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Crime, Violence and Economic Development in Brazil: Elements for Effective Public Policy

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Crime, Violence and Economic Development in Brazil: Elements for Effective Public Policy Report No. 36525 Crime, Violence and Economic Development in Brazil: Elements for Effective Public Policy June 2006 Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Sector Unit Latin America and the Caribbean Region Document of the World Bank ▬▬▬▬▬ CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS US$1.00 = R$2.32 FISCAL YEAR January 1 – December 31 MAIN ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS APAC Associação de Proteção e Assistência Carcerária/aos Condenados BNPP Barisan National Pember-Basan Pattani CEAPA Central de Apoio e Acompanhamento de Penas e Medidas Alternativas CESEC Centro de Estudos de Segurança e Cidadania CEJIL Centro por la Justicia y el Derecho Internacional CISALVA Instituto de Investigaciones y Desarrollo en Prevención de Violencia y Promoción de la Convivencia Social CPC Código de Processo Civil CPTED Crime Prevention through Environmental Design CRISP-UFMG Centro de Estudos de Criminalidade e Segurança Publica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais FEBEM Fundação Estadual do Bem-Estar do Menor FPA Fundação Perseu Abramo FGV Fundação Getúlio Vargas GIS Geographical Information Systems IBGE Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatísticas ILANUD Instituto Latino Americano das Nações Unidas para a Prevenção do Delito eo Tratamento do Delinqüente IMF International Monetary Fund ISER Instituto de Estudos da Religião NESEG Núcleo de Estudos de Sexualidade e Gênero NGO Non Governmental Organization PC Polícia Civil PM Polícia Militar PMMG Polícia Militar de Minas Gerais PPA Plano Plurianual PROERD Programa Educacional de Resistência ás Drogas SENASP Secretaria Nacional de Seguranca Publica SIM Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade SUSP Sistema Único de Segurança Pública UNESCO Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, a Ciência e a Cultura UNICRI United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute USP Universidade de São Paulo WHO World Health Organization UN United Nations Vice President: Pamela Cox Country Director: John Briscoe PREM Director: Ernesto May Sector Manager: Jaime Saavedra Chanduvi Task Manager: Andrew Morrison Co-Task Manager: Bernice Van Bronkhorst TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS…………………………………………………………………………………..i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Road map of the report .........................................................................................................................iv Levels and trends in crime and violence in Brazil .............................................................................iv Homicide.............................................................................................................................................iv Youth violence .....................................................................................................................................v Violence against women ......................................................................................................................v Other Crimes .......................................................................................................................................vi Determinants and costs of crime and violence....................................................................................vi Public policy responses to crime and violence in Brazil.....................................................................vi Criminal Justice: Police reform.......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Cost-effectiveness of violence prevention programs in Brazil........... Error! Bookmark not defined. The way forward...................................................................................................................................xii Chapter 1. Definitions, Levels, and Trends in Crime and Violence in Brazil ...................................1 Levels and trends of crime and violence in Brazil ...............................................................................1 Homicide..............................................................................................................................................1 National data....................................................................................................................................1 Regional, state, and municipal data .................................................................................................4 Youth violence .....................................................................................................................................7 Young people as victims..................................................................................................................7 Young people as perpetrators...........................................................................................................9 Gender-based violence .......................................................................................................................10 Data issues: public health data and police data .................................................................................13 Homicide............................................................................................................................................13 Other crimes .......................................................................................................................................14 Underreporting of crime.....................................................................................................................16 Chapter 2. Determinants and Economic Costs of Crime and Violence in Brazil............................18 Determinants of crime and violence....................................................................................................18 Why do some areas suffer more crime? .............................................................................................19 Why are some people victimized?......................................................................................................20 Economic impacts of crime and violence............................................................................................22 Data and methodology .......................................................................................................................24 Results............................................................................................................................................27 Chapter 3. Public Policy responses to Crime and violence in Brazil ...............................................29 Public responses....................................................................................................................................29 Federal level .......................................................................................................................................29 State level ...........................................................................................................................................30 Municipal level...................................................................................................................................30 Multilevel institutions ........................................................................................................................31 Sistema Unico de Seguranca Publica.............................................................................................31 Fundo Nacional de Seguranca Publica...........................................................................................31 Civil society .......................................................................................................................................32 Sectoral and cross-sectoral approaches..............................................................................................32 Sector-specific approaches.................................................................................................................33 Cross-sectoral approaches..................................................................................................................35 Chapter 4. Public Health/Evidence-based approaches to violence prevention in Brazil ................36 Prevention of Youth Violence..............................................................................................................36 Abrindo Espaços ................................................................................................................................38 Program H ..........................................................................................................................................40 Gun and Alcohol Control Programs..................................................................................................40 Chapter 5. Criminal Justice approach: a case study of Police reform in Brazil .............................44 Police training, pay and careers ..........................................................................................................45 Overarching issues................................................................................................................................47 Proposals for Reform ...........................................................................................................................48 Feasible in the medium term ..............................................................................................................50
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