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Comprehensive Classification of the Plant Non-Specific Lipid Transfer Protein Superfamily Towards Its Sequence
Manuscript to be reviewed Comprehensive classification of the plant non-specific lipid transfer protein superfamily towards its Sequence – Structure – Function analysis. Cecile Fleury 1 , Jerome Gracy 2 , Marie-Francoise Gautier 1 , Jean-Luc Pons 2 , Jean-Francois Dufayard 3 , Gilles Labesse 2 , Manuel Ruiz 3 , Frederic de Lamotte Corresp. 1 1 UMR AGAP, INRA, F-34060 Montpellier, France 2 CBS, CNRS Univ Montpellier INSERM, Montpellier, France 3 UMR AGAP, CIRAD, F-34398 Montpellier, France Corresponding Author: Frederic de Lamotte Email address: [email protected] Background. Non-specific Lipid Transfer Proteins (nsLTPs) are widely distributed in the plant kingdom and constitute a superfamily of related proteins. More than 800 different sequences have been characterized so far, but their biological functions remain unclear. It has been clear for years that they present a certain interest for agronomic and nutritional issues. Deciphering their functions means collecting and analyzing a variety of data from gene sequence to protein structure, from cellular localization to the physiological role. As a huge and growing number of new protein sequences are available nowadays, extracting meaningful knowledge from sequence-structure-function relationships calls for the development of new tools and approaches. As nsLTPs show high evolutionary divergence, but a conserved common right-handed superhelix structural fold, and as they are involved in a large number of key roles in plant development and defense, they are a stimulating case study for validating such an approach. Methods. In this study, we comprehensively investigated 797 nsLTP protein sequences, including a phylogenetic analysis on canonical protein sequences, three-dimensional (3D) structure modeling and functional annotation using several well-established bioinformatics programs. -
APPLE (Fruit Varieties)
E TG/14/9 ORIGINAL: English DATE: 2005-04-06 INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NEW VARIETIES OF PLANTS GENEVA * APPLE (Fruit Varieties) UPOV Code: MALUS_DOM (Malus domestica Borkh.) GUIDELINES FOR THE CONDUCT OF TESTS FOR DISTINCTNESS, UNIFORMITY AND STABILITY Alternative Names:* Botanical name English French German Spanish Malus domestica Apple Pommier Apfel Manzano Borkh. The purpose of these guidelines (“Test Guidelines”) is to elaborate the principles contained in the General Introduction (document TG/1/3), and its associated TGP documents, into detailed practical guidance for the harmonized examination of distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) and, in particular, to identify appropriate characteristics for the examination of DUS and production of harmonized variety descriptions. ASSOCIATED DOCUMENTS These Test Guidelines should be read in conjunction with the General Introduction and its associated TGP documents. Other associated UPOV documents: TG/163/3 Apple Rootstocks TG/192/1 Ornamental Apple * These names were correct at the time of the introduction of these Test Guidelines but may be revised or updated. [Readers are advised to consult the UPOV Code, which can be found on the UPOV Website (www.upov.int), for the latest information.] i:\orgupov\shared\tg\applefru\tg 14 9 e.doc TG/14/9 Apple, 2005-04-06 - 2 - TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1. SUBJECT OF THESE TEST GUIDELINES..................................................................................................3 2. MATERIAL REQUIRED ...............................................................................................................................3 -
A Manual Key for the Identification of Apples Based on the Descriptions in Bultitude (1983)
A MANUAL KEY FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF APPLES BASED ON THE DESCRIPTIONS IN BULTITUDE (1983) Simon Clark of Northern Fruit Group and National Orchard Forum, with assistance from Quentin Cleal (NOF). This key is not definitive and is intended to enable the user to “home in” rapidly on likely varieties which should then be confirmed in one or more of the manuals that contain detailed descriptions e.g. Bunyard, Bultitude , Hogg or Sanders . The varieties in this key comprise Bultitude’s list together with some widely grown cultivars developed since Bultitude produced his book. The page numbers of Bultitude’s descriptions are included. The National Fruit Collection at Brogdale are preparing a list of “recent” varieties not included in Bultitude(1983) but which are likely to be encountered. This list should be available by late August. As soon as I receive it I will let you have copy. I will tabulate the characters of the varieties so that you can easily “slot them in to” the key. Feedback welcome, Tel: 0113 266 3235 (with answer phone), E-mail [email protected] Simon Clark, August 2005 References: Bultitude J. (1983) Apples. Macmillan Press, London Bunyard E.A. (1920) A Handbook of Hardy Fruits; Apples and Pears. John Murray, London Hogg R. (1884) The Fruit Manual. Journal of the Horticultural Office, London. Reprinted 2002 Langford Press, Wigtown. Sanders R. (1988) The English Apple. Phaidon, Oxford Each variety is categorised as belonging to one of eight broad groups. These groups are delineated using skin characteristics and usage i.e. whether cookers, (sour) or eaters (sweet). -
Nomenclature and Typification of Names in Cerasus (Rosaceae)
J. Jpn. Bot. 91(5): 290–294 (2016) Nomenclature and Typification of Names in Cerasus (Rosaceae) a, b Toshio KATSUKI * and Hiroshi IKEDA aTama Forest Science garden, Forestry and Forest Products research Institute, National Research and Development Agency, Japan, 1833-81, Todori, Hachioji, Tokyo 193-0843 JAPAN; bThe University Museum, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 JAPAN *Corresponding author: [email protected] (Accepted on September 3, 2016) For the revised edition of the “Wild Flowers of Japan” (Heibonsha Ltd., Publishers), several new names are needed for the account of Cerasus (Rosaceae). Five new combinations, C. ×chichibuensis (H. Kubota & Moriya) T. Katsuki & H. Ikeda, C. ×kubotana (Kawas.) T. Katsuki & H. Ikeda, C. ×subhirtella (Miq.) Masam. & Suzuki f. hisauchiana (Koidz. ex Hisauti) T. Katsuki & H. Ikeda; f. tama-clivorum (Oohara, Seriz. & Wakab.) T. Katsuki & H. Ikeda; and f. koshiensis (Koidz.) T. Katsuki & H. Ikeda, are proposed. Prunus takasawana H. Kubota & Funatsu, an invalid name, is proposed as nothovar. takasawana T. Katsuki & H. Ikeda under C. ×oneyamensis (Hayashi) H. Ohba. Lectotype of Prunus koshiensis Koidz. is designated. Key words: Cerasus, interspecific hybrid,Prunus , Rosaceae, typification. “Wild Flowers of Japan”, published by nom. illeg.; in K. Iwats. & al., Fl. Jap. IIb: 141 Heibonsha (Satake et al. 1981, 1982, 1989) is (2001), nom. illeg.] the most popular series of handbooks covering Type: JAPAN. Honshu, Saitama, Chichibu, all wild plants in Japan. That work is now being Konsenjihara (T. Moriya s.n., 13 Apr. 1958, TNS revised. In connection with the revision, six new 146910–holotype, designated by Koyama and names are proposed for the account of Cerasus Kawasaki 1993). -
(Prunus Subgenus Cerasus) Cultivars Using Nuclear SSR Markers
Breeding Science 62: 248–255 (2012) doi:10.1270/jsbbs.62.248 Clone identification in Japanese flowering cherry (Prunus subgenus Cerasus) cultivars using nuclear SSR markers Shuri Kato*1), Asako Matsumoto1), Kensuke Yoshimura1), Toshio Katsuki2), Kojiro Iwamoto2), Yoshiaki Tsuda3), Shogo Ishio4), Kentaro Nakamura4), Kazuo Moriwaki5), Toshihiko Shiroishi6), Takashi Gojobori6) and Hiroshi Yoshimaru2) 1) Department of Forest Genetics, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan 2) Tama Forest Science Garden, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1833-81 Todorimachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 193-0843, Japan 3) Department of Evolutionary Functional Genomics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden 4) Tsukuba Research Institute, Sumitomo Forestry Co., Ltd., 3-2, Midorigahara, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2646, Japan 5) RIKEN BioResource Center, 3-1-1 Koyadai,Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan 6) National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan Numerous cultivars of Japanese flowering cherry (Prunus subgenus Cerasus) are recognized, but in many cases they are difficult to distinguish morphologically. Therefore, we evaluated the clonal status of 215 des- ignated cultivars using 17 SSR markers. More than half the cultivars were morphologically distinct and had unique genotypes. However, 22 cultivars were found to consist of multiple clones, which probably originate from the chance seedlings, suggesting that their unique characteristics have not been maintained through propagation by grafting alone. We also identified 23 groups consisting of two or more cultivars with identical genotypes. Most members of these groups were putatively synonymously related and morphologically iden- tical. However, some of them were probably derived from bud sport mutants and had distinct morphologies. -
INF03 Reduce Lists of Apple Varieites
ECE/TRADE/C/WP.7/GE.1/2009/INF.3 Specialized Section on Standardization of Fresh Fruit and Vegetables Fifty-fifth session Geneva, 4 - 8 May 2009 Items 4(a) of the provisional agenda REVISION OF UNECE STANDARDS Proposals on the list of apple varieties This note has been put together by the secretariat following the decision taken by the Specialized Section at its fifty-fourth session to collect information from countries on varieties that are important in international trade. Replies have been received from the following countries: Canada, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Slovakia, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland and the USA. This note also includes the documents compiled for the same purpose and submitted to the fifty-second session of the Specialized Section. I. Documents submitted to the 52nd session of the Specialized Section A. UNECE Standard for Apples – List of Varieties At the last meeting the 51 st session of the Specialized Section GE.1 the delegation of the United Kingdom offered to coordinate efforts to simplify the list of apple varieties. The aim was to see what the result would be if we only include the most important varieties that are produced and traded. The list is designed to help distinguish apple varieties by colour groups, size and russeting it is not exhaustive, non-listed varieties can still be marketed. The idea should not be to list every variety grown in every country. The UK asked for views on what were considered to be the most important top thirty varieties. Eight countries sent their views, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, USA, Slovakia, Germany Finland and the Czech Republic. -
THE BETTER ORIENTAL CHERRIES Is Always Much Interest in the Oriental Flowering Cherries at This Time Therethroughout the Eastern United States
ARNOLDIA A continuation of the BULLETIN OF POPULAR I~1FORMATION of the Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University VOLUME 10 AYRIL 28, I9aO NUMBER 3 THE BETTER ORIENTAL CHERRIES is always much interest in the oriental flowering cherries at this time THEREthroughout the eastern United States. In Washington, l’hiladelphia, New York and other eastern cities extensive plantings of them can be seen in late April when they first burst into bloom, for the flowers have the most desirable trait of appearing before the leaves (in the case of most single flowered forms) or with the leaves in the case of the double flowered forms. Certainly in no cases are the flowers hidden by the fohage! In New England there are some that are perfectly hardy, some that are hardy in all but the most severe winters, and others which should not be grown at all, either because they are tender, or be- cause they are similar in flower to some of the better species and varieties. The Arnold Arboretum has been responsible for the introduction of many of these oriental trees and has planted numerous varieties over the years. Charles Sprague Sargent, Ernest Henry Wilson and others have been outstanding in the study and introduction of many of these plants, so it may prove helpful to gar- deners in New England to review some information about these plants at this t~me, as they come into flower. The Sargent Cherry is the tallest of all, being a standard tree up to 75 feet in height, although m this country few trees have exceeded 50 feet. -
Flowering Cherries
About Cherries The Flowering Cherries Cherries are distinguished from other The University holds more than 240 varieties of flowering The trees by having clusters of buds at the cherry and was bestowed with the award of National ends of the twigs (only oak also has this Collection by Plant Heritage in 2012. While many of the National feature) and usually a smooth bark with trees are still young, the collection builds upon the long more or less regularly placed rougher history of cherries on the campus using the expertise of Collection lines running part or all the way round Chris Sanders, a noted plantsman and expert on flowering the trunk. These are the lenticels, loose cherries. It has been partly funded by Plant Heritage but of corky areas that allow gasses into and primarily by generous donations of alumni in memory out of the trunk. of Jon Ivinson, and by Philip Davies and his family. In In the summer they may also have addition to these cherries we have a number of mature Flowering cherries, of course, and usually superb cherries from earlier plantings. autumn colours! Rather than being all in one place, the cherries have been Cherries scattered around the campus. The map and index should The Flowers help you to find them. at Keele University Cherry flowers can have between 5 and 300 petals and can be divided Japanese Cherry Names into 4 groups depending on the Many names have highly involved histories. The pride of number of petals. our collection are the Matsumae cherries raised 50 years ago around Matsumae Town, Hokkaido by Masatoshi Asari. -
The Nomenclature of Cultivated Japanese Flowering Cherries (Prunus): the Sato-Zakura Group
The Nomenclature of Cultivated Japanese Flowering Cherries (Prunus): The Sato-zakura Group ^, United States Agricultural National IL§Ji) Department of Research Arboretum ^jgp^ Agriculture Service Contribution Number 5 Historic, archived document Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practice Abstract Jefferson, Roland M., and Kay Kazue Wain. 1984. The nomenclature of cultivated Japanese flowering cherries {Prunus): The Sato-zakura group. U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Arboretum Contribution No. 5, 44 pp. Japanese flowering cherries are grown all over the temperate world. Wherever they occur, nomenclature problems exist. Before any serious taxonomical study of this complex plant group can be made, a solution to these problems is necessary. This publication offers a logical way to solve them. For the first time, it brings existing names used for Japanese flowering cherries into conformity with the "International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants-1980" and separates selections of cultivated origin from all other botanical taxa of Prunus. Further, it provides a means for naming future Japanese flowering cherry introductions of unknown or confused origins so that their status in horticultural nomenclature is clearly established. KEYWORDS: Cherry blossoms, flowering cherries, Japanese flowering cherries, oriental flowering cherries, ornamental cherries, Prunus donarium, Prunus lannesiana, Prunus Sato-zakura group, Prunus serrulata, Sakura, Sato-zakura, Yama-zakura, zakura. The Nomenclature of Cultivated Japanese Flowering Cherries (Prunus): The Sato-zakura Group By Roland M. Jefferson and Kay Kazue Wain \ United States Agricultural National Arboretum |j Department of Research Agriculture Service Contribution Number 5 Foreword Prunus comprises 400 species growing naturally in the Northern Hemisphere. It is the genus in which all of our stone fruits are found—almonds, apricots, cherries, nectarines, peaches, and plums. -
Penetration of Surface-Applied ^Ca Into Apple Fruitî
J. hort. Sei. (1973) 48,261-27 0 Penetration of surface-applied ^Ca into apple fruitî By B. J. VAN GOOR, Institutefo r Soil Fertility, Haren(Gr.) ,Th eNetherland s SUMMARY Theuptake o f* 5Caapplie dt oth eski no fappl efrui t wasexamine di nth elaborator y withregar d to thepractic eo f sprayingwit hcalciu msolution s to prevent bitter pit. The speed of penetration of45 Ca from a drop on the fruit surface was found to bemuc hhighe r under conditions of 50-80% relativehumidit y ofth e airtha n at saturation. Evaporation ofth e drop apparently strongly influenced the absorption of Ca into the apple. Penetration was faster in cv. Cox's Orange Pippin than in James Grieve. The Ca which entered the fruit remained either in the skin or immediately beneath it. When45 Cawa sapplie dmor etha n once,th esubsequen t treatments, especially those applied at high relativehumidity , wereles seffective . It isconclude d that for practical purposes it would be advisable to spray repeatedly when the relative humidity islow . Toreduc e the incidence of thephysiologica l diseasebitte r pit in different varieties ofapple , it has for sometim e been the practice to spray the trees with solutions of Ca saltsi n water (Baxter, 1960;Marti n etal, 1965;va n der Boon etal, 1968;an d many other authors). A reductioni nbitte rpi tha s alsobee n obtainedb ydippin gapple si nC asolution s after picking (Bangerth, 1970). As the results of spray treatments in orchards have been inconclusive, various laboratories conducted research on the uptake of Ca byth e fruit after spraying. -
Apple Pollination Groups
Flowering times of apples RHS Pollination Groups To ensure good pollination and therefore a good crop, it is essential to grow two or more different cultivars from the same Flowering Group or adjacent Flowering Groups. Some cultivars are triploid – they have sterile pollen and need two other cultivars for good pollination; therefore, always grow at least two other non- triploid cultivars with each one. Key AGM = RHS Award of Garden Merit * Incompatible with each other ** Incompatible with each other *** ‘Golden Delicious’ may be ineffective on ‘Crispin’ (syn. ‘Mutsu’) Flowering Group 1 Very early; pollinated by groups 1 & 2 ‘Gravenstein’ (triploid) ‘Lord Suffield’ ‘Manks Codlin’ ‘Red Astrachan’ ‘Stark Earliest’ (syn. ‘Scarlet Pimpernel’) ‘Vista Bella’ Flowering Group 2 Pollinated by groups 1,2 & 3 ‘Adams's Pearmain’ ‘Alkmene’ AGM (syn. ‘Early Windsor’) ‘Baker's Delicious’ ‘Beauty of Bath’ (partial tip bearer) ‘Beauty of Blackmoor’ ‘Ben's Red’ ‘Bismarck’ ‘Bolero’ (syn. ‘Tuscan’) ‘Cheddar Cross’ ‘Christmas Pearmain’ ‘Devonshire Quarrenden’ ‘Egremont Russet’ AGM ‘George Cave’ (tip bearer) ‘George Neal’ AGM ‘Golden Spire’ ‘Idared’ AGM ‘Irish Peach’ (tip bearer) ‘Kerry Pippin’ ‘Keswick Codling’ ‘Laxton's Early Crimson’ ‘Lord Lambourne’ AGM (partial tip bearer) ‘Maidstone Favourite’ ‘Margil’ ‘Mclntosh’ ‘Red Melba’ ‘Merton Charm’ ‘Michaelmas Red’ ‘Norfolk Beauty’ ‘Owen Thomas’ ‘Reverend W. Wilks’ ‘Ribston Pippin’ AGM (triploid, partial tip bearer) ‘Ross Nonpareil’ ‘Saint Edmund's Pippin’ AGM (partial tip bearer) ‘Striped Beefing’ ‘Warner's King’ AGM (triploid) ‘Washington’ (triploid) ‘White Transparent’ Flowering Group 3 Pollinated by groups 2, 3 & 4 ‘Acme’ ‘Alexander’ (syn. ‘Emperor Alexander’) ‘Allington Pippin’ ‘Arthur Turner’ AGM ‘Barnack Orange’ ‘Baumann's Reinette’ ‘Belle de Boskoop’ AGM (triploid) ‘Belle de Pontoise’ ‘Blenheim Orange’ AGM (triploid, partial tip bearer) ‘Bountiful’ ‘Bowden's Seedling’ ‘Bramley's Seedling’ AGM (triploid, partial tip bearer) ‘Brownlees Russett’ ‘Charles Ross’ AGM ‘Cox's Orange Pippin’ */** ‘Crispin’ (syn. -
Cherry Trees (Prunus Species) the U. S. Tradition of Planting Hundreds
1 Collyer Lane, Basking Ridge, NJ 07920 email: [email protected] Website: http://www.bernards.org/boards_commissions/shade_tree/default.aspx Cherry Trees (Prunus species) The U. S. tradition of planting hundreds or even thousands of cherry trees dates back to 1885 when Eliza Scidmore was impressed with the beauty of the flowering cherries on a visit to Japan. On return, she began to promote the idea of planting large groves of Japanese cherries in the Washington, DC parks. At first the government showed little interest in her suggestion, but some individuals imported trees for their gardens and this piqued the interest of others in the area. David Fairchild bought 1000 trees and planted them in Chevy Chase, MD and later donated saplings to DC schools in recognition of Arbor Day. Fairchild also suggested a "field of cherries" be planted in what is now known as the tidal basin. Meanwhile Eliza Scidmore wrote a letter to Helen Taft, the wife of the newly elected president Howard Taft, promoting Fairchild's idea. This led to the purchase of 90 cherry trees that were planted along the Potomac River. Via diplomatic channels a donation of 2000 cherry trees was made by Japan's capital city, Tokyo, as a sign of friendship with the US. This first shipment in 1910 of 2000 trees was seriously affected by various insect and disease problems and was removed and burned. In 1912 the Japanese government shipped a new batch of 3020 cherry trees, consisting of eight different cultivars, to replace the original shipment. These trees were planted in Tidal Basin in West Potomac Park.