: IGUAÇU FALLS EXTENSION

SEPTEMBER 16–20, 2019

Iguaçu is a stronghold for the endangered Black-fronted Piping-Guan ©Andrew Whittaker

LEADER: ANDREW WHITTAKER LIST COMPILED BY: ANDREW WHITTAKER

VICTOR EMANUEL NATURE TOURS, INC. 2525 WALLINGWOOD DRIVE, SUITE 1003 AUSTIN, TEXAS 78746 WWW.VENTBIRD.COM BRAZIL: IGUAÇU FALLS EXTENSION

SEPTEMBER 16–20, 2019

By Andrew Whittaker

The world’s mightiest, Iguaçu Falls © Andrew Whittaker Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 2 Brazil: Iguaçu Falls Extension, September, 2019 This exciting short extension was centered on three days of birding in Iguaçu Falls National Park (Paraná state, Brazil), where the world’s greatest waterfalls are found right in front of our lovely five-star hotel. The huge national reserve surrounding the falls holds a very nice cross-section of southern Brazilian , many of which are endemic to the greater Atlantic Forest region.

Our early morning departure from Cuiabá to São Paulo and subsequent connection were on time, and we reached Iguaçu as planned. Oliver, our local birding guide, was waiting and escorted us to the lovely, plush Hotel Cataratas in time for lunch. As temperatures fell, our late afternoon was devoted to birding and sightseeing between the hotel and the magnificent falls along the forested paths and walkways.

The ever-present and spectacular Plush-crested Jay © Andrew Whittaker

Due to our very early start in Cuiaba, we planned an early 4:30 start for owling, followed by a field breakfast in the forest for the following day. Despite this year’s amazingly dry conditions and a dull start to our second day, our two days of forest birding along the 11- km of jeep track ending at the Iguaçu River produced many of the Atlantic Forest specialties that we have come to expect from this magnificent spot. The trip highlights, however, were the fantastic looks at a magnificent rarely seen Long-tailed Potoo on its day-roost that Oliver had found last year! We marveled over its incredible camouflage and unique wing rounded up at the ends to mimic bark chips! Other memorable highlights included nice studies of spectacular Yellow-fronted, Robust, and Blond- crested ; the see-sawing displays of a male Spot-billed Toucanet; snazzy Red-breasted Toucans; incandescent male Band-tailed Manakins at a lek; confiding pairs of both Black-throated and Surucua trogons; and an unusually cooperative Rufous- capped Motmot. Sadly, a Pavonine and a Sharpbill were calling but would not

Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 3 Brazil: Iguaçu Falls Extension, September, 2019 appear. However, we enjoyed: hearing the repeated “bomb-dropping” whistled songs of the Sharpbill; an inquisitive, rarely seen Russet-winged Spadebill at point-blank range; Southern Antpipits skulking in the understory and one with nesting material; and mixed- species flocks of foliage-gleaners, ant-, and various tyrannulets. Sadly this year, no signs of the poorly-known Creamy-bellied Gnatcatchers; despite often playing our pygmy-owl calls, we just heard one distantly.

Male Spot-billed Toucanet, Iguaçu Falls NP © Andrew Whittaker

Tape, however, worked well, bringing in such canopy dwellers as Three-striped Flycatchers; Sibilant Sirystes; Rufous-winged and Streak-capped antwrens; Chestnut- bellied and Purple-throated euphonias; and the gaudy male Guira . The magnificent view from the tower overlooking the marsh provided Blackish Rail and a migrant Solitary Sandpiper, along with feeding Green Ibis.

During our pleasant walks around the falls for birding and sightseeing from the hotel to the Devil’s Throat portion of the falls, we all managed to catch up and enjoy lovely views of the rare Black-fronted Piping-Guan. During the course of these nice ambles, we were also treated to close encounters with Toco Toucans, Chestnut-eared Aracaris, mobs of elegant Plush-crested Jays (and less elegant South American Coatis), the stunning Green- headed Tanager, and hordes of Great Dusky Swifts unfazed, flying right through the massive white water of the falls to roost!

Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 4 Brazil: Iguaçu Falls Extension, September, 2019

Great Dusky Swifts at and under the mighty Iguaçu Falls © Andrew Whittaker

In conclusion, we enjoyed a lovely relaxed stay in a fantastic hotel with several marvelous buffet meals and added a whole new suite of many interesting Atlantic Forest birds, adding a total of an extra 141 species to our trip list from the main Brazil: Pantanal Safari (Birds & Jaguars) tour , and the extension proved a perfect “up- country” complement to our time in the “outback” of the Pantanal. Special thanks to our local guide Oliver, as well as to all of the folks from Macuco Safaris for their flawless handling of the complicated logistics. It certainly was great fun introducing each of you to the scenic, floral, and faunal wonders of this region. I do hope to see you all again on another exciting VENT tour in my home, Brazil, or in one of the other countries where I lead VENT tours. Happy birding to you all.

Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 5 Brazil: Iguaçu Falls Extension, September, 2019

Black-throated Trogon male at Iguaçu Falls NP © Andrew Whittaker

ITINERARY:

9/16 - Cuiabá to São Paulo to Iguaçu to the Hotel das Cataratas, inside the National Park. Afternoon walk and birding around the falls at 16:30 when most day tripers had left. 9/17 - Iguaçu Falls National Park: 06:30h departure from hotel with a great breakfast in the field for all-day birding (with field lunch) on the Poço Preto Road, until ca. 1700h. 9/18 - Iguaçu Falls National Park: small breakfast at hotel before our pre-dawn start at 04:30 departure from hotel for all-day birding (with field breakfast & lunch) on the Poço Preto Road, until ca. 1700h. Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 6 Brazil: Iguaçu Falls Extension, September, 2019 9/19 - Time for one last morning excursion (on foot) along the river to the Falls, mainly for sightseeing and photographing the Falls, and to search for Black-fronted Piping-Guan. We transferred to the airport in time for our flight from Iguacu to São Paulo, with later connections to international flights home. 9/20 - International flights arrive back in USA, with connections home.

7 FAVORITE BIRDS OF THE TRIP (as voted by the group):

1- LONG-TAILED POTOO 2- GREAT DUSKY SWIFT 3- BLOND-CRESTED 4- BAND-TAILED MANAKIN 5- SURUCUA TROGON 6- ROBUST WOODPECKER 7- YELLOW-FRONTED WOODPECKER

Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 7 Brazil: Iguaçu Falls Extension, September, 2019

The rarely seen and amazingly camouflaged Long-tailed Potoo on its day roost was voted top of the extension © Andrew Whittaker

KEY:

E - species endemic to the Atlantic Forest biogeographic region including and surrounding southeast Brazil (including northern -- mostly Misiones -- and eastern ). A few of these designated species are endemic to a slightly broader area that includes the Atlantic Forest of northeast Brazil, and/or adjacent Planalto regions of interior southern Brazil. In a few cases, I have added this designation to taxa not yet recognized at the species level by the South American Classification Committee (SACC) of the American Ornithologists Society (AOS), but which are either already treated as distinct by the Brazilian Check-list Committee, or, which are in imminent position of being elevated to species level. e - subspecies endemic to this biogeographic region (see above). Many of

Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 8 Brazil: Iguaçu Falls Extension, September, 2019 these taxa are geographically isolated from (and morphologically and vocally distinct from) other forms currently considered to be conspecific. Many of these represent potential “splits”, and many are already treated as specifically distinct by some taxonomists. X - Indicates an introduced, non-native species. * - heard only POPR = Poço Preto Road

BIRDS :

TINAMOUS (Tinamidae)

Solitary Tinamou (Crypturellus obsoletus obsoletus )* (e) - 2 birds heard on the POPR. Brown Tinamou (Crypturellus obsoletus obsoletus )* (e) - 1-2 birds heard each day on the POPR.

CHACHALACAS, GUANS & CURASSOWS (Cracidae)

Dusky-legged Guan (Penelope obscura ) * - Heard wing display early am. Black-fronted Piping Guan (Pipile jacutinga ) – We all got excellent views of this endangered beauty near our hotel by the falls!

ANHINGAS (Anhingidae)

Anhinga ( Anhinga anhinga ) – Seen at the falls.

CORMORANTS (Phalacrocoracidae)

Neotropic Cormorant (Phalacrocorax brasilianus ) - 1-2 seen along the river above the Devil’s Throat.

HERONS & EGRETS (Ardeidae)

Cocoi Heron (Ardea cocoi ) - Single at falls. Great Egret (A.alba ) - Singles seen at the marsh and at the falls. Snowy Egret (Egretta thula ) - Singles seen at the marsh at the end of the POPR. Striated Heron (Butorides striata ) - Seen at the falls. Black-crowned Night-Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax ) - Seen by some at the falls.

IBISES & SPOONBILLS (Threskiornithidae)

Green Ibis (Mesembrinibis cayennensis ) - Pair seen end of the POPR.

NEW WORLD VULTURES (Cathartidae)

Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 9 Brazil: Iguaçu Falls Extension, September, 2019

Black Vulture (Coragyps atratus ) - Seen daily, particularly common below the Falls. Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura ) - Seen daily, particularly common below the Falls.

HAWKS, KITES & EAGLES (Accipitridae)

Snail Kite (Rostrhamus sociablis ) - 1 seen at the falls. Roadside Hawk (Rupornis magnirostris ) - Common by falls and along the main park road.

RAILS, COOTS & GALLINULES (Rallidae)

Blackish Rail (Pardirallus nigricans ) - Seen nicely from the end of the POPR. Slaty-breasted Wood-Rail (Aramides saracura ) – Seen by some on POPR and down by the falls.

PLOVERS & LAPWINGS (Charadriidae)

Southern Lapwing (Vanellus chilensis chilensis ) - Remember my explanation this subspecies in time will be split from southern birds, the true Southern Lapwing. Several seen between the hotel and the Falls. One on a nest in front of the hotel on one egg!

SAND PIPERS & ALLIES (Scolopacidae)

Solitary Sandpiper ( Tringa solitaria) – One early migrant at the marsh seen off the tower at POPR.

PIGEONS & DOVES (Columbidae)

Pale-vented Pigeon (Patagioenas cayennensis ) - Small numbers seen/heard daily, usually flying high overhead, and mostly near the river. Picazuro Pigeon (Patagioenas picazuro ) - Scattered singles and small groups seen daily, mostly flying high above the forest. Blue Ground-dove ( Clarvis pretiosa ) * - Ruddy Quail- Dove ( Geotrygon montana ) – One male flew quickly across POPR. White-tipped Dove (Leptotila verreauxi ) - Along the POPR and falls area. Eared Dove (Zenaida auriculata ) - Pairs seen daily on the hotel grounds. (This species seems to be undergoing a population explosion in many parts of Brazil {e.g. Iguaçu}, and is now encountered in much greater numbers than just a few years ago.)

CUCKOOS & ANIS (Cuculidae)

Pheasant Cuckoo ( phasianellus )* - Heard along the POPR but sadly un responsive to playback. Squirrel Cuckoo (Piaya cayana ) - Seen by some along the road to the Devil’s Throat.

Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 10 Brazil: Iguaçu Falls Extension, September, 2019 POTOOS (Nyctibidae)

Long-tailed Potoo ( Nyctibius a. aethreus ) (E)- WOW trip highlight for all. Studying this rare and poorly-known species on a day roost was truly superb! A first for me for this nominate form! Distinctly different from larger tailed Amazonian birds which will probably be split! NIGHTJARS & ALLIES (Caprimulgidae)

Short-tailed Nighthawk (Lurocalis semitorquatus nattereri ) (E)* - Just would not come into tape where we could see it pre-dawn. This subspecies almost certainly is a future split.

TYPICAL OWLS (Strigidae)

Tropical Screech-Owl ( Megascops choliba ) * - Black-capped Screech-Owl ( M. atricapilla ) – Sadly seen by only one and then flew. Heard by all was a little pesk! Tawny-browed Owl ( Pulsatrix perspicillata ) * - Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl (Glaucidium brasilianum ) * -

SWIFTS (Apodidae)

Great Dusky Swift (Cypseloides senex ) - Hundreds seen over the river and the Falls on where we enjoyed watching them clinging to the rocks behind the Falls. A true awesome spectacle!

HUMMINGBIRDS (Trochilidae)

Scale-throated Hermit (Phaeothornis eurynome ) (e) – Seen well by some at the falls. Heard along POPR. Violet-capped Woodnymph (Thalurania glaucopis ) (e) – Seen well at POPR mobbing scene. Versicolored Emerald (Amazilia versicolor ) – At end of POPR.

TROGONS (Trogonidae) Surucua Trogon (Trogon surrucura surrucura ) (E) - Lovely birds neat to watch them excavate a nest. {Birds in this region are all of the red-bellied race surrucura .} Black-throated Trogon (Trogon rufus chrysochloros ) (e) - 1 wonderful male seen along the POPR. {This subspecies is endemic to E Brazil, NE Argentina and E Paraguay.}

MOTMOTS (Momotidae)

Rufous-capped Motmot (Barypthengus ruficapillus ) (E) - We had one individual that perched nicely, allowing extended study.

Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 11 Brazil: Iguaçu Falls Extension, September, 2019

KINGFISHERS (Alcedinidae)

Ringed Kingfisher (Ceryle torquata ) - along the river and at the marsh at the end of the POPR. Amazon Kingfisher (Chloroceryle amazona ) - Seen at the river plus at the end of the POPR.

TOUCANS & ARACARIS (Ramphastidae)

Chestnut-eared Aracari (Pteroglossus castanotis ) - Nicely seen. Spot-billed Toucanet (Selenidera maculirostris ) (E) - Lovely, taped in along the POPR and seen close feeding at a fruiting tree. Toco Toucan (Ramphastos toco ) - Wow seen daily, along the POPR and main park road. One excavating nest site by falls.

WOODPECKERS (Picidae)

Ochre-collared Piculet ( Picumnus temminckii ) (E) – Seen fairly well but surprisingly none responsive to tape. Yellow-fronted Woodpecker (Melanerpes flavifrons ) (E) - A pair seen nicely plus some in the falls and the hotel. White-spotted Woodpecker (Dryobates spilogaster ) – Along the POPR. Blond-crested Woodpecker (Celeus flavescens ) (E) - Wow spectacular! Lineated Woodpecker (Dryocopus lineatus erythrops ) * (e) Robust Woodpecker (Campephilus robustus ) E - Super cool looks of a neat male along the POPR.

FALCONS & CARACARAS (Falconidae)

Barred Forest-Falcon (Micrastur ruficollis ruficollis ) * - Alas unresponsive to playack just after dawn day 2! Southern Caracara (Caracara plancus ) - Seen along the main park road. {This is now officially split from Crested Caracara, C. cheriway group, of northern S. America, Central America and the southwestern U.S.} Bat Falcon (Falco rufigularis ) * - By the Falls and on POPR.

MACAWS, PARROTS & PARAKEETS (Psittacidae)

Scaly-headed Parrot (Pionus maximiliani melanoblepharus ) (e) - Around the falls and the POPR. Maroon-bellied Parakeet ( Pyrrhura frontalis ) *- Alas heard only. White-eyed Parakeet (Aratinga leucophthalmus ) - 4 seen over the POPR.

TYPICAL ANTBIRDS (Thamnophilidae)

Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 12 Brazil: Iguaçu Falls Extension, September, 2019

Spot-backed Antshrike (Hypoedaleus guttatus )* - We tried very hard for this one with much playback of two different singing birds to no avail! Variable Antshrike (Thamnophilus caerulescens gilvigaster ) * - Also non responsive! (Dysithamnus mentalis ) (e) - Seen nicely along the POPR. Rufous-winged Antwren (Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus rufimarginatus ) (e) - Seen fairly well for a canopy dweller {This, the nominate subspecies, is a near-certain split from other members of this complex.} Streak-capped Antwren (Terenura maculata ) (E) - Pairs seen well near the end of the POPR. White-shouldered Fire-eye (Pyriglena leucoptera ) (E) * -

ANTPITTAS (Grallariidae)

Variegated Antpitta (Grallaria varia ) *- Alas distantly heard on POPR. Rare here for sure!

ANTTHRUSHES (Formicariidae)

Short-tailed Antthrush (Chameza campanisona ) * - A pair came in close on POPR but not seen.

OVENBIRDS & WOODCREEPERS (Furnariidae)

Olivaceous Woodcreeper (Sittasomus griseicapillus sylviellus ) (e) - Common, along the POPR. {This form is so different in voice and plumage from more northern and western populations of “Olivaceous Woodcreeper” as to be unrecognizable. This is a sure candidate for future splitting.} Plain-winged (Thrush-like) Woodcreeper (Dendrocincla turdina ) (E) * - Planalto Woodcreeper (Dendrocolaptes platyrostris ) – Nice studies of this big woodcreeper along POPR. White-throated Woodcreeper (Xiphocolaptes albicollis ) (E) * - The “Beast of the East” was only heard not playing the game with tape playback! Lesser Woodcreeper (Xiphorhynchus fuscus fuscus ) (E) - One almost entered Rogers mouth on the POPR. {Recently moved to the genus Xiphorhynchus from Lepidocolaptes , and likely to be split into multiple species in the future.} Plain Xenops (Xenops minutus minutus ) (e) * - 1 heard along the POPR only. {These nominate birds, which are endemic to the Atlantic Forest, are distinctly smaller than all other subspecies of Plain Xenops, and have a distinctly different voice. Look for these to be split at some point.} Black-capped Foliage-gleaner (Philydor atricapillus ) (E) - Not responsive along the POPR Buff-fronted Foliage-gleaner (Philydor rufum ) - 1 seen near the end of the POPR. Ochre-breasted Foliage-gleaner (Anabacerthia lichtensteini ) (E) - Seen exceptionaly close and well responsive to tape!

Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 13 Brazil: Iguaçu Falls Extension, September, 2019 White-eyed Foliage-gleaner (Automolus leucophthalmus ) (E) - Nice looks along the POPR. Rufous Hornero (Furnarius rufus ) - Common. Yellow-chinned Spinetail (Certhiaxis cinnamomea )* - Singles or pairs heard from the marsh at the end of the POPR.

TYRANT FLYCATCHERS (Tyrannidae)

Southern Beardless-Tyrannulet (Camptostoma obsoletum ) * - Mouse-colored Tyrannulet (Phaeomyias murina ) – POPR one bird. Yellow Tyrannulet (Capsiempis flaveola ) - Nice looks near the end of the POPR. Gray Elaenia (Myiopagis caniceps caniceps )* - 1 heard along the POPR. Greenish Elaenia (Myiopagis viridicata ) - 1 seen along the POPR. Gray-hooded Flycatcher (Mionectes rufiventris ) (E) - 2 birds seen along the POPR. Nice looks. Sepia-capped Flycatcher (Leptopogon amaurocephalus ) - Seen on the POPR, but none were responsive to playback. Southern Bristle-Tyrant (Pogonotriccus eximius ) (E) * - 2 heard but not responsive along the POPR. Sao Paulo Tyrannulet (Phyllomyias paulista ) - 1 pair seen exceptionally well of this tiny delicate rare & restless flycatcher along the POPR. Southern Antpipit (Corythopis delandi ) - Common by voice along the POPR and seen very well one collecting nesting material! Eared Pygmy-Tyrant (Myiornis auricularis ) (e) -* POPR. Pearly-vented Tody-Tyrant (Hemitriccus margaritaceiventer ) - * heard at the end of the POPR. Yellow-olive Flycatcher ( Tomomyias sulphurescens ) - * POPR near to the end. White-throated Spadebill (Platyrinchus mystaceus ) - * POPR Russet-winged Spadebill ( P. leucoryphus ) – (E) Superb studies of a responsive bird a rare species and certainly a trip highlight! Eulers Flycatcher ( Lathrothriccus euleri ) - * Fuscous Flycatcher (Cnemotriccus fuscatus bimaculatus )* - {All birds heard at Iguaçu, as well as birds seen on the main Pantanal tour, were of the subspecies bimaculatus , which is widespread in sc Brazil, , Paraguay, and n Argentina. Splits within this complex are imminent.} Cattle Tyrant (Machetornis rixosus ) - 1–2 seen at the hotel lawns. Sibilant Sirystes (Sirystes sibilator ) (E) - Pairs seen along the POPR. {What was called simply “Sirystes”, has now been split into 4 species, a move that was long overdue given the significant vocal and morphological differences between the various populations. Ridgely had long treated the complex as two species, with the break on either side of the , but the situation was clearly more complicated than a simple two-way split. This, the nominate form, is essentially a regional endemic that extends from the Atlantic Forest into adjacent southcentral Brazil.} Swainsons Flycatcher (Myiarchus swainsoni ) – Leader only. Short-crested Flycatcher (Myiarchus ferox ) - 2 seen near the end of the POPR.

Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 14 Brazil: Iguaçu Falls Extension, September, 2019 Great Kiskadee (Pitangus sulphuratus ) - Several seen daily, particularly around the hotel and between there and the Falls. Social Flycatcher (Myiozetetes similis ) - Seeen at the marsh near the end of the POPR. Three-striped Flycatcher (Conopius trivigatus ) – Excellent find and great studies of this canopy dweller!

SHARPBILL (Oxyruncidae)

Sharpbill (Oxruncus cristatus ) - * None responsive to playback.

COTINGAS (Cotingidae)

Red-ruffed Fruitcrow (Pyroderus scutatus ) – Heard by all sadly only seen in flight along POPR.

MANAKINS (Pipridae)

Swallow-tailed (Blue) Manakin (Chiroxiphia caudata ) (E) - 1 female seen along the POPR on amazinlgly was our only record. The species is usually vocal here, but once again, the weather was a factor. White-bearded Manakin ( Manacus manacus ) *– POPR. Band-tailed Manakin (Pipra fasciicauda ) - Superb studies of superb males at a lek along the POPR. Wing-barred Piprites (Piprites chloris ) - *

TITYRAS & ALLIES ()

Black-crowned Tityra (Tityra inquisitor ) – Nice looks on POPR. Masked Tityra ( T. semifasciata) – Nice pair seen on POPR. Rare here possibly my first record in 30 years! Presumably a migrant. Greenish Schiffornis (Schiffornis virescens ) (E) * - Along the POPR non responsive. Green-backed Becard (Pachyramphus viridis ) - 1 male, photographed by Harry, was one of several species mobbing my pygmy-owl recording as we stood in the tower at the end of the POPR on 9/2.

VIREOS, GREENLETS & ALLIES (Vireonidae)

Rufous-browed Peppershrike (Cyclarhis gujanensis ) - 2 seen well along the POPR from off the tower. Rufous-crowned Greenlet (Hylophilus poicilotis ) (E) - 1 seen along the POPR. Chivi (Vireo chivi ) - Seen along the POPR in an owl mobbing scene {As we talked about during the tour, these are not migrants from North America. Rather, they are a separate taxon that breeds in this region and spends the austral winter in Amazonia. They had probably only recently returned to Iguaçu. Finally split from Red-eyed Vireo!

JAYS, CROWS & MAGPIES (Corvidae) Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 15 Brazil: Iguaçu Falls Extension, September, 2019

Plush-crested Jay (Cyanocorax chrysops ) - (These exceptionally attractive jays are always one of the highlights of a visit to the Falls, where they even attract the attention of non-birding tourists.)

SWALLOWS (Hirundinidae)

Southern Rough-winged Swallow (Stelgidopteryx ruficollis ) - 2 seen along the river. Gray-breasted Martin (Progne chalybea ) - common at the hotel.

WRENS (Troglodytidae)

House Wren (Troglodytes aedon ) - 1 singing bird seen daily at our hotel.

GNATWRENS & GNATCATCHERS (Polioptilidae)

Creamy-bellied Gnatcatcher (Polioptila lactea ) (E) * - Sadly we only distantly heard this range-restricted and difficult-to-find gnatcatcher! No luck with response to owl tape either.

DONACOBIUS (Donacobidae)

Black-capped Donacobius ( Donacobius atricapilla ) – Seen at the marsh at POPR.

THRUSHES (Turdidae)

Pale-breasted Thrush (Turdus leucomelas ) - Multiple individuals were also seen during our walk to the Falls on 9/4. Rufous-bellied Thrush (Turdus rufiventris ) - 1 seen on the hotel grounds on 9/4.

THRASHERS & MOCKINGBIRDS (Mimidae)

Chalk-browed Mockingbird (Mimus saturninus ) - Singles seen at our hotel.

NEW WORLD WARBLERS (Parulidae)

Masked Yellowthroat (Geothlypis aequinoctialis ) – Nice studies of a responsive male on POPR. Tropical Parula (Parula pitiayumi ) - seen along the POPR. Golden-crowned Warbler (Basileuterus culicivorus ) - Both days on POPR.

TANAGERS, HONEYCREEPERS & ALLIES (Thraupidae)

Magpie Tanager (Cissopis leverianus ) - seen several times along the POPR.

Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 16 Brazil: Iguaçu Falls Extension, September, 2019 Black-goggled Tanager (Trichothraupis melanops ) - Amazingly only 1 seen along the POPR. Ruby-crowned Tanager (Tachyphonus coronatus ) - on the POPR. Silver-beaked Tanager ( Ramphocelus carbo ) – Several. Sayaca Tanager ( Thraupis sayaca ) – Several. Palm Tanager ( T. palmarum ) – Several. Green-headed Tanager (Tangara seledon ) (E) - Mostly near the Falls, stunning as always! Swallow Tanager (Tersina viridis ) - * from the Falls overlook. Blue Dacnis (Dacnis cayana ) - Nice studies at the end of the POPR. Guira Tanager (Hemithraupis guira ) - Nice along the POPR. Chestnut-vented Conebill (Conirostrum speciosum ) - along the POPR. Bananaquit (Coereba flaveola ) - along the river walk and on POPR. Saffron Finch ( Sicalis flaveola ) – At hotel.

BUNTINGS & NEW WORLD SPARROWS (Emberizidae)

Saffron-billed Sparrow (Arremon flavirostris ) - * Rufous-collared Sparrow (Zonotrichia capensis ) - seen at our hotel.

CARDINALS & ALLIES (Cardinalidae)

Red-crowned Ant-Tanager (Habia rubica ) - seen along the POPR.

ORIOLES, BLACKBIRDS & ALLIES (Icteridae)

Crested Oropendola (Psarocolius decumanus ) - 1 seen along the main park road near the Falls. Red-rumped Cacique (Cacicus haemorrhous ) - Common and conspicuous; seen daily in numbers by hotel and at falls. Giant Cowbird (Molothrus oryzivorus ) - 1 seen flying over the river below the Falls.

SISKINS, EUPHONIAS & ALLIES (Fringillidae)

Blue-naped Chlorophonia (Chlorophonia cyanea cyanea ) (e) - along the POPR on {This endemic race is more extensively blue above than some of the more northern races, which are green-backed with blue restricted to the nape. SE Brazil birds also lack the yellow frontlet that characterizes most other races.} Purple-throated Euphonia (Euphonia chlorotica ) - Pairs seen at the end of the POPR. Violaceos Euphonia ( Euphonia violacea ) – Nice looks. Chestnut-bellied Euphonia (Euphonia pectoralis ) (E) - * on the POPR from canopy. Green-throated Euphonia (Euphonia chalybae ) (E) - * on the POPR from canopy.

Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 17 Brazil: Iguaçu Falls Extension, September, 2019 OLD WORLD SPARROWS (Passeridae)

House Sparrow (Passer domesticus ) X - Seen on the hotel grounds, and along the road to and from the airport.

TOTAL SPECIES: 156

MAMMALS:

Brown (Tufted) Capuchin (Cebus apella ) - Seen nicely on the POPR road. South American Coati (Nasua nasua ) - Common along the walk between our hotel and the Falls.

South American Coati, Iguaçu Falls NP © Andrew Whittaker

Agouti sp. (Dasyprocta spp. ) - Seen mainly along the river near the Falls, but also along the main park road. (I believe these are Azara’s Agoutis.) Red Brocket Deer (Mazama gouazoubira ) - 1 seen along the main park road on 9/2. Tayra (Eira barbara ) – One crossed the POPR hunting one day.

Significant others: Black-and-Gold Tegu Lizard

Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 18 Brazil: Iguaçu Falls Extension, September, 2019