Gustavo Henrique Jerônimo Alves Análise

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Gustavo Henrique Jerônimo Alves Análise i GUSTAVO HENRIQUE JERÔNIMO ALVES ANÁLISE TAXONÔMICA, MOLECULAR, ECOLÓGICA E/OU ULTRAESTRUTURAL DOS FILOS BLASTOCLADIOMYCOTA, CHYTRIDIOMYCOTA E OOMYCOTA DE RESERVATÓRIOS DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO SOROCABA/MÉDIO TIETÊ, ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO, BRASIL Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Botânica da Secretaria do Meio Ambiente, como parte dos requisitos exigidos para obtenção do título de DOUTOR em BIODIVERSIDADE VEGETAL E MEIO AMBIENTE, na Área de Concentração de Plantas Avasculares e Fungos em Análises Ambientais. SÃO PAULO, 2018 ii GUSTAVO HENRIQUE JERÔNIMO ALVES ANÁLISE TAXONÔMICA, MOLECULAR, ECOLÓGICA E/OU ULTRAESTRUTURAL DOS FILOS BLASTOCLADIOMYCOTA, CHYTRIDIOMYCOTA E OOMYCOTA DE RESERVATÓRIOS DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO SOROCABA/MÉDIO TIETÊ, ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO, BRASIL Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Botânica da Secretaria do Meio Ambiente, como parte dos requisitos exigidos para obtenção do título de DOUTOR em BIODIVERSIDADE VEGETAL E MEIO AMBIENTE, na Área de Concentração de Plantas Avasculares e Fungos em Análises Ambientais. ORIENTADORA: DRA CARMEN LIDIA AMORIM PIRES ZOTTARELLI Ficha Catalográfica elaborada pelo NÚCLEO DE BIBLIOTECA E MEMÓRIA Alves, Gustavo Henrique Jerônimo A474a Análise taxonômica, molecular, ecológica, e/ou ultraestrutural dos filos Blastocladiomycota, Chytridiomycota e Oomycota de reservatórios da Bacia Hidrográfica do Sorocaba/Médio Tietê, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil / Gustavo Henrique Jerônimo Alves -- São Paulo, 2018. 150p. il. Tese (Doutorado) -- Instituto de Botânica da Secretaria de Estado do Meio Ambiente, 2018. Bibliografia. 1. Ecologia. 2. Fungos zoospóricos. 3. Ultraestrutura dos zoóspros. I. Título. CDU: 582.281 iii À minha esposa e amiga, Carolina Celestino Jerônimo Alves. Dedico iv AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço ... Em especial à Dra. Carmen L.A. Pires Zottarelli, pela confiança em mim depositada nesses seis anos de convivência, e principalmente pelo exemplo de profissionalismo, dedicação e paixão pelo que faz. Agradeço também, a minha esposa Carolina, por estar sempre ao meu lado em todos os momentos, sempre me apoiando e incentivando em novos desafios e conquistas. À Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), pela concessão das bolsas de Doutorado (n° processo FAPESP - 2014/16358-4) e Bolsa de Estágio de Pesquisa no Exterior (BEPE n° processo FAPESP – 2016/25800-8), as quais me permitiram crescer como profissional. À Dra. Carla Ferragut, do Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ecologia do Instituto de Botânica, pelo inestimável auxílio com as análises estatísticas e tratamento dos dados abióticos e bióticos, sempre muito solícita e de bom humor. À Dra. Denise Bicudo, do Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ecologia do Instituto de Botânica, por todo incentivo inicial e suporte durante todo o período de estudo. À Ana Lucia de Jesus, pela convivência e ajuda durante todo este período, sendo sempre um exemplo de dedicação e trabalho duro. À Vivis, Richi, Danilo, Luiz, Marcela, Sarah, Alex, Mauro, Nelson e Mari, pelo ótimo ambiente de trabalho, conversas ao café e ajuda durante o desenvolvimento da tese. Ao Stefano Zorzal (Jean), pelo apoio durante as coletas e análises laboratoriais, e cervejas compartilhadas. v À Samantha, Elaine e Dorinha por toda ajuda durante as expedições de coleta, sempre muito dispostas a me ajudar em todas as etapas desde a amostragem até o tratamento das amostras coletadas. À Pós-graduação do Instituto de Botânica (PG-IBt), por todo apoio institucional e infraestrutura fornecida para desenvolvimento deste projeto de doutorado. À Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), pela bolsa de doutorado fornecida durante o primeiro ano de projeto. Ao Dr. Timothy Y. James (Tim) e University of Michigan por todo suporte, respeito e confiança depositados durante o período de estágio, o qual foi muito importante para o meu crescimento profissional e pessoal. À Rabern Simmons, do laboratório de “Ecology and Evolutionary Biology” da “University of Michigan”, pelos ensinamentos sobre as análises de ultraestrutura dos zoósporos e pela amizade construída. À Anat e Erik, por toda paciência e disposição em ajudar em todos os aspectos, sendo primordiais na minha adaptação, principalmente nas semanas iniciais, sempre dispostos a ajudar em qualquer situação. À William Davis, Alisha, Jill, Lucas, Rob, Kevin and Buck pela agradável convivência e respeito demonstrado durante os 6 meses de estágio na “University of Michigan”. Ao Instituto Chico Mendes de preservação da Biodiversidade (ICM-Bio), pela permissão de coleta de amostras de água e sedimento no reservatório Hedberg, localizado na Floresta Nacional de Ipanema (FLONA de Ipanema), município de Iperó. Ao grupo Votorantim, pelo suporte técnico e permissão de coleta de amostras de água e sedimento nos reservatórios de Santa Helena e Itupararanga. A todos que de certa forma tornaram possível a realização deste estudo. vi Lista de siglas APA – Área de Proteção Ambiental BEPE – Bolsa de Estágio de Pesquisa no Exterior CBA – Companhia Brasileira de Alumínio CBH-SMT – Conselho da Bacia Hidrográfica Sorocaba e Médio Tietê CEPAGRI – Centro de Pesquisas Meteorológicas e Climáticas Aplicadas a Agricultura CETESB – Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo CONAMA – Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente CCIBt – Coleção de Culturas de Algas, Fungos e Cianobácterias DDSA – anidrido dodecenil-succínico DMP 30 – Tris-Dimetilaminometil fenol DMSO – Dimetilsulfato EMS© – Electron Microscopy Sciences FAPESP – Fundação de Ámparo à Pesquisa no Estado de São Paulo FLONA de Ipanema – Floresta Nacional de Ipanema IBAMA: Instituto Nacional do Meio Ambiente e Recursos Naturais Renováveis e da Amazônia Legal IET – Índice de Estado Trófico NT – Nitrogênio Total OD – Oxigênio dissolvido PCA – Análise de Componentes Principais PCoA – Análise de Coordenadas Principais PEFI – Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga PFLA – Análise de Ácidos Graxos Fosfolipídicos PT – Fósforo Total SigRH – Sistema de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos UGRHI – Unidade de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos UrAc – Acetato de Uranila vii SUMÁRIO APRESENTAÇÃO .................................................................................................................................. viii RESUMO .................................................................................................................................................. 09 ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................................. 11 INTRODUÇÃO GERAL .......................................................................................................................... 13 OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS .....................................................................................................................19 HIPÓTESES .............................................................................................................................................. 19 METODOLOGIA GERAL ....................................................................................................................... 21 REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS ...................................................................................................... 48 CAPÍTULO 1. Estrutura da comunidade de organismos zoospóricos heterotróficos (fungos zoospóricos e oomicetos) da coluna d’água e sedimento superficial de reservatórios com distintos estados tróficos Resumo ...................................................................................................................................................... 56 Abstract ...................................................................................................................................................... 57 Introdução .................................................................................................................................................. 59 Material e Métodos .................................................................................................................................... 62 Resultados & Discussão ............................................................................................................................. 65 Referências Bibliográficas ......................................................................................................................... 90 CAPÍTULO 2. Novelties for the Nowakowskiella genus: a new species and new combination Abstract ……………………………………………………………………………….............................. 97 Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………............................ 97 Material and Methods ………………………………………………………………................................ 99 Results …………………………………………………………………………….................................. 103 Discussion ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 110 Literature cited ……………………………………………………………………………..................... 112 CAPÍTULO 3. Boothiomyces angulosum: a new combination into Terramycetaceae (Rhizophydiales, Chytridiomycota) Abstract ………………………………………………………………………………………………... 116 Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 117 Material and Methods …………………………………………………………………………………. 118 Results ……………………………………………………………………………................................. 121 Discussion …………………………………………………………………………………................... 126 References …………………………………………………………………………............................... 129 CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS ................................................................................................................ 131 Anexo I ...................................................................................................................................................
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