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Sharpening EU Sanctions Policy for a Geopolitical Era
Niklas Helwig, Juha Jokela, Clara Portela Sharpening EU sanctions policy for a geopolitical era Publications of the Government´s analysis, assessment and research activities 31/2017 ISSN 2342-6799 ISBN PDF 978-952-287-935-6 Publications of the Government´s analysis, assessment and research activities 2020:31 Sharpening EU sanctions policy for a geopolitical era Niklas Helwig, Juha Jokela, Clara Portela (eds.) Prime Minister’s Office Helsinki 2020 Prime Minister’s Office ISBN PDF: 978-952-287-935-6 Author and Niklas Helwig & Juha Jokela, Finnish Institute of International Affairs organization: Clara Portela, University of Valencia (Spain) Helsinki 2020 Description sheet Published by Prime Minister’s Office 27 May 2020 Authors Niklas Helwig, Juha Jokela, Clara Portela (eds.) Title of publication Sharpening EU sanctions policy for a geopolitical era Series and publication Publications of the Government´s analysis, assessment and research activities number 2020:31 ISBN PDF 978-952-287-935-6 ISSN PDF 2342-6799 Website address URN http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-287-935-6 Pages 203 Language English European Union, Common Foreign and Security Policy, sanctions, Brexit, United Kingdom, Transatlantic Keywords relations, International Relations, restrictive measures, economic sanctions, Russia, research, research activities Abstract The European Union (EU) increasingly uses sanctions in order to respond to breaches of international norms and adverse security developments in its neighbourhood and beyond. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state of EU sanctions and discusses options on how to maintain them as an effective tool. The study identifies the withdrawal of the UK as one of main architects of the instrument and an increasingly unilateral and unpredictable US sanctions policy as key challenges. -
La Cartografía Del Corpo Di Truppe Volontarie, 1937-1939*
Hispania, LXII/1, num. 210 (2002) LA CARTOGRAFÍA DEL CORPO DI TRUPPE VOLONTARIE, 1937-1939* por Luis URTEAGA FRANCESC NADAL Depto. de Geografía Humana, Universidad de Barcelona JOSÉ IGNACIO MURO Depto. de Historia y Geografía, Universidad Rovira i Virgili RESUMEN: Este artículo describe la organización y actividades de una sección cartográfica del Istituto Geográfico Militare, enviada a España en mayo de 1937para reforzar los servicios del Corpo di Truppe Volontarie. Entre los mapas compilados por los cartó• grafos italianos destaca una colección de sesenta hojas del Mapa topográfico de Es paña a escala 1:50.000, y la edición polícroma de una carta itineraria con tintas hipsométricas a escala 1:200.000, en trece hojas, que cubren un extensión de 197.838 km2 del territorio peninsular. PALABRAS CLAVE: Cartografía militar. Istituto Geográfico Militare. Cor po di Truppe Volontarie. Guerra de España (1936- 1939). ABSTRACT: This paper studies the organization and work of a cartographic section of the Isti tuto Geográfico Militare, which was sent to Spain in 1937 in order to reinforce the efficiency of the Corpo di Truppe Volontarie. Among the maps compiled by the Italian cartographers we emphasise a series of 60 sheets of the Topographic Map of Spain at the scale of 1:50.000, and the edition of a medium-scale Road Map (1:200.000), in thirteen sheets, covering an area of 197,838 square kilometres of the Iberian Peninsula. KEYWORDS: Military cartography. Istituto Geográfico Militare. Cor po di Truppe Volontarie. Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). * Este trabajo se ha realizado en el marco del proyecto de investigación PB96-0226, financia do por la Dirección General de Enseñanza Superior. -
The Communist Party of Great Britain Since 1920 Also by David Renton
The Communist Party of Great Britain since 1920 Also by David Renton RED SHIRTS AND BLACK: Fascism and Anti-Fascism in Oxford in the ‘Thirties FASCISM: Theory and Practice FASCISM, ANTI-FASCISM AND BRITAIN IN THE 1940s THE TWENTIETH CENTURY: A Century of Wars and Revolutions? (with Keith Flett) SOCIALISM IN LIVERPOOL: Episodes in a History of Working-Class Struggle THIS ROUGH GAME: Fascism and Anti-Fascism in European History MARX ON GLOBALISATION CLASSICAL MARXISM: Socialist Theory and the Second International The Communist Party of Great Britain since 1920 James Eaden and David Renton © James Eaden and David Renton 2002 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2002 978-0-333-94968-9 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2002 by PALGRAVE Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE is the new global academic imprint of St. -
7. Catalan Gas Mask
Level: 2n de Subject: Social Science (History) Batxillerat A History of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) in 30 Objects Timing: 12 Author: Ricard Expósito i Amagat sessions Institut AICLE / CLIL La Garrotxa 7. Catalan gas mask. “F.A.P.” type produced by “La Protectora” located in Roses de Llobregat (= Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona). Extremely scarce. Author’s collection. In Sant Feliu de Llobregat, fuses1 were also produced for the “Comitè d’Indústries de Guerra de Catalunya” (War Industries Commission).2 “In the First World War the feared artillery and devastating machine guns may have caused more casualties, but for many soldiers the most detested weapon was – gas”.3 Twenty years later, the use of poison gas in the SCW was a very real fear. As a result both soldiers and civilians were issued with gas masks. But poison gas was not used, at least at a large scale. - Why wasn’t poison gas used? Before you answer, read C. N. Trueman, “Poison Gas And World War Two”, historylearningsite.co.uk. The History Learning Site, 6 Mar 2015. 16 Aug 2016. Accessed August 30, 2016. 1 Espoletes, “f. [DE] [LC] Aparell que es col·loca a l'ogiva d'un projectil, a la boca d'una bomba, d'una granada, etc., i serveix per a fer esclatar la càrrega”, DIEC2. 2 F. J. de Madariaga Fernández, Las industrias de guerra de Cataluña durante la Guerra Civil, tesi doctoral dirigida per J. Sánchez Cervelló, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2003, p. 705. “Del pintallavis a la bala”, M. Montserrat Besses (dir.) and M. -
PRESENT-DAY SPAIN and the CONTEXT of INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS (45 Class Hours) Lecturer: Dr
Course GB-18 PRESENT-DAY SPAIN AND THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS (45 class hours) Lecturer: Dr. Inmaculada Cordero ([email protected]) Substitute Lecturer: Dr. Leonardo Ruiz Sánchez ([email protected]) OBJECTIVES The aim of this Course is to provide students with as detailed an overview as possible of Spain’s International Relations and Foreign Policy within the period dating from the Second World War until the Present Day. With this aim in mind, a specific methodology has been designed in terms of the kind of students participating in the Course, while also taking into account its duration, as well as the distribution of its sessions which will be divided between those of a practical kind and those which are theoretical in character. METHODOLOGY The syllabus will span the academic year’s second semester in two weekly modules, each with a duration of two hours. In the theoretical sessions, classes will be based on explanations of the fundamental aspects of each of the subject blocks. Once the Course has moved forward, one session in three will be dedicated to the screening of, and commentary on, historical documentaries and movies specifically chosen as back-up to the explanations and analysis offered in class. Amongst others, projections will include those chapters dealing with the question of international relations belonging to documentary series such as La Guerra Civil Española; Franco, Juan Carlos I y La Transición Democrática Española. The movie ¡Bienvenido, Mr. Marshall! will also be screened. SYLLABUS SUBJECT BLOCK 1. THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR AS AN INTERNATIONAL EVENT. The Domestic Conflict and its Internationalization. -
Ministeiuo 'Del Ejercito
Vieniés. 25 de a.gosto -de 100' Tomo III.-Pág. 1.105 RI • ~_ •• é :.-_' " MINISTEIUO 'DEL EJERCITO DECRETOS Así lo dispongo por el 'presente Decreto, dado bll Madrid a trece de julio de mil novecientos se senta y; siete, X FRANCISCO FRANCO El Ministro del Ejéroito. ORDEN DE SAN HERMENEOILDO OAMILO MENENDEZ TOLOSA. Números 1.840, 1.841, 1.843, 1.842 Y 1.844/1967, por los que se concede la Oran Cruz de la Real y Militar Orden de San HermenegiJdo a los Ge En consideración a. 10 solicitado por el General nerales de Brigada de Infantería don Francisco de Brigada de Infantería don Luis Cano Portal, Cirugeda Echevarria, don Féli~ AlvareztAre· y de conformidad con lo propuesto por la Asam nas I)achecot don Luis Cano Portal y don José blea de la Heal y Militar Orden de San Herrne Viclt .'\narén y d~ Artillería don Federico Es ne'giWo, teban Ascensión. Vengo en concederle la Gran Cruz de la referida. I Orden, con la antigüedad del día dieeisiete de En consideración a lo aolicitado por el General marzo del corriente año, fecha en que cumplió las de Brigada de Infantería don FrancisGo Cirugeda condiciones reglamentarias, Echevarría, y de conformidad eon lo pl'op'uesto Así lo dispongo por el presente Decreto, dado por la Asamblea de la Real y Militar Orden de en MadrId a diecinueve de jul10 de' mil novecien~ ;San Hermenegildo, tos sesenta y siete. Vengo en coneederle la Gra.n Cruz de la referida Orden con la antigüedad. del día trece' de enero FRANCISCO FRANCO del corriente año, fecha en q ne cumplió las COll diciones reg!amentarías. -
Alicante's Cultural Guide
Table of Contents Country Profile: Spain ..................................................................................................................................1-6 Country Overview: History, Quick Facts, Government, Educational System…………………..........................................2-4 Alicante Overview: History, Quick Facts, Economy....................................................................................................4-6 Practical Information ...................................................................................................................................6-9 Making Phone Calls .......................................................................................................................................................6 Emergency Numbers .....................................................................................................................................................7 Handling Money...........................................................................................................................................................7-8 Weather........................................................................................................................................................................8-9 Being a North American Abroad .................................................................................................................9-12 Culture Shock..................................................................................................................................................................9 -
La Presencia Italiana En La Guerra Civil Española
Máster Interuniversitario Europeo: Europa y el mundo Atlántico, Poder, cultura y sociedad. Trabajo Fin de Máster. 2013/2014. La Presencia italiana en la Guerra Civil Española: El Corpo Truppe Volontarie en la provincia de Burgos. Autora: Carlota Martínez Sáez. Tutora: Mª Concepción Marcos del Olmo A mis cinco abuelos. Los de aquí y los que esperan en la eternidad. Agradecimientos. Quisiera aprovechar para dedicar unas breves palabras a todos los que me han presentado una ayuda sincera y desinteresada y que han contribuido de diversas maneras a la realización de este trabajo. A mi familia por su apoyo y comprensión, especialmente a mis padres. A quienes han dejado su testimonio, agradecerles su valiosa colaboración. A los historiadores y amigos, por sus sugerencias, por facilitarme materiales imprescindibles o simplemente por aportar soluciones cuando intentaba apagar incendios con vasos de agua. Así como agradecer al personal de los diferentes archivos que me han ayudado. En especial al Archivo Municipal de Burgos, al Archivio Provinciale di Bolzano y al Monasterio de Bujedo. A Pascual Martínez Sopena y a Mauricio Herrero Jiménez, por trasmitir grandes dosis de conocimiento a través de palabras siempre amables y tranquilizadoras. Y para finalizar, a Mº Concepción Marcos del Olmo, por haberme permitido, bajo su guía y magisterio, haber realizado el presente estudio. A quienes nos infunden o infundieron ánimos para seguir batallando en una historia única, cotidiana y anónima, gracias. La Presencia del CTV en la provincia de Burgos. Índice. 1. Estado de la Cuestión del estudio. .............................................................................. 11 1.1 Estado de la Cuestión general. .............................................................................. 11 1.2 Estado de la Cuestión del caso particular Burgalés: ............................................ -
WW2-Spain-Tripbook.Pdf
SPAIN 1 Page Spanish Civil War (clockwise from top-left) • Members of the XI International Brigade at the Battle of Belchite • Bf 109 with Nationalist markings • Bombing of an airfield in Spanish West Africa • Republican soldiers at the Siege of the Alcázar • Nationalist soldiers operating an anti-aircraft gun • HMS Royal Oakin an incursion around Gibraltar Date 17 July 1936 – 1 April 1939 (2 years, 8 months, 2 weeks and 1 day) Location Spain Result Nationalist victory • End of the Second Spanish Republic • Establishment of the Spanish State under the rule of Francisco Franco Belligerents 2 Page Republicans Nationalists • Ejército Popular • FET y de las JONS[b] • Popular Front • FE de las JONS[c] • CNT-FAI • Requetés[c] • UGT • CEDA[c] • Generalitat de Catalunya • Renovación Española[c] • Euzko Gudarostea[a] • Army of Africa • International Brigades • Italy • Supported by: • Germany • Soviet Union • Supported by: • Mexico • Portugal • France (1936) • Vatican City (Diplomatic) • Foreign volunteers • Foreign volunteers Commanders and leaders Republican leaders Nationalist leaders • Manuel Azaña • José Sanjurjo † • Julián Besteiro • Emilio Mola † • Francisco Largo Caballero • Francisco Franco • Juan Negrín • Gonzalo Queipo de Llano • Indalecio Prieto • Juan Yagüe • Vicente Rojo Lluch • Miguel Cabanellas † • José Miaja • Fidel Dávila Arrondo • Juan Modesto • Manuel Goded Llopis † • Juan Hernández Saravia • Manuel Hedilla • Carlos Romero Giménez • Manuel Fal Conde • Buenaventura Durruti † • Lluís Companys • José Antonio Aguirre Strength 1936 -
The Labour Party and the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939
1 Britain and the Basque Campaign of 1937: The Government, the Royal Navy, the Labour Party and the Press. To a large extent, the reaction of foreign powers dictated both the course and the outcome of the Civil War. The policies of four of the five major protagonists, Britain, France, Germany and Italy were substantially influenced by hostility to the fifth, the Soviet Union. Suspicion of the Soviet Union had been a major determinant of the international diplomacy of the Western powers since the revolution of October 1917. The Spanish conflict was the most recent battle in a European civil war. The early tolerance shown to both Hitler and Mussolini in the international arena was a tacit sign of approval of their policies towards the left in general and towards communism in particular. During the Spanish Civil War, it became apparent that this British and French complaisance regarding Italian and German social policies was accompanied by myopia regarding Fascist and Nazi determination to alter the international balance of power. Yet even when such ambitions could no longer be ignored, the residual sympathy for fascism of British policy-makers ensured that their first response would be simply to try to divert such ambitions in an anti-communist, and therefore Eastwards, direction.1 Within that broad aim, the Conservative government adopted a general policy of appeasement with the primary objective of reaching a rapprochement with Fascist Italy to divert Mussolini from aligning with a potentially hostile Nazi Germany and Japan. Given the scale of British imperial commitments, both financial and military, there would be no possibility of confronting all three at the same time. -
Tournament 10 Round 11 Tossups 1
Tournament 10 Round 11 Tossups 1. This author wrote a poem about pursuing a creation “with thimbles,…forks, and hope.” In another work by this author, a story about three sisters who live at the bottom of a well and live off treacle is told by a (*) dormouse. One of his title characters is accompanied by her cat Dinah while following a white rabbit who is employed by the Queen of Hearts. He created Tweedledee and Tweedledum as well as the Cheshire Cat. For 10 points, name this author of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland . ANSWER: Lewis Carroll [or Charles Lutwidge Dodgson] 027-09-11-11102 2. The title figure in one of his paintings is bent forwards, showing the hand of cards she is playing. In addition to that portrait of Mary Cassatt, he showed a weary-eyed woman looking out over a glass of the title beverage in his (*) L’Absinthe . He depicted two men in suits and bowler hats examining the title commodity in his New Orleans Cotton Exchange. A man with a violin sits on the left in a painting depicting his most famous subjects. For 10 points, name this French Impressionist painter, noted for his depictions of horses and ballerinas. ANSWER: Edgar Degas (Day-GA) [accept Hilaire-Germain-Edgar Degas] 002-09-11-11103 3. Misha Gordon witnesses a suicide at the beginning of this work, and that suicide victim's son is friends with Nicky Dudorov. One character in this novel takes on the name Strelnikov, meaning "The Shooter," having been formerly known as (*) Pasha Antipov. -
Los Bombardeos Italianos Sobre El País Valenciano Durante La Guerra Civil Española: Un Estudio Fotográfico
Los bombardeos italianos sobre el País Valenciano dUrante la GUerra Civil española: Un estUdio fotográfico The Italian Bombings over Valencia dUring the Spanish Civil War: A Photographic StUdy Gaspar Díez Pomares Cañada Blanch Centre - LSE, InGlaterra [email protected] Recibido: 3-IV-2016 Aceptado: 4-VII-2016 ResUmen: Durante la Guerra Civil española, el País Valenciano fue una de las zonas más casti - Gadas por los ataques aéreos llevados a cabo por el ejército rebelde en colaboración con sus aliados internacionales, Italia y Alemania. Especialmente destacadas fueron las incursiones perpetradas por la Regia Aeronautica , el ejército aéreo italiano. Desde un punto de vista documental, la importancia de estos ataques por parte de los italianos se encuentra en la disponibilidad de una serie de fotoGrafías tomadas desde los avio - nes en el momento de las incursiones. Gracias a estas fotoGrafías podemos profundi - zar en el conocimiento de los bombardeos a través de su contribución a aspectos y datos no incluidos en la documentación escrita. Esta documentación fotoGráfica hace que sea posible investiGar ciertas características de las incursiones como la secuencia del ataque o los proyectiles lanzados, lo que permite una evaluación e interpretación de las razones de estos bombardeos. Palabras clave : Guerra Civil española, País Valenciano, Bombardeo, FotoGrafía aérea, Aviación italiana. Abstract: DurinG the Spanish Civil War, Valencia was one of the hardest hit areas by the air raids of the rebel army supported by their international allies, Italy and Germany. The attacks carried out by the Regia Aeronautica -the Italian military air faction, were outstand inG. Pasado y Memoria .