORMATION AGENCY UHICE OF THE DIRECTOR
August 12, 1975
NOTE TO: Honorable John Marsh Counsellor to the President The White House
Jack:
We have just received the attached cable from London. You will note that the Prime Minister plans to attend and speak at the opening ceremonies on September 15.
All the best, !. 1 RUG I I C.. ~w " ' " - NNNtNV EHI@4
~r RH RUEHIA RECEIVED . ' I·' DC: R UDT C 23 3 9 223 1 i09 ' 10 :) Z NR UUUUU ZZH ACTION ICS ·. R 111737Z AUG 75 INFO IEU IOP/G FM A!~EMBASSY LONDON IOP/I DIS TO USIA HA SHDC 53 78 .• BI' • UNQA S LONDO!~ 123 39
• US!AC • FOO: IEU - ANTUNES CPASS ARBA FOR BLUE/r·~ASEY); ICS/E • E.O. 11652: N/A
• SUBJECT: FRAN ~I N/JEFFERSOiJ EXHIBIT ION
1. ItJVITATIOtJS TO GP.AND OPENING SCHEDL'LED 7.00 P.N.,
SEPTEt·1BER L5. PRIME: MINISTER \HLSON FLA NS ARP. IVE f'1USEUM • 7. 15 P. N • A ND SPEAK AT 0 PEN I NG CERE M0 NY 7. 3 0 P. t1 •
2. URGENT POST BE APP?.ISED ASAP \:JHETHER OR NOT
PRESIDEmiAL REPRESENTATIVC: DESIGNATED PAliTICIPATE IN
EXHIBIT IOi·J OPEtlii~G. IF' SO, EQUIRC: NN1E, BIODATA, DATES
LONDON V !SIT , AND TEXT . OF' PFWPQSED ADDRESS. UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY POSTAGE AND FEES 'PAID' OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR WASHINGTON 20547
OFFICIAL BUSINESS Eugene P. Kopp
Honorable John Marsh Counsellor to the President The White House Washington, D. C. 20500
Handcarry - By Messenger
45 , WHITE HOUSH MAIL ! RECEPTION & S I I AUG i l Processed by; j l THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
August 15, 1975
MR. MARSH:
Eugene Kopp called with the following: In addition- to the exhibit which then Vice President Nixon opened, I offer the following:
1) President Eisenhower personally opened the exhibit in New Delhi (Western Agricultural Exhibit- December 11, 1959).
2) The Izmir (Turkey) International Fair was visited by Vice President Johnson.
3) The International Fair at Thes saloniki, Greece, was visited by Vice President Johnson - September '62 ).
4) EXPO '67 in Montreal was visited by President Johnson - May 25, 1967 - along with a special Congressional delegation.
Connie
.xt'" ...... -:-, i'C~.. ·. ,,. t 0!: t·'~~- 0 ·:• ""-! :
~ ':,-: ·!.· • ~~ •, T '' ···:;~- . r~ u ~· ·: :.;,.: ~
~""
THE WHITE HOUSE :,." THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
August 15, 1975
RUSS:
Mr. Marsh wanted you to coordinate the London event - when is it being announced and who does the announcing.
He said also to coordinate with those people appearing on the attached list. You're to check with Bud McFarlane regarding the two people from the Embassy (Glover and Martin). He thought you might want to tell Mr. Glover the project is being pulled together, and that there should be an announcement shortly. There will be a very high level of American interest in the event.
Connie THE WHITE:
WA.SHINGTO
I I I ~ THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON August 9, 1975 MEMORANDUM TO: THE PRESIDENT FROM: JACK MARSH In London on Monday, September 15 at 6:00p.m., there will be the opening of the Bicentennial exhibit, "The World of Franklin and Jefferson". This is the exhibit that had a major impact in Paris and Warsaw. There has already been tremendous British interest expressed. The grand opening will be followed by a reception and dinner for 50 guests at the Ambassador's residence. There is a strong possibility that the Prime Minister will attend. On Tuesday, September 16, the British Museum is organizing a special invitational preview for representatives of the professional and cultural world as well as friends of thE:i:Museum. ·~, On Wednesday, September 17, the Foreign Secretary will host a reception for 200 in~ited guests at Trinity House. I have been advised that participation is expected from the Foreign Minister, and it is believed quite likely that the Prime Minister and some indications that the Queen may be involved. As you are aware, the Queen has demonstrated a great interest in the Bicentennial, which will be highlighted by her trip to America. This gives the British open ing added significance. A tentative list of opening week events and related programming is attached. Since this is an official Bicentennial function, it is planned to send a U. S. delegation to London numbering some 40 - 50 persons. It has been -2- suggested in the delegation there be included representatives from the Bicentennial Council of the 13 original colonies. The question occurs as to who will head the delegation. Because of the expected high level of British participation, those working on the program are anxious to have a senior person head the group. The following names have been suggested: ------President ------Vice President ------Jack Marsh ------Governor Godwin (John Warner's suggestion) Having just returned from Europe as well as other schedule demands cause problems for the President. My recommendation is that the Vice President be selected. I think this will have a favorable impact not only on the program in London, but also will highlight the event here at home. It will also demonstrate the importance the President attaches to the Bicentennial, particularly its international meaning. cc: DRumsfeld BScowcroft TMarrs ~,_., ...... ~·:;. <'. ( . \' AUG 7 1975 UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY WASHINGTON 20547 OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR August 6, 1975 EYES ONLY Dear Jack: Following up on our telephone conversation today, I wanted to provide information relevant to "The World of Franklin and Jefferson." As you know, this exhibit is the centerpiece of the Bicentennial observance overseas. It was conceived, executed and funded through the joint efforts of USIA, ARBA and IBM and has been extremely well received in Paris and Warsaw. The United Kingdom showing opens to the public at the British Museum September 17, and continues through November 15. Prior to the public opening there will be two invitational previews -- on September 15, the Grand Opening (which the Prime Minister may attend), and on September 17 a special invitational showing for friends of the British Museum and leaders of the cultural and intellectual community. Additionally, the Foreign Secretary, James Callaghan, will host a reception for 200 invited guests at Trinity House on September 17. Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip will visit the exhibition on October 29. A tentative list of events being planned in connection with the exhibition is enclosed. I think this gives you some idea of the great interest and enthusiasm in the exhibition (and indeed in the whole Bicentennial celebration) being shown by the highest levels of the British Govern ment and cultural world. It was on this point that I called you today. The Honorable John Marsh -A ..• ~· .'": /,' . •·. Counselor to the President The White House - 2 - If you need any further information or if we can be of help in anyway, please do not hesitate to contact me. With all good wishes. Sincerely, .A.--•.... ~ Eugene P. Kopp Acting Director "THE WORLD OF FRANKLIN AND JEFFERSON ti EXHIBITION LONDON SHOWING: OPENING DAY FUNCTIONS & ASSOCIATED EVENTS . THU SEP 11 10:30 am Press preview at British Museum FRI SEP 12 2:00 pm Visual media to photograph exhibition and set up TV equipment for opening night coverage. Grand opening of exhibition for invited guests. Dinner at Ambassador's residence TUE SEP 16 2:00-6:00 pm Special invitational preview of exhibition for representatives of professional and cul tural world and friends of the British Museum. WED SEP 17 10:00 am Exhibition opens to public WED SEP 17 6:00-7:30 pm Reception hosted by Foreign Secretary at Trinity House THU SEP 25 Lecture by Professor J. Plumb Embassy Theater WED OCT 1 Lecture by Dr. Brook Hindle Embassy Theater WED OCT 29 9:00 pm Visit by Queen Elizabeth II WED NOV 5 Lecture in Embassy theater by Bernard Bailyn. MON NOV 10 Reception for Benjamin Franklin Fellows, Ambassador's residence. TUE NOV 11 .' ~ . 7:30 pm : Private view and reception for Benjamin Yranklin Fellows; Duke of Edinburgh presiding. WED NOV 12 6:00 p:rrtt Inaugural Benjamin Franklin lecture at Royal Society of Arts. Dinner for Franklin Fellows. SAT NOV 15 Exhibition closes. '· '• ...... _ .... -' '?-?1 :t.J ' July 30, fcJ-rs ~ , J .J ·-·--·-·-----...... _.. __ 1-1 :·:MORANDUM FOR: ROBIN WEST I l •, /' I·J I~ --·---- .. !(' 1/_ \/// , >,.} •••• ,.. FROM: JAMES KEOGH .- ) ~ S~.JBjECT: L·mclon Opening of 11 The \Vorld of Franklin and Jefferson 11 Exhibit The Franklin and Jefferson Exhibit will open at the B:ri_tish 1v1useum in London in September and will run through Noven:ther 15 • ...... __:-----· ..•..... The grand opening will take place at 6 p.m. on Monday, S.::·;1tembcr 15, follo>.ved by a recepd.on and dinner for 50 guests 1 at the Ar:1bassador H residence. There is a strong possibility that the Prime M>inister will attend. On Tuesday~ September 16, the British Museum is . org On Vfednesd:•·i'• Sep:er:nber 17, the Foreign Secretary l i I \ tvi:ll host a 1;eception hr 200 invites guests at Trinity House. I \ "---· '\ ./ A tentative list of opening v-:eek events and related ( ! · pr_og ·:~n1~ is attached. ______../ ·-...... --~--~-- ~~=---'--"~ -~~_.-..... Since this is an official Bicentennial p1·ojcct, the American }~. .:!volution Bicentennial Administration is sending an official ddegation to the open~:1g. I underst2.nd that this delegation will cc,nsist of representatives fro1n the :L:icentennial Council of the U Ori;)nal States. They and their entourage will mu.nber about 4< ~)>\~:<~this makes it their show, USIA would not norn1.ally sc·;:d a V.[P representative. However, there is no reason "~hy, \vitl. the proper coo1..·dination, vte should not do so. -2- Arrangements in London are being coordinated by USIA w:·rking with the British Museum staff and IBM's public relations fi.,·m. American Revolution "Bicentennial Administration 2401 E Street, N.W . . Washington, D.C. 20276 July 31, 1975 MEMORANDUM FOR: JOHN 0. MARSH, JR. FROM: JOHN W. WARNER The dates for the opening of "The World of Franklin and Jefferson" exhibit in London have now been established as September 15 and 16, 1975. I recommend that the President designate Governor Mills Godwin of Virginia as the head of this delegation. The balance of the delegation will be composed of myself and one individual designated by the Governor of each of the 13 original colonies. John W. Warner Administrator August 7 THE WHITE HousE WASHINGTON Jack -- A reminder of your intention to initiate staffing memo re Delegation to London Opening of Franklin/ Jefferson exhibit. Russ August 6 THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON Rus·s Can Ted be included in this also? Jack THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON DATE: 8/1/75 FOR: RUSS ROURKE FROM: J. ROBINSON WEST SUBJECT: Franklin Jefferson Exhibit For your information. Per our conversation. Attachments .. . 11 TH"£ ~-IORLD OF FRANKLIN AND JEFFERSON It EXHIBITION :. L>:DO?! s;:e>::!ING: OPENING DAY FUNCTIONS & ASSOCIAT !~~) EVENTS s-::--::> r:;:3.u -'-' 11 l0:30 a....--:1 Press preview at British Huseurn "?::>T - -1.-L S3P 12 2:00 pm. Visual media td' photograph exhibit ion and s ~ t up TV equipment for opening night coverage. }:0?1 SEP 15 o:OO-o:30 pm Grand opening o£ eL~ibition for invited guests. Dinner at Ambassador' s·. residence 9:00 p~ .- Special invitational preview of.exhibition for representatives of professional and cul tural world and friends of the British Museum. 1·ltm S"C.""-'- 17 Ti"'~·6o a.,_""': Exhibition opens to public -"'· . ' 1-:::D S"I:? 17 .6:00--7: .30 p:a:n Reception hosted by Foreign Secretary at Trinity House ~ T:SU S3? 25 Lecture by Professor .T . Plumb Embassy rheater Embassy Theater .. -~; .0 OCT l Lecture by Dr. Brook Hindle \ Visit by Queen Elizabeth II Lecture in Embassy theater by Bernard Bailyn. ~·:~: :: :- #. ! 10 Reeeption for Benj~in Franklin Fellows, -- - A.mbassador' s reside:! ~e . , T\i~ NO'! 11 . , . 7:30-pm · Pr-ivate vie1-r and reception for Benjamin ·.Franklin Fellm·rs; Duke of Edinburgh presiding. · -:.•L;'j) 1WV 12 6:0(;·· -· ~ p:!:;) Inaugural Benjamin Franklin lecture at Royal Society of Arbs . Dinner for Franklin Fellows. Sit? NOV 15 Exhibition closes . '· 6 p,!f~---- E WHITE HOUSE WASHIN~' C...•:t ~/~-@ /L/-- If> THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON J/l_ o/~ ~ ..:Y ~~~~~~ -7 J6~ ___ ,. ~-. ~~-~ {~~.~~ ~,.~ ~c'f' ~~ ~). .:-· THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON July 28, 1975 Jack-- At our request, Robin West is preparing a fact sheet on the London trip. FYI, I have not committed you as yet, but have put the trip 11 on hold. 11 Russ THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON ;,~ '". {:.! \:~~··.,_ '-·-.