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The Fatherland: (1450-1700) Showing the Part It Bore in the Discovery, Exploration and Development of the Western Continent

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The Fatherland: (1450-1700) Showing the Part It Bore in the Discovery, Exploration and Development of the Western Continent y ^"i*. <^.. >;°o o > y •''^':^\<^" %"-'e^>* "v>»^',<^ "^^/-'.'jrr:-;, <> * o » o -^^ ,0^ o I-""'- *'••,* c ^ V s ^^ A^ Ao^ -.'• ^- ' ,* 'V' . V ,. J' 'i:^ .^^ /.^^,?,,v V %_^^,** /^^-. ^^^^^* .V5,.?.,;, <_^^ ^CoV X *• iV /> w o 0^ »'••'. <?• 7 . \/> b ^•^ V .\ :-c^'-» V '• "W" v 1450-THE FATHEF5LAND.-I700 ' ' ' k,Am.iumi i iiU.iiumu.iii. i..i .i i iji.iiin u." g«jff i ii 'i i -naj i m i,iiiiinMiiii! uni iuntnnHawtiuH- CHARLES V. EMPEROR HOLY ROM/\N EMPIRE /\ND KING 0F= SPAIN. 'BORN PEB. 24. 1500. DIED SEPT. Zl. 1556.' : XCbc 3fatbcrlanb (1450-1700) SHOWING THE PART IT BORE IN THE DISCOVERY, EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE WESTERN CONTINENT, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ^be Commonwealtb of Pennsylvania FART I. OF A NARRATIVE AND CRITICAL HISTORY, PREPARED AT THE REQUEST OF xrbe penns^lvanias=(Berman Society. By JULIUS FRIEDRICH SACHSE, LIFE MEMBER HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA; MEMBER AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY ; PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN SOCIETY ; ETC., ETC., ETC. PHILADELPHIA. 1897. ^m COPIES REi '^En K^ ^ S w Reprinted from the Proceedings of the Pennsylvania-German Society. Edition limited to one hundred and fity copies. No. ^ / Copyright, 1897, Bv JULIUS F. SACHSE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. .^^7 ; PREFATORY NOTE. ^^KU following monograph was prepared at the re- 1^' quest of the Pennsylvania-German Society, as an introduction to a Narrative and Critical History, now being published by the Society, under the general title Pennsylvania : the German Influence on its Settle- ment and Development^ which is designed to bring out in the fullest manner all information attainable, incidental to the subject. The introductory paper here presented deals with the Fatherland during the period from 1450 to 1700, showing the part it bore in the discovery, exploration and develop- ment of the Western Continent, with special reference to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. ]\Iany new and interesting facts and illustrations are here introduced to show how great a factor the German nation was in developing the Western Hemisphere, from the earliest days of its discovery until King Charles' grant to William Penn. How the latter strove to attract German emigrants to his newly-acquired province is fully shown from the literature of the day. An appendix is added, giving fac-simile title-pages of all books and pamphlets, so far as known, that influenced emigration to Pennsylvania. Acknowledgements are due to the lamented Frederick Dawson Stone, Litt. D., for advice and assistance in com- piling the title-pages in the appendix. We are also indebted to Hon. S. W. Pennypacker, of Philadelphia ; Director Hans Boesch, of the Germanic National Museum at Niirnberg Dr. Th. Schott, Royal Librarian at Stuttgart ; Dr. Adolf Buff, Stadt Archivar at Augsburg, and others at home and abroad for copies of rare documents and illustrations used in the compilation of this paper. LIST OF PLATES. Charles V Frontispiece. The Behaim House at Nurnberg facing page 14 Mohammed II (the great) 19 Fra Mauro's Map, A. D., 1459 .... 22-23 Martin Behaim 27 Christopher Columbus 33 / First Printed Account of Discovery 34 _ Broadside, Earliest German Account 36 1 Map of World from Ptolomy, 1513 38-39 Venetian Galley (i486) 44 . Martin Luther 47 , Bartolomaeus Welser 55 Arrival of German Expedition, 1528 . 58 i Map of South America, Showing Welser Possessions 70 (The Fugger House at Augsburg .... 78 , Map of the Palatinate 86 I Oldest Known German Newspaper 92 Medal Commemorating the Peace of Westphalia 94 Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden 102 Oxenstierna, Swedish Chancellor no The Quakers' Meeting at Rotterdam 118 Portrait of Benjamin Furly .... 123 William Penn 124 fTHE Burgomaster's Wife at Schorndorff 141 Julius Friedrich Sachse 169 1 CONTENTS. PART I, INTRODUCTION. Injustice to German Influence. Dr. John Matthew Otto. Memoir on the Discovery of America. Martin Behaim. The Pennsylvania- German Society. First Printer in America. Germans in America. 3-1 AT THE CLOSE OF THE MEDIEVAL ERA. A Survey of the Situation. Social Conditions of Germany. Invention of Printing. Westphalia Tribunals. Hanseatic League. German Commercial Enterprise. Advent of the Turk. The Renaissance. Augusta Vindelicorum. El Dorado of Marco Polo. Regiomontanus. Junto de Mathe- maticos. Martin Behaim. Columbus 12-32 DAWN OF THE MODERN PERIOD. Earliest Published Account of Columbus' Discovery. Fac- simile of Broadside. Waldzeemuller. Cosmographia Introductio. The Name America—its Derivation. 33-40 EFFECTS OF THE GREAT DISCOVERIES. Financial Failure of Columbus Expedition. Portugese En- terprise. Germans in Portugal. East Indies. German Merchants in America. Luther and the Reformation. Charles V. German Financial Magnates. 41-50 EARLIEST ATTEMPT AT GERMAN COLONIZATION. German Influence in America. Emperor Charles V and the German Bankers. Concessions to Germans. The Welsers in the West Indies. Royal Grants to Ehinger. The First German Expedition to America. Arrival at Coro. Unfurling the Imperial Standard in the Western World. 51-64 THE STORY OF WELSERLAND. Nicolaus Federman. Names of German Adventurers. Federman's Diary. George Hohemuth von Spier. Phillip vi Contents. von Hutten. The First Printer to Embark for America. Founding of Bogota. Murder of the German Commanders. Hispanicized Names. Venezuela. Las Casas. Vilifica- tion of the German—its true cause. The Lutheran Faith. Charges Against the Germans. Untrustworthiness of Las Casa's Charges. Refutation. The Welser Codex. 65-77 THE GRANTS TO ANTON AND HIRRONYMUS FUGGER. Concessions to the German Bankers. Chili a German Colony. Veit Horl. Encomiendas. Earliest Protest Against Slavery. Spanish System of Enslaving the Natives. Germans in Paraguay. Schmidt von Straubingen and Hans Stade's Accounts 78-84 RELIGIOUS CAUSES INDUCIVE TO GERMAN EMIGRATION. The Reformation. Peasants War. Twelve Articles. John of Leyden. Council of Trent. Renewed Persecutions. Schmal- kaldic League. Peace of Augsburg. A Huguenot Colony. Oldest German Newspaper. The Revolt in Bohemia. 85-93 THE THIRTY YEARS' WAR. Devastation of Germany. Great Losses. Character of the Troops Employed. Female Harpies. Tortures and Extortion. Peace of Westphalia. Effects of the Treaty. Decline of the German Empire 94-101 DUTCH AND SWEDISH ATTEMPTS AT COLONIZATION. Cornelius Mey. Usselinx. Peter Minuet. Gustavus Adol- phus. Axel Oxenstierna. Plans for an American Colony. "Mercurius Germaniae." "Argonautica Gustaviana." The Settlement on the Delaware. Luther's Catechism in the Indian Tongue 102-112 THE FRENCH WARS OF CONQUEST. Louis XIV and his Scheme of Aggrandizement. Invasion of Wiirtemberg and the Rhine Provinces. Separatists in Germany. Mennonites. Advent of the Quakers. Penn's Visits to Germany. Account of 'his Journey. Philipp Jacob Spener. Pietists. Penn and Furly's Tracts. Frank- fort Company. Crefeld Colony. Penn's Letter upon their Arrival at Philadelphia. Penn's Tracts and Pamphlets. Information for Emigrants, etc. , circulated in Germany. The Great Elector's Scheme for Founding a German Colony in America. Von Groben. Brandenburg Expedition. Friedrich's Berg 1 13-138 Contents. vii GERMAN EMIGRATION TO AMERICA. Edict of Nantes. The de Maintenon. Devastation of the Palatinate. League of Augsburg. The Burgo Master's Wife at Schorndorff. The Denoument. Furly's renewed Efforts for Pennsylvania. Safeguards for German Emi- grants. Advice to Penn Regarding Slavery. 139-144 LITERATURE USED TO INDUCE GERMAN EMIGRATION. Penn's Missives in German, Dutch, French and English. Some Rare Tracts Pamphlets from Pennsylvania. Edicts Against the Quakers. Counter Pamphlets. Vindication of Penn. Descriptive Works. Anti Quakeriana. Francis Daniel Paslorius. Johann Seelig's Missive. Koster vs. Pastorius. Early Map of Pennsylvania. Justus Falckner's Account of the Religious Condition of the Province. 145-169 APPENDIX. Fac-similes of Title-Pages of Books and Pamphlets that Influenced German Emigration. 173-228 ILLUSTRATIONS. PAGE. Historical Introduction ... 3 Venezuela, oldest map of . 53 Medieval Student 3 Marcus Velserus (Welser) . 55 Seal American Philosophical Ehinger arms 56 Society 6 Ulm, Arms 57 Insignia Pennsylvania-German Niirnberg Arms 63 Society 7 Tail piece antique 64 Earliest American Imprint . 10 Headpiece 65 Arms of Pennsylvania ... 11 Welser arms 65 Headpiece 12 Title Indianische Historia . 67 Arms of Holy Roman Empire 12 Vespucci, Autograph ... 42 Gutenberg Press 14 Miniature de la Cosa .... 43 Hanseatic Arms (London) . 16 Welser, Handel's Marke . 44 " " (Norway) . 17 Griibel Arms 45 " " (Bruges) . 18 Kelp. V. Sternberg Arms . 46 " " (Novgorod) . 22 Fragment of an Indulgence . 47 Hanseatic Warehouse in . Charles V, Autogragh ... 48 London 17 Jacobus Fugger 50 Genoa Arms 20 Augsburg arms 51 Venice Escutcheon .... 21 Headpiece 51 Astrolabe of the Ancients . 24 Philip von Hutten 71 Portugal, Royal Arms ... 25 Venezuela Arms 76 Behaim, Commercial Seal . 26 Ancient German Press ... 77 Astrolabe Portable .... 27 Headpiece 78 Jacob-staff 28 Fugger Arms 78 " method of using 29 Hieronymus Fugger .... 79 Columbus, Autograph of . 30 Antonius Fugger 81 Sea -going Vessel, XV Century 31 Chili, Arms 84 "Compass Rose," De La Cosa 32 Headpiece 85 Piece Head 33 Peasants' War, Broadside . 85 Columbus, Arms of . 33 "Twelve Articles," Title . 86 Early German Broadside 34 Peasants, Broadside .... 87 VValdseemiiller's Impriut 37 Title First German Bible . 88 America, Fac-Simile . 38 Tailpiece 93 Globe, of Peter Apianus 40 Headpiece 94 Headpiece 41 Mediaeval Helmet .... 94 Spain, . Royal Arms . 41 Camp Scene, 30 Years' War .
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