7. Catalan Gas Mask
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Global Command Series
GLOBAL COMMAND SERIES v3.0 A Global War Expansion Designed by Will Henson Revision by Hans van der Leeuw & Delaja Schuppers Overview v3.0 HBG’s Spanish Civil War version 3.0 (SCW3.0) expansion provides a new set of rules, pieces and markers to play out this epic conflict within a game of Global War! Here you will find rules for Intervention by foreign powers, new consequences players face for victory (or defeat!), a set of advanced rules for the event markers of which some represent the different historical Factions that got involved in this bloody conflict that ended Spain’s colonial power. 2 Spanish Civil War Set Contents Republican (Plum colored) Nationalist (Yellow colored) · 8 Infantry · 8 Infantry · 2 Motorized Infantry · 2 Motorized Infantry Opel · 4 Artillery 122mm · 4 Artillery 75-7 Veld · 2 Light Armor T-26 · 2 Light Armor 38t · 2 Medium Armor T-34 · 2 Medium Armor Pz III · 2 Fighters I-16 · 2 Fighters FW-190 · 1 Tactical Bomber Su-2 · 1 Cruiser · 1 Medium Bomber IL-4 · 1 Transport · 1 Cruiser · 2 Destroyers · 1 Transport · 1 Battleship España-Class (3D · 2 Destroyers Printed) (Black colored) (Brown colored) · 2 Anti-Aircraft Artillery · 2 Anti-Aircraft Artillery · 1 Air transport (Condor Legion) Markers for specific units Markers for general purpose · 6 Spanish Blue Division Markers · 1 set of 10 Nationalist Roundels · 2 German Condor Legion Markers · 1 set of 10 Republican Roundels · 1 Italian Aviazione Legionaria · 5 Cavalry Markers · 1 Soviet Voluntary Pilots Marker · 5 Mountain Infantry Markers · 1 French Voluntary Pilots Marker · 8 Militia Markers · 6 Communist International Brigade Markers · 2 Army of Africa Markers 12 Event Markers · 4 CTV Markers Battleship España 3 War in Neutral Spain 1. -
Alicante's Cultural Guide
Table of Contents Country Profile: Spain ..................................................................................................................................1-6 Country Overview: History, Quick Facts, Government, Educational System…………………..........................................2-4 Alicante Overview: History, Quick Facts, Economy....................................................................................................4-6 Practical Information ...................................................................................................................................6-9 Making Phone Calls .......................................................................................................................................................6 Emergency Numbers .....................................................................................................................................................7 Handling Money...........................................................................................................................................................7-8 Weather........................................................................................................................................................................8-9 Being a North American Abroad .................................................................................................................9-12 Culture Shock..................................................................................................................................................................9 -
WW2-Spain-Tripbook.Pdf
SPAIN 1 Page Spanish Civil War (clockwise from top-left) • Members of the XI International Brigade at the Battle of Belchite • Bf 109 with Nationalist markings • Bombing of an airfield in Spanish West Africa • Republican soldiers at the Siege of the Alcázar • Nationalist soldiers operating an anti-aircraft gun • HMS Royal Oakin an incursion around Gibraltar Date 17 July 1936 – 1 April 1939 (2 years, 8 months, 2 weeks and 1 day) Location Spain Result Nationalist victory • End of the Second Spanish Republic • Establishment of the Spanish State under the rule of Francisco Franco Belligerents 2 Page Republicans Nationalists • Ejército Popular • FET y de las JONS[b] • Popular Front • FE de las JONS[c] • CNT-FAI • Requetés[c] • UGT • CEDA[c] • Generalitat de Catalunya • Renovación Española[c] • Euzko Gudarostea[a] • Army of Africa • International Brigades • Italy • Supported by: • Germany • Soviet Union • Supported by: • Mexico • Portugal • France (1936) • Vatican City (Diplomatic) • Foreign volunteers • Foreign volunteers Commanders and leaders Republican leaders Nationalist leaders • Manuel Azaña • José Sanjurjo † • Julián Besteiro • Emilio Mola † • Francisco Largo Caballero • Francisco Franco • Juan Negrín • Gonzalo Queipo de Llano • Indalecio Prieto • Juan Yagüe • Vicente Rojo Lluch • Miguel Cabanellas † • José Miaja • Fidel Dávila Arrondo • Juan Modesto • Manuel Goded Llopis † • Juan Hernández Saravia • Manuel Hedilla • Carlos Romero Giménez • Manuel Fal Conde • Buenaventura Durruti † • Lluís Companys • José Antonio Aguirre Strength 1936 -
The Labour Party and the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939
1 Britain and the Basque Campaign of 1937: The Government, the Royal Navy, the Labour Party and the Press. To a large extent, the reaction of foreign powers dictated both the course and the outcome of the Civil War. The policies of four of the five major protagonists, Britain, France, Germany and Italy were substantially influenced by hostility to the fifth, the Soviet Union. Suspicion of the Soviet Union had been a major determinant of the international diplomacy of the Western powers since the revolution of October 1917. The Spanish conflict was the most recent battle in a European civil war. The early tolerance shown to both Hitler and Mussolini in the international arena was a tacit sign of approval of their policies towards the left in general and towards communism in particular. During the Spanish Civil War, it became apparent that this British and French complaisance regarding Italian and German social policies was accompanied by myopia regarding Fascist and Nazi determination to alter the international balance of power. Yet even when such ambitions could no longer be ignored, the residual sympathy for fascism of British policy-makers ensured that their first response would be simply to try to divert such ambitions in an anti-communist, and therefore Eastwards, direction.1 Within that broad aim, the Conservative government adopted a general policy of appeasement with the primary objective of reaching a rapprochement with Fascist Italy to divert Mussolini from aligning with a potentially hostile Nazi Germany and Japan. Given the scale of British imperial commitments, both financial and military, there would be no possibility of confronting all three at the same time. -
Los Bombardeos Italianos Sobre El País Valenciano Durante La Guerra Civil Española: Un Estudio Fotográfico
Los bombardeos italianos sobre el País Valenciano dUrante la GUerra Civil española: Un estUdio fotográfico The Italian Bombings over Valencia dUring the Spanish Civil War: A Photographic StUdy Gaspar Díez Pomares Cañada Blanch Centre - LSE, InGlaterra [email protected] Recibido: 3-IV-2016 Aceptado: 4-VII-2016 ResUmen: Durante la Guerra Civil española, el País Valenciano fue una de las zonas más casti - Gadas por los ataques aéreos llevados a cabo por el ejército rebelde en colaboración con sus aliados internacionales, Italia y Alemania. Especialmente destacadas fueron las incursiones perpetradas por la Regia Aeronautica , el ejército aéreo italiano. Desde un punto de vista documental, la importancia de estos ataques por parte de los italianos se encuentra en la disponibilidad de una serie de fotoGrafías tomadas desde los avio - nes en el momento de las incursiones. Gracias a estas fotoGrafías podemos profundi - zar en el conocimiento de los bombardeos a través de su contribución a aspectos y datos no incluidos en la documentación escrita. Esta documentación fotoGráfica hace que sea posible investiGar ciertas características de las incursiones como la secuencia del ataque o los proyectiles lanzados, lo que permite una evaluación e interpretación de las razones de estos bombardeos. Palabras clave : Guerra Civil española, País Valenciano, Bombardeo, FotoGrafía aérea, Aviación italiana. Abstract: DurinG the Spanish Civil War, Valencia was one of the hardest hit areas by the air raids of the rebel army supported by their international allies, Italy and Germany. The attacks carried out by the Regia Aeronautica -the Italian military air faction, were outstand inG. Pasado y Memoria . -
Casanova, Julían, the Spanish Republic and Civil
This page intentionally left blank The Spanish Republic and Civil War The Spanish Civil War has gone down in history for the horrific violence that it generated. The climate of euphoria and hope that greeted the over- throw of the Spanish monarchy was utterly transformed just five years later by a cruel and destructive civil war. Here, Julián Casanova, one of Spain’s leading historians, offers a magisterial new account of this crit- ical period in Spanish history. He exposes the ways in which the Republic brought into the open simmering tensions between Catholics and hard- line anticlericalists, bosses and workers, Church and State, order and revolution. In 1936, these conflicts tipped over into the sacas, paseos and mass killings that are still passionately debated today. The book also explores the decisive role of the international instability of the 1930s in the duration and outcome of the conflict. Franco’s victory was in the end a victory for Hitler and Mussolini, and for dictatorship over democracy. julián casanova is Professor of Contemporary History at the University of Zaragoza, Spain. He is one of the leading experts on the Second Republic and the Spanish Civil War and has published widely in Spanish and in English. The Spanish Republic and Civil War Julián Casanova Translated by Martin Douch CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo, Delhi, Dubai, Tokyo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521493888 © Julián Casanova 2010 This publication is in copyright. -
“Enriqueta Báez, Una Vida Entre México Y España”
“Enriqueta Báez, una vida entre México y España” “ENRIQUETA BÁEZ, UNA VIDA ENTRE MÉXICO Y ESPAÑA” GRUPO EUSTORY-EL CUERVO 0 Grupo de Investigación EUSTORY-EL CUERVO “Enriqueta Báez, una vida entre México y España” GRUPO DE INVESTIGACIÓN “EUSTORY-EL CUERVO” Componentes: 1. ELENA BELLIDO GUILLÉN 2. DIANA BENÍTEZ DORADO 3. MARÍA DEL MAR CORDERO ARRIAZA 4. LIDIA DE LA CRUZ DOÑA 5. LAURA ELENA ROMERO 6. YOLANDA FERNÁNDEZ MORODO 7. ARANTXA ESTELA GARCÍA FERNÁNDEZ 8. MÓNICA JIMÉNEZ BENÍTEZ 9. GUILLERMO JIMÉNEZ GÓMEZ 10. MERIAM MAZANI TAOALY 11. MARÍA PINEDA GANFORNINA 12. MARÍA ROMERO MUÑOZ 13. CARMEN VEGA ÁLVAREZ Tutor: JAVIER TINOCO DOMÍNGUEZ Todos los componentes son alumnos de 2º de Bachillerato del IES LAGUNA DE TOLLÓN de EL CUERVO DE SEVILLA, durante el presente Curso 2013/14. El Tutor es profesor de enseñanza secundaria, Departamento de Geografía e Historia, y les ha impartido en el presente curso la materia “Historia de España”. 1 Grupo de Investigación EUSTORY-EL CUERVO “Enriqueta Báez, una vida entre México y España” Agradecimientos: A Dª Enriqueta Báez Ramírez, verdadera protagonista de este trabajo, por su colaboración, buen humor y siempre buena disposición para ayudarnos en todo momento. Además, hay que hacer mención de otras personas e instituciones. Estas son, por orden alfabético: Dª María Isabel Jiménez, socióloga, por sus valiosos consejos y apoyo, en especial sobre la preparación y el desarrollo de las entrevistas. Dª Irene Leal, jefa y profesora del Departamento de Francés del IES Laguna de Tollón de El Cuervo de Sevilla, por su ayuda en la traducción de algunas referencias con información del buque Mexique. -
Italia En La Guerra Civil Española: El Capitán Villegas Y El Origen De La Aviación Legionaria De Baleares
MISCELÁNEA Cuadernos de Historia Contemporánea ISSN: 0214-400X http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/chco.66105 Italia en la Guerra Civil Española: el capitán Villegas y el origen de la Aviación Legionaria de Baleares Manuel Aguilera Povedano1 Recibido: 30 de mayo de 2018 / Aceptado: 15 de febrero de 2019 Resumen. Este artículo revela la petición formal de creación y futuro uso de la base aérea italiana en Mallorca que firmó en agosto de 1936 el agregado militar de la Embajada de España en Roma, Manuel Villegas Gardoqui. Asimismo, explora el alcance de este militar como emisario de Franco ante Mussolini. El documento firmado por Villegas da libertad a los italianos para atacar objetivos “de carácter moral” del Levante republicano. Este hecho trascendental, la creación de la base de la Aviación Legionaria de Baleares, no se había abordado en profundidad. Las principales fuentes utilizadas son los archivos del Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores italiano, el Archivo General Militar de Ávila, el Public Record Office (Foreign Office), prensa de la época y los trabajos científicos previos sobre la guerra civil en Mallorca y la intervención italiana en el conflicto: Coverdale, Heiberg, Rovighi/Stefani, Mattioli, Quartararo, Saz, Rizo, Vaquero, Moradiellos, Rodrigo, Viñas, Massot i Muntaner y Martínez Bande, entre otros. Palabras clave: Guerra Civil Española; Italia; Mallorca; Aviación Legionaria de Baleares; Manuel Villegas Gardoqui. Italy in the Spanish Civil War: the origin of the Balearic Legionary Aviation Abstract. This article reveals the formal request for the creation and future use of the Italian airbase in Mallorca signed in August 1936 by the military attaché of the Embassy of Spain in Rome, Manuel Villegas Gardoqui, as well as explores the scope of this figure as emissary of Franco to Mussolini. -
Views and Literary Or Film Awards
(De)humanizing Narratives of Terrorism in Spain and Peru Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Melissa Doran, M.A. Graduate Program in Spanish and Portuguese The Ohio State University 2014 Dissertation Committee: Ulises Juan Zevallos-Aguilar, Advisor Ignacio Corona Aurélie Vialette Copyright by Melissa Doran 2014 2 Abstract Both Spain and Peru experienced protracted violent conflicts between insurgent groups and State forces during the second half of the twentieth century. In Spain, this involved Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA), a radical Basque nationalist organization which sought Basque autonomy via armed struggle in a conflict which lasted from 1959 until 2011. In Peru, the insurgent threat was represented by Sendero Luminoso, a Maoist guerrilla insurgency based in the Peruvian highlands that sought drastic sociopolitical change within Peru. Sendero Luminoso launched what they deemed a people’s war in 1980, and the bloody conflict that ensued continued until 1992. The damage caused by each of these conflicts was monumental, both in terms of the loss of human life and damage to infrastructure in both countries. In this dissertation I examine the depiction of these conflicts in a selection of Peruvian and Spanish novels and films. I argue that each work promotes a certain version of the conflict it describes, and that this can be revealed through an analysis of the humanizing and dehumanizing discourses at play in the representation of the actors in both of these conflicts. From Peru, I will examine Santiago Roncagliolo’s novel Abril rojo (2006) and Fabrizio Aguilar’s film Paloma de papel (2003). -
La Situazione Politica Ed Economica in Spagna Negli Anni
La situazione politica ed economica in Spagna negli anni ’30 Non possiamo affrontare una narrazione storica degli eventi che portarono alla ribellione dell’Esercito spagnolo contro la Seconda Repubblica, senza prima comprendere la particolare situazione politica ed economica della Spagna negli anni che precederono la Guerra Civile in Spagna. All’inizio degli anni ’30 la Spagna presentava gravi problemi socio-economici che provocarono il susseguirsi di inconcludenti alternanze politiche tra la destra conservatrice e le sinistre caratterizzate da continue forti divergenze interne tra loro. Non mancarono alcuni colpi di stato da parte di militari poco organizzati le cui conseguenze furono i numerosi e violenti scioperi generali spesso sedati nel sangue e le insurrezioni popolari contro il clero, che fino allora rappresentava un potere influente al servizio degli aristocratici. Fu pertanto inevitabile la finale caduta della monarchia liberale, rappresentata dallo sfortunato Re Alfonso XIII (orfano dalla nascita, sotto il suo regno verranno perse nel conflitto ispano-americana del 1898 le ultime colonie imperiali di Cuba e Filippine) e la conseguente proclamazione della Seconda Repubblica di Spagna. Agli inizi di ottobre del 1934, una rivoluzione scoppiata nelle Asturie e capeggiata da anarchici e socialisti spinse gli esasperati e sindacalizzati minatori ad occupare la città di Oviedo ed a proclamare la "Repubblica Socialista Asturiana". Furono incendiate chiese e conventi, fucilati sacerdoti di ogni ordine, stuprate donne della borghesia -
25 De Mayo De 1938 Ángel Viñas Hoy Se Cumple El Casi Ochenta
1 25 de mayo de 1938 Ángel Viñas Hoy se cumple el casi ochenta aniversario del bombardeo de esta ciudad por aviones italianos. Hubiera sido impensable que ante el señalado honor con que me ha distinguido esta Universidad no me detuviera en la significación de aquel acto de guerra. De entrada, imploro su perdón por mi osadía. Historiadores especializados, entre ellos varios alicantinos, han explorado el tema mucho mejor y con mayor autoridad. Hoy, me dicen, en el Mercado Central tendrá lugar un acto conmemorativo. Si me atrevo a abordarlo es porque una parte de mi labor como historiador se ha centrado en los vectores internacionales que incidieron sobre la guerra de España. Hace un mes participé en el ochenta aniversario de otro acto de terror cual fue la destrucción de Gernika. Esto me lleva a explorar algunas de las muchas semejanzas, y también desemejanzas, entre ambos acontecimientos. Señalaré, ante todo, las seis semejanzas que me parecen más significativas. Luego abordaré las desemejanzas. ¿Qué contienen las semejanzas? Ambos casos se refieren a centros urbanos En el de Alicante, no se trató de un bombardeo inicial (que tuvo lugar el 5 de noviembre de 1936) pero sí del primero que se dirigió específicamente a una parte, la más poblada, de la ciudad. El día era claro. No hubo señales previas de alarma. Los aviones volaron con pleno conocimiento de dónde debían arrojar sus bombas. La significación militar no contó demasiado. Las pequeñas instalaciones portuarias no resultaron dañadas. En ambos casos hay que preguntarse por las razones que determinaron las destrucciones. Desde la toma de Santander, Mussolini había decidido intensificar la participación italiana en la guerra. -
The Spanish Civil War
� #89: The Spanish Civil War #books #books/rating/★★★ #books/type/non-fiction #books/date/2019/03 Overview On a recent trip to Barcelona, a tour guide mentioned Franco and the Spanish Civil War. I realized that my Virginia education had neglected to fill in those gaps in my historical knowledge, and that I honestly had no idea what had happened to forge modern day Spain. Fortunately, I found this little book at a Picasso museum before I left. While the book itself was a little inaccessible and overly academic, the content was eye- opening. The events that led to the fall of the Spanish Republic have many lessons that are relevant in other struggles today; there were many self-inflicted wounds by the republican-socialist leaders. Many foreigners fought in the Spanish Civil War (including George Orwell—his experiences are chronicled in Homage to Catalonia) Germany and Italy were the main financiers of Franco, supplying troops (some 75,000 from Italy alone), supplies, and planes/ships. Rebel troops even fought alongside the Nazi’s and had active diplomatic relations with Germany until VE Day The bombing of Guernica (the subject of the famous Picasso painting), was truly horrific—Franco bombed his own people, not to hit a military target, but to sap civilian morale. Book Notes CHAPTER 1 - THE ORIGINS OF SPAIN’S CIVIL WAR When Spain “lost its empire” in 1898, its military no longer had a meaningful external defensive role. “It is not the business of historians to engage in counterfactual speculation, but one could argue that what established the preconditions for a successful coup attempt was not Spain’s deep tensions, but republican-socialist failure to implement key policy reforms in 1931-3: most crucially, perhaps, the failure to demilitarize public order.” (pg.