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ILAM HALL – NATIONAL TRUST BUILDINGS Ilam, Staffordshire

Historic Building Record on behalf of the National Trust

June 2019 Final

Document No: TJC2019.34 OASIS No: thejesso1-358662

ILAM HALL – NATIONAL TRUST BUILDINGS, Ilam, Staffordshire Historic Building Record - Report TJC2019.34

Office contact details The JESSOP Consultancy The JESSOP Consultancy The JESSOP Consultancy Cedar House Unit 18B, Cobbett Road The Old Tannery 38 Trap Lane Zone 1 Business Park Hensington Road Sheffield Burntwood Woodstock South Yorkshire Staffordshire Oxfordshire S11 7RD WS7 3GL OX20 1JL

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Disclaimer This document has been prepared with the best data made available at the time of survey and research. It is, therefore, not possible to guarantee the accuracy of secondary data provided by another party, or source. The report has been prepared in good faith and in accordance with accepted guidance issued by the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists 2014. Digital versions of this document may contain images that have been down-sampled and are reduced in quality.

Copyright The copyright of this document is assigned to the Client, however the JESSOP Consultancy must be acknowledged as the author of the document.

TJC The JESSOP Consultancy is the trading name of TJC Heritage Limited, a United Kingdom Registered Company - No.9505554.

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ILAM HALL – NATIONAL TRUST BUILDINGS, Ilam, Staffordshire Historic Building Record - Report TJC2019.34

SUMMARY OF PROJECT DETAILS

OASIS ID: thejesso1-358662 TJC Project Code: C10 Project Type(s): Historic Building Record

National Grid Reference: SK 13130 50656 (centred) County: Staffordshire District/Unitary Authority: Staffordshire Moorlands National Park: Peak District National Park (Staffordshire) Parish: Ilam Elevation (above Ordnance Datum): c.160m

Reference(s): NT HBSMR: 60097 (Ilam Park: Ilam Hall) NT HBSMR: 60098 (Ilam Park: Pepperpot Tower) NT HBSMR: 60159 (Ilam Park: Manor stables) NT HBSMR: 69655 (Ilam Park: Hall Cottage)

Designation Status(s): Ilam Conservation Area (designated 1977) Peak District National Park Coach House and stable block 20yds SW of Ilam Hall NHLE: 1374598, Grade II Ilam Hall and Gardener’s cottage (Hall Cottage) NHLE: 1188713, Grade II* Tower 20 yards N of Ilam Hall (Pepperpot Tower) NHLE: 1038115, Grade II Coah house and stable block c.20 yards SW of Ilam Hall NHLE: 1374598, Grade II

Prepared by James Thomson MCIFA and Victoria Beauchamp PhD Reviewed by Oliver Jessop MCIFA

Date: 12.07.2019

Version: Final

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ILAM HALL – NATIONAL TRUST BUILDINGS, Ilam, Staffordshire Historic Building Record - Report TJC2019.34

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION ...... 2

2 METHODOLOGY ...... 4

3 SITE LOCATION ...... 5

4 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT ...... 6

5 PHASES ...... 23

6 DESCRIPTION OF MANOR STABLES (BUILDING 1) ...... 34

7 DESCRIPTION OF HALL COTTAGE (BUILDING 2) ...... 45

8 DESCRIPTION OF THE PEPPERPOT TOWER (BUILDING 3) ...... 49

9 DESCRIPTION OF THE BOTHY (BUILDING 4) ...... 51

10 DESCRIPTION OF THE LEARNING CENTRE (BUILDING 4) ...... 53

11 STATEMENT OF SIGNFICANCE ...... 56

12 RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 63

13 SUPPORTING INFORMATION ...... 66

Appendix 1 – Historic mapping and illustrations

Appendix 2 – Site photography

Appendix 3 – Listed building descriptions

Appendix 4 – Fieldwork Drawings

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NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY

This report presents the results of a programme of historic building recording of the Stables, Bothy, Learning Centre, Hall Cottage and the Pepperpot Tower located in Ilam Hall and its immediate grounds, at the village of Ilam, Staffordshire, National Grid Reference SK 13126 50661 (centred).

The buildings lie within the Peak District National Park and the Ilam Conservation Area. The Hall and Hall Cottage are listed as Grade II*, the stables and coach house (NHLE: 1374598) are Grade II as is the Pepperpot Tower (NHLE: 1038115)

The overall recording strategy was designed to be compliant with a Level 2/3 (enhanced descriptive) record established by Historic England (2016).

Manor Stables represents a late Georgian purpose-built stable block for a high-status country house, built between 1820 and 1824, and is considered to possess a national level of heritage significance on account of its substantial architectural historical interest. This interest largely derives from the high quality of its architecture and planform, the extent of surviving historic features, and the value these hold in relation to the development of stabling during the early 19th century.

Hall Cottage represents a secondary addition to Ilam Hall, dating to between 1860 and 1880, and considered to possess a national level of heritage significance on account of its high architectural and historical interest. This interest largely derives from the quality of its architecture, including internal fixtures, and its illustrative historical in relation to living conditions of the Head Gardener as one of the households more senior live-in staff.

Pepperpot Tower is thought to have been erected as a set piece landmark at the corner of the walled gardens between 1825-1830 and is considered to possess a high level of heritage significance on account of its exceptional architectural interest.

The Bothy and Learning Centre represent elements of the first phase of Ilam Hall, dating to 1820- 1824, comprising a former wash house and service rooms for the main hall. These structures make an important positive contribution to the significance of the hall, although have both suffered from unsympathetic internal alterations.

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ILAM HALL – NATIONAL TRUST BUILDINGS, Ilam, Staffordshire Historic Building Record - Report TJC2019.34

1 INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND

This report presents the results of a programme of historic building recording of the Stables, Bothy, Learning Centre, Hall Cottage and the Pepperpot Tower located in Ilam Hall and its immediate grounds, at the village of Ilam, Staffordshire (Figure 1), National Grid Reference SK 13126 50661 (centred).

AIMS

This survey has been designed to address a project brief provided by The National Trust (Buck 2018) to provide:

• a comprehensive study of the buildings; a thorough understanding of the significance of the buildings and their relationship with each other and to their landscape setting;

• The analysis will be used to inform a feasibility study for potential development of the buildings and change of use. The subsequent reporting will provide supporting documentation for any future planning applications at the site.

DISSEMINATION

Copies of this report will be distributed to the Client, and the Peak District National Park Authority Site and Monuments Record and Staffordshire Historic Environment Record. In addition, a digital copy will be uploaded to the OASIS (Online AccesS to the Index of archaeological investigationS) with the reference number: thejesso1-358662.

The project archive, including all record photography, survey drawings, research notes and a copy of the report, will be deposited with NT East Midlands Region.

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Figure 1: Site location plan

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2 METHODOLOGY

STANDARDS

The project has been undertaken in accordance with best practice guidelines as set out by the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists (CIfA 2014a & 2014b); and Historic England (2016). The overall recording strategy was designed to be compliant with a Level 2/3 (enhanced descriptive) record established by Historic England (2016).

DOCUMENTARY RESEARCH

The following repositories were consulted in preparing the historic baseline for this report:

1. White Peak Estate Office, National Trust 2. Derbyshire Record Office.

PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORD

The photographic record comprised:

1. General views of the building in its wider setting (HE 2016, photography item 1); 2. The building’s external appearance (HE 2016, photography item 2); 3. Further views may be desirable to reflect the original design intentions of the builder or architect (HE 2016, photography item 3); 4. The overall appearance of the principal rooms and circulation areas where works are proposed (HE 2016, photography item 4); 5. Any external or internal detail, structural or decorative, within areas where works are proposed (HE 2016, photography item 5); 6. Any dates, signage, graffiti, makers plates etc. within areas where works are proposed (HE 2016, photography item 7).

MEASURED SURVEY

Architectural drawings supplied by the project architect were used as a base for archaeological observation. The accuracy of all drawings was checked on site and corrected where required. The drawn record comprised:

3. Annotated measured floor plans at a scale of 1:100 illustrating all archaeological observations (HE 2016, drawn record items 2); 4. Measured drawings of historically significant structural or architectural details at a suitable scale (HE 2016, drawn record items 3 and 5); 5. A plan or plans identifying the location and direction of accompanying photographs (HE 2016, drawn record item 8).

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3 SITE LOCATION

LOCATION OF SITE AND SETTING

The buildings surveyed as part of this project are located within Ilam Park, Staffordshire, and comprise elements of the former Ilam Hall stately home (Figure 2). The Bothy and Learning Centre comprise parts of the larger remnant of the hall (Building 4: now largely occupied by the Youth Hostel Association), with the Manor Stables (Building 1), Hall Cottage (Building 2) and Pepperpot Tower (Building 3) located within its immediate grounds.

GEOLOGY

The underlying geology at the site is Milldale Limestone Formation (British Geological Survey 2019).

DESIGNATION (S)

The buildings lie within the Peak District National Park and the Ilam Conservation Area. The Hall and Hall Cottage are listed as Grade II*, the stables and coach house (NHLE: 1374598) are Grade II as is the Pepperpot Tower (NHLE: 1038115) (Appendix 4).

Figure 2: Location of the surveyed structures

OS map reproduced under Licence No.100056148. Ordnance Survey ® Crown Copyright ©

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4 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT

INTRODUCTION

DE Landscape and Heritage were commissioned by the National Trust to produce a landscape survey of Ilam Parkland and Garden History in 2017. Their comprehensive overview of the history of the estate and useful timeline (p27-28) have been helpful, in combination with other previous reports, in the compilation of this summary history that concentrates primarily on the development of the hall after the purchase of the estate by the Russell family in 1809.

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND TO ILAM HALL

Early history

An estate at Ilam has existed since the Anglo-Saxon period. In 1004 Wulfric Spott gave his land at “Hilum” to the Benedictine Abbey of Burton on Trent. The Staffordshire Record holds a copy of a survey of the manor that is dated to c1114 that documents a church, priest and mill. There are certainly parts of the church of Holy Cross that date from the Anglo-Saxon and Norman period (PDNPA 2012; 1 & 6).

Ilam in the medieval period was an agricultural settlement surrounded by open fields. A 17th Century map shows that the parkland around the hall was part of the Medieval open field system evidenced by areas of ridge and furrow north of the current Hall (PDNPA 2012; 7). After the dissolution of the monasteries in 1529 the Burton Abbey land passed to William Paget, principal secretary to the king. He sold it to John Port in 1547. The Ports built a hall in the 16th Century thought to have been within the vicinity of the terrace to the south of the extant hall (PDNPA 2012; 7) as suggested by a drawing by Mrs Delany in 1756 (DE Landscape 2017; 36).

Describing the area during the time of the hall built by the Port family a tourist stated that Ilam was “a village of a few homes only scattered amongst the trees, a country church with a tower nearly covered in ivy, verdant meadows watered by a busy stream, everywhere sparkling in light, and on a gentle eminence a venerable mansion, the Old Hall, rising out of, and backed by, luxuriant foliage…which is one of the most romantic little vales that nature ever formed” (quoted in Morris 1866, 41). The conservation area appraisal by PDNPA describes that in the addition to the building of the hall the Ports influenced the landscape by altering the course of the River Manifold, the construction of several zigzagging paths leading from the south of the garden to the river, and the construction of a haha (2012; 8).

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By the 19th Century there were 10 cottages and 1 farm, Townend farm, recorded in the village and some other out outlying farms (PDNPA 2012; 9).

Watts-Russell

In 1809, following the death of John Port in 1807, the Ilam estate was put up for sale (Staffordshire Gazette 9th May 1840; 4). In adverts at the time the hall was described as having “offices, gardens, pleasure grounds, plantations, hanging woods and rich paddocks pleasingly timbered and intersected by the river presenting one of the most charming and interesting scenes of picturesque beauty” The estate contained “altogether near 1000 acres, chiefly meadow and pasture lying within a ring fence with farmhouses and outbuildings. A genteel residence on a small scale, a public house and sundry cottages now in the possession of Messrs Tomlinson, Hodgkinson, Phillips, Smith, Oakden etc. at old rents, and all tenants ‘at will’ except for one farm, the lease of which has nearly expired. The estate abounds with limestone and both lead and copper have been discovered on the premises. The River Dove is famous for fine trout and that scares fish the Grayling” (Derby Mercury 10 August 1809; 2). On the 26th August the Staffordshire Advertiser noted that the estate had been disposed of by private contract on the 22nd of August ahead of the advertised auction that was to take place on the 26th (p1).

The estate was bought by Jesse Russell for his son and fiancée Mary Watts. Jesse Russell was a prosperous soap manufacturer and investor. Mary’s father, David Pike Watts, was a brewer and vintner in London. Jesse Russell (jun) and Mary Watts married in 1811 and made Ilam their principal seat (Jesse also owned Biggin House in Northamptonshire). In the announcement in the Morning Post of their wedding at the end of January it was stated that Jesse (jun) was of Ilam Hall, his father was of Walthamstow and David Pike Watts was of Portland Place (30th January; 3). Jesse took the name Watts by Royal Licence in 1817 (Burkes Peerage 1847) in order to continue the name as both Watts’ sons had been killed during the Napoleonic Wars (Mottram). Jesse Russell Watts had plans for his new home and 1820 began to sell off the contents of the old hall including the “furniture, plate glass windows, mahogany and other doors, marble chimney-pieces” (Derby Mercury 22 November 1820; 2).

Between 1821 and 1826 Jesse Watts-Russell pulled down the old hall and built the current one.

The drawings showing the Gothick style employed by John Shaw are held in the RIBA library and dated 1821 (Appendices 8-12). The hall was built by James Trubshaw, his diaries giving a snapshot of the process including a trip to Derby to check on the bronze window casements and the

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complaint by Watt Russell of having to travel to Ilam to lay the foundation stone on the 24th January 1821 (DE Landscape 2017; 51).

John Shaw, architect, was born in Kent in 1776. After being articled to George Gwilt he began practicing in 1798 and designed country houses such as Clifden, Buckinghamshire; Blendon Hall, Kent; Rooks' Nest, Surrey; and Cresswell Hall, Northumberland. He also designed the new church of St. Dunstan, Fleet Street, London, which was completed in 1833. A few years before he started work at Ilam he was appointed architect and Surveyor of Christ’s Hospital, London in 1816. Some of the detailing he used at Ilam such as the castellations and tower can be seen amongst the later alterations and additions he proposed at Newstead Abbey in 1829 (RIBA Images RIBA20066). The choice as John Shaw as architect for Ilam may have been due to David Pike Watts connection with Christ’s Hospital (MMTrust). Pike Watts was a patron and died in 1816, the same year Shaw was working on the designs there.

James Trubshaw was born in Staffordshire in 1777. He began work as a builder and his obituary stated that he received patronage from “Mrs Sneyd of Ashcomb, Sir Thomas Cotton Sheppard and Sir George Philips”, becoming engaged eventually as a building contractor to such people as John Shaw at Ilam and Edward Blore. He gained a reputation for the construction of bridges, two of the most notable being Grosvenor Bridge at Chester and the Exeter Bridge at Derby. In the 1850s he was appointed engineer to the Trent and Mersey Canal Company. His obituary compared him to George Stephenson describing his as an “original genius, of great natural talent, and persevering energy” (cited in Staffordshire Advertiser 8th November 1856; 3) He died on the 28th October 1853.

Ebenzer Rhodes visited the hall in 1823 and wrote in the Derbyshire Tourist a year later “Ilam hall, though not entirely finished has a grand effect even at a distance…I stopped to gaze on upon the new mansion, which is a truly noble structure and a proof the professional skill and taste of the architect (John Shaw of Bedford Square London)”. He went on to describe it as a mixture of Elizabethan and gothic styling “the whole appears to admirably conceived, both for picturesque effect and convenience” and noted that it was intended to add a museum, conservatory and picture galley (quoted in Poole 2016; online).

The 1824 glebe map (Appendix 1.1) shows the partially completed hall. The main structure when compared to Shaw’s designs are completed with the exception of the proposed small octagonal structure and connecting room to the block at the north end of the west frontage. The glebe map also shows that the kitchen gardens by this time had been laid out to the north of the hall and two

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hothouses had been built facing south. Also missing at this date, as suggested by Rhodes is the picture gallery and conservatory that would complete the south frontage of the house. The house was completed on the 29th September 1826 (DE Landscape 2017; 51)

In 1828 after the rebuilding of Ilam Hall the main road was altered and the present bridge across the Manifold installed in order to take traffic away from the house (PDNPA 2012; 10).

Around 1838-39 Watts Russell commissioned Sir George Gilbert Scott to design an Alpine style model village. Many of the original buildings were remodelled or demolished. Five picturesque cottages were located to the north-west of Bridge View Cottage (PDNA 2012; 9). This redevelopment Mottram believes was nearing completion when Mary Watts Russell died in 1840 (online article). Scott is also believed to also designed the Gate Lodge, the new Church of England School and to have rebuilt and redesigned much of Holy Cross Church (1855-6). Jesse Watts Russell chose John Macduff, however, to design the memorial cross to his wife Mary in 1841 (Mottram; online) although Trubshaw may also have submitted a design (RIBA31611).

After Mary’s death in 1840 Jesse married twice more to Maria Ellen Baker (1843) and Martha Leech (1862).

In 1845 William Adams in his tourist guide “The Gem of the Peak” that the hall was not a ‘show house’ but that on request and with the right introductions Mr. Russell had “great pleasure in allowing strangers to be conducted through it”. He described his experience of visited describing, “both the exterior and interior magnificence are in happy unison …[with] the perfect feeling of domestic comfort which remained undisturbed by the grandeur” (p243-244). Of the location Morris wrote in 1866 in his County seats of the noblemen and gentlemen of Great Britain that “the situation of Ilam Hall is extremely beautiful and the house itself is well adapted to the scenery which surrounds it” (p41). He noted that the old hall was standing in 1820 but pulled down soon afterwards.

Within the house Morris noted there was a library, music-room and 80 feet long picture gallery that also included models of ancient ruins including the ancient walls of Rome, the temple of Minerva Medica and the temple of Tivoli. In the dining room was the font of Raphel that Morris says was once held in Florence.

Jesse Watts Russell died in 1875 and the estate was sold, his eldest son preferring to live at Biggin House in Northamptonshire. The contents of the picture gallery along with decorative objects, porcelain and tapestries were sold in early July (Morning Post July 5th 1875; 7). The Hall was initially put up for sale on the 21st July. Adverts for the hall stated that it contained “40 principal, secondary

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and servants bedrooms, dressing rooms, a suite of reception rooms and private apartments that had recently been redecorated and extensive domestic offices. There was also “beautiful lawns, pleasure grounds, walled gardens and extensive ranges of glass houses…good stabling for 11 horses, a large carriage house etc. and useful outbuildings” (Derby Mercury 30th June 1875; 1), church, farm buildings and village powered by the River Manifold. (Poole 2016; online).

Hanbury

The hall and estate initially failed to sell at auction but as was reported in August that it had been sold to Robert Hanbury, M.P for Tamworth (Eddowes's Journal, 18th August 1875; 5). In September the auctioneers Daniel Smith Son and Oakley were instructed to sell the contents of the Hall (Staffordshire Advertiser 04 September 1875; 8). A note in the Building News dated the 4th April 1884 recorded that a contract for heating apparatus at the Hall had been awarded to R Gibbs of Liverpool (p539). The firm specialised in manufacturing and installing the High Pressure Hot Heating (HPHW) systems (hevac-heritage online). Hanbury was also responsible for bringing electric lighting to the estate properties including the hall, which would have required a generating house, the location of which has not been identified as part of this project.

Ordnance Survey mapping of 1881 and 1898 (Appendices 1.4-1.5) show a number of additions to the hall, including the construction of a large array of glasshouse to the south-west of the stable block,

In 1895 Hanbury was made Financial Secretary to the treasury and in 1900 became President of the Board of Agriculture (Poole 2016; online).

Hanbury and Bowring

Hanbury died in 1903, his will was contested by his wife Ellen. It was concluded she did have the right to remain and that on her death it should pass to one of seven nieces. Ellen remarried in 1904. Her and her new husband Victor Bowring first attempted to sell the estate in 1910. The initial auction was for the whole estate but it received no offers and the estate was split into lots, the first consisting of the Hall, grounds, farms and 852 acres. However due to the conditions on Hanbury’s will the Court of Chancery set a reserve price of £54,000 which wasn’t met (Derbyshire Advertiser and Journal 30 July 1910; 7).

The 1910 Sale Catalogue (NT Office) noted the hall was surrounded by delightful old gardens (p3) in a magnificently timbered park. It also noted that water was pumped from springs in the park by

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a self-acting Blake’s Ram to cisterns within the house, electric light was installed in the house and connected with the engine room and battery house. The house was heated throughout (p9).

Backhouse

The couple remained at the hall until 1926 when it was again put up for sale but again failed to meet the reserve price (Derby Daily Telegraph 16 August 1926; 1). In 1927 Edward C.S. Backhouse brought the estate and converted parts of the house to a restaurant and a hotel. The grounds were open daily from April. In 1931 an advert in the Derby Daily Telegraph stated there was ample free parking, an 18-hole miniature golf course, archery, miniature rifle range, maze walks and a ballroom for dancing (Derby Daily Telegraph 1 April 1931; 6). Booking from parties and motor rallies were welcomed. One club to use the grounds was the Nottingham Gliding Club who in June 1931 attempted to break the gliding duration record which then stood at 3hours 40 minutes (Derby Daily Telegraph 27th June 1931; 5). A note in an illustrated booklet about the hall produced around this time noted rooms could be let from 12-15s per day including breakfast, luncheon, afternoon tea and Table d’Hote dinner. To have a fire in the bedroom was extra (p14).

In November 1931 the Nottingham Journal announced that plans for a new Youth Hostel Scheme in the East Midlands was progressing and that, “Ilam Hall, subject to the completion of arrangements now well in hand will be open to ramblers by the end of January”(p9). The plan was rent rooms for four dormitory bedrooms that accommodated 10 men and 10 women, a large common room, kitchen and showers. The hostel opened for Easter 1932 at a charge of 1/- a night (Derbyshire Daily Telegraph 26 Jan; 11). The initiative initially appeared popular and Backhouse allowed any extra people to be accommodated in the hall. However, it was a less popular location in winter and in 1933 Backhouse was declared bankrupt and put the hall up for sale in September (Poole 2016; online).

In the sale catalogue it stated that it had been run by Backhouse as a “public pleasure ground and catering establishment. A new Renton and Gibbs Hydraulic boiler and new hot water supply had been fitted to all bathrooms and the kitchen have been fitted with a Briffault Flat Range with four ovens and central flues…Three grass tennis courts, a miniature 9-hole Golf Course have been laid out” (DRO 331/25/70).

An account of the sale in the Derby Daily Telegraph dated the 21st September (p5) reported:

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“The mansion was built by Jesse Watts Russell about 113 years ago of freestone on the Tudor Gothic style with Norman Towers. For many years it was the residence of Mr R.W. Hanbury, Minister of Agriculture, latterly it has been occupied by Mr E.C.S. Backhouse, the owner.”

Twigg

The hall, grounds and fishing rights were sold to Mr. William Twigg, constructional engineer, Matlock for £1,600. Mr Twigg told the Derby Daily Telegraph that he intended to sell the property. If he had not done so in a few months he would demolish it and sell the valuable fittings.

Other lots at the sale included a four roomed bungalow cottage, withdrawn at £500; a plantation comprising of 15a, 2r, 30p together with a four roomed cottage brought by Mr Kerfoot for £275; plantation site 2r, 19p suitable for a motor park sold to Mr Clifford Sellers for £45; a stone cottage residence with 4 rooms withdrawn at £300 a close of parkland comprising of 9a, 2r, 20p sold to Mr. Kerfoot for £350.

McDougall

Twigg sold the hall in 1934 to Robert McDougall, a flour manufacturer from Cheadle Hume. He tried to gift it to the Stoke-on-Trent Corporation, but it was rejected due to the cost of maintenance and inaccessibility.

McDougall decided that part of the hall should be let to the Youth Hostel Association who would manage the kitchen garden and run a tea-room for the public and a conference room created from the entrance hall. As the Youth Hostel Association did not need the more formal parts of the hall it was agreed with McDougall that this part of the house would be demolished. According to Porter (1999) it was Cadbury who saved the Inner Hall, donating £500 after he heard there were plans to demolish it the day after his visit. The formal agreement between the National Trust and the YHA were concluded in 1935.

The project was costed at £3000 (Poole 2016; online) but the final figure was nearer £4000 (Porter, 1999) and was supported by Cadbury, McDougall and the Carnegie Trust. W.A. Cadbury opened the youth hostel in September 1935 although Porter says that by this date 2,700 people had spent the night there. At the time it was the largest youth hostel in England with 150 beds and occupied the entrance hall and east wing of the hall. McDougall died in 1938.

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National Trust

Ilam Park was gifted by McDougall to the National Trust. The Derby Daily Telegraph (17 November 1934; 4) wrote: “By the purchase of Church Lodge with four acres of grounds on the banks of the Manifold, Mr Robert McDougall has now acquired for the National Trust the whole of the Ilam estate”.

During the war the house was used for a short time to house 29 Czech refugees. The Youth hostel closed in September 1939 and it was used by the Derby Health Committee to provide accommodation for blind people evacuated from Derby until 1943. After the war the hall was re- opened as a Youth Hostel (Poole 2016; online).

In 2019 the Hall continues to be used by the Youth Hostel Association who hold a 20-year lease on the use of the hall which expires in 2030. Ilam Park and the nearby Dovedale are managed by the National Trust.

MANOR STABLES (BUILDING 1)

There has historically been some suggestion that the Manor Stables may represent a remodelling, or rebuilding on the footprint of, the earlier 17th Century hall at Ilam. The theory that the stable block was older than the house may have originated in the 1930s. A guide book produced when the estate was run by Backhouse as a pleasure park has an illustration of the stable block suggests that the stable block was the “old manor house” (Appendix 1.20), whilst papers in 1935 recording the demolition of the main part of the hall was intended to reveal ‘the old house’ (Nottingham Weekly Guardian, 3 Nov. 1935; also see highlight of possibility for earlier surviving fabric in listing description, Appendix 3). Clarification of this is also identified as a research question of the Ilam Parkland and Garden History report by DE Landscape & Heritage (2017).

Evidence for the location of the old hall is largely dependent on a sketch of the hall produced in 1807, and an earlier view from its doorstep dating to c.1758 (Appendix 1.13). Recreation of the viewpoint of the latter by DE Landscape & Heritage indicated that the sketch appeared to be from a spot near to the south-east of the stables. The sketch of the hall appears to the westward aspect of the hall, showing a rectangular building of three storeys with a one or two storey crenulated wing to its south. The east front is of seven bays, regularly ordered, with vertical sash windows and labelled hood moulds. Whilst the evidence suggests the old hall was within the vicinity of the stable building and new hall of the1820s, there are no apparent similarities between the depiction of the hall and the extant stables building.

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It is uncertain whether the stables formed part of John Shaw’s original designs for the hall, the surviving plans not extended to include structures within its grounds. The house and stables do, however, share an axis which suggests the purposeful planning of one against the other, whilst their proximity, complementary gothic design and variety of roof forms reflect the fashion for the picturesque that developed during the late Georgian period further suggesting they formed part of the same planned composition.

The earliest evidence of the stable block is its depiction of its plan on the 1824 Glebe Map where it is shown clearly shown to the west of the newly built hall (Appendix 1.1). The existing stables had, by this date, apparently been completed, with the map showing a close correlation with the extant building including regular planned structure arranged around three sides of a central courtyard, with the north and south wings also projecting a short distance beyond the west elevation. The east elevation of the east range is shown to have two small protrusions, potentially marking out the buttresses either side of the cart sheds.

The 1838 tithe map (Appendix 1.2) shows the southern wing of the stable block attached to the main hall, the picture gallery and conservatory having been completed, although there is no separate mention of the stables made within the schedule. This extension is shown as continuous with the southern wing which, similarly to the northern wing, have dividing lines between them and the central eastern range. The form of surrounding boundaries is also shown, illustrating the narrow passage along the southern elevation and narrow yard to the west had been established.

The same arrangement is shown on Cobb’s 1839 survey, with shading is used to break up the building into three blocks (Appendix 1.2).

A copy of a painting of the hall thought to have been made by John Buckler in c.1830 (Appendix 1.14) shows the pitched finialled gable of the southern wing of the stables, and possibly a chimney emerging from the gable to its west. Of interest, the stables do not appear on the engraving by Rayner in 1838, the artist apparently preferring to depict the hall in isolation, whilst the finialed gable of the south wing is again visible on the view of Ilam Hall by Rev F. Morris in c.1880 (Appendix 1.15).

The 1871 census suggest that the rooms over the coach house were occasionally used for accommodation. In that year William Morrell, coachman and domestic servant lived there with his wife Kezia (30) and children William (3) and Annie (2 months). No other census records were found recording occupation above the coach house, although later 20th century sale records note the continued presence of accommodation in the building.

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In 1875 adverts regarding the sale of Ilam after the death of Jesse Watts Russell stated that “there is good stabling for 11 horses, a large carriage house etc. and useful outbuildings, the whole in excellent condition” (Derby Mercury 30 June 1875; 1).

On the 1881 Ordnance Survey (OS) map (Appendix 1.4) shows broadly the same design for the stables as Cobb’s survey, the only notable exception is the small step out of the east wall of the central block where the building joins the southern block.

The 1900 OS map (Appendix 1.5) shows the building again largely unchanged, although the small corner structure of the preceding OS edition is no longer depicted and the line of the arcaded passage along the eastern front of the cart shed is demarked. To the south a glass house is shown abutting the southern elevation of the south wing, covering over the narrow passage visible on earlier maps. To the west of the south wing the map also shows the passage has been widened to form a small yard.

The 1910 sale catalogue noted the stables consisted of a “stone built range, comprising 11 stalls, large coach house, harness and cleaning rooms, loft and four rooms for men. Carpenter’s shop and dog kennels”, with the glasshouse presumably forming part of “a kitchen garden with a range of glasshouses, early and late vineries, peach-houses, stove and greenhouses” (quoted in DE Landscape & Heritage 2017; 76).

By 1922 (Appendix 1.6) the stable block ceased to be attached to the hall, perhaps to allow better access to the glass houses beyond, and a new wall is shown bounding the northern side of the yard. As Robert Hanbury died in 1903 these changes must have been made at the very end of his life or by Ellen Hanbury and Victor Bowring before they sold the estate in 1927.

In 1926 the sale catalogue describes the stabling as being stone built “comprising 11 stalls, harness and cleaning rooms, garage with pit, loft and 4 rooms for men. Carpenters shop and dog kennels. Close by is the Electric Light Station with engine house and 12 H.P. Oil engines and battery store” (p22 Sale Catalogue DRO D302 Z/ES 15). There was not further description in the 1933 sale Catalogue with only Stabling, garage and men’s room being mentioned (DRO D331/25/70).

A photograph (Appendix 1.19) showing the demolition of the hall well underway in the 1930s shows the stables identical to at present, with the exception of a clear roof scar on the east gable of the south wing, presumably corresponding to where the south wing of the hall previously abutted. The open windows on upper floor of the north block of the stables shows they are half opening outward swing casements.

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A further photograph dating to the around the middle of the 20th Century shows one of the National Trust warden’s Land Rovers parked under one of the central arches of the coach house. On either side can be seen the large wooden doors with narrow arched panels. The area behind the vehicle appears open and the central window in the rear wall can be seen (Appendix 1.20). The use of the coach house as a motor garage, correlates with the recorded “garage with pit” of the 1926 sale plan.

Three medium format colour negatives held in the National Trust archive show the upper floor of the stable block in the later 20th Century (c1960-1980) (Appendix 1.21). These illustrate the form and arrangement of the interior of the south wing (room F1), with plastered and painted walls, bare stained timber floor, counter arranged at the western end, net curtains to the windows, and the existing staircase with cast iron railings. A further image shows the mid to late 20th century fireplace of rustic stone in room F10, illustrating it prior to subdivision with F5, and showing a less formal dining space, perhaps the mess room for National Trust Staff or an overspill area for the tea room.

The coach house and stable block were listed as Grade II in March 1985 (NHLE: 1374598)

More recently the Coach house and stable block has been used as a classroom, information area, shop and also provides public conveniences. The first floor of the north wing has been converted into a bunkhouse with three bedrooms sleeping 4-6 people and an open plan kitchen, dining and lounge area. In ground floor the entranceway located in the north west corner of the stable block three shower rooms with toilets have been installed as well as a drying room. The bunkhouse is heated by under floor heating powered by an air source pump.

HALL COTTAGE (BUILDING 2)

When the hall was rebuilt in the 1820s a plan was evidently enacted to also improve the grounds, with the 1838 tithe apportionment describing pleasure grounds, kitchen and flower gardens and shrubberies. It is not until the late 19th Century, however, there is records of the head gardener having separate accommodation within the hall grounds.

Hall Cottage does not appear to have been part of the original vision for the hall with the proposed plans illustrating an octagonal structure on its site (Appendix 1.8; which appears to never have been built). It is similarly not shown in the background to the c.1830 illustration of Ilam Church by John Buckler (Appendix 1.14), or on Cobb’s estate map of 1839.

Prior to its construction the site of the cottage is shown to have been part of the gardens, located outside of the proposed line of the walled garden on the 1824 Glebe Map, but evidently enclosed

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as part of an annex to it by the production of the 1838 Tithe Map (Appendices 1.1-2). Its construction appears to have been connected to the relocation of the kitchen gardens to the west of the hall.

Accommodation for a gardener at Illam Hall first appears in census record of 1861, with the gardener’s cottage itself first named in 1871. It is unlikely that the apprentice would have been living in a cottage of such size, as noted in the 1871 census where the apprentice is listed in the “garden shed”.

Table 1: Occupants of Hall cottage shown in the census records:

Year Given name of property Occupants 1841 Not identified 1851 Not identified 1861 Gardens Thomas Stevens (22) Garden apprentice 1871 Ilam Hall, Gardener’s John Mason (34) Gardener, domestic servant Cottage Mary (30) wife Children: Alfred (6), Eliza (4), Florence (2), Charles W. (3mths) Servant: Jane Holbrook (13) In 1871 two further gardeners are noted as living in the “garden shed”, Alfred Gibson (22) Improver and Frank Johnson (19) apprentice. 1881 No name possibly schedule Joseph Donegalis (31) estate steward 58 Pamela (27) wife Children: Marion (6), Francis (4), Horace (2) Adria (1) Mother in law: Marion Walsh (51) annuitant 1891 Not identified with certainty Only people recorded at the hall were Thomas Carter (36) Head Gardener, domestic servant and his wife Annie Maria (38), 3 children (Frederick (5), Ernest (4) and Gilbert (2)) together with servant Harriet Barnett (21) housemaid. As Thomas was the head gardener, although recorded as being at the hall it is likely that he was living in the Gardener’s cottage at the time.

An advert in the Gardener’s Chronicle (vol. 15; 217) 1894 stated the head gardener was F Billinus. 1901 The Gardens Ernest Newbury (43) gardener/domestic servant Ann (40) wife Children: Edith (13), Ethel (7), Francis (5), Alfred 93) 1911 The Hall Gardens Herbert Bunting (38) Gardener Hannah (35) wife Children: Herbert E (11), Florence (9), Robert 93), Margaret (10 mths). The house was described as having 5 rooms not including any scullery landing, closet or bathroom – Lott (1997) shows six perhaps indicating that one of the ground floor rooms was used as a scullery instead of a sitting room at that point in time).

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John Mason’s, the first known occupant had grown up on the Ilam estate. His father, also John Mason served the Watt Russell family for over 50 years and appears to have lived at Church Lodge. After John died in 1872 Watts-Russell erected his headstone the graveyard at Holy Cross (Grave stone B19) noting he had been “a faithful and valued servant”. John (jun) probably learnt his trade from his father. In 1851 John Mason (sen.) is recorded as the flower gardener at Church Lodge and in 1861 his role is described as farm bailiff. John Mason (jun.) is described in 1861 as a gardener and domestic servant.

The first depiction of the cottage in on the 1875 sale plan, where it is shown more or less as at present and labelled as the Gardeners House (Appendix 1.12). The ground floor plan shows the present hall and stairwell (G3), with a sitting room with fireplace to the east (G1), and a small lobby to its west (now part of G5). Doorways from this lobby led to a further sitting room with fireplace (G4) and the kitchen (G5) shown with a counter to the north-east corner and a copper or oven to the south-east corner that may have formed part of a kitchen range. West of the kitchen was an external door leading into a small courtyard (now part of G6), and a connecting door into a room formed in a narrow western range (G7). Two further rooms at the end of this range, both externally accessed from the exterior, included a store (G8, possibly for coals) and a toilet (G9).

As depicted on the 1881 OS map (Appendix 1.4) Hall Cottage is shown within its own enclosed garden, the gardens to the north no longer shown but their southern boundary potentially still retained. This wall had been removed by the publication of the 1900 OS map (Appendix 1.5), instead a dashed line is shown, marking the edge of a plantation. The boundary to the north of the plantation defined the edge of the northern park and is shown on the 1900 OS map with a rectangular projection. A further two such shapes are shown on the 1922 OS (Appendix 1.6), regularly spaced, including one immediately north of the cottage. The physical remains in this location today include a low stone wall of good quality workmanship (Appendix 2.67). These structures would have originally overlooked the northern park, offering the potential interpretation that they were garden features intended to be viewed when approaching the hall along the northern ride.

The depiction of the cottage itself remains unchanged through these editions of the OS, with the 1910 sale catalogue providing additional details, recording a “head gardeners cottage containing six rooms” (p10), presumably referring to three principal ground floor rooms (as shown on Appendix 1.12) and three chambers above.

In 1926 when the estate was put up for sale the occupant was Mr A.J. Cartwright (Gardener) who was on a service tenancy. The sale catalogue again describes the house as consisting of 6 rooms

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(p22 DRO D302 Z/ES 15). In 1933 the sale catalogue also mentioned that the cottage had a bath and hot and cold water (DRO D331/25/70).

In 1962 plans (Appendix 1.22) were drawn of the ground floor of the cottage as part of an application to Leek R.D.C. for planning permission to make undocumented changes. The plan shows the layout of the ground floor as unchanged since 1875, although potentially omitting a small lobby between the hall and the kitchen that still appears on later plans.

The cottage was listed as Grade II* as part of the listing for the hall in February 1967 (List entry: 1188713)

There is also a set of later plans dated to 1986 (Appendices 1.23-1.24) that show alterations to the outbuildings. The “as existing” plans shows the courtyard west of the kitchen had already been enclosed as G6, and the copper/oven as having been removed from the south-west corner of the kitchen(G5). The large room of the west range is shown to have had a “cold slab”, or thrall, around two of its walls, suggesting this room may have been a pantry. Upstairs we can see that a F4 and F5 were one room, although already converted to a bathroom at this date, with open fires in F1 and F6.

The proposals show numerous alterations, principally including the creation of bathroom in G7, the insertion of a new window into G6, the refurnishing of the kitchen in G5 (including a triancomatic boiler standing on an “incombustible hearth” ) ,the removal of the lobby between G5 and G3, the subdivision of the first-floor room to form F4 and F5, and the blocking of fireplaces in F1 and F6. Permission was granted on the 2nd March 1987 for the changes.

An aerial photograph of the hall shows the cottage prior to these changes (Appendix 1.17)

The cottage remains as a tenanted property.

THE PEPPERPOT TOWER (BUILDING 3)

It is uncertain whether the Pepperpot Tower formed part of John Shaw’s original designs for the hall, the surviving plans not extended to include structures within its grounds. The first depiction of the tower appears in the illustrations by John Bucker in c.1830, (Appendix 1.14) shown to the north-east of the hall and at the corner of a tall walled enclosure (the kitchen gardens). In both the structure appears as at present, comprising an octagonal tower with loopholes, eight-sided domed roof and ball finial. A later illustration by Rayner in 1838 also shows the tower, clearly showing a shield motif in its upper level (Appendix 1.15).

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The tower potentially appears at this same location on the 1838 tithe map, where a small round structure is shown at the south-east corner of the walled gardens, whilst Cobb’s map of 1839 shows, in error, the structure a short distance to its south at the corner of the drive (Appendices 1.2-3). The absence of the tower from the 1824 Glebe Map may be an omission but could illustrate it formed part of the second phase of construction along with the picture gallery in the south wing of the hall.

Ordnance Survey maps show the tower at the corner of the walled garden in 1881, and then remaining as a detached structure following the clearance of the gardens in 1900 (Appendices 1.4- 5). The latter map also shows an indication of the wall enclosing the existing staircase to the tower entrance.

The original function of the tower is believed to have been as a dovecote, corroborated by the 1926 sale catalogue which describes an ornamental stone dovecote in the pleasure grounds (p21 DRO D302 Z/ES 15).

In the mid 20th Century the Pepperpot Tower was converted to male public conveniences with urinal trough and cubical being installed. A photograph of the tower probably taken around mid 20th Century shows the tower as it is today (Appendix 1.18).

THE BOTHY (BUILDING 4)

The bothy is a single room in the northern most block of the western wing of Ilam Hall, abutting one side of a gatehouse between the eastern forecourt and yard behind.

John Shaw’s plans for the hall, dated to 1821 (Appendix 1.9), show this room as forming part of the wash house, with adjoining brewhouse, a common combination in country house design. The both rooms were accessed from a door in the west elevation, with two windows in the wash house overlooking the western yard. A row of sinks or worktops is shown beneath these windows, with a large fireplace in the south wall, and a winder staircase to the first floor in the northeast corner. This same arrangement is shown on the 1875 sale plan, although the sinks along the west wall are not depicted (Appendix 1.12).

Shaw’s elevations of the hall include the western elevation of the bothy (RIBA96321) (Appendix 1.11). The central doorway can clearly be seen between the brewhouse and the washhouse, with two triple casement mullioned windows into the wash house, the same as can be seen on the western frontage today.

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Shaw’s designs may not have been the ideal for the washroom. John Claudius writing in 1842 stated that a washhouse “should be well lighted…and have windows on both sides” (the bothy only has windows on one side). Claudius notes that in the ideal washroom “in one corner of the room the boiler should be placed and over it a supply pipe form a cold water cistern…the floor in every washing house ought to be carefully paved with an inclination of an inch in a yard towards one corner…close under the ceiling there ought to be several openings communicating with the open air to carry off the steam and in the bottom of the door their ought to be correspondent openings to admit fresh air” (p358-9). No evidence for the water cistern, drainage, or ventilation survive within documentary sources or within visible fabric.

Only in 1861 is laundry maid is recorded as living at the Hall, Anne Seargrove.

The 1910 sale catalogue mentions the laundry in the list of Domestic offices as do the subsequent sale catalogues in 1926 and 1933.

Porter notes that when the Youth Hostel opened in 1935 it was hoped to use the “brewhouse wing” for a further 50 beds. For a short time it was used but as the roof was in bad repair the YHA “found it could manage without it. It was therefore handed to the National Trust as surplus to requirements” (1999). Structural evidence suggests it was converted to public conveniences in the mid 20th century, before conversion to its present use as a bothy.

THE LEARNING CENTRE (BUILDING 4)

The Learning Centre is located within the ground floor of the hall, at the south-east corner of the remaining structure.

The building has been significantly remodelled, with John Shaw’s plans of 1821 illustrating how this part of the building originally comprised the north-west corner of the main house, and the eastern end of the north wing (Appendix 1.7). When built, only the northern part of the east elevation and west elevation of this part of the hall was originally external, Shaw’s elevations showing a single pointed arched window in the former and a six-light mullioned and transomed window in the later (Appendices 1.11-12).

The arrangement of G4-G7 has been substantially altered, with G4, G5, G6 and G8 originally comprising a corridor. G7 itself was intended as a family eating room (Appendix 1.7), with fireplaces in its north and south walls. G9 formed a lobby between corridors to the east and west (G11 and G8), a staircase to the north (no longer extant), and a water closet to the south (rooms G10 and G12). G14 and G15 formed the end of a truncated corridor, that previously continued to the north

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(into what is now the Youth Hostel), whilst G16 and G17 still remain as stores (marked as Butler’s Cellar on the 1823 plans, Appendix 1.7). G18 was intended as a wine cellar (Appendix 1.7), shown to be vaulted with a central column and a doorway to the southeast into G5 (now blocked, with the current door relocated to the north).

The visual extent of the changes in this area are clear when comparing the change in the east elevation before and after the demolition (Appendices 1.16-17). The remaining stub of the hall at the end of the north wing was refaced, presumably using material won from the demolition, adding transomed and mullioned windows in east elevation a crenulated canted bay in the south elevation, and a plain parapet.

This area is currently used as a classroom and theatre with office and storage space.

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5 PHASES

INTRODUCTION

The following section presents the results of the archaeological recording. Annotated drawings are included as Appendix 4 and images from the photographic record are included in Appendix 2.

PHASED DEVELOPMENT

The investigation of the building identified 6 principal phases of development which have been attributed to the following periods (Figures 3-8):

Phase 1: 1821-1824 Construction of the Bothy and Learning Centre as part of the first phase of Ilam Hall and Manor Stables Phase 2: 1825-1830 Completion of the Hall and construction of the Pepperpot Tower Phase 3: 1860-1880 Construction of Hall Cottage Phase 4: 1881-1900 Construction of the glasshouses adjacent to Manor Stables Phase 5: 1934-1939 Demolition of the majority of Ilam Hall and conversion Phase 6: 1940-Present Conversion of buildings for public use

Phase 1: 1821-1824

Manor Stables The Manor Stables appear to have formed part of the initial phase of redevelopment of Ilam Hall which commenced in 1821. The Ilam Glebe Map of 1824 shows the main block of the house, its northern ancillary range, and the stables to have been completed.

The principal arrangement of the stables at time of construction comprised 11 stables (four in G1- G3, three in G5, and four in G15), tack and wash rooms (G9 & G11), and a coach house (G10).

Whilst the function of G12 is uncertain, it was heated with two external doors of a width consistent with animal use (plus a possible third that enters under the stairs and which may have originally connected to G12) and providing separate external access away from the central yard. One possible use, given that it was a listed function of the stables in 1875, is as a kennel, with the separate doors providing access to individual pens. If this was its use, its size would suggest kennelling for sporting dogs rather than hunting. The principal hunting kennel may have been that shown above the lake to the north of Town End Farm on the 1838 tithe map, comprising a circular structure with circular

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yard around it divided into eight smaller bays. This kennel was marked as “old kennel” on the 1881 OS and was no longer shown from the 1975 OS.

At first floor there was a single large room above the north range (F15-18), its austerity and position wholly above stables indicating use as a hay loft. The absence of a pitching door anywhere within the building suggests it could have been removed and replaced with a window. The slight variation in the casement, possible replacement of its architrave, and different pointing beneath its sill of the western window of the north elevation could be indicative of such.

The main central range was divided into at least four rooms (F14, F5/F6/F9/F10, F4 & F2), accessed off of a corridor that ran along the inside of the west elevation, and each room potentially having access to a fireplace. These rooms are likely to have served as accommodation for which we have documentary evidence from 1871.

The first floor of the south wing had its own staircase, built from Portland stone and with moulded treads, and internally the trusses were supported on simple moulded corbels. This level of detail is notably different to the north range and is suggestive of it having had a higher status use. The presence of a fireplace in G12 suggests a chimney has likely been removed from the western end of the building that could have included a wall subdividing the floor. The absence of evidence for a ceiling would suggest the use was not domestic, and it is possible that it may have served as the carpenters listed in the building in 1875. If so, how bulky materials were brought into the room is not immediately apparent, although the possible alterations to doors and window in the south elevation and the replacement of the floor could have removed a former taking-in door or trapdoor.

The Bothy The Bothy was constructed as part of the northern ancillary range of Ilam Hall during the first phase of construction. Its original use was as a wash house, with a large fireplace facilitating the heating of water for washing in its southern wall. The room at this time was access from the west.

The Learning Centre The Learning Centre was also part of the first phase of the redevelopment of Ilam Hall, constituting part of the hall itself. The rooms were contained within the north-west corner of the main hall, representing service rooms (G7 & G18), stores (G13, G16 & G17) a water closet (G1 & G12) and corridors (G4-6, G8, G9. G11, G14 and G15) serving the principal rooms of the floors above.

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Phase 2: 1825-1830

Manor Stables The southern range of Ilam Hall, when completed during this phase, butted up to the east elevation of the southern wing of the stables. There is limited evidence surviving within the fabric of the existing structure for these changes, and it is known that there was originally a roof scar following the demolition of the range in the 1930s (Appendix 1.19). Whilst some remedial work to the elevation is likely to have taken place following demolition, there is no evidence for direct communication between the stables and the southern wing.

Pepperpot Tower The Pepperpot Tower does not appear to have part of the initial stage of the redevelopment of the hall, but had been constructed by the 1830, appearing in numerous depictions of the hall at this time (Appendices 1.14-15) and on the 1838 Ilam Tithe Map.

These depictions show the tower at the corner of the walled garden, with structural scars on the present structure indicating the height and position of these walls. Of note is that the garden walls abutted the tower, indicating that the tower came first, and that the two-doorway design appears to have been designed to allow movement from outside of the gardens into their interior.

The original function of the tower is uncertain, although it was undoubtably designed to be an eye- catcher. There is evidence internally for two floor levels, but nothing survives to show whether there was a ladder between these levels. A possible use, put forward in the listing description, is as a dovecote, although no evidence for nesting boxes survives and the structure lacks the landing ledges that are common of this form of structure.

Phase 5: 1860-1880

Hall Cottage Hall Cottage is believed to have been constructed in the late 1860s, with the cottage recorded in the census of 1871 and first depicted on the 1881 Ordnance Survey map.

At time of construction the cottage lay on the new northern extent of the hall complex, the walled gardens having recently been relocated to the west of the stables. Internally the building contained two parlours (G1 & G4), and a kitchen (G5) at ground floor, three chambers above (F1, F3-F5 & F6), and a pantry (G7), store (G9) and outhouse (G8) in an ancillary range to its north.

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Pepperpot Tower The walled gardens were demolished around this time, leaving the Pepperpot Tower as a free- standing structure. The present staircase around the western side of the tower likely dates to this time.

Phase 4: 1881-1900

Manor Stables A glasshouse was erected on the southern side of Manor Stables during this period, resulting in the covering over the passage along the side of this building, and numerous alterations to the exterior wall to tie in floor joists and roof structure. The scars of these changes are still readily apparent on the building, including large areas of white paint.

The changes included the blocking in of two of the doors into G12, and the addition of a further fireplace and flue in the south-west corner of that room. It is possible that these changes corresponded to a change in use to a heating chamber for the glass house, although it should be noted that a kennel was still recorded in the stables in 1910 and 1926.

Phase 5: 1930-1939

Manor Stables The southern wing of Ilam Hall was removed as part of the wider demolitions during this period, and a photograph of the stables taken at this time shows a roof scar on the east elevation of the south wing. This scar is no longer visible, and it is uncertain to what degree remedial work to repair the damage caused by the construction of the southern wing and its subsequent demolition may have had to the stables.

The Learning Centre With the demolition of a large part of the hall in the 1930s, the north-west corner of the hall changed from having only a minor western external elevation to having external elevations to both the south and east as well. Extensive remedial work was undertaken to this remaining stub of the hall, including the entire refronting and reroofing of the structure, utilising reclaimed fabric from the hall.

It is likely that the reorganisation of the interior of the Learning Centre may have taken place during this period, dividing up elements of the corridors to join onto room G7.

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Phase 6: 1940 to Present

Manor Stables Extensive internal alterations took place during this period, adding a tea room and kitchen to the first floor (likely requiring the removal of the internal chimney in F1 and the subdivision of the rooms of the central range. Other changes from the early part of this period have largely been over written by the creation of the existing uses.

More recent changes undertaken by the National Trust include:

• 1991 – Installation of toilets in north wing creating G1-G3; • 1994-5 – Work was undertaken to external windows and glazed screens added to G10; – conversion of G15 to a shop; – insertion of walls subdividing F5/F6/F9 & F10 and creating F7 & F8; • 2006 – Refit of shop in G15, raising floor and retaining the original stable floor; • 2012 – Installation of the toilets and show cubicles in G5; and – Installation of the show cubicles in G9. Hall Cottage Hall Cottage was renovated in the 1980s, and whilst it is unlikely that this represented the first phase of renovation it was at this time that the access between the kitchen and pantry (G5 and G6) was reorganised, that the fireplaces were altered, and that the western bedroom was subdivided (F3- F5).

Pepperpot Tower The interior of the tower was converted to a gent’s toilets during the mid-20th century, including the insertion of a partition wall and sanitary wares. These facilities are no longer in use but remain in place.

The Bothy The interior of the Bothy was also converted to toilets, including the insertion of a new northern wall, dividing it from the rooms to the north, and a partition to create a store room in the former fireplace (G3). The door in the east elevation also likely dates from this period.

The Learning Centre The reorganisation of the Learning Centre, whilst likely having commenced in the 1930s, continued into this phase, adding offices into G10/G12 and reorganising access between G7 and G18 in around 1995.

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Figure 3: Manor Stables (Building 1): phased ground floor plan

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Figure 4: Manor Stables (Building 1): phased first floor plan

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Figure 5: Hall Cottage (Building 2): phased floor plans

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Figure 6: Pepperpot Tower (Building 3): phased ground floor plan

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Figure 7: The Bothy (Building 4): phased ground floor plan

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Figure 8: The Learning Centre (Building 4): phased ground floor plan

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6 DESCRIPTION OF MANOR STABLES (BUILDING 1)

EXTERIOR

The Manor Stables (Appendices 2.1-2.58) lies to the west of the hall, comprising a two-storey structure built to a U-shape plan in coursed limestone rubble with ashlar plinth, quoins and dressings to doors and windows. A plain stone band runs along the top of the buildings’ elevations at eaves level. The roof is pitched with a clay tile covering, with the gables of the northern and southern wings possessing finials (Appendix 2.16) and pitched coping on moulded kneelers (Appendices 2.5, 2.9 & 2.13).

The site of the stables is slightly terraced such that the ground steps up a short distance from the south and west elevations. The terrace to south is retained by a masonry wall with slight camber. To the north the terrace is largely cut into natural bed rock, with the exception of around a small yard at its southern end where it has been faced in masonry. This latter yard is slightly sunken in comparison to the rest of the western terrace, with a short staircase linking the two.

The stables frame three sides of a yard surrounding an area of unevenly coursed limestone pitched paving (Appendix 4.3), replaced around its margins with level stone pavers. The pattern of the paving within the central area broadly conforms to three bays separated by an irregular straight joint. The coursing of stone within each bay is similarly irregular, although occasional courses run across the bay divisions.

Two water troughs are situated within the yard, within the corners of the central range and north and south wings. Both are of sandstone but differing construction. The northern trough is carved from a single block, squared sided with a bull-nose corner to the northeast and set on rough limestone blocks (Appendix 2.7). The southern trough is of separate sandstone slabs, joined with iron cramps (Appendix 2.12).

The North Wing

The north wing of Manor Stables is aligned roughly east-west, projecting east from the central range, with four external elevations.

The north elevation (Appendix 2.2) has a pair of doorways at ground floor level, situated west of centre, comprising a standard width (0.85m) door to the east and wider (1m) door to the west, both with four-centre arches with quoined surrounds, and straight hood mould (Appendix 2.3). The doors to both are ribbed and studded. The narrower, eastern, door has a low step up.

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Contained beneath the same hood moulding, west of the pair of doors, is a chamfer moulded mullioned window with pivoting cast iron casement within the lower two-thirds of the left-hand light. Within the eastern half of the ground floor elevation are three ashlar pointed arched vents, situated mid-way up the elevation, with central vertical iron rods fitted internally. At first floor are two evenly spaced chamfer moulded mullioned windows, the western window possessing an outward opening casement, and the eastern window a pivoting casement within the lower two- thirds of the left-hand light. The masonry beneath the western window has been repointed differently to the rest of the elevation, and although the coursing follows through it could be indicative of an alteration.

The east elevation is gabled (Appendix 2.5) and has a single first floor roll and fillet moulded mullioned window, of three lights, with straight hood mould, and cast-iron casements including a pivoting casement within the lower two-thirds of the central light. An iron grill vent is located at the top of the gable.

The south elevation (Appendix 2.6) comprises three bays, arranged symmetrically, facing onto the central yard. At the centre of the elevation, is a wide (1.2m) four-centred arched doorway surrounded by a quoined ashlar architrave with straight hood mould. A step up into the doorway is an insertion. The door is ribbed and studded, although likely to be a later replica. To either side of the door are roll and fillet moulded mullioned windows with pivoting casements and straight hood moulds. Centrally above the door is a further roll and fillet moulded mullioned window with bulls-eye glass in several of its panes, and a pivoting casement.

The west elevation is gabled (Appendices 2.9 & 2.18), and projects slightly beyond the line of the west elevation of the central range. The elevation has a single first floor chamfer moulded mullioned window, of three lights, with straight hood mould, and cast-iron casements including a pivoting casement within the lower two-thirds of the central light. Two steel ventilation grills have been inserted at mid-level within the elevation.

The Central Range

The central range of Manor Stables is aligned roughly north-south, with external elevations to the east and west.

The east elevation (Appendix 2.4) comprises six bays, arranged symmetrically, with a covered passage running along the inside of the elevation at ground floor level. At either end of the elevation are wide (1.2m) four-centred arched doorways surrounded by a quoined ashlar architrave with

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straight hood moulds. The central four bays possess four-centred arches, in ashlar, with plain frieze above and straight drip moulding. Each arch retains a double leaved iron studded door and the remains of truncated kerb stones are evident within the opening of several of the arches (Appendix 2.11). To either side of these arched bays are slim ashlar buttresses. Across the first floor are six roll and fillet moulded mullioned windows with outward opening cast iron casements and straight hood moulds. The handles to the side opening casements possess ornamental handle-backs (Appendix 2.42).

The west elevation (Appendix 2.9) is plainer with three equally spaced chamfer moulded mullioned windows with outward opening cast iron casements and straight hood moulds (Appendix 2.19). Above the northern and southern of these windows, at first floor level, are small square single light windows with chamfer moulded surrounds and iron top-hung casement (Appendix 2.40). Ventilation has been inserted at a number of points, including two vents formed from narrow horizontal stones within the north most bay of the elevation, and a square slated ventilator set to the north of the southern first floor window.

The South Wing

The south wing of Manor Stables is aligned roughly east-west, projecting east from the central range, with four external elevations.

The north elevation (Appendix 2.12) comprises three bays, arranged symmetrically, facing onto the central yard and identical to the south elevation of the north wing which it faces over to. At the centre of the elevation, is a wide (1.2m) four-centred arched doorway surrounded by a quoined ashlar architrave with straight hood mould. A ramp up into the doorway is an insertion. A glazed door has been fitted within a separate timber surround. To either side of the door are roll and fillet moulded mullioned windows with side opening casements and straight hood moulds. Centrally above the door is a further roll and fillet moulded mullioned window with side opening casement.

The east elevation is gabled (Appendix 2.13) and has a single first floor roll and fillet moulded mullioned window, of three lights, with straight hood mould, and cast-iron casements including side opening casements within the side lights. A timber has been set into the northern side of the elevation set about 3m above ground level, which may relate to a former socket for the former abutting south wing of the hall.

The south elevation (Appendices 2.8, 2.14 & 4.4) is accessed along a narrow passage around the side of the building, gated at its eastern end with a modern board and batten gate. Within the

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western half of the ground floor elevation are a number of openings comprising a pair of four-centre arched doors, west of centre, of identical style and dimensions to the north elevation of the west wing (a narrower 0.85m door and a wider 1m door to its west); and two single light chamfer moulded windows to their west. The western window has a side opening casement, whilst the eastern window is a fixed light. Between the windows is a further blocked door (1m wide), retaining its ashlar quoined architrave and part of its four-centred arched lintel (Appendix 2.15). The blocking is in limestone rubble, with occasional sandstone, laid to irregular courses. A straight hood mould runs above all these openings, although it has been interrupted above the blocked door.

At first floor there are two chamfer moulded mullioned windows with side opening casements, the eastern of which was evidently painted, whilst the western window appears to have been fully replaced (lacking the paint staining and of a finish without the horizontal parallel tooling evident on other windows). There is a possibility that this window is an insertion due to it breaking the symmetry of the elevation, although the coursing of the masonry around bears no sign of alteration.

Within the east of the elevation is an inserted door with stone steps and concrete bridge across the passage alongside the elevation to the terrace to the south of the stables. The steps and bridge have a steel balustrade with alternating, in a 1:6 ratio, thick twisted balusters with scrolls and six plain square balusters.

Across the south elevation are the scars of a removed abutting structure (Appendix 4.4), indicated to have been a glasshouse on historic OS maps of 1900 and 1922 (Appendix 1.5). The extent of the structure shown on historic maps corresponds with the remnants of a white painted finish that extends from a straight-line west of the inserted first floor door to the western edge of the elevation. A line of blockings within the elevation, approximately 2.25m from the ground, likely respect the original floor level of the glass house. Two possible phases are evident, one phase in stone, including the blocking of the western ground floor door, and the second in brick. There is no stratigraphic relationship between these phases, although it is thought that both post-date the removal of the glasshouse.

The west elevation is gabled (Appendices 2.9-10) and bears further signs of alteration. At ground floor level there is a blocked doorway (1m wide) at the northern edge of the elevation, and a chamfer moulded mullioned window to the south. This window is possibly an insertion, the ashlar architrave not bearing the tooling evident on other windows, it lacks the hood mould evident elsewhere on the elevation, and minor alterations evident to the coursing of the masonry to the north of the window. The doorway has been blocked in limestone and sandstone blocks, and part

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of its quoined surround and lintel have been removed. Other small square blockings in brick and stone within the mid-level of the elevation are suggestive of a removed horizontal structure. The masonry along the southern edge of the elevation has also been altered, being of sandstone, more finely dressed and of differing courses to the main fabric of the elevation. A first-floor level there is a central chamfer moulded mullioned window, of three lights, with straight hood mould, and cast- iron casements including side opening casements within the side lights. A straight joint extends down from its southern jamb and its hood mould has been truncated, both changes corresponding to the replaced fabric of the southern edge of the elevation. The external alterations correspond to the location of a probable former fireplace within the south-east corner of room G12 and could therefore partially relate to the insertion of a flue. Wider alterations to this elevation suggest the yard to the west of the south wing may have been covered over when the glasshouse to the south was added.

INTERIOR

The North Wing

Ground Floor The ground floor interior of the north wing is divided into three areas comprising two former stables (G1-G3 & G4-5) and a former dividing corridor (G4, G6 & G7).

Rooms G1-G3 are situated at the eastern end of the south wing, measuring a total area of 8.1 x 5.4m, and divided by modern inserted studwork partitions to form a lobby (G2) and two public toilets (G1 & G3; Appendices 2.18-2.19). The floor within this area is thought to have been raised above the historic level and has a modern linoleum surface. The walls of G1 and G3 are boarded in plastic sheet to 2.1m, with other exposed surfaces plastered and painted.

Subdividing G1 and G3 is a formerly continuous timber screen comprising three square posts with chamfered edges and run out stops supporting four-centred timber arches, with beaded edges, supported from the posts on small timber cyma recta corbels (Appendices 2.20-2.21). A simple timber cornice of an ovolo beading and quarter hollow runs across the top of the screen and posts. Triangular panels are formed within the angles of each arch and post. There are numerous sockets cut into the south side of the post in G1, of uncertain original use, whilst to the north there is a recess for a removed fixing plate (Appendix 2.22). A similar arrangement is also apparent on the post in G3.

In the north wall of G1 and G3 are recessed arched niches, the sills of which in G1 had been raised.

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Rooms G6 and G7 form the northern end of a covered passage that runs parallel to the eastern edge of the central range through the entire length of the building. G7 is an external space (Appendix 2.29), with stone flagged floor, bare walls of coursed limestone and exposed chamfered joists in the ceiling. The dividing wall with G6 has a four-centred arched door (0.9m wide) within quoined ashlar surrounds with ribbed and studded doors. The doors retain wrought iron latch handles with leaf shaped splayed ends, and round ended strap hinges. Of note, no latch fasteners, or evidence for them, survives and it is not clear how the doors were originally fixed closed. Above the door the wall is constructed of brick laid in stretcher bond. Doors of identical design to that into G7 are situated to the east and west of G7, formerly entering G3 and G5, but now blocked internally. The interior of G6 has been converted to an accessible toilet, and the northern end of the room partitioned off to form part of G4. The stone plinth of the exterior elevations continues around the interior of G6, suggesting that it may originally have been treated as an external space.

Room G4 comprises an inserted lobby, corridor and staircase serving the bunk house in the first floor of the South Wing. The floor is covered in modern linoleum and the walls plastered and painted. The eastern end of G4 lies in what was the northern most end of the north-south spinal corridor through the building. The northern door has been reused, possibly rehung to reverse the side on which it was hinged. There is a blocked door to G3 to the east, comprising a narrow opening with square jambs and lintel, most likely an insertion. A similar inserted opening has been formed to link the space to the base of the stairs (see Appendix 4.1). The staircase is of a timber construction. A brick arch is visible at the head of the landing, most likely representing a blocked-in niche as visible in G1 and G3.

Room G5 (Appendix 2.23), measuring 4.9 x 5.4m, has been subdivided to form toilets and shower rooms for the bunk house. The floor is of modern linoleum with plastered and painted walls and a suspended ceiling. There are two timber posts within the space, of identical proportions and finish to those in G1 and G3, including sockets for a series of fixtures on the east face, and a metal fixing plate on the west face reflecting the form of a toad’s backed rail (Appendix 2.4) and a series of 3 narrow sockets, presumably relating to former stall partition. A tethering ring is also evident on the side of one of the posts (Appendix 2.25).

First Floor The first-floor interior of the south wing comprises what appears to have originally been a single open space, measuring 15.4 x 5.4 m, now subdivided into a two bunk rooms (F15 & F17), common room (F18) and a corridor and storeroom (F16 & F19). The floor throughout this level appears to have been raised, presumably for under floor heating, and is carpeted. Walls are of rough stone,

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painted. There is a suspended ceiling above the rooms in the western half of this floor, although the ceiling in F18 is open (Appendices 2.26-27), exposing two joggled king post trusses of regular, band sawn timbers, with trenched purlins and a central square headed bolt reinforcing the joint between the post and tie beam. A queen post truss is also exposed against the inside of the eastern gable, of similar construction. A single board and batten door with wrought iron latch handle with leaf- shaped ends is situated in the south-west corner of F15 (Appendix 2.30), providing access to the staircase in G8/F12.

Central Range

Ground Floor The ground floor interior of the central range comprises of four principal spaces: a covered corridor along the eastern side of the building (G16-18); stairwell and former wash room (now showers; G8 and G9); the former central carriage house (now visitor centre; G10), and a former tack room (now shop store; G11).

The covered corridor, rooms G16-18, is essentially treated as an external space, with flagged floor, coursed limestone walls and ashlar plinth, and ceiling of exposed chamfered joists (Appendix 2.28). The western wall of the corridor has a paired four-centred doors (0.9m) with quoined ashlar architrave and roll and fillet moulded mullioned windows at either end, with four large square headed openings to the centre, now fitted with modern glazed panels. Both doorways have steps and ribbed and studded doors retaining wrought iron latch handles with leaf shaped splayed ends, and round ended strap hinges.

Room G8 (Appendix 2.32) contains a stone staircase with rough plastered and painted walls, which where they have worn off expose a brown paint typical of Victorian service areas. The staircase winds to the south at its top towards F12 with a straight timber flight to the north into F15.

Room G9, measuring 4.8 x 2.2m, has been subdivided by inserted studwork partitions to form two individual shower rooms. The floor of the room is of modern linoleum, with plastered and painted walls and suspended ceiling. There is a square edged skirting along the western wall. A small under- stair cupboard to the north-west contained a low shallow rounded stone basin (Appendix 2.31). Based on wall thickness there appears to be a chimney breast within the centre of the southern wall of the room, although modern surface finishes have covered over any evidence for a fireplace.

Room G10 (Appendix 2.32), measuring 4.8 x 10.8m, comprises an original four-bay carriage house, now visitor centre. The room has a modern linoleum floor, with plastered walls and ceiling. There

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is a modern torus skirting to the north, south and west walls. Within the room are three square wooden columns with chamfered edges, situated on hexagonal stone plinths, and with corniced square capitals (Appendix 2.31) supporting a chamfered wooden beam that runs north-south through the room. The west wall thickens at its northern end, where there is a recessed radiator, and may comprise a former fireplace. A further recessed radiator has been installed beneath the sill of the window in the centre of the west wall.

Room G11 (Appendices 2.37 & 2.38), measuring 4.8 x 2.2m, has a stone flagged floor, and plastered and painted walls. The ceiling is of subdivided by a central chamfered ceiling beam, comprising painted lath and plaster to its east and plaster board to its west. The room has a 23cm high chamfered skirting, and whilst there is no evidence of wall panelling, scars from shelving are visible to the south of the window in the west wall. The window in the east wall retains a timber architrave. A wooden tack rail with five (originally six) large timber pegs runs along the south wall.

Within the north wall is a chimney breast with central fireplace retaining a cast iron hob grate and timber surround. The mantel piece of the fireplace has been extended out to double its original depth (not photographed due to shelving and stock blocking view). A wooden cupboard is formed within the recess to the east of the chimney breast, with three beaded panel door to an upper cupboard and two beaded panel door to a lower cupboard.

First Floor The first-floor interior of the central range comprises a series of small rooms, largely subdivided from an original corridor along the inside of the west elevation (F3, F5, F7, F8, F11 & F12) and four larger rooms (F2, F4, F5/F6/F9/F10 & F14).

The former corridor has largely been subdivided to provide ancillary rooms/stores (F3 and F5; Appendix 2.44) and toilets (F7 and F8), and all fixtures and fittings within these spaces are modern. Of note are bull-nosed jambs either side of the northern wall in F3 which matches the door between F11 & F12 and may denote the location of a former doorway within the corridor. F11 and F12, which remain in use as a corridor are divided by a modern fire door retain a chamfered skirting board which appears to be an element of the original decorative scheme.

Room F14 currently forms a bunk room, associated with the first floor of the north wing, although the connecting door between F13 and F15 appears to be an insertion. The door between F12 and F13 is a modern fire door but retains a simple chamfered surround with chamfered timber plinth. The room has a carpeted floor and plastered and painted walls and ceiling. A chamfered skirting is present throughout the room, similar to that in F11 and F12. A chimney breast projects from the

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south wall retaining a fireplace with cast iron hob grate and wooden surround with chamfered piers and mantel piece (Appendix 2.39).

Rooms F5, F6, F9 and F10 (Appendix 2.41) originally appear to have comprised a single room, measuring 5.0 x 6.1m, now subdivided by inserted studwork partitions. The floor of these areas is carpeted, with plastered and painted walls and ceiling. A chamfered skirting survives around the outside walls of these rooms, with that to the partition walls being of a slightly differing design. A rubble-built fireplace in the north wall of F10 is of mid-20th Century date (Appendix 2.45). The door connecting F5 and F4 is a modern fire door, within a chamfered surround with chamfered timber plinth that matches that between F12 and F13. A window between F8 and F9 is a modern fixed single light, and likely an insertion.

Rooms F2 and F4 (measuring 3.3 x 4.8m and 4.5 x 4.8m respectively; Appendices 2.43 & 2.47) have been fitted out as kitchens, with modern commercial catering equipment including stainless steel surfaces, extraction hoods and appliances. The floor in this area is of modern linoleum, whilst the walls are tiled, and the ceiling is plastered and painted. The wall between F2 and F4 incorporates a chimney breast, and it is possible that fireplaces have been covered over on both sides. A window between F4 and F7 is a modern fixed single light, and likely an insertion.

SOUTH WING

Ground Floor The ground floor interior of the south wing is divided into three principal spaces, comprising the former stables (now gift show; G15), a former dividing corridor (G13-14) and third room of uncertain original use including a staircase to the first floor (G12).

Room G15 (Appendix 2.48), measuring 7.7 x 5.2m, has a raised flagged floor, plastered and painted walls to the west, south and east, and plastered and painted ceiling. The north wall has a concrete skim to 1.6m with painted rubble above.

Rooms G13 and G14 form the southern end of a covered passage that runs parallel to the eastern edge of the central range through the entire length of the building. G13 is an external space with stone flagged floor, bare walls of coursed limestone and exposed joists in the ceiling. The joists lack the chamfer visible elsewhere in the corridor and are of dimensions and character that suggest a 20th century date. The dividing wall and door between G13 and G14 are identical to that between G6 and G7. Doors of identical design to that into G14 are situated to the east and west of G13 (Appendix 2.35), with that into G15 now blocked internally. The interior of G14 (Appendix 2.50)

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has is in use as a store room with freestanding timber shelves. The floor of the room has been raised with modern MDF boards, whilst the walls are exposed painted limestone. The door at the southern end of the room has been boarded over, although its ashlar surround is visible. The stone plinth of the exterior elevations continues around the interior of G14, suggesting that it may originally have been treated as an external space.

Room G12 is principally accessed through an eastern door from G13 that enters into a small lobby at the base of a staircase up to F1. The staircase is built from Portland stone with projecting rounded treads with hollow beading beneath. A step of similar design is present at the door from G13. The northern wall adjacent to the staircase is plastered, and where the plaster has fallen away to the south wall has exposed brickwork. At the base of the stairs is a square headed doorway with chamfered ashlar surround into the main body of G12 (Appendix 2.36). The room has a concrete floor and plastered and painted walls. The ceiling is divided by an east-west chamfered beam, with lath and plaster to either side. The chamfer on the beam widens out to a central point where a truncated fixing and compression scar suggest a column or post may have been situated (Appendix 2.51). The design of this beam is similar to that in G10 (Appendix 2.49). Within the east wall there is a chimney breast with an opening for a removed fireplace. A further removed fireplace is evident in the south-west corner of the room. The flue above both of these fireplaces has been blocked and a grill inserted.

First Floor The first-floor interior of the south wing comprises a single large room, F1, measuring 15.9 x 5.4m (Appendices 2.53 & 2.54). The room has exposed timber floor boards, of a width and character that is of 20th Century origin, plastered and painted walls and a ceiling which is exposed to the principle rafters. Between the rafters the underside of the roof is plastered and painted. The exposed roof structure is largely identical to that in F18, with four joggled king post trusses of band sawn timbers and trenched square section purlins, and two queen post trusses at either gable end (Appendix 2.57). One key difference with the roof of the north wing is that the tie beams in F1 are supported on projecting roll moulded corbels within the north and south walls (Appendix 2.52), which may be suggestive of this space having been of a higher status use.

A timber platform is situated within the roof structure, between the first and second king-post truss from the west, comprising of two north-south beams resting on the purlins, a single lateral brace between these beams and the king post to its east, and a single board on the beams (Appendix 2.58). It is unclear what the original purpose of this structure may have been.

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Within the north-west corner of the room is the stairwell for the staircase from G12 surrounded by a steel balustrade with alternating, in a 1:6 ratio, thick twisted balusters with scrolls and six plain square balusters (Appendix 2.55), that is of identical design to that of the external steps and bridge of the first floor doorway in the south elevation (Appendix 2.8).

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7 DESCRIPTION OF HALL COTTAGE (BUILDING 2)

EXTERIOR

The Hall Cottage (Appendices 2.59-2.75) lies to the north of the hall, attached to the end of its northern ancillary range. The building is of two storeys, comprising an L-shape plan, and built in coursed limestone rubble with ashlar plinth, corner quoins (with pecked face and drafted margins) and dressings to doors and windows (Appendix 2.59). A plain stone band also runs along the top of the building’s elevations at eaves level. The roof of the building is hipped with slate covering and leaded ridges. An ashlar chimney stack emerges from the projecting western bay of its north elevation. To the west of the main house is an adjoining single storey mono-pitched range, split between rooms that are contiguous with the main house and externally accessible stores (Appendix 2.61-62).

The south elevation of the house and ancillary range are blind and built in sandstone ashlar (Appendix 2.60).

The building abuts the northern gable of the ancillary range, and there is a potential brick blocking evident that may represent evidence of an earlier attached structure or entrance predating the construction of the cottage (Appendix 2.63).

The land around the house is level and bounded to its north side by a low ashlar wall with pitched coping and regular square piers that appear as though they may have supported sculpture (Appendix 2.67). At the western end of the wall is a triangular wrought iron gate of unusual design (Appendix 2.66).

Cottage

The north elevation of the cottage is stepped, with a projecting bay to its west. The eastern bay has a three light hollow moulded mullioned window with iron frame and a square headed door with quoined ashlar architrave with roll moulded jambs and narrow square overlight (Appendix 2.64). The door is of four panel design with moulded beading around the upper panels. At first floor there are two windows of identical design to that on the ground floor, centred above the ground floor openings, comprising a two light mullioned window to the east and a single light window to the west. The western bay is blind.

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The eastern elevation is similarly stepped (Appendix 2.59), with a projecting bay to its south. Within both bays there are three light hollow moulded mullioned windows at ground floor and two light mullioned windows centred above at first floor level.

The west elevation of the cottage (Appendix 2.62) possesses, at ground floor level, a small northern single light window with timber frame, and a larger three light window with timber frame to the south. Both these windows have projecting stone sills and stone lintels with a pecked face and drafted margins that matches the tooling on the corner quoins of the building but are distinct from the other mullioned windows of the building. Centred at first floor above the wider window is a two light hollow moulded mullioned window with iron frame.

Ancillary Range

The north elevation (Appendix 2.61) has a 20th Century door with upper glazed panel to its east, with quoined jamb on its right-hand side that likely reflects former corner quoins prior defining the edge of a small yard visible on earlier plans (Appendix 1.14). To the west of the door is a two light timber framed window with projecting stone sill. Altered masonry to the left of the window indicate the present window lies within a former wider opening. West of the centre of the elevation is a board and batten door with plain steel strap hinges and latch.

The west elevation (Appendix 2.62) has a single board and batten door with plain steel strap hinges and latch with a plain square overlight.

INTERIOR

Ground Floor

The principal entrance within the north elevation (Appendix 2.64) opens into Room G2, comprising a hall and staircase (Appendix 2.65). The floor of the room is covered with a modern wood laminate, the walls have woodchip paper and the ceiling is plastered and painted. A torus skirting board runs around all walls. The staircase is timber built, with closed string, square balusters with arched detail, curved handrail, and chunky newel posts with chamfered edges, stepped run out stops, and faceted moulded finials and pendant. A coat rail with a range of hooks is present on the east wall, including examples of late 19th and early 20th century character. Room G3 comprises a small under stair cupboard.

Room G1 (Appendix 2.69), measuring 4 x 4m, has a laminate wood floor, woodchip wall paper and plastered and ceiling. A torus skirting board runs around all walls. A chimney breast in the south wall has a late 20th century tiled fireplace surround. The windows in the east and north walls have

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shutters set within a lamb’s tongue architrave, with each shutter being of two leaves and each with two moulded panels. The door in the west wall of the room has four recessed panels, with moulding to the side facing into G2, and ogee architrave.

Room G4 (Appendix 2.70), measuring 4 x 4m, has a laminate wood floor, and plastered ceiling. The walls have a torus skirting and cyma reversa picture rail and are plain papered and painted below the picture rail with woodchip above. Within the north wall is a chimney breast with wood burner set within a former fireplace retaining a 19th century panelled timber surround. The windows to the east and west wall are both shuttered, of similar style to those in G2 with the exception of the western window shutters which are smaller and set within an ogee architrave. The door in the west wall of the room is four panelled formed from applied moulded beading, and ogee architrave facing into G5 and lamb’s tongue architrave facing into G4.

Room G5 (Appendix 2.68), measuring 4 x 4m, has a modern linoleum floor, and plastered and painted walls and ceiling. A torus skirting board runs around all walls, continuing behind a series of modern kitchen units set in the north-west corner of the room. A chimney breast is located in the south wall containing a modern cooking range set on a raised concrete base. The door in the east wall of the room is four panelled formed from applied moulded beading, and lamb’s tongue architrave.

Room G6 and G7, measuring 1.9 x 1.9m and 2.8 x 1.9m respectively, have modern linoleum floors and plastered and painted walls and ceiling. Torus skirting runs around both rooms. G7 has been fitted out as a bathroom, with modern sanitary wares. The doors between these rooms are four panelled, formed from applied moulded beading, and lamb’s tongue architraves.

Room G8 and G9, measuring 1.5 x 1.9m 1.2 x 1.9m respectively, are unfurnished with bare brick walls, the brickwork in the internal walls measuring 22½ x 6½ x 10 cm.

First Floor

The first floor is accessed from the landing, Room F2 (Appendix 2.71), at the top of the staircase from G2. The room is carpeted, with woodchip papered walls and plastered ceiling. The balustrade from the staircase continues as a rail around the head of the stairwell. A torus skirting board runs around all walls.

Room F1 (Appendix 2.72), to the east of F2 and measuring 4 x 4m, is carpeted with plastered walls and ceiling and torus skirting board around all walls. The windows to the east and north walls have ogee architraves, but unlike the windows of the ground floor: no shutters. The door in the west

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wall of the room has four recessed panels, with moulding to the side facing into F2, and ogee architrave (Appendix 2.74).

Room F3 forms a small lobby between rooms F1, F4, F5 and F6, measuring 1.2 x 1.2m. The room is carpeted, with torus skirting, woodchip papered walls and plastered ceiling.

Room F4, measuring 1.2 x 2.8m, is partitioned off from F3 and F5 by studwork walls. The room has been fitted out as a bathroom with modern sanitary wares.

Room F5 (Appendix 2.73), measuring 2.7 x 4m, is carpeted with plastered walls and ceiling and torus skirting board around all walls. The window to the west wall has an ogee architrave. The door in the east wall of the room is four panelled formed from applied moulded beading, and lamb’s tongue architrave. A cupboard in the south-east corner of the room has a door of similar construction and contains a hot water cylinder.

Room F6, measuring 4m x 4m, is carpeted with plastered walls and ceiling and torus skirting board around all walls. The window to the east wall has an ogee architrave (Appendix 2.75). The door in the south wall of the room is four panelled formed from applied moulded beading, and lamb’s tongue architrave. A chimney breast projects from the centre of the north wall, with a vent where a fireplace was presumably situated previously.

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8 DESCRIPTION OF THE PEPPERPOT TOWER (BUILDING 3)

EXTERIOR

The Pepperpot Tower (Appendices 2.76-2.80 & 4.6-7) is situated to the north-east of the hall, on a line east from the northern end of the halls northern ancillary range. The building now lies at the junction of the drive to the YHA carpark immediately east of the hall and the larger National Trust visitor carpark to the east of the Hall Cottage.

The tower is a two-storey structure of octagonal plan, measuring 2.4 x 2.4m with each facet 1.25m long, built from rough faced ashlar with hammer dressed ashlar plinth. A flight of ashlar steps, with a short plain parapet wall wraps around the southern and western side of the tower, the structure of which is not tied into the tower walls. The northernmost stone of the parapet has been lost, and a triangular mason’s mark is exposed on the revealed fabric of the tower.

Two vertical scars are visible, each c. 30cm wide, where the stonework has been discoloured from an abutting wall bonded with a white lime mortar. The position of these scars indicates the tower was situated at the corner of a right-angled wall and is consistent with historic map evidence that shows the tower at the corner of the walled garden (Appendix 1.2).

There are two ground floor doors, one which Caernarvon arched head (0.66m wide) facing to the south-west, and the other with a four-centre arched head (0.84m wide) facing to the north-west. The south-west door retained a ribbed timber door with wrought iron larch with leaf shaped brackets. The north-west door is fitted with a 20th century metal grill supported on pintle hinges of the same date. No evidence of an earlier door was observed within the north-west doorway.

At first floor level there are lancet loops with chamfered reveals in alternation elevations. The upper part of the tower has a continuous roll moulded string, above which are square panels containing a geometric offset square design with a single roll details and alternating blank shields and cruciform loops. The eaves are crested with moulded imitation machicolations. The roof comprises an eight- sided dome with fish scale detail and ball finial.

INTERIOR

The interior of the Pepperpot Tower (Appendices 2.79-2.80) has been divided into two rooms at ground floor by a masonry wall with plain door, forming a gentleman’s toilets with urinal to the north and water-closet to the south. The floor of these rooms is covered in terrazzo tiles (black with white specks) that wrap up the walls to form a skirting. The walls are plain ashlar stone, with

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tooling matching the exterior. Redundant square sockets are evident within opposing interior faces of the tower at the sill level of the lancet loops, and at the base of the cruciform loops (the former aligned north-south, and the latter aligned northeast-southwest), that likely correspond to the position of internal floors/platforms. The ceiling is exposed to the masonry base of the domed roof.

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9 DESCRIPTION OF THE BOTHY (BUILDING 4)

EXTERIOR

The Bothy (Appendices 2.81-86 & 4.8) is situated within the northern ancillary range of Ilam Hall, lying at ground floor between the cart passage to the south and a further room to the north. A further storey overlies the Bothy. The rest of this range lies outside of the scope of this survey.

The eastern elevation of northern ancillary range is of two-storeys with a covered arcade along the ground floor level. The east elevation of The Bothy is situated at the western side of this arcade (Appendix 2.85), built from sandstone ashlar with hammer dressed face and drafted margins, with a plinth, and containing a single four-centred arched door with a modern vertically ribbed timber door. The stone forming the arch of the door are of a slightly different coloured stone to the surrounding masonry, whilst the tooling of the margins to the jambs of the door is sharper and more defined. This evidence is suggestive of the door having been altered or carefully inserted, consistent with historic plans of which do not show a door in this location (Appendix 1.12).

The western elevation is of similar ashlar-work to that of the east elevation with hammer dressed face and drafted margins to walls and plinth. Above the ground floor is a ashlar moulded stringcourse. The Bothy elevation contains a three-light hollow moulded mullioned window with iron frames. The frame of the central light is a mid-20th century replacement, with a upper top hung casement.

INTERIOR

The interior of The Bothy (Appendices 2.83-84 & 2.86) is divided into three rooms, comprising a narrow corridor (G1), main room (G2) and small portioned cupboard within a former fireplace (G3). Brick fabric has been revealed where plaster has fallen away on the wall dividing G1 and G2, comprising 6½ cm courses bedded in lime mortar. The wall between G2 and G3 is of studwork.

The floor throughout these rooms is of terrazzo tile (white within black matrix) with scars marking out the location of three open stalls and a larger enclosed stall along the north wall. The walls are rendered in concrete, although scars from the removed stalls show the northern wall to be built of blockwork. Scars of removed sinks are evident in the western side of the south wall. The window in the west wall has a red tiled sill. The ceiling is smoothly plastered.

The underside of a stone staircase is visible in the ceiling at the northern end of G1 (Appendix 2.86).

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The interior of G3 is similarly decorated, whilst the ceiling slopes upwards to a blocked flue (Appendix 2.84)

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10 DESCRIPTION OF THE LEARNING CENTRE (BUILDING 4)

EXTERIOR

The Learning Centre (Appendix 2.87-2.105 & 4.9) is situated within the southwest corner of Ilam Hall, at ground floor level, comprising a retained and heavily modified corner of the 1820s hall that was demolished in the 1940s. The rest of the hall lies outside of the scope of this survey.

The eastern elevation of this element of the hall (Appendix 2.87-88) is stepped, with a projecting three-storey bay to the south and a long range with tall pointed arched windows to the north that terminates at an octagonal tower. The northern part of this range dates to the 1820s hall, whilst the projecting bay is reworked, originally having been an internal wall. At ground floor level, within The Learning Centre, there is a single four-centred arched door in the northern end of the projecting bay, set within a hammer faced ashlar surround with recessed chamfer moulded jambs. The stones forming the northern jamb form a straight joint with the adjacent masonry, suggesting the work of these two elements of the elevation is not contemporary. The door is of timber with vertical ribs and steel latch (Appendix 2.90). Within the northern part of the elevation is pointed arched window with deep moulded jambs, plain sill, and fixed metal frame.

The southern elevation of this element of the hall (Appendix 2.89 & 2.91) is stepped, projecting out to form a three-storey bay to the east and with a secondary two-storey bay within the angle. The Learning Centre elevation has a canted bay in the eastern projecting bay with hollow moulded mullioned window, with drip mould below and above, and a plain chamfered plinth. The elevation of the secondary bay to its west has a single light window with recessed chamfer moulded architrave, and metal frame casement. To its east is a two light mullioned version of the same window style, with casement in its left hand.

The northern elevation of this element of the hall (Appendix 2.92) represents a surviving element of the 1820s building, although truncated at its southern extent. The Learning Centre elevation has a three light hollow moulded mullioned window with straight hood mould and metal frame with a 20th century replacement casement within the lower part of the central light.

INTERIOR

The interior of Learning Centre comprises two principal rooms (G7 and G18) and a number of corridors and minor rooms/stores (G4, G5 & G8-G17).

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Room G7 (Appendices 2.93-94) represents a roughly rectangular room, measuring 4.8 x 6.3m. The original extents of the room have been altered, inserted large openings to the north and east to take in elements of a former corridor that ran around its outside, and which still survives in the form of rooms G6, G4, G5 and G8. The floor of the room is of modern linoleum, with plastered and painted walls and plaster ceiling with guilloche plaster cornice (Appendix 2.95). The cornice does not run around the full room, being interrupted at the southern side of the room where the walls are likely to have been rebuilt during the partial demolition of the hall. This ceiling may be suspended below and earlier ceiling, with a decorative cornice noted to survive above the present one by an electrician when fitting the existing downlights (Paul Mortimer, National Trust, pers. comm.).

Room G18 (Appendix 2.96) comprises a large roughly square room, measuring 6.4 x 6.8m, with carpeted floor, painted brickwork walls laid to English Garden Wall bond, and a plastered four-sided vaulted ceiling. Plain corbels are evident in the corners of the rooms (Appendix 2.104). A series of steps having been constructed against the south wall, to create seating for children. The brickwork in the south wall incorporates a straight joint within its eastern side, whilst the central doorway is inserted. The door in the west wall (1.1m wide) is set within a recessed architrave of alternating brick and stone, with flat stone lintel. Above the door is a brick relieving arch. The door itself is of board and batten construction with iron strap hinges and pintles (Appendix 2.103).

Rooms G6, G4, G5 and G8 form surviving elements of a 1.2m wide vaulted corridor that ran around the perimeter of G7. The corridor has been subdivided to form a storage area for G7 (room G6); Appendix 2.97), a lobby (room G4), a store room (room G5) and with G8 remaining in use as corridor.

Room G4 is accessed from the exterior to the south, with a blocked door formerly to G6 to its south, an original doorway with modern door to G5 to its north, and inserted door to G7 to its west. The room is decorated as a cave.

Room G5 (Appendix 2.105) has a stone flagged floor and plain plastered walls and ceiling, an ogee moulded skirting board runs along the walls. A beaded timber framed recessed duct in the north wall is of uncertain function but was likely for piping or cabling for a bell system.

Room G8 (Appendix 2.98) is carpeted with plastered walls and ceiling. An ogee moulded skirting board survives along the northern side of the wall. The recessed duct evident in G5 also continues along the north wall of this room.

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Room G9 represents a continuation of G8, and formerly comprised a landing at the base of staircase up to the first floor. The entrance to this staircase has been blocked to the north (where a sink has been installed), but the base of the stairs is still visible from within G13, which comprises a low ceilinged under stair cupboard.

Rooms G11 and G14 (Appendix 2.101) comprise a north-south aligned continuation of the corridor from G9, with brick floor, rough plastered walls and vaulted ceiling. There are two stone steps within a doorway between G11 and G14. A blocked door at the western side of G14 indicates the corridor originally continued in that direction, whilst an iron pintle to the northern side of the doorway east into G15 illustrates there was originally an inward opening door in this position. G15 represents a continuation of the corridor.

To the north of G15 are two connecting vaulted chambers, rooms G16 and G17 (Appendix 2.102), with brick floor, and painted brick. walls. A pintle in the eastern jamb of the door to G15 illustrates there was originally a door in this location, opening into G17. At the northern end of G16 and G17 are stone shelves with scars indicating they each originally formed part of a series of six square recesses, or wine bins.

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11 STATEMENT OF SIGNFICANCE

MANOR STABLES (BUILDING 1)

Manor Stables represents a late Georgian purpose-built stable block for a high-status country house. The essential form and design of the building reflects the improvements and fashions that developed during the late 18th and early 19th century, including its location in close proximity to the house, the adoption of recessed niches for hay racks, arched screens to the rear of stalls, and extensive light and ventilation (Worsley, 2004).

Whilst there has been previous speculation that the building may represent a rebuilding of the earlier Ilam Manor House, from which the Manor Stables has taken its name, there has been no evidence found to support this hypothesis. Re-examination of historic pictorial evidence by DE Landscape & Heritage as part of their landscape survey has presented convincing evidence, based on comparison of historic viewpoints, for the former Manor House to have been situated within the area of the latter hall to the south-east of the stables. Furthermore, the planform, layout and materials of Manor Stables form a cohesive unit, logically planned, with no evidence of any earlier fabric having been reused or adapted to accommodate conversion to stables.

The stables appear in their current planform on the Ilam Glebe Map of 1824 (Appendix 1.1), situated on the same axis of the newly erected hall, and situated behind the house. Whilst plans for the stable do not survive alongside the drawings of the hall from 1821 by John Shaw, it is evident that they formed part of the first phase of the reconstruction of Ilam Hall.

Architecturally less ambitious than the hall, the stables are of a more understated aesthetic that reflects the gothic design of the main house but of a scale and planform that would have appeared more conservative. These differences could indicate the stables were designed and executed by James Trubshawe, rather than John Shaw.

The ground floor of the building retains much of its original planform, with spinal corridor linking rooms into the central yard, and extensive survival of doors and fenestration. The location of the coach house (G10) is clearly evident, whilst the original 11 stables can still be determined through the survival of heel posts and screens (G1, G3, G5 and G15), and surviving features illustrate where the tack room and wash room were situated (G9 and G11).

The first floor has seen more alteration, including the subdivision of the upper floor of the north wing to form a bunk house (thought to have originally been a hay loft), and the breaking up of the original corridor plan of the accommodation within the central range. The upper floor of the south

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wing has also been changed, and although these changes are less obvious due to the replacement of its floor and plastering over of the walls, there is evidence that a chimney breast, and may have been removed that could suggest the room was subdivided. The presence of the corbels within this room, and high-quality staircase accessing it, suggests this space was used for a high-status activity.

Physical Surroundings and Experience

The stables are situated to the rear of the hall and would have previously been largely hidden and overshadowed. This arrangement appears to have been influenced by the picturesque movement of the period, that encouraged the massing of buildings together at stately homes to construct visual interest and to enhance the sense of scale and status of the house through comparison to its ancillary buildings.

The loss of the hall has resulted in the opening up of views across the stables from the east lawns, raising its prominence and apparent status. This benefits the appreciation of the buildings architectural interest but is of limited historic integrity. Aspects of its former subservient location survive in the way in which its original access through the northern range of the hall is still legible, although the present public access route from the National Trust carpark bypasses this route, providing a direct route to the stables.

Repaving of the drives and paths around the stables have eroded the agricultural character that would have likely been created by pitched stone paving and gravel paths. In this respect the area of rough stone paving within the courtyard of the stables has illustrative historical value in reflecting the former character of surface treatment in this area.

Summary of Significance

Manor Stables is considered to possess a national level of heritage significance deriving from:

* Its high level of architectural interest as an important example of late Georgian high-status stables that exhibits a high standard of design and craftsmanship, and an overall arrangement that demonstrates careful consideration of access and arrangement of activities; * Its high level of historical interest both generally in relation to its importance within the original design and development of the improved Ilam Hall in the 1820s, and specifically in relation to the good legibility of its original division of activities and fittings that are of technological and illustrative historical interest in terms of the development of stabling during this period

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Elements of the structure that are considered to be of key importance to the significance of the structure, are:

* The arrangement of access and circulation of the ground floor; * Fabric relating to Phase 1 1821-1824 (Figures 3-4); and * The range of fixtures and fittings that relate to the above phases, including: o All external doors (with the exception of the modern door to G15), and the internal door between F13 and F15; o The surviving evidence for stalls and hay racks within G1, G3 and G5; o The surviving sink in G9; o The surviving fireplace, tackle rack and cupboard in G11; o The fireplace in F14; o The deep chamfered skirting in F5, F10 and F14; and o The timber platform in the roof of F1.

HALL COTTAGE (BUILDING 2)

Hall Cottage represents a secondary addition to Ilam Hall, dating to a period in-between 1860 and 1880 and corresponding with wider alterations to the arrangement of the gardens and park. The building provided accommodation for a head gardener, with census data providing evidence of the names and family of many of the occupants.

The original planform and circulation of the cottage remains largely intact, with the exception of minor rearrangement between the kitchen and former pantry (now bathroom), and in relation to the insertion of a first-floor bathroom. The interior has been redecorated, with all but one of the original fireplaces removed and the vast majority of doors having been replaced. Despite this, enough features survive to illustrate that the building was fairly well appointed to a reasonably high specification, with fireplaces in all rooms, panelled doors, panelled window shutters, and an ornate staircase.

Physical Surroundings and Experience

When constructed the Hall Cottage was situated on the very edge of the park and was most likely visible on the approach to the hall along the northern ride. The construction of an ornate ashlar wall within the gardens of the cottage to its north, appears to support this.

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At present the cottage appears relatively secluded, obscured from most directions by mature hedgerows which grant privacy to its occupants at the expense of closing of views towards it that appear to have formed part of its original design.

Summary of Significance

Hall Cottage is considered to possess a national level of heritage significance deriving from:

* Its high level of architectural interest as an example of mid-Victorian architecture associated with the estates of stately homes. The building reflects many of the architectural details of the main house, but adopts a complementary scale that give a sense of subservience. Surviving elements of the internal fixtures and fittings of the building demonstrate a fair level of investment in the structure not typical in such houses outside of visible areas which contributes to its architectural interest; * Its moderate level of historical interest in relation to its importance within the redevelopment of the Ilam Hall park in the late 19th century, and in illustrating the living conditions of one of the households more senior live-in staff.

Elements of the structure that are considered to be of key importance to the significance of the structure, are:

* The arrangement of access and circulation of interior; * Fabric relating to Phase 3 1860-1880 (Figure 5); and * The range of fixtures and fittings that relate to the above phases, including: o The external door to G2 and internal doors to G1 and F1; o The staircase in G2/F2; o The coat rack in G2; o The fireplace in G4; o Window shutters in G1 and G4; and o The character of the skirting boards and picture rails.

PEPPERPOT TOWER (BUILDING 3)

The Pepperpot Tower appears to have been built as an eye-catcher to emphasis the corner of the walled gardens, and to provide a gatehouse between the interior and exterior of the gardens. It is not clear whether it served as a dovecote, although such a use would not be unusual for a structure of its dimensions and location.

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The building is highly decorative and has been attributed to John Shaw, the architect of the main house. Its design and prominence are reflective of the picturesque movement of the period, likely having been initially designed to provide a visual bookend to the edge of the walled garden most distant from the house.

The reuse of the building as a toilet has not resulted in extensive impacts to the fabric of the building but does not contribute towards its significance.

Physical Surroundings and Experience

The setting of the Pepperpot changed substantially during the period of reorganisation of the park and garden of Ilam Hall in the mid to late 19th century, changing it from an element of the walled garden to a free-standing structure akin to a folly. The present structure marks the division of access between the YHA carpark and National Trust carpark and remains a prominent landmark structure.

Summary of Significance

Pepperpot Tower is considered to possess a national level of heritage significance deriving from:

* Its high level of architectural interest as an example of a Gothic revival architectural set piece of the late Georgian period, evidently intended to form a picturesque focal point to the walled gardens and a counterpoint to the many-towered form of the main hall; * Its moderate level of historical interest in relation to its importance within the redevelopment of the Ilam Hall in the late Georgian period, and in relation to the illustrative value as a gatehouse and potential dovecote within an earlier form of the gardens at the hall.

Elements of the structure that are considered to be of key importance to the significance of the structure, are:

* Fabric relating to Phase 2 1825-1830 (Figure 6); and * The range of fixtures and fittings that relate to the above phases, including: o The external timber door; and o The functional undecorated character of the interior

THE BOTHY (BUILDING 4)

The Bothy represents a central element of the ancillary north range of Ilam Hall, built during the first phase of the redevelopment of the hall in the 1820s. When built, the Bothy comprised part of an adjoining wash house and brewhouse complex, two functions which were commonly joined on

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account of their similar requirements for water and heat. The buildings were notably situated at the most distant point of the hall complex that potentially indicating the undesirability of the smells generated by these domestic industries.

The present building retains much of its original external character, with the inserted door in its east elevation fitting well within the general arrangement and aspect of the range. The interior of the Bothy has been substantially altered in relation to access, circulation and function with almost no legibility of its original function or connection with the former brewhouse remaining.

Physical Surroundings and Experience

The Bothy forms an intrinsic part of the remaining element of Ilam Hall, with the northern range forming one of the most prominent parts of the eastern aspect of the hall and an important enclosing element around the courtyard now used by the YHA as a carpark.

Summary of Significance

The Bothy is considered to positively contribute towards the high significance of Ilam Hall, in respect to:

* Its high level of architectural interest as an example of a Gothic revival architecture of the late Georgian period; * Its moderate level of historical interest in relation to its former use as a wash house and its relationship with the former brewhouse to the north, now significantly eroded by the loss of internal features.

Elements of the structure that are considered to be of key importance to the significance of the structure, are:

* Fabric relating to Phase 1 1821-1824 (Figure 7); and * The remains of the fireplace hood and flue in G3

THE LEARNING CENTRE (BUILDING 4)

The Learning Centre represent a core remnant of the earliest phase of Ilam Hall erected during the 1820s. The structure originally formed part of the ground floor containing a family dining room and service rooms towards the back of the main house, and the partial legibility of numerous rooms of various sizes linked by a warren of corridors is typical of the subdivision of functional spaces that developed going into the Victorian era.

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The present structure retains very few indicators of its original function beyond its fragmented layout, although notable survivals do remain that allow a sense of its original level of decoration to be perceived.

Physical Surroundings and Experience

The Learning Centre forms an intrinsic part of the remaining element of Ilam Hall, lying within the southern tower that was formed following the demolition of the larger part of the hall in the 1930s. The present character of the building has very limited historic integrity, and although the rebuilding appears to have utilised recovered architectural fragments from the main house it has been erected in a way that bears little resemblance to the original hall. Despite this, the building does not actively detract from the remaining original structure of the hall.

Summary of Significance

The Learning Centre is considered to positively contribute towards the high significance of Ilam Hall, in respect to:

* Its moderate level of architectural interest as an example of a Gothic revival architecture of the late Georgian period, with extensive alterations made in the 1930s; * Its moderate level of historical interest in relation to the former use of its interior, now partially eroded due to the rearrangement if internal layout.

Elements of the structure that are considered to be of key importance to the significance of the structure, are:

* The arrangement of access and circulation of interior (to the extent that it remains); * Fabric relating to Phase 1 1821-1824 (Figure 8); * The range of fixtures and fittings that relate to the above phases, including: o Skirting in G5, G8, G9 and G10; o Potential earlier plaster cornice above the existing ceiling in G7; o Door between G15/G18; o Wrought iron pintles remaining from removed doors between G14/G15 and G15/G17

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12 RECOMMENDATIONS

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

Through the course of this programme of investigation a number of queries have been identified which would benefit from further research or investigation in the future. In general, it has not been possible to answer these as part of this programme of work due to the requirement for intrusive works or moving fixed furnishings which lay outside of the scope of this project. It is therefore envisaged that the following questions will assist in determining when further archaeological recording should be undertaken when opportunities arise as and when structural alterations are undertaken in the future.

Manor Stables (Building 1)

§ Does the original stable floor survive beneath G1-G3? What was its fabric and how was drainage organised? § Does the first floor in the north wing retain evidence of hatches or chutes for dropping hay down into the stables in G1-G3 or G5 from the hay loft above? § Did G5 have three recessed hay racks within its west wall? § Was there a fireplace in the northwest corner of G10 and if so where was its chimney? § Did the blocked door in the west wall of the south wing enter an externally accessed under- stairs cupboard, was it originally a corridor into which the staircase was inserted, or did it have a connecting door to G12? § Does any evidence survive within the floor of G12 for how this space was used or divided? § Does any evidence survive in the wall head of the east wall of G12 to support the theory that it originally continued upwards into F1? § Does any evidence survive for fireplaces in the wall between F2 and F4?

Hall Cottage (Building 2)

§ Did the walled bay in the garden to the north of the cottage comprise an element of the designed landscape and do any remains of its associated structures evidenced on the 1922 OS (Appendix 1.6) map survive? § Does the south wall of G1 retain any evidence for the dairy shown on the 1823 plans (Appendix 1.8)? § What is the character and construction of the original floors throughout the building?

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Pepperpot Tower (Building 3)

§ Is there any evidence for how the upper floors of the structure were used or accessed? Was it a dovecot, and if so where was the alighting ledge and nesting boxes? § Does any evidence remain within the vicinity of the Pepperpot Tower for the footings of the former walls of the walled garden?

The Bothy (Building 4)

§ Does any evidence survive within the floors or walls of G2 to reveal the position of laundry activities within this space? Were the wash basins shown on the 1823 plan (Appendix 1.8) along the west wall of G2 constructed?

The Learning Centre (Building 4)

§ Is there any evidence within the structure of the door in the east wall to indicate its original form? § What is the character and date of the earlier ceiling believed to survive above the existing one in G7? § What was the character of the sanitary wares in the former WC in G12? § Was there originally a central column in G18 as shown on the 1823 plans of Ilam Hall (Appendix 1.7)? Does any evidence survive to demonstrate whether it was fitted out with barrel stays or shelves to facilitate its function as a wine cellar? § Does any evidence survive within the fabric of the building for the function of the recessed conduit in the wall of G6 and G8?

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ENHANCEMENT

Following on from the assessment of significance contained within this report, a number of potential avenues for the enhancement of the significance of the heritage assets surveyed have been identified. These recommendations are considered to be aspirational, but should be considered in any future proposals affecting the asset.

Manor Stables (Building 1)

§ Reinstate the full extent of G6 and reopen the blocked external door into G4. This will better reveal the original plan form and circulation of the building. § Reorganise the subdivisions in G5 to align with the former arrangement of stalls. This will better reveal the original plan form and function of this space.

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§ Restore G11 and make it publicly accessible. This is one of the few rooms in the building that retains original furnishings relating to its use as a stable and represents an opportunity to better reveal the story of the building. § Reinstate the corridor running down the western side of the central range through rooms F3, F5, F7-8 & F11-12. This represents an important part of the buildings original plan form and circulation. § Change the way in which the public access the stables to take them through the cart passage of the north wing of Ilam Hall. This will recreate the original approach taken to access the stables, re-establishing its sense of subservience to the main house and enhancing its setting.

Hall Cottage (Building 2)

§ Remove the hedgerow and fence north of the cottage to reveal the low ornamental wall and northern aspect of the cottage. This will reinstate how the cottage would have been experienced from the northern parkland ride following the changes to the gardens in the late 19th century. It is acknowledged that this recommendation may conflict with the interest of securing the privacy for the occupant of the cottage, any only be practical if wider ranging works are undertaken to reorganise the existing parking arrangements.

Pepperpot Tower (Building 3)

§ Removal of the existing toilet and urinal. The space could potentially be bought back into beneficial use as seating area, display space or bat roost.

The Bothy (Building 4)

§ Ideally G2 would be returned to its original plan form and circulation to reconnect it with its upper floor and re-establish its link to the former brewhouse, although this would require merger with rooms occupied by the YHA and is unlikely to be achievable under the current ownership regime.

The Learning Centre (Building 4)

§ Re-establishing the chimney breast in the north wall of G7 and the corridor between G6 and G8 would restore an element of the plan form and circulation within this fragment of the original Ilam Hall.

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13 SUPPORTING INFORMATION

AUTHORSHIP

This report was researched and prepared by Oliver Jessop MCIfA, James Thomson MCIfA and Victoria Beauchamp (Ph.D)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors would like to acknowledge Ros Buck and Paul Mortimer of the NT for commissioning this report, and for coordinating access.

The staff of Derbyshire Record Office are also recognised for their assistance in identifying historical records for the site.

SOURCES AND REFERENCES CONSULTED Primary Sources Cobb 1839 Woodlands in the parish of Blore Claudius, J. 1842. An Encyclopaedia of Cottage, farm and villa Architecture Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans London Ilam Hall, Dovedale c.1930s (DRO 942.51local studies room) National Trust, East Midlands Regional Office, Clumber Park September 1986 Proposed Improvement and repair works at Ilam Hall Cottage Plans of Hall Cottage held by NT dated 1962 Shaw, J. 1821. Designs for the rebuilding of Ilam Hall: north and west elevations RIBA96321 Shaw J. 1821. Designs for the rebuilding of Ilam Hall: plan of the ground floor RIBA54445 Shaw J. 1821. Designs for the rebuilding of Ilam Hall: plan of the principal floor RIBA96319 Shaw J. 1821. Designs for the rebuilding of Ilam Hall: plan of the second floor RIBA96320 Various photographs held by the National Trust but not referenced as included in this report of the stable block and Hall cottage Newspapers The Building News 4 April 1884 Derby Daily Telegraph 16 August 1926, 1 April 1931, 27th June 1931, 26 January 1932, 17 November 1934 Derby Mercury 10 August 1809, 30th June 1875 Derbyshire Advertiser and Journal 30 July 1910 Eddowes's Journal, and General Advertiser for Shropshire 18th August 1875 Morning Post 30th January 1811, July 5th 1875

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Staffordshire Gazette 9th May 1840 Staffordshire Advertiser 26 August 1809, 04 September 1875

Census 1841 HO107/1004/6/3/1 (cottage not mentioned) 1851 HO107/2146 /475/1(cottage not mentioned) 1861 RG09/2522/52/1 ( Ilam Hall) 1861 RG09/2522/52/1 (Gardens) 1871 RG10/3600/17/2 (Ilam Gardener’s cottage, garden shed and rooms over coach house) 1871 RG10/3600/17/2 (Rooms over coach house) 1881 RG11/3424/30/12 (Ilam hall) 1891 RG12/2754/45/7 (IIlam hall) 1901 RG13/3239/42/1 (The Gardens) 1911 RG14PN21026 RG78PN1254 RD437 SD1 ED13 SN13 (Gardens)

Online books: Advertisements 1894. Wanted at Once, 3 married men Gardener’ Chronicle vol 15

Maps Tithe Map and apportionment 1838/9 National Archives ref. IR 29/32/127 & IR 30/32/127 Cobb’s survey of Ilam estate 1839 (National Trust) 6 inch Derbyshire XXXVII.NE: 1900 25 inch Staffordshire XIV.8: 1881, 1922

Sale Catalogues 1809 Advert for the sale of Ilam Hall DRO D239M/E5479 1910 Ilam Hall auctioned by Knight, Frank and Rutley 26th July at Royal Hotel Derby (NT) 1926 Ilam Hall by Knight, Frank and Rutley 16th August at Midland Hotel Derby (DRO D302 Z/ES15) 1933 The Ilam Hall Estate Bagshaw and Sons 20th September at Ilam Hall ( DRO D331/25/70) 1952 The Ilam Estate Bagshaw and Sons 30th October at the Town Hall in Ashbourne

Reports DE Landscape and Heritage Ltd. 2017. Ilam Parkland and Garden History Lott, B. 1997. Vernacular buildings survey: Gardeners Cottage N.T.

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Ullathorne A. 2006. National Trust estate survey: Area 1 including Ilam, Volume 2 Archaeological Survey Ilam Park Area

SECONDARY SOURCES British Geological Survey, 2019. Geology of Britain Viewer [online]. Available: http://mapapps.bgs.ac.uk. Adam, W. 1845 The Gem of the Peak or Matlock Bath and its vicinity Longman & Co, London Chartered Institute for Archaeology 2014a. Standards and Guidance for the Archaeological Investigation and Recording of Standing Buildings or Structures. Chartered Institute for Archaeology 2014b. Standards and Guidance for Creation, Compilation, Transfer and Deposition of Archaeological Archives. Graces Guide James Trubshaw (1777-1854) https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/James_Trubshaw Historic England 2016. Understanding Historic Buildings: a guide to good recording practice. Morris, F. 1866 The County seats of the noblemen and gentlemen of Great Britain and Ireland Vol 1 . Longman Green & Co, London Morris, F. 1880 The County seats of the noblemen and gentlemen of Great Britain and Ireland Vol 1 Mackensie, London (p 41-42 with plate before) Mottran, P. n.d. The history of Ilam Cross (ilam.org.uk) Poole, D. 2016 Ilam Hall online at Houseandheritage.org Porter, L. 1999 Ilam Hall: The Peak’s Oldest Operating Youth Hostel (NT) PDNPA. 2012. Conservation Area Appraisal: Ilam Conservation Area RIBA Library Catalogue John Shaw elevations and plans of Ilam Hall 1821 (SB92/12-16), also available to view online at RIBA Images (RIBA54445, RIBA54446, RIBA 96319, RIBA96320, RIBA 96321) RIBA Library Catalogue Edward Blore1800 View of the Gateway and Lodges at Ilam Hall Staffordshire (SD90/9) available to view online at RIBA PIX RIBA37938 RIBA Library Catalogue Newstead Abbey Nottinghamshire (SD46/1) available to view online at RIBA PIX (RIBA20066) RIBA Library Catalogue Design for an octagonal monument c1840 by James Trubshaw (RIBA31611) Walford, E. 1869. The country Families of the United Kingdom [Wat-WAY], Spottiswode and Co, London

Websites (MM Trust)The Mausolea and Monuments Trust http://www.mmtrust.org.uk/mausolea/view/146/Pike_Watts_Mausoleum Heavac-heritage Robert Renton Gibbs http://www.hevac heritage.org/victorian_engineers/gibbs/gibbs.htm

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APPENDIX 1:

HISTORIC MAPPING AND ILLUSTRATIONS

69 The JESSOP Consultancy Sheffield + Lichfield + Oxford Appendix 1.1 1824 Ilam Glebe Map

Project: C10 Ilam Hall Drawing version: 1 Scale: as shown Reference: Staffordshire Record Offce D412/18

The JESSOP Consultancy Sheffeld + Lichfeld + Oxford Appendix 1.3 1839 Cobb’s Estate Map of Ilam

Project: C10 Ilam Hall Drawing version: 1 Scale: as shown Reference: National Trust

The JESSOP Consultancy Sheffeld + Lichfeld + Oxford Appendix 1.2 1838 Ilam Tithe Map

Project: C10 Ilam Hall Drawing version: 1 Scale: as shown Reference: National Archives IR 30/32/12

The JESSOP Consultancy Sheffeld + Lichfeld + Oxford Appendix 1.4 1881Ordnance Survey Map

Project: C10 Ilam Hall Drawing version: 1 Scale: as shown Reference: n/a

The JESSOP Consultancy Sheffeld + Lichfeld + Oxford Appendix 1.5 1900 Ordnance Survey Map

Project: C10 Ilam Hall Drawing version: 1 Scale: as shown Reference: n/a

The JESSOP Consultancy Sheffeld + Lichfeld + Oxford Appendix 1.6 1922 Ordnance Survey Map

Project: C10 Ilam Hall Drawing version: 1 Scale: as shown Reference: n/a

The JESSOP Consultancy Sheffeld + Lichfeld + Oxford Ilam Hall, 1807, by Fanny de Bunsen (source: National Trust)

Appendix 1.13 Pictoral Evidence of the Post-Medieval Hall at Ilam

Project: C10 Ilam Hall Drawing version: 1 Scale: as shown A view from the Hall door at Ilam, c.1756, by Mary Granville Reference: n/a (source: National Library of Scotland, reproduced in DE Landscape & Heritage, 2007) The JESSOP Consultancy Sheffeld + Lichfeld + Oxford The Learning Centre

Appendix 1.7 1821 designs for Ilam Hall: ground foor Reference: RIBA 54445 The JESSOP Consultancy Sheffeld + Lichfeld + Oxford Project: C10 Ilam Hall Drawing version: 1 Scale: not to scale The Bothy

The Learning Centre

Appendix 1.10 1821 designs for Ilam Hall: east and south elevations Reference: RIBA 54446 The JESSOP Consultancy Sheffeld + Lichfeld + Oxford Project: C10 Ilam Hall Drawing version: 1 Scale: not to scale Bothy

Hall Cottage

Appendix 1.12 1875 sale plan of Ilam Hall: frst foor Reference: National Trust The JESSOP Consultancy Sheffeld + Lichfeld + Oxford Project: C10 Ilam Hall Drawing version: 1 Scale: not to scale Ilam Hall c.1830, probably by John Buckler (source: National Trust)

Appendix 1.14 Ilam Church c.1830, probably by John Buckler Illustrations of Ilam Hall (source: National Trust)

Project: C10 Ilam Hall Drawing version: 1 Scale: n/a Reference: as shown

The JESSOP Consultancy Sheffeld + Lichfeld + Oxford The Bothy The Learning Centre

Appendix 1.11 1821 designs for Ilam Hall: north and west elevations Reference: RIBA 96321 The JESSOP Consultancy Sheffeld + Lichfeld + Oxford Project: C10 Ilam Hall Drawing version: 1 Scale: not to scale Hall Cottage (site of)

The Bothy

Appendix 1.8 1821 designs for Ilam Hall: frst foor Reference: RIBA 96319 The JESSOP Consultancy Sheffeld + Lichfeld + Oxford Project: C10 Ilam Hall Drawing version: 1 Scale: not to scale Hall Cottage (site of)

Appendix 1.9 1821 designs for Ilam Hall: second foor Reference: RIBA 96320 The JESSOP Consultancy Sheffeld + Lichfeld + Oxford Project: C10 Ilam Hall Drawing version: 1 Scale: not to scale Ilam Hall, 1838, by Rayner (source: National Trust)

Appendix 1.15 Illustrations of Ilam Hall

Ilam Hall c.1880, probably by Rev F. Morris Project: C10 Ilam Hall (source: Morris 1880) Drawing version: 1 Scale: n/a Reference: as shown

The JESSOP Consultancy Sheffeld + Lichfeld + Oxford Ilam Hall, c.1930, showing east front before demolition (source: National Trust)

Appendix 1.16 Photographs of Ilam Hall

Project: C10 Ilam Hall Ilam Hall, 1949, showing east front after demolition (source: National Trust) Drawing version: 1 Scale: n/a Reference: as shown

The JESSOP Consultancy Sheffeld + Lichfeld + Oxford Ilam Hall, 1949, showing hall looking north, after demolition (source: Historic England image S331/1)

Appendix 1.17 Photographs of Ilam Hall

Project: C10 Ilam Hall Drawing version: 1 Scale: n/a Aerial Photo of Ilam Hall, mid 20th Century (source: National Trust) Reference: as shown

The JESSOP Consultancy Sheffeld + Lichfeld + Oxford Pepperpot Tower, from a collection dated c.1930-1950 (source: National Trust)

Appendix 1.18 Photographs of Ilam Hall

Project: C10 Ilam Hall Drawing version: 1 Scale: n/a Reference: as shown

The JESSOP Consultancy Sheffeld + Lichfeld + Oxford Ilam Hall Stables, c.1930, showing east elevation during demolition of hall (roof scar indicated) (source: National Trust)

Appendix 1.19 Photographs of Ilam Hall Stables

Project: C10 Ilam Hall Drawing version: 1 Ilam Hall Stables, 1930s-40s, showing east elevation after demolition of hall (source: National Trust) Scale: n/a Reference: as shown

The JESSOP Consultancy Sheffeld + Lichfeld + Oxford Ilam Hall Stables, c.1930, from an illustration in a guidebook marked “The Old Manor House” (source: National Trust)

Appendix 1.20 Illustration & Photograph of Ilam Hall Stables

Project: C10 Ilam Hall Drawing version: 1 Scale: n/a Reference: as shown National Trust Warden’s Land Rover, mid 20th century in front of the stables (source: National Trust) The JESSOP Consultancy Sheffeld + Lichfeld + Oxford Ilam Hall Stables National Trust Cafe, late 20th Century Ilam Hall Stables National Trust Cafe, late 20th Century (Room F1, looking west) (Room F1, looking east) (source: National Trust) (source: National Trust)

Appendix 1.21 Photographs of Ilam Hall Stables

Ilam Hall Stables National Trust Cafe, late 20th Century (Room F5/F10, looking north) (source: National Trust) Project: C10 Ilam Hall Drawing version: 1 Scale: n/a Reference: as shown

The JESSOP Consultancy Sheffeld + Lichfeld + Oxford Appendix 1.22 Hall Cottage, 1962 as existing ground foor plan

Project: C10 Ilam Hall Drawing version: 1 Scale: n/a Reference: National Trust

The JESSOP Consultancy Sheffeld + Lichfeld + Oxford Project: C10 Ilam Hall Appendix 1.23 Hall Cottage, 1986, as existing and proposed foor plans

The JESSOP Consultancy Reference: National Trust Sheffeld + Lichfeld + Oxford Drawing version: 1 Scale: n/a Project: C10 Ilam Hall Appendix 1.24 Hall Cottage, 1986, as existing and proposed elevations of rear range The JESSOP Consultancy Reference: National Trust Sheffeld + Lichfeld + Oxford Drawing version: 1 Scale: n/a

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APPENDIX 2:

PHOTOGRAPHY

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120 )

Digital no. no. Digital

2m scale; 2mscale; (

, looking west , looking Manor Stables View of : Appendix 2.1

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Appendix 2.2: View of the north elevation of the north wing

(2m scale; Digital no. 56)

Appendix 2.3: Detail of the paired doors and window in the north elevation of the north wing

(2m scale; Digital no. 57)

Appendix 2.4: Detail of the east elevation of the west range

(2m scale; Digital no. 81)

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85 )

Digital no. no. Digital of water trough and window

2m scale; 2mscale; ( Detail

7: in the south elevation of the north wing north the of elevation south the in

Appendix 2.

82 )

Digital no. no. Digital north wing

2m scale; 2mscale; (

View of the south elevation of the

6:

Appendix 2.

93 ) west

-

Digital no. no. Digital north

2m scale; 2mscale; ( View of the north wing, looking .5: Appendix 2

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Appendix 2.8: View of the south elevation of the south wing (first floor level)

(2m scale; Digital no. 64)

Appendix 2.9: View of Manor Stables looking north-east

(2m scale; Digital no. 65)

Appendix 2.10: Detail of the blocked door and inserted window in the west elevation of the south wing

(Digital no. 61)

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67 )

(Digital no. south wing south

2m scale; 2mscale; View of the east elevation of the

13: Appendix 2.

83 )

(Digital no. south wing south

2m scale; 2mscale; View of the north elevation of the

12:

Appendix 2.

84 )

Digital no. no. Digital

2m scale; 2mscale; ( the west range west the Detail of the arcade to the east of

1: Appendix 2.1

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66 )

(Digital no. Detail of finial to west gable of the north wing north the

16: Appendix 2.

G12

63 )

Digital no. no. Digital

2m scale; 2mscale; (

Detail of blocked dorr in to

15: in the north elevation of the north wing north the of elevation north the in Appendix 2.

62 )

Digital no. no. Digital

2m scale; 2mscale; ( View of the north elevation of the

14: north wing (ground floor level)

Appendix 2.

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) G9

59 )

Digital no. no. Digital

1m scale; 1mscale;

Detial of a window in the west (

19: elevation of the west range (lighting Appendix 2.

58 )

of the west gable of the no. Digital

View 2mscale;

( 18: north wing, looking north Appendix 2.

60 )

Digital no. no. Digital

2m scale; 2mscale; ( View of the west elevation of the

17: west range, looking south Appendix 2.

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) 3 , looking south , looking

Digital no. no. Digital G3

10cm scale; 10cmscale; ( Detail of scar from removed stall

22 : partition rail in Appendix 2.

, looking north , looking ) 2 G3

Digital no. no. Digital View of

2m scale; 2mscale; ( 21 : Appendix 2.

west -

) 1 , looking north , looking G1

Digital no. no. Digital

2m scale; 2mscale; ( View of

20 : Appendix 2.

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)

128

(Digital no. , looing south , looing Detail of iron tethering ring in

G5 25 : Appendix 2.

) , looking east , looking 12 7 G5

(Digital no. Detail of scar from removed stall

24 : partition rail in Appendix 2.

west -

)

126 , looking south , looking G5

Digital no. no. Digital of

2m scale; 2mscale;

View (

23 : Appendix 2.

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Appendix 2.26: General view of F19, looking west

(2m scale; Digital no. 121)

Appendix 2.27: View of the trusses in F19, looking east

(2m scale; Digital no. 123)

Appendix 2.28: Detail of the exposed joists above the covered passage along the front of the west range

(Digital no. 80)

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90 ) in G10 in

(Digital no. Detail of the capital of a column

31 : Appendix 2.

F15

)

124

Digital no. no. Digital , looking west , looking

2m scale; 2mscale; ( Detail of the door between

and F12 30 : Appendix 2.

, looking , looking G6

91 )

Digital no. no. Digital north

2m scale; 2mscale; ( Detail of the door to

29 : Appendix 2.

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Appendix 2.32: Detail of stairsbetween F12 and G9

(10m scale; Digital no. 24)

Appendix 2.33: Detail of basin in understair cupboard of G9

(10m scale; Digital no. 92)

Appendix 2.34: General view of G10, looking north-west

(2m scale; Digital no. 89)

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87 ) west

-

Digital no. no. Digital north

General view of 2mscale;

( 37 : Appendix 2.

to F1 to

G12

77 )

Digital no. no. Digital

1m scale; 1mscale;

Detail of stairs from (

36 :

Appendix 2.

G12

76 )

Digital no. no. Digital Detail of door to

35 : 2mscale; ( Appendix 2.

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Appendix 2.38: General view of G14, looking south-east

(2m scale; Digital no. 88)

Appendix 2.39: Detail of fireplace in F13

(1m scales; Digital no. 125)

Appendix 2.40: Detail of window in corridor F12, looking west (1m scale; Digital no. 23)

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Appendix 2.41: General view of F5, looking north-west

(2m scale; Digital no. 19)

Appendix 2.42: Detail of latch to window in F5, looking south-east

(10cm scale; Digital no. 21)

Appendix 2.43: General view of F4, looking south-west

(2m scale; Digital no. 6)

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18 )

Digital no. no. Digital

looking south looking 2mscale; ( Deail of door between

46 :

Appendix 2. F10 ,

22 )

Digital no. no. Digital General view of room looking east looking

2m scale; 2mscale; ( 45 : Appendix 2.

F5

) 8

Digital no. no. Digital General view of room

1m scale; 1mscale; ( 44 : Appendix 2.

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Appendix 2.47: General view of F2, looking north-west

(2m scale; Digital no. 5)

Appendix 2.48: General view of room G5, looking north-east (2m scale; Digital no. 86)

Appendix 2.49: Detail of the chamfered beam in G12 (2m scale; Digital no. 79)

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16 )

Digital no. no. Digital east

10cm scale; 10cmscale; ( Detail of a stone cobel in 52 :

Appendix 2. , G11

78 ) east -

Digital no. no. Digital General view of room

2m scale; 2mscale; ( looking south looking 51 : Appendix 2.

G14

75 )

Digital no Digital General view of room

1m scale; 1mscale; ( 50 : Appendix 2.

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Appendix 2.53: General view of F1, looking east

(2m scale; Digital no. 10)

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Appendix 2.54: General view of F1, looking west

(2m scale; Digital no. 15)

Appendix 2.55: Detail of the balustrade around the staircase in the north- west corner of F1

(1m scales; Digital no. 12)

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Appendix 2.56: Detail of the window in the west wall of F1

(1m scale; Digital no. 13)

Appendix 2.57: Detail of queen-post truss in the west gable of F1

(2m scale; Digital no. 17)

Appendix 2.58: Detail of platform within roof structure over F1

(Digital no. 14)

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Appendix 2.59: General view of Hall Cottage, looking west

(2m scale; Digital no. 73)

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Appendix 2.60: South elevation of Hall Cottage

(2m scale; Digital no. 55)

Appendix 2.61: North elevation of the out building range of Hall Cottage

(1m scale; Digital no. 69)

Appendix 2.62: West elevation of Hall Cottage

(2m scale; Digital no. 68)

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east - 96 )

Digital no. no. Digital

General view of the staircase in 10cmscale;

, looking south , looking ( G2 65 :

Appendix 2.

G2

72 )

Digital no. no. Digital

Detail of the front door in the 2mscale; ( 64 : north elevation of Hall Cottage, into Appendix 2.

74 )

Digital no. no. Digital

2m scale; 2mscale; ( View of the north eelvation and 63 : abutting range of the north range of the hall

Appendix 2.

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Appendix 2.66: Detail of a wrought iron gate on the northern boundary of Hall Cottage

(1m scale; Digital no. 70)

Appendix 2.67: Detail of ornate walling forming a bay on the northern boundary of hall Cottage

(1m scale; Digital no. 71)

Appendix 2.68: General view of G5, looking west

(2m scale; Digital no. 94)

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Appendix 2.69: General view of G1, looking south- west

(2m scale; Digital no. 97)

Appendix 2.70: General view of G4, looking north- east

(2m scale; Digital no. 95)

Appendix 2.71: Detail of banisters at landing of staricase, F2

(1m scale; Digital no. 99)

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Appendix 2.72: General view of F1, looking north-west

(2m scale; Digital no. 98)

Appendix 2.73: General view of F5, looking north-west

(2m scale; Digital no. 100)

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, looking , looking F6

)

101

Digital no. no. Digital east

1m scale; 1mscale; Detail of window in ( 75 :

Appendix 2.

G3

)

102

Digital no. no. Digital and G1

detail of the door betwene 2mscale; ( 74 :

Appendix 2.

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Appendix 2.76: General view of Pepperpot Tower, looking south

(2m scale; Digital no. 48)

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51 )

(Digital no. General view of the interior of 79 : Pepperpot Tower, looking east

Appendix 2.

46 )

Digital no. no. Digital View of Pepperpot Tower,

looking north looking 2mscale; ( 78 : Appendix 2.

47 )

Digital no. no. Digital View of Pepperpot Tower, looking west looking 2m scale; 2mscale; ( 77 : Appendix 2.

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Appendix 2.80: General view of the interior of Pepperpot Tower, looking east

(Digital no. 50)

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52 )

Digital no. no. Digital

2m scale; 2mscale; ( , looking west west , looking The Bothy View of 81 : Appendix 2.

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Appendix 2.82: The west elevation of the Bothy

(2m scale; Digital no. 54)

Appendix 2.83: General view of G2, looking west

(1m scale; Digital no. 104)

Appendix 2.84: Detail of the ceiling of G3, showing the remanant of a fire hood

(Digital no. 103)

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, looking north, north, , looking

G1 )

105

Digital no. no. Digital

scale; scale;

2m General view of 86 : noting the underside of a staircase

Appendix 2.

53 )

Digital no. no. Digital

looking north looking 2mscale; ( General view along the covered 85 : passage along the east elevation of The Bothy, Appendix 2.

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Appendix 2.87: General view of Ilam Hall, showing the south and west elevations of the Learning Centre, looking north-west (2m scale; Digital no. 28)

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26 )

elevation (Digital no. Detail of the door in the east 90 : Appendix 2.

east -

29 )

Digital no. no. Digital

General view of the west and 2mscale; ( 89 : Appendix 2. south elevations of Ilam of Hall, north elevations looking south

27 )

Digital no. no. Digital

2m scale; 2mscale; ( View of the east elevation of Ilam Hall, looking west 88 :

Appendix 2.

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Appendix 2.91: General view of the west and south elevations of the Learning Centre, looking north-east

(2m scale; Digital no. 30)

Appendix 2.92: General view of the west elevation of Ilam Hall, looking east

(Digital no. 20)

Appendix 2.93: General view of G7, looking south- east

(2m scale; Digital no. 106)

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Appendix 2.94: General view of G7, looking west

(2m scale; Digital no. 108)

Appendix 2.95: Detail of the cornice in G7

(Digital no. 109)

Appendix 2.96: General view of G18, looking south-west

(2m scale; Digital no. 117)

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)

111

Digital no. no. Digital south General view of 2m scale; 2mscale; ( 99 : Appendix 2.

, looking , looking G8

)

110

Digital no. no. Digital west General view of

2m scale; 2mscale; ( 98 : Appendix 2.

looking , looking G6

)

107

north

(Digital no. General view of 97 : Appendix 2.

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)

114

north

(Digital no. General view of 102 :

Appendix 2. , looking , looking G11

13 )

Digital no. no. Digital north

2m scale; 2mscale; ( General view along 101 :

Appendix 2. , looking , looking G12

)

112

Digital no. no. Digital south General view of

1m scale; 1mscale; ( 100 :

Appendix 2.

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)

119 west

- Digital no. no. Digital Genral view of north

10cm scale; 10cmscale; ( 105 : Appendix 2.

east -

)

118 , looking south , looking

Digital no. no. Digital G18 Detail of the corble to the

10cm scale; 10cmscale; ( 104 : vaulted ceiling in Appendix 2.

G18

west -

)

115

Digital no. no. Digital , looking south , looking Dtail of the door between

10cm scale; 10cmscale; ( 103 : and G15

Appendix 2.

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Appendix 2.106: Building 1 (Manor Stables), ground floor photo viewpoint plan

(NB: numbers refer to digital viewpoints, see Appendix 2.112 to cross reference to appendicies)

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Appendix 2.107: Building 1 (Manor Stables), first floor photo viewpoint plan

(NB: numbers refer to digital viewpoints, see Appendix 2.112 to cross reference to appendicies)

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Appendix 2.108: Building 2 (Hall Cottage), ground and first floor photo viewpoint plan (NB: numbers refer to digital viewpoints, see Appendix 2.112 to cross reference to appendicies)

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Appendix 2.109: Building 3 (Pepperpot Tower), ground floor photo viewpoint plan

(NB: numbers refer to digital viewpoints, see Appendix 2.112 to cross reference to appendicies)

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Appendix 2.110: Building 4 (The Bothy), ground floor photo viewpoint plan

(NB: numbers refer to digital viewpoints, see Appendix 2.112 to cross reference to appendicies)

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Appendix 2.111: Building 4 (The Learning Centre), ground floor photo viewpoint plan

(NB: numbers refer to digital viewpoints, see Appendix 2.112 to cross reference to appendicies)

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Appendix 2.112: Photographic Register

Digital Building No. Viewpoint Appendix (room no.) Description Scale Direction Date 1 2.20 B1 (G1) General view 2m W 16.04.19 2 2.21 B1 (G3) General view 2m N 16.04.19 Detail of stall fixing on 3 2.22 B1 (G3) heel post 10cm S 16.04.19 4 as 2.47 B1 (F2) General view 2m W 16.04.19 5 2.47 B1 (F2) General view 2m W 16.04.19 6 2.43 B1 (F4) General view 2m S 16.04.19 7 B1 (F5) General view 1m S 16.04.19

8 2.44 B1 (F5) General view 1m S 16.04.19 9 as 2.53 B1 (F1) General view 2m E 16.04.19 10 2.53 B1 (F1) General view 2m E 16.04.19 11 as 2.55 B1 (F1) Detail of stairwell 2m W 16.04.19 12 2.55 B1 (F1) Detail of window 1m W 16.04.19 13 2.56 B1 (F1) Detail of ceiling platform n/a N 16.04.19 14 2.58 B1 (F1) General view 2m W 16.04.19 15 2.54 B1 (F1) General view 2m W 16.04.19 16 2.52 B1 (F1) Detail of corble 10cm E 16.04.19 17 2.57 B1 (F1) Detail of end truss 2m E 16.04.19 18 2.46 B1 (F5) General view 2m S 16.04.19 19 2.41 B1 (F5) General view 2m W 16.04.19 20 2.92 B4 View across from Stables n/a E 16.04.19 21 2.42 B1 (F5) Detail of window latch 10cm E 16.04.19 22 2.45 B1 (F10) General view 2m NE 16.04.19 23 2.40 B1 (F12) Detail of window 1m W 16.04.19 24 2.32 B1 (F12) Detail of stairwell 10cm E 16.04.19 25 as 2.32 B1 (F12) Detail of stairwell 10cm E 16.04.19 26 2.90 B4 Detail of door 2m W 16.04.19 27 2.88 B4 General view 2m W 16.04.19 28 2.87 B4 General view 2m NW 16.04.19 29 2.89 B4 General view 2m N 16.04.19 30 2.91 B4 General view 2m N 16.04.19 Digital viewpoints 31-43 are of Wood Lodge (Building 7) 44 Cover General View across river to hall n/a NW 16.04.19 45 General View across river to hall n/a NW 16.04.19

46 2.78 B3 General view 2m N 16.04.19 47 2.77 B3 General view 2m W 16.04.19 48 2.76 B3 General view 2m S 16.04.19 49 as 2.80 B3 (G1) General view n/a SE 16.04.19 50 2.80 B3 (G1) General view n/a SE 16.04.19

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Digital Building No. Viewpoint Appendix (room no.) Description Scale Direction Date 51 2.79 B3 (G1) General view n/a SE 16.04.19 52 2.81 B4 General view 2m W 16.04.19 53 2.85 B4 General view 2m N 16.04.19 54 2.82 B4 General view 2m E 16.04.19 55 2.60 B2 General view 2m N 16.04.19 56 2.2 B1 General view 2m S 16.04.19 57 2.3 B1 General view 2m S 16.04.19 58 2.18 B1 General view 2m NE 16.04.19 59 2.19 B1 Detail of window 1m E 16.04.19 60 2.17 B1 General view 2m SE 16.04.19 61 2.10 B1 General view 2m E 16.04.19 62 2.14 B1 General view 2m NE 16.04.19 63 2.15 B1 Detail of blocked door 2m N 16.04.19 64 2.8 B1 General view n/a N 16.04.19 65 2.9 B1 General view n/a N 16.04.19 66 2.16 B1 Detail of finial n/a N 16.04.19 67 2.13 B1 General view 2m W 16.04.19 68 2.62 B2 General view 2m E 16.04.19 69 2.61 B2 General view 1m S 16.04.19 70 2.66 B2 Detail of garden gate 1m NW 16.04.19 71 2.67 B2 Detail of garden wall 1m E 16.04.19 72 2.64 B2 Detail of door 2m S 16.04.19 73 2.59 B2 General view 2m SW 16.04.19 View of end gable of hall's 74 2.63 B2/B4 northern ancillary range 2m S 16.04.19 75 2.50 B1 (G14) General view 1m S 16.04.19 76 2.35 B1 (G13) Detail of door 2m W 16.04.19 77 2.36 B1 (G12) Detail of stairwell 1m W 16.04.19 78 2.51 B1 (G12) General view 2m SE 16.04.19 79 2.49 B1 (G12) Detail of ceiling beam n/a N 16.04.19 80 2.28 B1 Detail of ceiling joists n/a N 16.04.19 81 2.4 B1 General view 2m W 16.04.19 82 2.6 B1 General view 2m N 16.04.19 83 2.12 B1 General view 2m S 16.04.19 84 2.11 B1 Detail of piers 2m SW 16.04.19 Detail of trough and 85 2.7 B1 window 2m N 16.04.19 86 2.48 B1 (G15) General view 2m NE 16.04.19 87 2.37 B1 (G11) General view 2m NW 16.04.19 88 2.38 B1 (G11) General view 2m SE 16.04.19

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Digital Building No. Viewpoint Appendix (room no.) Description Scale Direction Date 89 2.34 B1 (G10) General view 2m NW 16.04.19 90 2.31 B1 (G10) Detail of column capital N/A NW 16.04.19 91 2.29 B1 (G7) Detail of door 2m N 16.04.19 92 2.33 B1 (G9) Detail of basin 10cm NW 16.04.19 93 2.5 B1 General view 2m NW 16.04.19 94 2.68 B2 (G5) General view 2m NW 16.04.19 95 2.70 B2 (G4) General view 2m NE 16.04.19 96 2.65 B2 (G2) Detail of stairwell 10cm E 16.04.19 97 2.69 B2 (G1) General view 2m E 16.04.19 98 2.72 B2 (F1) General view 2m S 16.04.19 99 2.71 B2 (F2) Detail of stairwell 1m S 16.04.19 100 2.73 B2 (F5) General view 2m N 16.04.19 101 2.75 B2 (F6) Detail of window 1m E 16.04.19 102 2.74 B2 (G2) Detail of door 2m E 16.04.19 103 2.84 B4 (G3) General view n/a S 16.04.19 104 2.83 B4 (G2) General view 1m SW 16.04.19 105 2.86 B4 (G1) General view 2m SW 16.04.19 106 2.93 B4 (G7) General view 2m SE 16.04.19 107 2.97 B4 (G7) General view 2m NW 16.04.19 108 2.94 B4 (G7) General view 2m NW 16.04.19 109 2.95 B4 (G7) Detail of cornice n/a N 16.04.19 110 2.98 B4 (G8) General view 2m N 16.04.19 111 2.99 B4 (G10) General view 2m S 16.04.19 112 2.100 B4 (G12) General view 1m S 16.04.19 113 2.101 B4 (G11) General view 2m N 16.04.19 114 2.102 B4 (G16-17) General view n/a N 16.04.19 115 2.103 B4 (G18) Detail of door 10cm S 16.04.19 116 as 2.103 B4 (G18) Detail of door 10cm W 16.04.19 117 2.96 B4 (G18) General view 2m S 16.04.19 118 2.104 B4 (G18) Detail of corble 10cm SE 16.04.19 119 2.105 B4 (G18) General view 10cm NE 16.04.19 120 2.1 B1 General view n/a NW 20.05.19 121 2.26 B1 (F19) General view 2m W 20.05.19 122 B1 (F19) Detail of truss n/a W 20.05.19

123 2.27 B1 (F19) General view 2m E 20.05.19 124 2.30 B1 (F15) Detail of door 2m SW 20.05.19 125 2.39 B1 (F13) Detail of fireplace 1m S 20.05.19 126 2.23 B1 (G5) General view 2m SE 20.05.19 127 2.24 B1 (G5) Detail of heel post 2m W 20.05.19 128 2.25 B1 (G5) Detail of tethering ring 2m S 20.05.19

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APPENDIX 3:

DESIGNATION DESCRIPTIONS

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COACH HOUSE AND STABLE BLOCK C.20 YARDS SW OF ILAM HALL

Grade II NHLE: 1374598 Date first listed: 15 March 1985 Statutory address: COACH HOUSE AND STABLE BLOCK APPROXIMATELY 20 YARDS SOUTH WEST OF ILAM HALL National Grid Reference: SK 13104 50635

NTSMR: 60159

Coach house and stable block, now a classroom and tea room. Remodelled c1830 perhaps by James Trubshawe, but probably retains some earlier fabric. Coursed limestone rubble with ashlar quoins and dressings; clay tile roof with coped verges on kneelers; ashlar ridge stacks. Tudor Gothic style; U-shape plan; coach house in main range; stables in wings; accommodation for grooms on first floor. 2 storeys; 1:6:1 bays; central;recessed main range flanked by projecting gabled wings capped by pinnacles, to left and right; roll and fillet moulded mullioned windows with straight hood moulds; those to main range and to sides of wings have 2-lights, those to gable ends of wings have 3-lights. The ground floor of the main range has 5 four centred coach arches in the centre with a double leaved iron studded door behind each; to either side of this arcade and separated by a slim buttress is a Tudor arch doorway with straight hood mould; there is a similar doorway in the centre of the side of each crosswing. Interior: King post roof (bolted rather than pegged) to left hand wing.

https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1374598

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ILAM HALL AND GARDENERS COTTAGE

Heritage Category: Listed Building Grade: II* NHLE: 1188713 Date first listed: 01 February 1967, amended 15 March 1985 Statutory address: ILAM HALL AND GARDENERS COTTAGE, ILAM PARK National Grid Reference: SK 13137 50660

NT SMR: 60097 & 69566

Remains of country house now youth hostel and attached cottage. 1821-6. Built by James Trubshawe to the designs of John Shaw. Ashlar; slate roofs; ashlar stacks. Tudor Gothick style. East Elevation: In 3 parts; tower to left; central range and stair turret; porte cochere to right. Tower: 3 storeys; 1 window; ground floor doorway with 4- centred head; first floor tall mullioned and transomed window of 6 lights; second floor mullioned windows of 3 lights, both windows have square heads and straight hood moulds. Moulded parapet band to plain parapet. Central range and stair turret: 3 storeys with moulded first floor band; 5 windows, extending through 2 storeys as open hall; pointed mullioned and transomed; crenellated transoms; the 2 lower lights have trefoiled heads, the 2 upper ones ogee heads,stylised Perpendicular tracery above; moulded parapet band and crenellated parapet; semi- octagonal stair turret to right standing higher than central range, lit by narrow loops; moulded bands to first stage continued from central rang to second stage, and to crenellated parapet; integral gable end stack behind turret with 4 circular section shafts, 2 twisted and 2 with chevron ornament, all have crenellated caps. Porte Cochere: 2 storeys; 1:1:1 bays; octagonal turret to right with crenellated parapet and concave sided cap surmounted by ball finial; square projection to left with first floor pointed window; central 4-centred coach arch; first floor band decorated with quatrefoils; panel to first floor with moulded edges containing a coat of arms; moulded parapet band and crenellated parapet. Service Courtyard to North: East Elevation: 2 storeys; 5:1:5 bays; central gatehouse with 4 centred coach arch, first floor 4-light mullioned oriel with moulded base and crenellated parapet; ovolo moulded parapet band to crenellated parapet; arcade of 4-centred arches to each side; 3 first floor 3-light mullioned windows to each side; ridge stack to centre of left hand range of 6 square sectioned shafts; integral gable end stack to right.

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NB: Hall Cottage (aka Gardeners Cottage) is attached to Ilam Hall and so is included in the same listing.

Gardener's Cottage attached to North end. Coursed and squared limestone rubble with hammer dressed ashlar quoins and dressings; hipped slate roof; hammer dressed ashlar stacks. L shape plan. 2 storeys; 2 windows; projecting blind wing to right; mullioned windows with hollow chafered mullions and rebated surrounds; ground floor left has 3 lights; first floor left 2 lights; first floor right a single light; 4 panelled door to ground floor right with oblong over-light, within an ovolo moulded surround; left hand return wall of wing has a 3-light mullioned window and a 2-light mullioned window both with hollow chamfered mullions in rebated surrounds.

https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1188713

TOWER APROXIMATELY 20 YARDS NORTH OF ILAM HALL

Heritage Category: Listed Building Grade: II NHLE: 1038115 Date first listed: 01-Feb-1967 Date of most recent amendment: 15-Mar-1985 Statutory Address: TOWER APROXIMATELY 20 YARDS NORTH OF ILAM HALL Listing NGR: SK1316050711

NT SMR: 60098

Tower, possible former dovecote, c1830. Probably built by James Trubshawe. Rough faced ashlar; hammer dressed ashlar plinth and steps. Octagonal plan. Flight of steps leading to ground floor door with Caernarvon arch head; lancet loops in every other face at mid-height; a roll moulded string marks the upper stage which consists of alternate square panels of a blank shield and a cruciform loop; crested eaves to an 8-sided dome of fishscale work capped by a ball finial. James Trubshawe built the probably contemporary Ilam Hall to the designs of John Shawe.

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APPENDIX 4:

FIELDWORK DRAWINGS

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