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China As a Hybrid Influencer: Non-State Actors As State Proxies COI HYBRID INFLUENCE COI
Hybrid CoE Research Report 1 JUNE 2021 China as a hybrid influencer: Non-state actors as state proxies COI HYBRID INFLUENCE COI JUKKA AUKIA Hybrid CoE Hybrid CoE Research Report 1 China as a hybrid influencer: Non-state actors as state proxies JUKKA AUKIA 3 Hybrid CoE Research Reports are thorough, in-depth studies providing a deep understanding of hybrid threats and phenomena relating to them. Research Reports build on an original idea and follow academic research report standards, presenting new research findings. They provide either policy-relevant recommendations or practical conclusions. COI Hybrid Influence looks at how state and non-state actors conduct influence activities targeted at Participating States and institutions, as part of a hybrid campaign, and how hostile state actors use their influence tools in ways that attempt to sow instability, or curtail the sovereignty of other nations and the independence of institutions. The focus is on the behaviours, activities, and tools that a hostile actor can use. The goal is to equip practitioners with the tools they need to respond to and deter hybrid threats. COI HI is led by the UK. The European Centre of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats tel. +358 400 253 800 www.hybridcoe.fi ISBN (web) 978-952-7282-78-6 ISBN (print) 978-952-7282-79-3 ISSN 2737-0860 June 2021 Hybrid CoE is an international hub for practitioners and experts, building Participating States’ and institutions’ capabilities and enhancing EU-NATO cooperation in countering hybrid threats, located in Helsinki, Finland. The responsibility for the views expressed ultimately rests with the authors. -
Sharpening EU Sanctions Policy for a Geopolitical Era
Niklas Helwig, Juha Jokela, Clara Portela Sharpening EU sanctions policy for a geopolitical era Publications of the Government´s analysis, assessment and research activities 31/2017 ISSN 2342-6799 ISBN PDF 978-952-287-935-6 Publications of the Government´s analysis, assessment and research activities 2020:31 Sharpening EU sanctions policy for a geopolitical era Niklas Helwig, Juha Jokela, Clara Portela (eds.) Prime Minister’s Office Helsinki 2020 Prime Minister’s Office ISBN PDF: 978-952-287-935-6 Author and Niklas Helwig & Juha Jokela, Finnish Institute of International Affairs organization: Clara Portela, University of Valencia (Spain) Helsinki 2020 Description sheet Published by Prime Minister’s Office 27 May 2020 Authors Niklas Helwig, Juha Jokela, Clara Portela (eds.) Title of publication Sharpening EU sanctions policy for a geopolitical era Series and publication Publications of the Government´s analysis, assessment and research activities number 2020:31 ISBN PDF 978-952-287-935-6 ISSN PDF 2342-6799 Website address URN http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-287-935-6 Pages 203 Language English European Union, Common Foreign and Security Policy, sanctions, Brexit, United Kingdom, Transatlantic Keywords relations, International Relations, restrictive measures, economic sanctions, Russia, research, research activities Abstract The European Union (EU) increasingly uses sanctions in order to respond to breaches of international norms and adverse security developments in its neighbourhood and beyond. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state of EU sanctions and discusses options on how to maintain them as an effective tool. The study identifies the withdrawal of the UK as one of main architects of the instrument and an increasingly unilateral and unpredictable US sanctions policy as key challenges. -
The Communist Party of Great Britain Since 1920 Also by David Renton
The Communist Party of Great Britain since 1920 Also by David Renton RED SHIRTS AND BLACK: Fascism and Anti-Fascism in Oxford in the ‘Thirties FASCISM: Theory and Practice FASCISM, ANTI-FASCISM AND BRITAIN IN THE 1940s THE TWENTIETH CENTURY: A Century of Wars and Revolutions? (with Keith Flett) SOCIALISM IN LIVERPOOL: Episodes in a History of Working-Class Struggle THIS ROUGH GAME: Fascism and Anti-Fascism in European History MARX ON GLOBALISATION CLASSICAL MARXISM: Socialist Theory and the Second International The Communist Party of Great Britain since 1920 James Eaden and David Renton © James Eaden and David Renton 2002 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2002 978-0-333-94968-9 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2002 by PALGRAVE Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE is the new global academic imprint of St. -
Global Command Series
GLOBAL COMMAND SERIES v3.0 A Global War Expansion Designed by Will Henson Revision by Hans van der Leeuw & Delaja Schuppers Overview v3.0 HBG’s Spanish Civil War version 3.0 (SCW3.0) expansion provides a new set of rules, pieces and markers to play out this epic conflict within a game of Global War! Here you will find rules for Intervention by foreign powers, new consequences players face for victory (or defeat!), a set of advanced rules for the event markers of which some represent the different historical Factions that got involved in this bloody conflict that ended Spain’s colonial power. 2 Spanish Civil War Set Contents Republican (Plum colored) Nationalist (Yellow colored) · 8 Infantry · 8 Infantry · 2 Motorized Infantry · 2 Motorized Infantry Opel · 4 Artillery 122mm · 4 Artillery 75-7 Veld · 2 Light Armor T-26 · 2 Light Armor 38t · 2 Medium Armor T-34 · 2 Medium Armor Pz III · 2 Fighters I-16 · 2 Fighters FW-190 · 1 Tactical Bomber Su-2 · 1 Cruiser · 1 Medium Bomber IL-4 · 1 Transport · 1 Cruiser · 2 Destroyers · 1 Transport · 1 Battleship España-Class (3D · 2 Destroyers Printed) (Black colored) (Brown colored) · 2 Anti-Aircraft Artillery · 2 Anti-Aircraft Artillery · 1 Air transport (Condor Legion) Markers for specific units Markers for general purpose · 6 Spanish Blue Division Markers · 1 set of 10 Nationalist Roundels · 2 German Condor Legion Markers · 1 set of 10 Republican Roundels · 1 Italian Aviazione Legionaria · 5 Cavalry Markers · 1 Soviet Voluntary Pilots Marker · 5 Mountain Infantry Markers · 1 French Voluntary Pilots Marker · 8 Militia Markers · 6 Communist International Brigade Markers · 2 Army of Africa Markers 12 Event Markers · 4 CTV Markers Battleship España 3 War in Neutral Spain 1. -
PRESENT-DAY SPAIN and the CONTEXT of INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS (45 Class Hours) Lecturer: Dr
Course GB-18 PRESENT-DAY SPAIN AND THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS (45 class hours) Lecturer: Dr. Inmaculada Cordero ([email protected]) Substitute Lecturer: Dr. Leonardo Ruiz Sánchez ([email protected]) OBJECTIVES The aim of this Course is to provide students with as detailed an overview as possible of Spain’s International Relations and Foreign Policy within the period dating from the Second World War until the Present Day. With this aim in mind, a specific methodology has been designed in terms of the kind of students participating in the Course, while also taking into account its duration, as well as the distribution of its sessions which will be divided between those of a practical kind and those which are theoretical in character. METHODOLOGY The syllabus will span the academic year’s second semester in two weekly modules, each with a duration of two hours. In the theoretical sessions, classes will be based on explanations of the fundamental aspects of each of the subject blocks. Once the Course has moved forward, one session in three will be dedicated to the screening of, and commentary on, historical documentaries and movies specifically chosen as back-up to the explanations and analysis offered in class. Amongst others, projections will include those chapters dealing with the question of international relations belonging to documentary series such as La Guerra Civil Española; Franco, Juan Carlos I y La Transición Democrática Española. The movie ¡Bienvenido, Mr. Marshall! will also be screened. SYLLABUS SUBJECT BLOCK 1. THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR AS AN INTERNATIONAL EVENT. The Domestic Conflict and its Internationalization. -
WW2-Spain-Tripbook.Pdf
SPAIN 1 Page Spanish Civil War (clockwise from top-left) • Members of the XI International Brigade at the Battle of Belchite • Bf 109 with Nationalist markings • Bombing of an airfield in Spanish West Africa • Republican soldiers at the Siege of the Alcázar • Nationalist soldiers operating an anti-aircraft gun • HMS Royal Oakin an incursion around Gibraltar Date 17 July 1936 – 1 April 1939 (2 years, 8 months, 2 weeks and 1 day) Location Spain Result Nationalist victory • End of the Second Spanish Republic • Establishment of the Spanish State under the rule of Francisco Franco Belligerents 2 Page Republicans Nationalists • Ejército Popular • FET y de las JONS[b] • Popular Front • FE de las JONS[c] • CNT-FAI • Requetés[c] • UGT • CEDA[c] • Generalitat de Catalunya • Renovación Española[c] • Euzko Gudarostea[a] • Army of Africa • International Brigades • Italy • Supported by: • Germany • Soviet Union • Supported by: • Mexico • Portugal • France (1936) • Vatican City (Diplomatic) • Foreign volunteers • Foreign volunteers Commanders and leaders Republican leaders Nationalist leaders • Manuel Azaña • José Sanjurjo † • Julián Besteiro • Emilio Mola † • Francisco Largo Caballero • Francisco Franco • Juan Negrín • Gonzalo Queipo de Llano • Indalecio Prieto • Juan Yagüe • Vicente Rojo Lluch • Miguel Cabanellas † • José Miaja • Fidel Dávila Arrondo • Juan Modesto • Manuel Goded Llopis † • Juan Hernández Saravia • Manuel Hedilla • Carlos Romero Giménez • Manuel Fal Conde • Buenaventura Durruti † • Lluís Companys • José Antonio Aguirre Strength 1936 -
Moscow Takes Command: 1929–1937
Section 3 Moscow takes command: 1929–1937 The documents in this section cover the period from February 1929 until early 1937, with most of them being concentrated in the earlier years of this period in line with the general distribution of documents in the CAAL. This period marks an important shift in the history of relations between the CPA and the Comintern for two main reasons. First, because the Comintern became a direct player in the leadership struggles within the Party in 1929 (the main catalyst for which, not surprisingly, was the CPA's long-troubled approach to the issue of the ALP). And second, because it sent an organizer to Australia to `Bolshevize' the Party in 1930±31. A new generation of leaders took over from the old, owing their positions to Moscow's patronage, and thusÐuntil the Party was declared an illegal organization in 1940Ðfully compliant with the policies and wishes of Moscow. The shift in relations just outlined was part of a broader pattern in the Comintern's dealings with its sections that began after the Sixth Congress in 1928. If the `Third Period' thesis was correct, and the world class struggle was about to intensify, and the Soviet Union to come under military attack (and, indeed, the thesis was partly correct, but partly self-fulfilling), then the Comintern needed sections that could reliably implement its policies. The Sixth Congress had been quite open about it: it now required from its national sections a `strict party discipline and prompt and precise execution of the decisions of the Communist International, of its agencies and of the leading Party committees' (Degras 1960, 466). -
Labor's Divided Ranks: Privilege and the United Front Ideology
Cornell Law Review Volume 84 Article 2 Issue 6 September 1999 Labor’s Divided Ranks: Privilege and the United Front Ideology Marion Crain Ken Matheny Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/clr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Marion Crain and Ken Matheny, Labor’s Divided Ranks: Privilege and the United Front Ideology , 84 Cornell L. Rev. 1542 (1999) Available at: http://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/clr/vol84/iss6/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Scholarship@Cornell Law: A Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Cornell Law Review by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Cornell Law: A Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. "LABOR'S DIVIDED RANKS": PRIVILEGE AND THE UNITED FRONT IDEOLOGY Marion Craint & Ken Mathenytt INTRODUCTION The American workforce, once a relatively homogenous group by race, ethnicity, and gender, has grown increasingly diverse.' As the workforce has diversified, workplace disputes, once framed in terms of class conflict and considered the province of labor unions, have been eclipsed by identity-based claims raising issues relating to race, ethnic- ity, gender, sexual orientation, or disability. Antidiscrimination laws reify and reinforce gender, ethnic, race, sexual orientation, and disa- bility consciousness in workers, and academics, civil rights lawyers, and progressive social change movements have enthusiastically taken up these causes. 2 Meanwhile, the labor movement has fallen into public disfavor, as indicated by the corresponding drop in union density.3 Increasingly, the lines of identity politics divide the workforce more than issues of class unite it. -
In the Liberation Struggle
11 Latin Rmerican Christians inthe Liberation Struggle Since the Latin American Catholic Bishops the People's United Front. When this failed, due met in Medellin, Colombia in August and September to fragmentation and mistrust on the left and the 1968 to call for basic changes in the region, the repression exercised by the government, he joined Catholic Church has been increasingly polarized the National Liberation Army in the mountains. between those who heard their words from the He soon fell in a skirmish with government troops point of view of the suffering majorities and advised by U.S. counterinsurgency experts. those who heard them from the point of view of Camilo's option for violence has clearly affected the vested interests. The former found in the the attitudes of Latin American Christians, but Medellin documents, as in certain documents of so also has his attempt to build a United Front, the Second Vatican Council and the social ency- as we shall see in the Dominican piece which fol- clicals of Popes Paul VI and John XXIII, the lows. But more importantly, Camilo lent the fire legitimation of their struggles for justice and of committed love to the Christian forces for their condemnations of exploitation and struc- change around the continent. To Camilo it had tures of domination. The Latin American Bishops become apparent that the central meaning of his had hoped that their call published in Medellin Catholic commitment would only be found in the would be enough, all too hastily retreating from love of his neighbor. And he saw still more their public declarations when their implications clearly that love which does not find effective became apparent. -
The Party-State in China's Military-Industrial Complex: Implications for US National Security
Testimony before the U.S.- China Economic and Security Review Commission Hearing on "U.S. Investment in China's Capital Markets and Military-Industrial Complex" The Party-State in China’s Military-Industrial Complex: Implications for U.S. National Security Jason Arterburn Program Director, the Center for Advanced Defense Studies Friday, March 19, 2021 [Type here] US-China Economic Security Review Testimony Introduction China’s domestic political economy exposes the United States to national security risks that our regulatory systems are not well equipped to address. China’s commercial system blurs public and private distinctions, which have become even less meaningful under General Secretary Xi Jinping as the party-state has become resurgent in the commercial sector. While the U.S. policymaking community has largely acknowledged the risks of U.S. exposure to China’s military- industrial base, our regulatory community still faces challenges in how to identify and mitigate risks. This is largely because “the analytical frameworks that many of us are using to understand China’s economy are stuck in past paradigms” that do not reflect the “entirely new political- economic order” that China’s system has produced as both an emergent and intentional phenomenon.1 Experts like James Mulvenon, Anna Puglisi, William Hannas, Didi Kirsten Tatlow, and others have previously produced extensive analyses of China’s technology acquisition ambitions and military-civil fusion system, which have provided the policymaking community with a comprehensive overview of China’s technology acquisition system and its changes over the last decade. In this testimony, I seek to complement their work by contextualizing China’s military-industrial base against the backdrop of recent changes in China’s political economy, with the goal of developing a framework that policymakers and the business community can use to mitigate national security risk as General Secretary Xi Jinping continues to pursue illiberal governance reforms. -
Tournament 10 Round 11 Tossups 1
Tournament 10 Round 11 Tossups 1. This author wrote a poem about pursuing a creation “with thimbles,…forks, and hope.” In another work by this author, a story about three sisters who live at the bottom of a well and live off treacle is told by a (*) dormouse. One of his title characters is accompanied by her cat Dinah while following a white rabbit who is employed by the Queen of Hearts. He created Tweedledee and Tweedledum as well as the Cheshire Cat. For 10 points, name this author of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland . ANSWER: Lewis Carroll [or Charles Lutwidge Dodgson] 027-09-11-11102 2. The title figure in one of his paintings is bent forwards, showing the hand of cards she is playing. In addition to that portrait of Mary Cassatt, he showed a weary-eyed woman looking out over a glass of the title beverage in his (*) L’Absinthe . He depicted two men in suits and bowler hats examining the title commodity in his New Orleans Cotton Exchange. A man with a violin sits on the left in a painting depicting his most famous subjects. For 10 points, name this French Impressionist painter, noted for his depictions of horses and ballerinas. ANSWER: Edgar Degas (Day-GA) [accept Hilaire-Germain-Edgar Degas] 002-09-11-11103 3. Misha Gordon witnesses a suicide at the beginning of this work, and that suicide victim's son is friends with Nicky Dudorov. One character in this novel takes on the name Strelnikov, meaning "The Shooter," having been formerly known as (*) Pasha Antipov. -
Fifteen Years of the Communist Party
University of Central Florida STARS PRISM: Political & Rights Issues & Social Movements 1-1-1934 Fifteen years of the Communist Party Alex Bittelman Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/prism University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Book is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in PRISM: Political & Rights Issues & Social Movements by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Recommended Citation Bittelman, Alex, "Fifteen years of the Communist Party" (1934). PRISM: Political & Rights Issues & Social Movements. 260. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/prism/260 IY ALEX BITIELMAN 10c REPORTS, SPEECHES AND DECISIONS of the Historic IJTH PLENUM •I tll• Executive Committee of the COMMUNIST INTERNATIONAL • Theses and Decisions, Thirtaellth Plenum of the E.C.C.I. • . • . • • . .OS Fascism,• the Danger of War and the Tasks of the Communist Parties a.port b')I ICUUSINEN .••• , . • . • . • . • • • . .10 We are Fighting for a Soviet Germany Rqorl b')I WILHELM Plli:CK, Sccrd•ry of th• Co"'''""''" Po-rty of Gc1'11'411'JI . • . • • . • . • . • . .to The Comm.Dist Parties in th.e Fight for the Masses Ste.ch by 0. PlATNITSICY • • . • • . .10 Revolutionary Crisis, Fascism and War S'ucb by D. Z. HANUILSJCY • • • • • • • . .OS Fascism, Social Democracy and the Communists Stucb by V. KNORIN, lfr"'b'r of tbe B.C.C.I. .10 .Revolutionary China Today Sp-.cb by WAN MING tutti KANG SIN . .10 ffhe Revolutionary Struggle of the Toiling Masses of Japan Sp1uu:b by OKANO, Jato. , . • . • . .OS • Ortln- fr01'1 WORKERS LIBRARY PUBLISHERS P.O.