4TH EDITION LOGISTICS & FACILITIES

PROTECT PEOPLE AND PROPERTY IN

Sponsor: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

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Operating since 1982 in the security and surveillance segment, GRABER has been expanding its participation in the sectors of surveillance, personal security, specialized services, electronic security projects, and cargo and vehicle tracking. The company is a pioneer in the provision of integrated security services in Brazil and the first Latin American company to be granted the ISO 9001 Certification. Now holds the ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001, minimizing environmental impact and meeting all the legal requirements of quality, health, workplace safety and environment. It was also the first to introduce the e-learning concept, to offer a 24-hour assistance service for expatriates, and to create a Corporate University to train and provide specialization courses for its over 16,000 employees. We have been partnering with AMCHAM since the American Chamber of Commerce for Brazil - AMCHAM beginning of the “How To Series” because we believe, not only in this project, but also in the professionalism with which the information is provided to international companies. Being able to International Affairs Department contribute in such a simple and objective way is a great pleasure to our company. Brazil, 2013/2014

*This guide is part of the project Vice President, GRABER Segurança, GRABER Serviços ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

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Operating since 1982 in the security and surveillance segment, GRABER has been expanding its participation in the sectors of surveillance, personal security, specialized services, electronic security projects, and cargo and vehicle tracking. The company is a pioneer in the provision of integrated security services in Brazil and the first Latin American company to be granted the ISO 9001 Certification. Now holds the ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001, minimizing environmental impact and meeting all the legal requirements of quality, health, workplace safety and environment. It was also the first to introduce the e-learning concept, to offer a 24-hour assistance service for expatriates, and to create a Corporate University to train and provide specialization courses for its over 16,000 employees. We have been partnering with AMCHAM since the beginning of the “How To Series” because we believe, not only in this project, but also in the professionalism with which the information is provided to international companies. Being able to contribute in such a simple and objective way is a great pleasure to our company.

Vice President, GRABER Segurança, GRABER Serviços LOGISTICS & FACILITIES Content

01 OVERVIEW 06

02 The Police 10

03 Legislation 13

04 Statistics and Regional DifferenCES 16

05 Personal Security 18

06 Business Security 25

07 SERVICE PROVIDERS 30

08 About our SponSOR 35 01. OVERVIEW

Safety has always been a priority in everyone’s life. Today, abuse is a major cause of spurts, such as theft and more than ever, we are concerned about protecting our committed by addicts. In addition, Brazilian cities families, our businesses, and ourselves. And this is true no have witnessed the formation of ‘ghettos’ where addicts matter where you live. Brazil is still a developing country, go to get their fix. These ghettos are called Cracolândia this means it has serious social problems, especially in (Crack Land) in Portuguese. terms of income distribution, education, and health. All these factors make security issues much more complex An important step in the fight against violence was taken here than in more developed countries, where the fabric of by the Government of since 2010. The Rio society is stronger and more structured. police has been steadily implementing an operation to insert the UPP’s – Unidade de Polícia Pacificadora(Police In the last few years, Public Safety issues have been Pacification Units) – in the communities and so take back increasingly more present in the media due to the hike in the shanty towns, known as , from the drug lords. violence in general. The major challenge of society, of the The Police Pacification Units have, as a main difference, Courts, and of Law Enforcement agencies in Brazil will be the constant work of bringing those communities back to to fight and deal with all forms of violence, without hurting believe in police, by being always vigilant on its politeness human rights. In Brazil, the cases of police violence and and avoiding abuse of authority, as said, pretty common in abuse of authority are still very frequent. Such incidents developing countries and most of all in the shanty towns. are seen with repugnance by many strata of society and are This action is still underway and aims at ensuring safety sharply criticized by the media. during the 2014 FIFA World Cup and the 2016 Olympics, in addition to being a landmark in the beginning of a true Brazil also faces a common problem to most western fight against corruption. countries: the growth of drug trafficking and drug use, l ities L ogistics & Faci especially across the young population in all levels of Although unemployment rates are often pointed out as society. And this is not only a problem in large cities. Crack one of the chief causes of the increase in crime rates, this 06 does not actually mirror what takes place in the real world. the past years. However, projections indicate that the Many drug , for instance, are made up of individuals country will close 2013 with a rate of 5.4%. belonging to the middle and upper classes. This is also true in regard to other forms of , such Brazil was one of the countries least affected by the as cargo theft, deviation of goods, burglary to homes in global economic crisis, which reached its peak in closed gated condos, car theft, smuggling, arms trafficking, September 2008. Despite the drop in economic activities bank , armored car robbery, money laundering, and decline in the country’s GDP, Brazil surprised the prostitution, and drug trafficking. world with a speedy recovery. Today, Brazil is no longer dependent on foreign help from entities such as Across the low-income population, generally represented the IMF (International Monetary Fund) to protect and/ by those living in the shanty towns and other needy or rescue its economy. Brazilian government has sought communities, the main reason for entering the crime world is to maintain industrial competitiveness in the country by the so-called “social invisibility” of the poor population and reducing taxes for some types of products, such as cars, the lack of opportunity. The most common crime perpetrated domestic appliances and furniture. The same happens by this population is drug trafficking. Children, teenagers, with the electricity rates, interest rates and some labor and young adults are recruited by drug traffickers, and are costs. However, Brazil is still one of the countries with offered the possibility of making more money than they the higher taxes and charges in the world. Despite the could ever make at a regular job considering their social, efforts of the government in the economic area, Brazil is intellectual, and educational levels. Many of the individuals still a very uncompetitive country in the industrial area, entering the crime scene are likely to become addicted to the with Brazilian exports backed primarily in commodities, drugs they sell, and when this happens they start committing while the volume of imports of manufactured goods has minor , such as petty theft. This phenomenon is also been growing year after year. seen among the homeless in major Brazilian cities. According to data from MDIC (Ministry of Development, Unemployment rates in Brazil, formerly pointed out as the Industry and Commerce) Brazilian trade balance is having main root of crime, have dropped in recent years as a result the worst performance in recent years (since 2000), with of the country’s good economic performance. In general, a surplus of US$ 2.561 billion in 2013. statistics provided by the government statistics institute (IBGE – Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística) Anyway the Brazilian government has shown attention have revealed a drop in unemployment rates in Brazil over to the results of the economy, despite the efforts, the last 07 How T o P rotect eople a nd ropert y i n B ra z il results seem weaker when compared to previous years. Brazilian police was responsible for 1890 deaths, while in The GDP growth by the end of 2013 is estimated at 2.35%, the U.S. (with almost 100 million more inhabitants), the while the inflation rate will close in 4.5%, according with police caused only 410 deaths. The lack of adequate public . policies and the lack of reforms in the police, judiciary and prison system are cited as the main cause of many . The service sector is the fastest growing in Brazil, as result of urbanization, which boosts the activity. A major Another very common type of crime, particularly in difficulty is the current hiring of skilled labor, a fact that the Greater and in the city of Rio de Janeiro, has attracted professionals from other countries. is what call sequestro relâmpago (express or flash kidnapping). Although this crime appears in Along with the good performance of the Brazilian the statistics under the caption robbery, it consists of economy during the crisis and the decrease in abducting victims (often in their own car), forcing them unemployment rates, other measures adopted by the to reveal their pin numbers, stopping at ATMs to make government, such as the Disarmament Act, indicate that withdrawals or using the stolen credit card to make crime rates will tend to decrease. purchases while the victim is being kept by the offenders – usually in his/her own car. The victim is usually According to the Brazilian Forum of Public Safety/ approached while stuck in traffic and later left at an out- UN 2011, Brazil stands as second in the world in terms of-the-way place. People should always be alert to their of homicide rates, with 25.8 murders for each 100,000 surroundings and to whether they are being followed by inhabitants (after Colombia with 33.2 and followed by a suspicious car or motorcycle. They should keep their Mexico, with 23.7). To have an idea, the U.S. has a rate eyes open at traffic lights and avoid stopping too close to of 4.7, Chile of 3.7 and Switzerland of only 0.6. The rate crossings. Whenever suspicious behavior is noticed, it is of intentional homicides in Brazil, according to this same wise to pull over at a gas station, parking lot, or any other forum, has risen 8% per year. The main reasons for these busy place. To avoid the risk of getting shot, never resist. killings are seen as the frequent use of drugs and alcohol Criminals often carry weapons and rarely act alone. and the lack of social education (subculture of violence), especially in the younger population (between 10 and 30 The Brazilian population, tired of these unresolved years old). According to the survey, 70.1% of the population situations by the government, started from June 2013 a l ities L ogistics & Faci does not trust in police, a corporation responsible for 5 series of demonstrations across the country, and also those deaths per day in the country. Statistics show that in 2012, living abroad. The trigger of the onset of the condition 08 was the increase in the bus fares from R$ 3.00 to R$ After these demonstrations, the Federal Government 3.20 in the city of São Paulo (seen as a classic example announced some measures to minimize popular of an expensive and inefficient public service). This dissatisfaction, as hiring of more doctors, discussion to demonstration started in an unusual way: led by young make corruption heinous crime, etc. Brazilian laws are students organized through social networks, in an act generally very lenient to those who commit crimes, and without apparent involvement of any political party, which especially for those who can afford good lawyers, with were repudiated by the protesters. In a few days millions these measures the expectation of the population is that of people protested in almost all Brazilian capitals, mainly things begin to change in the country. against the high political corruption, a lack of investment in health, education, housing and urban transport, due to Brazilian law also strongly protects the criminals who their poor quality. are under 18 years of age, who are called menores infratores (offender minors). No matter how serious In the beginning the demonstrations were peaceful, but the their crimes are, minors are led to a special institution delay in responses by the political class, combined with to reintegrate them into society, called Fundação Casa the inability of the police to act properly (at first using [House Foundation]. They remain reclused for up to excessive force, and later omitting) and the possibility of three years, and when complete the majority they are retaliation from those strata more humiliated by the police, released with a clean criminal record. Riots and mass have led to the infiltration of smaller groups, that vandalized escapes from these establishments are also frequent. public and private property, burned vehicles, stormed Most of the minors return to committing crimes and government buildings and clashed with police in almost are taken back to the Foundation after some time. every demonstrations’ end. Brazilian population protested, Many criminal gangs use minors to assume the in general, against the high costs and amounts expended authorship of the most serious crimes, thus freeing for the construction and renovation of stadiums for the older from being convicts. FIFA World Cup in 2014, while most part of the Brazilians suffer from abandonment and few resources invested in Currently there is also a discussion in the Congress for the country’s infrastructure and social development, in a a legislation to reduce the legal age, but there is a strong background of deep government corruption at all (Federal, resistance from some sectors of society, especially human State and Municipal) levels. rights defenders and the leftist parties. 09 How T o P rotect eople a nd ropert y i n B ra z il 10 Logistics & Facilities in englishsoldier). officer or constable is referred to or addressed as and structures (therefore, an ordinary uniformed police them arestationedinbarracks andusemilitaryranks and becausetheyareorganized inbattalions;many of Forces, theyhavekeptthe namebecauseoftradition longer haveanydirectconnectionwiththe Armed former Brazilianmilitaryregime. Although theyno The name “” is still a legacy from the Civil). (Polícia Police Civil plain-clothes the and PM) namely the uniformed Military Police (Polícia Militar law enforcementisdividedintotwoindependentforces, the BrazilianpolicesystemsisthatinBrazileveryday Perhaps themaindifference betweenthe American and scope ofaction. etc. Each of these forces hastheir own responsibilities and subways, railroads, ports, as such services public specific Navy) hasitsowninternalpoliceorganization, and sodo Each branchofthe Armed Forces(Army, Air Forceand federal, state (uniformed and investigative), and local. in fourtypesoforganizations atthreedifferent levels: deserve specialattention. Main policeforcesareorganized Some special features oftheBrazilian police structure soldado, or or and maintain law andorder, whereasthe role of the Civil Basically, the roleofMilitary Policeistoprevent crime oriented topopulationserving/protecting (civiloriented). “enemy” destruction (military oriented) instead of one violence sometimesisaresultofmindsetoriented to demonstrations ofJune,withanargument thatthePM demilitarization of the PMwasalsoademandinthe This perception is extremely important, since de away fromorganized crimeanddrugtraffic. presence of the Police,aiming to keep those spots community policingbaseswerebuilt,withasteady pacified shantytownsinRiodeJaneirosince2010, local communitiesorspecificneighborhoods. At all closer withandgainingthetrustcooperationof community policing (Polícia Comunitária) by working higher command. They later embracedthenotionof districts, withouthavingtofollowordersfroma act attheirowndiscretionandinitiativeinspecific structure ofthePM.IndependentUnitsarefreeto ( States have created the so-called Independent Units To improve efficiency, in recent years several Companhias Independentes)withintheoverall THE POLICE 02. forces aredescribedbelow: The maincharacteristics of each the fourmajorpolice war tensions,orlaborstrikesinstrategicsectors. logistics ormaterial support incase of majorunrest,drug circumstances, the Armed Forcesarecalledintoprovide police forces incaseofmajorunrest. Underexceptional deployed quickly inanypartofthecountrytobackuplocal (Força NacionaldeSegurançaPública)wascreated to be most major States. In 2005, a National Public Security Force and SWATtrained “shocktroops”(riotsquads) teamsin Guard, buttheBrazilian Military Policehavespecially Brazil does nothaveabranchsimilar to theU.S.National also notuncommonbetweenthetwo. call “honor” and “tradition”. Squabbles andarguments are faced stiff oppositionfrombothsidesbecause of whatthey have them of effectively, all more but crime fight to effort have beenputforwardtointegratethetwoforces,inan cooperate with each other as expected. Several proposals with separate chains of command and do not necessarily or prosecutors. The two forcesare independent bodies and eventually hand oversuspects to the judicial authorities Police istoinvestigate crimes thathavebeencommitted of Justice, the Federal Police investigatecrimes against Organized onnational levelandreporting totheMinistry (Polícia Federal –PF) The FderalPolice website www.dfp.gov.br. reach theFederal Policebydialing194 orvisitingthe bureaucratic steps involved in issuing visas. You can and theirlengthofstay in Brazil. This includes the The Federal Police also control the entry of foreigners report published,in2008. data isavailableonlineandpartofthelastannual and crime prevention in Brazilian highways. This (Polícia control traffic Police for responsible Federal) Highway Rodoviária Federal the as known and uniformedpolicebranchoftheFederalPolice miles. Federalhighwaysarepatrolledbyaspecial agents, foraterritoryofalmost3.3millionsquare only 11,000 aredesignedtopolicework, knownas and hasonlysome13,000members,fromwhich cross a State border. The force is very thinly staffed not haveautomaticjurisdictionoverallcasesthat Unlike theFBI,BrazilianFederalPolicedo international airports. of bordercheckpoints,includingpassportcontrolat control private security companies and are in charge such astheCIA andtheFBI. The FederalPolicealso connected withInterpolandintelligenceagencies crimes thathaveinternationalconsequencesandare or theBrazilianfederalauthorities. They actin smuggling, andanycrimesinvolvingforeigners evasion), internationaldrugtrafficking, international the financialsystem(includingbankfraudsandtax

11 How To Protect People and Property in Brazil 12 Logistics & Facilities . This is the first police unit that a person should call in in call should person a that unit police first the is murder.This in thepreventionofcommon crimes,suchasrobbery, theft,and order inpublicplaces,theMilitary Policearedirectlyinvolved State DepartmentofPublic Safety. Inaddition tomaintaining the commandofStateGovernor andresponddirectlytothe Also organized atStatelevel,theMilitaryPolicefallsunder (Polícia Militar –PM) Militar delegacias, andnotataMilitaryPolicestation. committed byindividualpersonsarealsobroughtat the reports, privatecharges orcomplaints resultingfromcrimes also beaspecialunittocapturewantedpersons.Crime and violenceagainstwomen,tonamebutafew. There may trafficking, drug robbery,kidnapping, bank as such crimes, [deputies] – and special units that deal with specific kinds of regional precincts–calleddelegacias,headedbydelegados Police. Inlarger cities,theCivil Policeforceisdividedinto making arrests. They mayrequest helpfromtheMilitary responsible forinvestigatingmostcommoncrimesand Civil Policeactinsupportofjudicialauthoritiesandare of PublicSafety(SecretariadeSegurançaPública). The State, althoughtheycanalsoreporttotheStateDepartment normally reporttotheSecretaryofJusticerespective These plain-clothesforcesareorganized atStateleveland (Polícia Civil) The CivilPolice y Police

which isaseparateunitofthePMineachState. by the State Highway Police (Polícia Rodoviária Estadual), under thelocal administration. State highways arepatrolled operational atStatelevel,andnot responsibility ofthePM phone number 193 –also falls under the jurisdiction and The FireDepartment (Bombeiros) –toll-free emergency and smallplanes,aswellsomefairlyheavyweaponry. cars andotherutility vehicles, armored cars, helicopters, As an actual “state militia However, their command is assignedtoeach State Governor. they areconsideredamilitaryreserve. The PMdepartmentsofallStatesarecontrolledbythe Army, as authorities. city local with cooperation in squad control traffic specific a maintain also Police Military the areas, urban larger also haveundercoverplain-clothescrimepreventionunits.In nearest MilitaryPolicecommandstation. The MilitaryPolice toll-free emergency number(190)thatconnectsyoutothe case ofanemergency. To facilitateaccess,thereisanationwide of civilunrest, majoraccidents,ordisasters. cases in option first a as used be also may They buildings. keeping watchoutside schools, andguardingpublic neighborhood safety, forexample by patrolling streets, often called Guarda Municipal, responsible for ensuring Some cities have uniformed municipal police forces, (Guarda Municipal) The Municipal Police ”, they are equipped with patrol 03. LEGISLATION Nacional de Administração Penitenciária), the number number the Penitenciária), Administração de Nacional According to theBrazilian BureauofPrisons(Departamento in Congress. be implemented intheshortterm,sinceissueisstalled speeding up legal proceedings. However, it is unlikely to has beenobject of heated debates, mainly with theaim of appeal before havingtocomply. A majorjudicial reform of exhaustingeverypossiblelegal alternative and rightof theright have defendants since is issued, decision final decisions, can lead to cases lasting many years before a well astheabsence of theruleprecedent of higher-court that allow countless number of appeals and new trials, as and antiquated justicesystem.Complicated procedures are often notenforced because ofthe extremely sluggish out adequatepunishmentsforallseriouscrimes, but they consecutive years in jail. The Brazilian criminal laws set the law providesthat no personmay spend more than 30 may differ. Brazil does not have capital punishment, and definition of criminal offenses and the respective punishment kind ofactsthat most other Western countries, although the The Brazilian criminal laws prohibit basically the same General creates fertile ground for escape and rebellion. creates fertilegroundforescapeandrebellion. fact mirrorsBrazil’s poorpublicpolicymanagementand are usuallysubjectedtocruel and inhuman treatment, this (740,000). Brazilianprisonsareovercrowdedandprisoners the US(2.2millions),China(1.6andRussia according totheBBCBrasil(May2012),onlybehind currently thefourthbiggestprisonpopulationinworld, going from232,755in2000to548,0032012.Brazilhas of inmatesinBrazilmorethandoubledrecentyears, customers more roomforchoice,ithasalso madeitmore While the growthinprivate security companies has given guards, whenunregistered part-timers areincluded. figures suggest that there are as much as 1 million private Some combined. forces police different the in officers security guards inBrazil, against some 400,000police that thereareapproximately 600,000 registeredprivate protection to people and property. Unofficial data suggest perception that lawenforcement doesnotoffer satisfactory hike, largely in responseto the growth ofcrime and a The private security industry isexperiencing a steady Private Security

13 How To Protect People and Property in Brazil difficult to identify the ideal service supplier. The major firm can be held jointly liable under the law for all taxes risk when contracting a substandard service is placing a and contributions, not to mention fines and other applicable false degree of trust in a certain supplier and believing charges. The best way to avoid this risk is to require the security that you or your property will enjoy a certain degree of company to provide copies of its official tax and social security protection the supplier in question is not able to deliver. contribution payment slips. The law imposes a 12 x 36 system This problem may be hard to identify at first, and it might for workers in the private security sector. In other words, after only come to light when it is too late. It is also important 12 hours of work, these workers are entitled to 36 hours of rest. to be aware that hiring a substandard security service can Although this rule helped increase the number of job openings unleash many other problems. in the sector, it also entailed higher costs.

Labor Further information on labor laws is available in the other booklets of this series. When hiring the services of a private security company, some legal implications must be taken into account. In the Joint Liability past, it was common for guards to be hired directly by the companies or private individuals for whom they would The Brazilian legal principle of joint liability is also applicable work. In this case, the employer would be responsible for to damage to property and pain and suffering caused by a paying all taxes and social contributions required by law. private security guard. A party can claim damages against the offender and his/her direct employer. For example, if Today companies and individuals usually outsource a bank guard fires against a customer for whatever reason, security services to specialized companies. However, the customer can initiate civil action seeking compensation under the Brazilian labor laws, whenever a person works for property damages and pain and suffering, although self- for a fixed number of hours, an employment relationship defense may be a mitigating circumstance. Normally, the is established with the company or head of the household, bank guard will not have enough money to pay the damages even when the contract was actually signed with a third awarded, so his employer – the security company which party, i.e. the security company. employed him – will be held jointly liable.

If the security company fails to pay the taxes and/or social The principle of joint liability is set out in the Brazilian Civil l ities L ogistics & Faci security contributions due in connection with that person, the Code and is frequently invoked. It applies to all employment company or individual who hired the services with the security situations, not only to private security companies. 14 When a security company uses its own guards, who are hired the event that neither the guard nor the security company on the company’s own payroll, then the security company has enough assets, the company that hired the guard may may be held jointly liable. However, if the security company be the only defendant able to pay. is cutting costs and using outsourced guards without a formal employment contract, then the company or individual hiring Therefore, it is important to hire security companies on the service may be held jointly liable and face civil action. In sound financial footing and with a good reputation.

15 How T o P rotect eople a nd ropert y i n B ra z il 16 Logistics & Facilities faced with the highest crime rates and safety problems. faced withthe highestcrimeratesandsafety problems. wealthiest inBrazil, andnotsurprisingly, theyarethe regions seaports arelocated. The southandsoutheastregionsare the transport infrastructure,and wherethemainairportsand the regionswithhighest volumeofinvestment,thebest companies are located. These are regions ofBrazil,wheremostmajor scenario inthesouthandsoutheast This bookletbasicallyaddressesthe vary greatly. practices and crime patterns can This meansthatlawenforcement very different schooling rates. social and economic features and the country, each State has itsown regulations are uniform throughout data. While criminal laws and it difficult to gather reliable unified methodology andsources,making information, conflicting shows unreliable. Even worse, the sparse data available often and private security companies are incomplete or Unfortunately, Brazilian statistics on crime, security STATISTICS ANDREGIONALDIFFERECES decline inhomiciderates,dataprovided by 10% between2008and2009.Ontheother city, SãoPaulo,therateoftheft,robbery, the DepartmentofPublicSafetyrevealed a considerableincrease inthenumberof motor vehicletheft(0.08%).Despitethe insignificant reduction inthenumberof hand, there wasaslightdecrease inthe and motorvehicletheftgrew more than homicide rate(2.63%),andanalmost offenses insomeregions. Figures showthatinBrazil’s largest signals inall prisons. and seeking technological solutions to block cell phone criminal masterminds and themoredangerous criminals, also planningtobuildmore maximumsecurityprisonsfor penalties for some categories of crimes. The government is from homicides, since the other crimes, in many times, however, it is knownthat the mostreliable data are those Unfortunately, noother data was published since then,

. improve thelawsbyincreasing government isdevotingefforts to ending urbanwar. The Brazilian have lost their lives in this never- crop andlivestock. aiming agricultural machinery, dynamite and farm robberies, hostages, ATM explosion with reported bank robberies with places. In thoseareas,ithasbeen previously reminded as safer crimes in thecountryside cities, It isalsonoticed an increase in are notregistered by thevictims. Many criminals andpolicemen 04. (RO),andMossoró(RN), alongwith operation –Catanduvas(PR),CampoGrande(MS), Four maximum security prisons are currentlyin 208 prisoners. after many years. Each one has the capacity for planning in still is which (DF), Brasília in one

17 How To Protect People and Property in Brazil 05. PERSONAL SECURITY

Introduction Only a minority of people go so far as to hire personal bodyguards. However, anyone who already has the habit of Despite Brazil’s deep social inequalities, one should not using such services can find skilled professionals in Brazil, have to give up a comfortable lifestyle in order to be able provided, of course, that due care is taken in recruiting to feel and enjoy a minimum degree of security. Being alert them. Many people find that a professional driver is a good and aware is a must in today’s world, but this should not alternative. A well-trained driver will increase your family become paranoia. By taking a few basic safety precautions, mobility and be able to steer you away from potentially it is quite possible to live, work, and get around in reasonable dangerous areas or situations. For those who do not speak safety without sacrificing freedom and peace of mind. Portuguese, this can be a particularly attractive option. Also, the use of armored cars has been increasing in Driving and Walking Around Brazil, significantly improving security against robberies and kidnappings in traffic, which has become increasingly Perhaps the best technique to ensure personal safety when chaotic on most major Brazilian cities, especially during walking or driving around any major city is to get into the peak hours. It is common for people to waste time in traffic habit of not carrying large sums of money or an excessive on their daily commutes or going to and from work. number of credit cards and checkbooks. Carry only the items you are sure you will need. Similarly, ostentatious A few simple rules will make driving safer. Always keep jewelry, a prominent wallet and casually slung shoulder the windows closed in traffic, drive and stop at a fair from bags are all likely to attract muggers. You will be safer the car in front of you. Most major Brazilian cities have if you walk with a purposeful air and stick to places you good defensive driving courses that teach you how to avoid know. Avoid public lavatories and dark or empty streets, muggers and escape from dangerous situations. If you are particularly at night or early in the morning. Also, avoid involved in an accident, remember that more than half of l ities L ogistics & Faci automatic cash dispensers unless located in safe areas, like Brazilian drivers carry some kind of insurance cover, so avoid inside shopping malls, for example. getting into an argument. Make sure to at least write down 18 the time and place of the accident and the license plate of the been numerous cases of criminals placing rocks or other vehicle, as well as the name and phone number of any similar items on highways to provoke punctures, witness. If you can still drive your car, head for the nearest particularly at night. If possible, keep driving – even Police station (delegacia) and fill out an accident report form if slowly – until you reach a safer spot to stop, like a gas (boletim de ocorrência). Note that under Brazilian traffic station, for example, and assess the damage. Remember law you are not required to call the police to the spot or wait that it is better to wreck a wheel rim than to be mugged for them, unless someone has been hurt. or robbed. In case you realize you are being followed by car or motorcycle, look for somewhere safe to enter and For those accidents, with victims or injured, avoid removing notify the police by calling 190. If you notice suspicious them whenever is possible, because in case of fractures, it can people or vehicles close to your house, never open the only worsen the situation. Signal the location and immediately door. Look for a safe and busy location, call the police, reach for the rescue service, by calling 193. According to and wait for help. WHO – World Health Organization, Brazil is the fifth in the ranking of traffic accidents, behind , China, USA Another useful tip is never to stay or leave children alone and Russia. In 2010 there were 146,000 registered victims in a parked vehicle or at home, even when the doors are of traffic accidents in country, with an average of 43,000 locked, it is dangerous and also considered crime in Brazil. deaths per year, and from those, nearly half took place in the Southeast Region. Most victims are motorcyclists, which If the worst happens and you are the victim of a robbery, generally exhibit reckless behavior, traveling in large cities the cardinal rule is not to react. Try to stay calm and hand between larger vehicles and speeding. Secondly comes the over whatever they ask for. Do not confront your assailant pedestrians running over, followed by speeding and drunk in any way, try not to cry or lose control, and do not try driving victims. Brazilian law is still too lenient towards to prevent the criminal from escaping. Remember that traffic accidents, where few are actually arrested. the average robbery lasts three minutes or less, although it may actually seem a little longer. The best advice, Be careful if you have a minor accident at night or a therefore, is to get it over with as quickly as possible. blowout in an out-of-the-way place – it may be the work of someone trying to mug you or even steal your Family Security car. It is not uncommon for criminals to deliberately provoke a minor accident to force their victim to Family members should be instructed on the basic stop, even in downtown traffic. Similarly, there have safety tips contained in this booklet, in particular how 19 How T o P rotect eople a nd ropert y i n B ra z il 20 Logistics & Facilities strangers. Major Brazilian cities are wellcoveredwithcell advised notto accept rides oranythingtoeatdrink from In Brazil as inanycountry, children should bestrongly history ofcateringtosecurity-conscious foreigners. given thattheseestablished, traditional schools have along and Escola Americana – suchchecking is unnecessary, Paulo and – Graded,Chapel, PACA, St.Paul’s day. Forthemajor American andEnglishschoolsinSão procedures when students are picked up at the end of the safety school’s the and profile student security, building emergency. Itisalsoworthchecking out basicitems like day-to-day risksandreducestraveltimeincase of an live closetotheschoolofyourchoice. This minimizes Try tochooseaschoolcloseyourhomeor, alternatively, School services, friends,localfamily, andyourownoffice. hospital and fire police, nearest the in punch numbers, dial have atelephone that can beprogrammed to include speed occupations, or numberofpeopleinthehousehold.Ifyou particular regarding thefamily members’ names,address, out any kind of information by phone or via Internet, in never to openthe door to strangers and never to give At home,children andhouseholdstaff shouldbeinstructed to settheexample. the mostimportantthingisforheadoffamily to staysafeonthestreetsandwhiledriving.However, tools forkeepingtabsontheirkidsfromadistance. useful these find parents many and etc.,, Internet, phone, Security intheHoseold roofies in the people’s beverages aiming at stupefy them stupefy at aiming beverages people’s the in roofies insert gangs that happens It briefly. if even supervision, a glasswithyourdrinkon thetable and leave it without preferable to useit.Itisalsorecommended not toleave attention. Where there is a locker or a cloakroom, it is on the table or chairs without your supervision and constant attention to yourpersonalbelongings bynotleaving them nightclubs, snackbarsandairportsisimportant to pay When attending to hotels,restaurants, pubs,cafes, Security at leisuretime after dark,forexample. that you can avoid these at other less convenient times; weekday tolearn abouttheneighborhood’s hotspots,so closest hospital and police station. Also, chooseabusy Another usefulbasictipistomemorize the locationof neighborhoods veryclosetothem. especially Rio deJaneirohaveanumberofupper-class harder tofollowthanit sounds, because São Pauloand proximity to shantytowns–asimple advice that may be place of work.However, itisequally wise toavoidclose one thatisreasonablyclosetoyourselected school and It isalwayspreferable to live in awell-located neighborhood, and then steal them or even kidnap victims. This scam is large amounts of money. Gangs often observe people called “boa noite Cinderella”. who withdraw greater amounts, following and robbing them right after. The military police usually conducts “blitz” (a derivation by extension of meaning from the German term “blitz” A House or an Apartment? – lightening, meaning an unexpected roadblock that usually mobilizes a large number of officers and police This is one of the most crucial questions concerning home apparatus), especially at night in some places in order security in Brazil. In general, a house is more vulnerable to measure the level of alcohol for drivers. Therefore, than an apartment. But living in an apartment building it is recommended not to drive vehicles after drinking means sharing common areas with people and employees alcoholic beverages. who are not of your choice, whom you do not really know, and whose background may not be appropriate. When you go out to walk, run or bike, take the same In the end, there are so many variables that it is nearly precautions mentioned before, that is, pay attention to impossible to give a final answer. the environment and not attend to wilderness, dark and suspicious places and try not display jewelry, valuable Many apartment buildings, even in middle or upper-class watches or valuable things on the streets. condos, offer little security. Worse still, many apartment buildings create an illusion of security. In reality, their Also, it has been usual assaults to beach goers (known as systems are inadequate and their security guard falls “arrastões” or “drag outs”), conducted by juvenile gangs short from being a poorly skilled and a poorly trained that pass in large numbers pulling people’s things that is on watchman. However, today it is possible to afford a the sand. The beaches where the majority of these assaults house or an apartment building in Brazil the same level occur are those closer to the major capitals such as Rio of security that would be required in a similar situation de Janeiro, São Vicente, Santos, Guarujá, , etc. in the United States. As always, common sense dictates a Therefore it is recommended not to take valuables, large balance between cost and benefit. sums of money, many credit cards, wallets, smartphones, tablets, laptops, cameras, backpacks and bags. Gated Communities

To withdraw cash at ATMs or banks, try to do it in safe Gated communities, known as in Brazil as condomínios places, such as malls or companies. Try not to wander with fechados [gated condos] are generally safer. However, it 21 How T o P rotect eople a nd ropert y i n B ra z il 22 Logistics & Facilities project may include sirens, silent alarms, and panic buttons effect. Depending onthe needs of the family, asecurity that in Brazil, simple audio sirens havelittle deterrent professional monitoring of thebuilding. Experience shows Any goodsecurity audit and project will include constant installations and procedures,butalsothefamily’s lifestyle. security audit,includingnotonlythebuilding’ssecurity complete a commission to be should step first Ideally,the identify itsweaknesses. adequately analyze thesafetyof currentsystemand but only a company that specializes in home security can automatic door arrangement can beanusefulsafetyfeature, together withtheresident. Therefore, someformof safety. In70% ofburglaries, the burglar entersthebuilding Alarms and window bars are no guarantee of residential Electronic SafetySystems recruiting procedure. employees and whether employees are submitted to a the strict ofhiring incharge is who out find to advisable is it interfere in the choice of condo’s employees. However, It isuncommonforanewresidenttohavethepower observation, andclosed-circuit TV attheentrancegate. hour check-in system for visitors and residents, perimeter closed-circuit TV. Also, thecondoshouldatleasthavea24- areas, whichideally should becontrolled by a24-hour is advisabletocheckthesecuritysysteminallcommon to bechecked. hideouts and overall location vulnerability will also need doors, andstreetpatrols.Illumination, vegetation, potential around thehouseandincars,closed-circuit TV, electric and should be informed of yourtravel plans only when receive casual guestsor distantrelatives in yourhouse Household staff should, on noaccount, be allowed to they may, for example, be plotting a burglary or kidnap. longer thannecessarymay notbecompletely innocent – sellers, utilities repair men andotherswhohangaround immediately. Any newpresenceshouldbenoted.Popcorn suspicious people in the neighborhood and to advise you Household employeesshouldbeinstructed to watch for your propertywhenyouareaway. sources ofprotection, and whocanat least keep aneyeon amongst the group of people who are one of yourprimary such a neighborhood watch scheme may cause resentment professional security system. Refusing to participate in in, eventhoughsucharrangements donotreplace a proper, nighttime watchman, it is highlyrecommended that you join If theother houses onyourstreet pay fora daytime or security guards beregistered atthenearest police station. inside oroutsidethehouse. The lawrequiresthatallprivate background. This is true whether the person will work especially a security guard, befully aware ofthe person’s It isabsolutely essentialthat anyonehiringanemployee, Guards andEmployees necessary. Always treat household staff with respect and Another reason why statistics must be viewed with a make sure you respect their rights under the Brazilian labor certain degree of caution is the following: among all laws. All staff must have their position registered in their serious crimes, kidnapping is – together with rape – least official Labor and Social Security ID (Carteira de Trabalho likely to be reported to the police or to be made public. e Previdência Social) and be paid fully on the due date. That said, the general decline in kidnapping rates is a Remember that a couple of days’ delay in payment for a reflection of a number of factors and trends: poor person may cause problems that a better-off family cannot imagine, and lead to resentment. • Sound and well-organized Anti-Kidnapping Divisions – Divisão Anti-Sequestro (DAS) Major Brazilian cities have – connected to the agencies that is specialized in in major cities, which have been finding, vetting, and placing helping track and break up crime household staff. Before using The Civil Police reported 346 cases syndicates specializing in this type such services, however, it is wise of aggravated kidnapping in 2004 and 475 of crime. to seek independent references in 2005, in Brazil. In 2004, the southeast about the company. Some region accounted for 28% of those cases •3 A change in the profile of agencies may offer to handle and in 2005, this number jumped to 39%. In victims. Successful businessmen the contractual arrangements 2004 and 2005, the States with the highest continue to be targeted, but since of household staff, registering rates of aggravated kidnapping were traditionally potential victims them in the agency name. In this and . In terms began to hire professional case, the remarks on Brazilian of number of offenses per 100 thousand security, many kidnappers laws made in the chapter about inhabitants, the highest rates are in the have turned their attention to Legislation will apply and should State of Santa Catarina . professionals, shopkeepers, and be carefully read and considered. middle-class students. kidnapping • A change in the modus operandi. In a typical kidnapping, the victim is taken to a prepared hideout for several days According to the American news website Huffington Post, during negotiations. However, criminals have been now in 2011 Brazil figured among the most dangerous countries opting for what Brazilians call sequestro relâmpago (flash for tourists regarding kidnapping. kidnapping), where the victim is held for a few hours 23 How T o P rotect eople a nd ropert y i n B ra z il 24 Logistics & Facilities through the Internet. It is vital not to provide any personal A large numberofcrimesareplannedand perpetrated Information Security see whoorhowmanypeopleareinsidethecar. your vehicleisalsorecommended, so thatrobberscannot driving in the city. Having a car window tint applied to people always keep car windows closed, especially when withdrawals, forexample. The police also recommend that trend bylimiting theamount ofnighttime cash dispenser Authorities havetakensomemeasurestocounteract this increased exponentially in mostmajor Brazilian cities. they aredriving,etc. This iswhythistypeofcrime has at random according to the way they are dressed, the car and requirelessplanning–victims are normally chosen Flash kidnappings arelessriskyforthecriminals involved or leavingthecar, orathome. the victim is normally approached in traffic, when entering who may have access to banksafes.Inthistype of crime, withdrawals. Other targets are bank managers or cashiers, is held under guard at home while a member makes the to empty the victim’s bank accounts. Sometimes the victim while thegroupusesstolenbankcardsandcheckbook case yourcomputerisstolen. so youcanhaveeasyaccesstoallyourinformation in computer datainasafelocationisalsoveryimportant, firewall. Keeping and updating a backup copy of all your always tokeepanupdatedanti-virusprogram and or downloadprogramsfromunknownorigins, and advisable nevertoopene-mailsfromunknownsenders buy fromwell-known,reliablecompanies.Itis also information. When shoppingonline,itis important to even sending a malware (Trojan horses) to steal banking to sendfakee-mailmessagesrequestingbankdataor Another very common practice among criminals is through tabletsorsmartphones. what kindofwebsiteschildren arevisiting,eventhough children. Another recommendation is to periodically check to payattention tochangesinbehaviororhabitsofthe important is It encounters. sexual for exchange in benefits been committed by criminals whopromisegiftsandother chats and onlineforums.Manycrimes of pedophilia have and teenagerstoengageconversationswithstrangersin kids andteenagers. Itisalsoimportant to prevent children social networks orchats. This is especially recommended for addresses, salary, place of studyorwork,pictures, etc., in names, gender, asage, such information confidential or 06. BUSINESS SECRITY that thesecurity staff workcloselywithHuman Resources, departments and the senior management. It is also advisable in charge of security must have direct access to the other clearly supported by the company’s directors. The division procedures recommended by suchadvisorsbe fully and are located. It isimportant that the internal security premises company’s the where region specific the within and toanylocal requirement that may be applicable requirements Brazilian the to policy office’s security head Such advice will help the company properly adapt the and the most usual problems occurring in the specific area. rules theBrazilian in experience long with firm security why it is essential to seekadvice from areputable private that may lead to less rather than more security. This is practices isaninsularandshort-sightedviewoftheworld economic and social reality. Insistingonuniformglobal security policy meansadaptingglobal rules tothe local everyone involved must understand that an effective by theirheadquarters.However,policies laiddown subsidiaries ofmultinational companiestofollowthe policies, anditisacommonpractice for Brazilian Major companies usually have their own internal security Introduction to theattentionofappropriatemanagers. to ensurethat any security issue isimmediately brought party, oftenacompetitor. behavior is usually initiatedorinduced byathird secretaries, orphotocopier operators. This type of by juniorstaff members,suchasoffice couriers, of valuablecorporatesecrets, havebeenperpetrated documented cases of industrialespionageortheft to sensitiveandvaluableinformation;numerous staff members are not the only ones with access be appliedatalllevels,includingtodirectors.Senior Therefore, inthehiringprocess,securityrulesshould potential ofcausingmajordamagetothebusiness. expensive than hiring an employee who may have the use duringthehiringprocessispositivelyfar less Having adequatevettingproceduresinplacefor topic). Inanycase,thefollowingremarksapply. Resources orbythird party consultants (see inthe next practices, whichareimplemented eitherbyHuman Every major company has itsownhiring policies and Recruiting

25 How To Protect People and Property in Brazil Taking some basic precautions can minimize the risk of shows past convictions or current charges. Any Human taking on the wrong employee. Obviously, the following Resources department can assist you in this matter. do not replace ordinary procedures for the evaluation of personal skills, educational background, professional Checking the applicant’s employment record is equally qualification, personal adaptability, experience, etc.: important. The number of potential employers who take a résumé at face value, without confirmation, is surprisingly • Psychological evaluation: A psychological high. Common sense dictates that at least three or four assessment is used only when hiring people that former employers should be contacted, preferably via will fill management or senior positions. However, an independent contact. The immediate superior of the a sound in-house security policy should adopt such candidate is a good start. Reasons for leaving the previous testing at all levels. The type of test to be applied can employment should always be discussed, and it is wise to vary according to the type of position to be filled. listen carefully for veiled criticism coming from a former supervisor/colleague who does not wish to criticize too • Psychological testing can be carried out by the openly. This contact should be made by an experienced HR staff. However, if they lack the necessary skills, Human Resources professional. testing can be contracted from a number of reliable service providers, at least in São Paulo. Outsourcing Human Resources Functions The test most widely used in Brazil is PMK – myokinetic psychodiagnosis –, which is designed to map basic Historically, Brazilian companies have used internal Human character traits and personality deviations, such as Resources departments. Today these activities can be fully aggression. The PMK test provides a general guideline or partially outsourced without posing any security risk. rather than a conclusive diagnosis. If the test reveals One frequently used option is to outsource the recruiting potentially undesirable character traits, further testing functions and maintain in-house HR professionals to deal may be required before reaching a final conclusion. with the day-to-day relationship with the staff. In any case, companies must insist on following all rules laid down in Criminal history is a golden rule of professional recruiters to the company security policy. obtain independent information about the life and past of job l ities L ogistics & Faci applicants. Police departments issue a declaration of criminal When HR functions are outsourced, the company must make record – Dispositivo de Verificação Criminal (DVC) – which sure to select a reputable service provider who has the proper 26 structure and experience to adequately meet the company’s a major target for internal and external threats. Systems needs. There is no point in laying down effective security are not less vulnerable to external hackers just because guidelines if they are then placed in the hands of people or they are located in Brazil and, while firewalls and other companies that are not capable of implementing them. software protection are essential, they are rarely enough to ensure sufficient security. One option is to physically Products, Company Secrets and isolate the R&D LAN from the company’s network, Information although, this can cause operational problems. São Paulo and some other major Brazilian cities have a number Internal information from any department, but particularly of fairly advanced companies offering computer safety from R&D, can frequently be worth far more than a consulting, but, as always, it is essential to look around truck-load of the company’s products. In Brazil, as in and seek independent references. any modern consumer economy, beating the competition by a few months can often be decisive in the fight for Companies must also consider the internal IT risk posed survival. It is, therefore, just as important in Brazil as it by wayward employees. There are various options is in any other country that companies minimize the risk available to minimize the risk, but none of them is of information theft. The first step to minimizing risk is perfect. That is why most companies seek advice from carefully selecting the employees that will be given access IT security consultants. to sensitive information. In this case, R&D will usually be a first choice, but other areas cannot be ignored. It is also E-MAIL fundamental to establish and apply rigid rules for day-to- day access to critical areas, and to ensure that employees E-mail is another important issue that may pose a threat do not leave such areas with valuable material. And it to company information security. Doing business has is always important to remember that a sloppy security become increasingly difficult without open access to system can encourage a potential thief to take the plunge e-mail for virtually all office employees. This opens up believing that he will not get caught. opportunities for persons interested in defrauding the company to slip out information. Firewalls and passwords Information Technology is a particularly sensitive field. are only part of the solution. It is also advisable to record No R&D section can function without its computers, and store all incoming, outgoing and internal e-mail which will inevitably be linked in a Local Area Network messages for at least two years. Companies should explain (LAN) and hooked up to the Internet. This IT structure is to employees that all e-mail messages on the company 27 How T o P rotect eople a nd ropert y i n B ra z il system may be read by authorized company security staff, theft. This type of crime has grown in Brazil in recent including attached files. To ensure that the recording is years due to the participation of organized crime. complete, all e-mail should be routed through a dedicated Today, this is the worst security and logistics problem server and individual modems should be prohibited at faced by many industries. The most affected sectors any level and in any department. The company’s e-mail are household electronics, cigarettes, fine chemicals policy must be broadly and repeatedly communicated to (including pharmaceuticals), and fertilizers. The main employees. Although such precautions do not eliminate all issues are: risks, they can help minimize them. • The highway network has grown without an Recent court decisions in the United States suggest that adequate central planning. Today, Brazil has judges have been regarding the company’s e-mail systems thousands of miles of highways inadequately as part of the company’s working environment, and not maintained or policed; as personal correspondence. Therefore, courts have been acknowledging the company’s right to read employee e-mail • The city and highway police departments are messages without this constituting a violation of privacy. generally poorly structured and under-equipped; Most companies in Brazil assume that no correspondence they lack efficient interstate coordination; sent or received via a company computer is privileged. • Laws are defective; cargo theft remains under the Logistics and In-House Theft State Police responsibility without the involvement of the Federal Police, not even when the goods cross Brazil is a continental country, but its cargo transport state lines, which hinders investigation; system is like a small country, with the majority of long- distance freight being moved by truck rather than rail or • The Brazilian justice system can be extremely slow; waterways (which are significantly less expensive for heavy bulk freight over long distances). This deficiency imposes • Many manufacturers and transporters do not apply significant costs on the economy, which the government is the highest security standards. now trying to remedy. Most of the cargo theft occurs mainly in the north and l ities L ogistics & Faci For some companies, using land-based freight, northeast, where law enforcement is weaker and less especially roads, makes cargo more vulnerable to organized than in the south and southeast. 28 Despite these problems, it is possible to have modern its internal security problems will hardly be able to deal world-class security services in Brazil, and many modern with a more difficult issue – external security. manufacturers and carriers are adopting advanced anti- crime technologies and techniques, which include satellite Fraud: Brazilian companies also report a growing truck tracking through GPS. Some companies have adopted incidence of in-house theft via adulteration of waybills truck convoys, running only at daytime and with covert and invoices. This is particularly true for consumer escort vehicles. However, there is a general acceptance that products that are both of high value and easily a significant portion of the blame for the high incidence disposable, such as cigarettes and pharmaceuticals. The of cargo theft lies with companies that operate inefficient most vulnerable internal departments are accounting, internal security and control systems. In many cargo heists invoicing, and ware housing, and the best policy there is a company employee involved. This involvement to prevent this type of crime is through continuing may be active participation, or the involuntary help of internal auditing. someone who gossips about dates, times, routes, and content of shipments. Experience in the aspects of the business in Some companies seek to deter internal fraud by Brazil and in others countries show that a stricter internal introducing covert security staff into critical departments control can significantly reduce vulnerability to this type to detect the involvement of employees. This policy of crime. has potential implications for labor relations. In theory, honest employees have nothing to fear and no reason Inventory theft: several companies frequently experience to object, but, in practice, management spying, once inventory shrinkage. Once again, this can be minimized discovered – as it almost always is – can be very likely to through a good security and control program. cause dissatisfaction among good and loyal employees. Hence, using such techniques should be carefully In-house theft and external cargo theft are to a certain evaluated in advance with the help of experienced extent connected, because a company that cannot resolve consultants. 29 How T o P rotect eople a nd ropert y i n B ra z il 07. SERVICE PROVIDERS

Overview little point in checking the reputation of a corporate service provider if that company is negligent when hiring staff, Today the modern sectors of the Brazilian economy are the posing a potential threat. same modern sectors of developed nations. It is common to have third parties providers of critical services working within Labor risk: As discussed in the introduction of this booklet, the company. These providers often have access to sensitive under the Brazilian laws a company outsourcing a service may information of considerable commercial value. Therefore, be held jointly responsible for the payment of labor benefits such service providers must receive the same attention as and other liabilities. Corporate service providers whose rates the company staff when it comes to security issues. When are significantly below the market rates may be evading contracting providers for sensitive services, in addition to the taxes and failing to make payroll deductions. Therefore, it normal considerations of price and quality, a company should is essential that service providers be thoroughly investigated adopt the following security practices: before final contracting to make sure that they are compliant with all relevant legislation. Companies should repeat this Criminal risk: A company’s confidential information verification procedure at regular intervals during the period of concerning a product or potential deal can be stolen by any the contracted service. person with physical or computer access to the company, irrespective of that person’s relationship with the organization. Private Security Companies Therefore, it is advisable that any person receiving such access authorization undergo prior vetting. Also, the security staff Brazilian laws stipulate that private security companies must should consider the need of extending vetting to support staff be inspected and regulated by the Federal Police. Ideally, such as cleaners, couriers, and maintenance staff. prior to hiring any services, clients should request the security company to provide an updated copy of its authorization to l ities L ogistics & Faci Finally, companies should always check the hiring policies operate, published in the official gazette (Diário Oficial), as well of their outsourced service providers. After all, there is as a copy of its operating license (Alvará de Funcionamento). 30 In Brazil, each State has a Federal Police office (DELESP transport of valuables, training programs for guards, and – Private Security and Control Station) responsible for such internal company security services. The sector is governed supervision and for clearing any further doubts. In São Paulo, by Federal Law No. 89,056 of November 24, 1983 and by said office is located at Rua Hugo D’Antola, no. 95 – Lapa Ordinance No. 992 issued by the Ministry of Justice on de Baixo – Zipcode 05038-090, phone number +55-11-3538- October 25, 1995, and all other applicable laws. 5000. In Rio de Janeiro, it is located at Av. Rodrigues Alves, no. 1 – Centro – Zipcode 20081-250, phone number +55- Infrastructure and 21-2203-4390. Official information on security companies Installations can be obtained with both offices, provided that a request for information is filed at the reception. Manufacturing Companies

In addition to the documents mentioned in the overview of As discussed earlier, some companies try to implement this chapter, it is also advisable to request the following: global security policies without due regard to local circumstances. One peculiarity often found in Brazil is to • Operating license and authorization, issued annually; install plants away from major urban areas, which may be a problem for employee commuting, raw material supply, • Security certificate; and product shipment, among others. Companies will also want to avoid locations close to shanty towns and • Recent documents demonstrating that the company make sure that the proposed site has safe access routes. is financially sound; Strategic security planning should be incorporated • Receipts of payment of all Federal, State, and into industrial projects from the start and be based on Municipal taxes; a professional analysis of the risks involved. If this is conducted at the right time, it will be possible to • Federal and clearance certificates (certidões incorporate safety and security features into the project negativas) demonstrating that the company is not a in a cost-efficient manner, rather than having to make party to any civil suit and is not in bankruptcy. adaptations later on, which is very costly. Planning should consider many different aspects such as perimeter The definition of private security includes property fencing or walling, guard boxes, electronic systems, and protection, private personal security, armed escorts, access modifications. 31 How T o P rotect eople a nd ropert y i n B ra z il Offices • Emergency power systems;

A recent trend in Brazil is to locate administrative offices • Vehicle access; away from plants, although there are some indications that as companies downsize they may opt to move at least part • Garage security; of their administrative staff closer to production. The city of São Paulo is the administrative headquarters for most • Precinct security – daytime, nighttime, and weekends; major Brazilian and multinational companies that have production plants in various locations. • Heliport security (if relevant).

A number of major Brazilian cities offer clusters of modern Companies sometimes select offices in buildings that do office buildings. In terms of security, these modern business not meet modern security standards. In this case, it may parks tend to be preferable to individual, isolated locations. be possible to implement satisfactory procedures on the It is advisable to conduct a thorough evaluation of office floors occupied. security issues before signing any rental or purchase contract. The checklist must include: Insurance

• Fire alarm system; The Brazilian insurance market is going through rapid modernization, thanks to the relaxation of rules that barred • Fire control system; foreign entrants. The Brazilian Reinsurance Institute (IRB Brasil RE) has held an official monopoly for several • Reception security; decades. Proposals for privatization have been stalled for a long time since President Lula’s administration. • Employee and visitor identification – today, Despite claims of being favorable to the opening up of the modern systems photograph all visitors; reinsurance market, the government has preferred to retain the control of the IRB. This monopoly results in extremely • Access control; high reinsurance costs compared to world markets, which raises the price of policies. Unless the monopoly ends, a l ities L ogistics & Faci • Automation of elevators, air conditioning, and more flexible market can have only a limited impact on building energy supply; prices. On the other hand, the end of the monopoly is likely 32 to attract foreign reinsurance firms, leading to lower prices, companies offer discounts to persons over 35 with at more rate options, and greater coverage potential. least three years’ driving experience. Some insurers are also starting to differentiate between men and That said, the basic rules for buying insurance in Brazil women drivers. are the same as anywhere else: the greater the effective management of foreseeable risks, the lower the premium. Health insurance is just starting to follow this trend. Today Brazil offers a wide range of insurance agents, including all clients have standard rates for specific health plans many national and international companies of excellent and age groups, irrespective of their health condition or reputation that are specialized in corporate clients. lifestyle. However, there are signs that this is starting to change. Recent government regulations have created Investors are advised to look for a broker that is experienced more flexibility and choice for the insured and prevented in the relevant market segment. Specialization is expected unreasonable terms and conditions imposed by private to increase as the market becomes more competitive. health insurers.

Private Individuals Home insurance is not widespread in Brazil. Industry estimates suggest that in the three major Brazilian As the Brazilian market becomes more modern and states – São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Minas Gerais competitive, insurers are starting to differentiate – less than 10% of estate is insured between ‘good’ and ‘bad’ risks within the same category. compared to some 50% to 60% of automobiles. However, this approach is fairly new and the price Home insurance is often extremely expensive and, differences are not as significant as incoming investors again, does not take into account individual risk may expect. factors. Today insurers are acquiring the habit of inspecting properties before accepting them, and then In the automobile insurance market, for example, where significantly reducing the rates. the policy is for the vehicle and not the driver, until recently insurers made no distinction when issuing a new Companies policy. Whether you were a novice or an experienced driver with a 20-year clean record, you would pay the In the past, the only kind of insurance available for same price. Today – thanks to the competitive pressure companies was insurance against fire, and discounts of a market entrant from the United States – many were offered only for the purchase of extinguishers, 33 How T o P rotect eople a nd ropert y i n B ra z il 34 Logistics & Facilities rates thattakeintoaccountawiderangeoffactors. more modern insurers inspect premises and quote specific available forindustrialtheftandmanyotherrisks,the hydrants, andsimilarequipment. Today coverageis insurers willnotalwaysbethosetooffer thelowestrates. expect toreceiveawiderangeofprices,andthelargest quotes basedontheirassessmentorrisk.Companiescan In Brazil,asinothercountries,different insurerswilloffer 08. ABOUT ORSPONSOR to the current ISO 9001:2008. Now holds the ISO 14001 holds the ISO 9001:2008. Now to thecurrent ISO America to receive the ISO 9001 certificate, later upgraded inLatin company security first the was Graber 1994, In professional training. that combinecutting-edge technologyandtop-quality state-of-the-art solutionsinacountryneedingservices gained groundintheBrazilianmarketbyoffering Graber wasfoundedin1982Campinasandrapidly ventures ofallkinds. shopping malls,homes,commercialbuildings, and centers, manufacturing companies, large condos, airports, clients includeembassiesandconsulates,distribution do Sul,SãoPaulo,SantaCatarinaandSergipe. Graber’s Grande Rio Norte, do Grande Rio Janeiro, de Rio Piauí, , Paraná, , Gerais, Goiás, Minas Maranhão, District, Federal Santo, Espírito , , Brazilian andforeigncompaniesinthestatesof , Graber Securityprovidessecurityservicestomajor company –isthelargest companyoftheGraberGroup. Graber Security –Brazil’s mostrenownedprivate security A leader inthesecuritysectorformorethanthirtyyears, aimed atminimizing theriskstowhich VIPs (businessmen [The Security Club], which consists of a range of services Segurança da stands outbyoffering theso-calledClube As faraspersonalsecurity isconcerned,Graberalso best recoveryratesinthesector. incident occurs, Graber Rastreamento boasts one of the Providing quickresponsebyairandlandwherever an the market leader in vehicle tracking and monitoring. Rastreamento (Graber Tracking), whichiscurrently One ofthe strongest divisionsofthe Group isGraber technology ensurehigherproductivity. Smaller, morehighly-skilled teams andstate-of-the-art specialized training and unique refresher courses. of Premium Services, whereprofessionalsreceive Premium Services – Graber introduced the concept coupled withtacticalandtechnicalefficiency. of mindbased on akey concept: operational competence Graber has offered its clients quality services and peace workplace safetyandenvironment. Along theyears and meeting all the legal requirements of quality, health, and OHSAS 18001, minimizing environmental impact

35 How To Protect People and Property in Brazil and their families, top executives of local and especially For the same purpose, Graber recently launched the multinational companies) are exposed. This service was “Security Club” app, in which you can not only have access conceived to meet the specific needs of expatriates and their to the “Graber TV” content, but also alert your contacts families, who are offered customized bilingual assistance. for urgent situations and take an emergency front camera picture if your mobile is a victim of any unauthorized Living up to its leadership in the industry, Graber was the displacement. You can download it for free! first company in Latin America to use a cyber environment (Available for IOS and Android). to provide online refresher courses to its staff. In addition, the information on Graber’s website helps raise awareness Learn more at: www.graber.com.br on PREVENTION. Attend a free personal security online course at www.clubedaseguranca.com.br/howto. The result could not be different: satisfied customers. The password is “amcham”. Graber boasts one of the best customer retention and satisfaction rates in the market. This index is measured For further information, please contact: monthly through quality reports, which consist of a direct communication tool between Graber and its customers. Graber Security São Paulo Alameda Araguaia, 101 – Barueri Being aware that education and professional development São Paulo – SP – Brazil – CEP 06455-000 are the cornerstones of a successful enterprise, in 2007 Telephone: 0800.757.1000 Graber launched the Graber Corporate University Project. E-mail: [email protected] The purpose of the project is to subsidize formal education Website: www.graber.com.br and to encourage our staff to pursue higher education by www.twitter.com/graberseguranca attending courses that are recognized by the Ministry of www.visel.com.br Education (MEC). Currently we have more than 15 course offerings. In 2009 Graber launched ‘Graber TV’, which Operating in Brazil With Partners Worldwide. provides useful safety tips to Graber customers and to the To talk all over the country call: 0800.757.1000 population in general. l ities L ogistics & Faci 36

BELO HORIZONTE R. Orozimbo Nonato, 102 - 4º andar - Edifício ICON Av. Dom Pedro II, 861 – 8º andar Nova Lima – 34000-000 - , MG 90550-142 – Porto Alegre, RS Tel.: (55 31) 3324-6636 ou (55 31) 3324-6597 (55 51) 2118-3705 [email protected] [email protected]

BRASÍLIA SHIS QI 5, Comércio Local, Bloco C 1º andar Av. Eng. Antônio de Góes, 742 Lago Sul - 71615-530 Brasília, DF 51110-000 - Recife, PE Tel.: (55 61) 2103-8650 Tel.: (55 81) 3205-1850 [email protected] Fax: (55 81) 3205-1865 [email protected] CAMPINAS Rua Dr. José Bonifácio Coutinho Nogueira, 150 RIBEIRÃO PRETO Edf. Galleria Plaza – 7º andar, sala 701 Avenida Wladimir Meirelles Ferreira, 1525 13091-611 – Campinas, SP Ufficio Commerciale San Paolo, salas 1 e 2 Tel./Fax: (55 19) 2104-1250 / 2104-1275 14021-630 – Ribeirão Preto, SP [email protected] Tel.: (55 16) 2132-4599 • Fax: (55 16) 2132-4563 [email protected] Rua Hélio Yoshiaki Ikieziri, 34 SALVADOR Ed. Evidence Prime Office – Sala 206 – Royal Park Avenida Tancredo Neves, 1632 79100-000 – Campo Grande, MS Edf. Salvador Trade Center Tel.: (55 67) 3211-0906 Torre Norte, sala 1307 – Caminho das Árvores [email protected] 41820-020 – Salvador, BA Tel.: (55 71) 3480-3481 [email protected] Rua João Marchesini, 139 – Prado Velho 80215-060 – Curitiba, PR SÃO PAULO Tel.: (55 41) 2104-9350 Rua da Paz, 1431 – Chácara Santo Antônio [email protected] 04713-001 – São Paulo, SP Tel.: (55 11) 4688-4102 • Fax: (55 11) 5180-3777 GOIÂNIA [email protected] Av. T-63 – Qd. 145 – Lote 08/09 Ed. New World – Sala 1005 UBERLÂNDIA 74230-100 – Goiânia, GO Rua Santos Dumont, 46 – Santa Mônica Tel.: (55 62) 4006-1152 • Fax: (55 62) 4006-1172 38400-060 – Uberlândia, MG [email protected] Tel.: (55 34) 2101-4100 • Fax: (55 34) 2101-4107 [email protected] JOINVILLE R. Dr. Plácido Gomes, 610 - Sala 202 89202-050 – Joinville, SC VISIT THE HOW TO WEBSITE: Tel.: (55 47) 3432-7474 www.amcham.com.br/howto [email protected]