Trent and Mersey Canal CA Character Statement 2014

Home , Derby Canal, Derwent Mouth, Erewash Canal, James Trubshaw, River Trent, Shardlow

2014

SOUTH DERBYSHIRE DISTRICT COUNCIL Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement

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Contents

Views and Landmarks Building Materials and Details Architectural Quality Historic Development

Appendix Distinctive architectural details Loss and Damage Conservation Area Map Conservation Area Description Boundary Review • • • Area of Archaeological Potential Conservation Area Analysis • Introduction Summary Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement summarised asfollows: be Canalcan Mersey and of the Trent distinctive characteristics The the by, influenced or with, association in developed canal bythe or owned company. built often not canal, but ofthe presence buildings contain Derbyshire few These a Stenson. of expansion the to 18 led late the also in settlements its canal and the canal of the development with The associated and wharves. locks were bridges, that surviving ephemera the canalside are and length mileposts its buildings, Along England. in out engineering carried civil greatest yet the project was Canal Mersey and Trent the 1777 in completion its On The Mills. as far Millsas Kidsgrove. from Clay runs Clay that right at own its in canal area conservation the separate a of is canal section the of section Staffordshire Staffordshire the with west the its of to area section connects Derbyshire conservation The canal canal Lock. Mouth the Derwent of as far section as small Shardlow A beyond extends right. own its is in end area east conservation itslarge a and 1770s At the in completed areas. Canal, Mersey and conservation Trent the of other port terminal the two Shardlow, with connects area conservation The theTrentand Merseywithin Canal ConservationArea. falls stretch this of whole the and Derbyshire South within fall canal the of miles 14 Canal. Bridgewater the meets it where Cheshire, in Brook the Preston of to Derwent, confluence and the Trent rivers meets it where Derbyshire, industrial in country’s Shardlow the from of stretches part It as heritage. importance national of is Canal Mersey and Trent The Summary Derbyshire South by designated was Area Conservation 19th May1994. on Council District Canal Mersey and Trent thus The and interest special that when Council to the of by damage used worthy applications. of the development on merits judgements professional making be of will Canal document Mersey This degree enhancement. and future the for Trent opportunities assesses the also of It appearance and protection. character the makes that interest architectural and historic special the out sets It Council. District Derbyshire South with, association in and for, Conservation Morris Mel by produced been has statement This Introduction • •

tasot n cmuiain ordr o ocso takd y alas and railways by tracked occasion on roads, routebythe influenced the landform Trent valley ofthe corridor, communication and transport A and trees by bordered value, ecological wildlife native hedgerows of corridor meandering long, A

and early 19 early and

centuries, in particular Willington, Shardlow and Shardlow Willington, particular in centuries, 1

Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement -

century brick buildings facing the canal thefacing canal buildings century brick 2

century. century. It has been carried out as part of the

th th

and early early 19 and

th with walkers, cyclists and anglers and the canal is regularly used by narrowboats by the canal is regularly used anglers and with cyclists and walkers, Local details, such as cast iron canal mileposts and wide, segmental arched bridges distinct identity collective, that a reinforce structures few relatively with water stretches uninterrupted of Long An important recreational route within the East Midlands; the towpath is popular water and at locks water and moorings at and Lively working character at Stenson and Shardlow where there are established boat chandlery industries building and Small, simple Small, late simple 18 Bustle of regular narrowboat activity and bright coloured water craft along the

• • • • • • DerbyshireCounty Council. An area of archaeological potential may encompass both statutory designations Scheduled (including Ancient Monuments and Registered Historic Parks and Gardens) and other non An area of archaeological potential has been defined through an assessment of the known archaeological and documentary evidence established of from 1770 the until the industries mid 19 along the review canal of that each conservation were area Development in Control consultation Archaeologist with and the the County Sites and Archaeologist, Monuments the Record Officer at Area of Archaeological Potential

Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement c fr aig n keig h rvr rn, n h cute o Lietr Dry and Derby Leicester, of counties lessees. or his Uxbridge Earlof to the tolls granted and the in Trent, Trent, upon Burton to up river navigation the maintaining for provided the This navigable”. Stafford, keeping and making for Act “An called: 1699, in passed was Trent River the on navigation concerning Parliament of Act upper The 17 the of trade. and communication end the Navigation.at only was for it but stretches short in Trent role navigable been had Trent River the strategic of the reaches a of had head banks, its the on become Shardlow, had boundary, Leicestershire / Derbyshire 17 19 the of half second the By the Midlands. the across route trade until up and part, in navigable was Trent River The bulk of problems many to answer the goods. of heavy transportation as seen were frantic Canals almost markets. an new was reach there to and rush ahead surging was Britain of development industrial the pre Canals Development Historic Area Analysis Conservation area. conservation the of boundary the with coincide necessarily not need potential archaeological of area An archaeological that expectation reasonable ground. below survive canal may be 18 may the to relating there evidence potential archaeological of the area the in Within removed. evidence been have physical may ground above and structures and declined trackways of canal form the along industries the centuries, the Over for reason. that interest archaeological industrial of is and country the in canals earliest the of one is Canal Mersey and Trent The Record. Monuments and Sites Derbyshire from the site information statutory View today of the junction of the River Trent, River Trent, of theRiver the of junction View today Derwent and the canal at Derwent Mouth Derwent at the canal and Derwent th

- century that it became completely navigable as far as Burton on Trent. The first The Trent. on Burton as far as navigable completely became it that century dated the railway transport network by some 60 years or more, at a time when time a at more, or years 60 some by network transport railway the dated

century and early 19 early and century

century industrial development of the of development industrial century

failed to prevent its construction. its they prevent to failed but canal the main to the objectors of one was Company inevitable. The Trent Navigation Navigation Trent The inevitable. almost was River the to alignment bulk similar of a following much transportation method a reliable provide to more canal a of 18 the of half second the water. during Britain canals into or of introduction of the With flooding shortages seasonal through level, in either fluctuations significant to prone was it as transportation bulk of method unreliable an was Trent River the rivers, many Like th th

century it was an important an was it century century Wilne Ferry, on the on Ferry, Wilne century th

century, the creation creation the century,

Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement - on -

centuries salt

th century century rocksalt

th and 18

th operation operation of a number of - century, when it was first used

th One of the main commodities carried on the Trent and Mersey Canal was salt. From medieval times been salt had transported across country along long drovers’ roads. distancesIt was used in preserving during the 17 food but became important for the were pottery industry. used pans Salt growing to make salt from inland brine springs as distinct from sea salt, which made was around the British During coastline. the 18

4 drawn drawn wagon. With minimal handling, pottery could be loaded onto - the original concept was for a strategic canal network that would link the

locked in the of England. The potterycentre Stokegrowing industry based around - Landowners along the route of the canal saw opportunities to exploit reserves of minerals on their land. The sand and gravel quarries within the Trent valley and the alabaster and mining became a much larger industry. The transportation of had salt taken place directly on the from Trent Navigation Cheshirefrom the late 17 in the pottery industry, but the Trent and important Mersey Canal supplanted trade this and route became an for up along theof the canal. length damp, sprang it from to protect commodity, important salt. Salt warehouses, temporary holding areas for the North North Staffordshire. Historically china clay and flint had been shipped to Liverpool and then transported by horse the narrow boats and easily transported to markets all over the country via the expanding canal network. Wedgwood was one of its principal supporters and investors. Other industrialists, such as Matthew Boulton, the famous steam engine were manufacturer also and Birmingham investors. businessman, The Potteries relied brought from other parts upon of the country; china clay large and Cornish stone from Cornwall, quantities ball of raw clay from Devon, flint from Sussex, lead from Derbyshire, materials salt from Cheshire and coal from to be This was an enormously ambitious project both in terms of its engineering demands and its requirements for financial backing. industrialists in the North and East Midlands It who needed to reach markets, and who were relied upon land the co Trent was the primary industry to benefit from the new canal network and Josiah northern ports of Liverpool and Hull with Bristol and London. The intention was that the canal network would intersect and form a “Grand Cross” of waterways. This idea seems to have been in the minds of several men, including the famous canal engineer, James Brindley. Surveys for a waterway were made as early as 1755. With this network in mind, the Trent and Mersey initially Canal went by the name of the Grand Trunk Canal. The Trent and Mersey Canal was not the product of one individual’s imagination but came to link men. the canal was number of Thethe intention of a result interests of a of about as the east and west ports of Liverpool and Hull across the country, by means of connecting the two principal rivers that led into Liverpool (the River Mersey) and into Hull (the River Trent flows into the River Humber at Trent more than Falls, that just west of Hull). But the canal was The Trent and Mersey Canal was at first a competitor to the Trent eclipsed it. Navigation, but soon Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement ebsie i Ags 19, h oiia pooa ws eiwd y cmite of committee a by reviewed within was collieries broad proposal a for the estimate and survey original to reach commissioned was Outram the Benjamin and to businessmen the 1792, with pressure Canal August mounting Mersey in and to Trent Derbyshire, response the link In to Canal. 1771 as Chesterfield early as Derby through canal a the between flows advocated Brindley navigable James system. transport unreliable an was it but Derby, which been and Trent River had Derwent, Shardlow, near River Trent The the into flows 1796. and Derby and through 1793 between built was Canal Derby The Swarkestone at Junction Derby and Canal Derby The 1770 with datestone a bear still Derbyshire face. into the carved within bridges the of in Shugborough Several and Shardlow Staffordshire. between opened was canal the of section first the 1770 In HughHenshall. by he and wasreplaced was completed, from Canal, Bridgewater brother Brindley’s became eventually the was Britain engineer. its in was Henshall Brindley built James and 1761, be in completed to technical Worsley, to canal detailed Manchester works the first without except The records works no his therefore arethemselves. all there and undertook calculations He written or drawings coalpits. draining for engine self a was 1716, in Tunstead Buxton at near born Brindley, James route. a survey to started he 1758 in and construction Brindley James District the ofSouthwithin Derbyshire. entirely Derbyshire, within fall miles 14 miles 93 these Of Shardlow. beyond mile a Mouth, actual Derwent at The terminates it as suggest, points. mileposts the than longer end slightly is canal two the of length the between distances the reveal towpath mileposts the iron along cast canal run The that Mersey. the River the then where and Canal Ship Mouth), Manchester the into (Derwent runs eventually it where Shardlow from Runcorn, near from Brook Preston to Trent, miles River the with 93 connects for stretches canal The Canal. Cauldon the Canal and Worcestershire and Staffordshire the Canal, Coventry the Canal, Derby the including branches had Canal Mersey and Trent the time, In be to waterways inland earliest the of one 1777, Britain. in navigable in completed was Canal Mersey and Trent The 1766. July 14 in Wedgwood Josiah by oncut was sod first be The was navigation. the to enabling it had and canals All Parliament of Act Mersey”. by the to authorised Trent the from Navigation the of Proprietors of Company “the of Rugeley near Bridge Wolseley at held was meeting a 1765 December In length, its along dotted also were Limekilns industry. pottery survive. ofthese few very although the than extent lesser Aston at mines gypsum “(The) principal objects are the export of coals, limestone, freestone, gypsum, lead, lead, gypsum, freestone, limestone, coals, of export the are objects principal “(The) pig and bar iron, pottery wares and other manufactured articles, cheese, corn, corn, cheese, articles, manufactured other and wares pottery iron, bar and pig

was appointed as the resident engineer for the Trent and Mersey Canal (he (he Canal Mersey and Trent the for engineer resident the as appointed was

(1716

- on - 72 ws omsind o vre te uvy dsg and design survey, the oversee to commissioned was 1772) - Trent came to rely upon the canal for a short time, but to a to but time, short a for canal the upon rely to came Trent and other agricultural products” agricultural other and - made engineer, who had designed steam engines and an an and engines steam designed had who engineer, made

- in -

law). In 1772 James Brindley died, before the canal canal the before died, Brindley James 1772 In law). 5

a 16 ta te c ws passed was Act the that 1766 May

(Glover’s Directory (Glover’s

Hugh

1829)

Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement May, May, of 13

1836) 1836) that the

–

Derby Mercury

This small section of canal for for which surveyed Jessop during had 1787. This reviewed proposal Jessop by and wasa William he r e c made s o mincluding e a m short length e of r n d icanal a t to e i be o s built nwith to the s River join Trent, just above Swarkestone Bridge. o f This intended was to link possible apparently canal with and railway a to quarries and limeworks at Breedon, on the south side of the river, the route January 1965. January

th December December 1964 by the Department of

6 April, April, and the granting of Royal Assent on 7

Derby CanalDerby at Swarkestone

Junction of Junction the Trent & Mersey Canal the with Railway Company to Company. The becomeoriginal intention was to keep the canal open the as a feeder for its own traffic North and there Staffordshire is evidence from the Railway earliest Ordnance Survey and map railways (1” were scale already beginning Canal to be used in Carrying this way with transhipment taking place on Development of the railway network and the relationship with the canal In 1847 the Trent and Mersey Canal Company merged with the North Staffordshire warrant authorizing abandonment was issued on 3 Transport. Release of for maintenanceliability was on 5 The route of the Derby Canal cycleway that forms part of the National CycleSustrans Network. between Derby and Swarkestone is now followed by a The Derby Canal was excavated 44 ft wide at the top, reducing to 24 ft at the bottom. The maximum size of designed boat as a normally using the was 72 ftwaterway by 14 ft. broad navigation throughout; the channel was By the time of the Second World War traffic had virtually ceased on the Derby Canal and closure was authorised but the War Ministry put a stop to it in case it was needed. A Although this section of canal was disused by about 1820, the earthworks for the canal cut can still be seen in the originally fields referred to to the the south Derby of Canal the Derby as towpath. Canal the Act The “Swarkestone took petition place Canal”. on to The 17 Parliament passing 1793. The entire finishedwas canal and of fully operational by the end of June 1796. the incorporated three locks between the Trent and Mersey canal and the River Trent. Trent, passing by Derby to Smithy Houses, with a branch near Derby to the Erewash Canal near Sandiacre”. canal. The preliminary work was meeting rapidly of the completed promoters on by 8 September, Outram l792. An and September, article 1792, in he stated that the the canal reported would begin “at to or near Swarkestone on a the River Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement farmsteads). purpose (i.e. bridges accommodation by canal canal, the of side north the on mainly pre found, be can old farms the Several from separate west. and further distinct village was canal the along settlement new the Shardlow, of case the In shifted. place each of focus the canal, the of arrival the Willington with but existed and already Stenson Shardlow, canal. the along situated settlements several are There Settlements the its to of canal the alignment with parallel original ran canal. crosses it the where Bridge, toCuttle from Stenson south these the of off One 1866 Railway. spurred Junction In Derby which and Birmingham Derby, 1845. from in lines constituted several was established company railway the but Railway, Staffordshire North 1836 the by established been have Stoke, to appears line tothe Again Willington. near railway canal the crossing this off ran spur A 1839. in ran train Railway, north and Junction Stenson of west the to Derby canal the crossing before and miles Birmingham Burton from canal the the of south the of to ran which construction 1836, in established the was phase first The phases. several in established was canal the with interweaves now that network railway The tookcontrol. WaterwaysBoard British the 1963 in and 1948 19 the of half second the through network railway the by displaced gradually were canals The by over taken Railway(LMSR). Scottish and Midland London The was it 1923 in then and Company Anderton The became company railway purpose th -

dating the canal, just beyond the floodplain, and these became physically linked with the with linked physically became these and floodplain, the beyond just canal, the dating etr ad a vr ltl tafc y h 20 the by traffic little very had and century - ul cnlie hre wt nw ala sdns a a Wligo. n 85 the 1895 In Willington. at as sidings, railway new with wharves canalside built

Railway bridge over the canal near Stenson near thecanal over Railway bridge 7

- built bridges providing access to particular particular to access providing bridges built th

etr. h cnl a ntoaie in nationalised was canal The century.

- - 7 h Mdad Railway Midland the 67 east to Derby. The first The Derby. to east - on - Trent for several several for Trent Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement

end onto the canal -

century century and part used as

th operated operated crane also sat nearby. The -

Detailedplan of Willington

8 1816 (The Waterways Archive, Gloucester)

- 1853), and the refurbished platforms are in regular use. “The Rising Sun” on - storey brick - providing an interchange between the Birmingham canal. A and small brick building Derby served as a wharfman’s Junction cottage, built gable Railway and the to serve the railway/ canal link c1836 whole and industrial a area hand of the wharf was replaced in the 1970s by the grassy area, shrub building building no longer exists but the bridges survive, possibly designed by James Trubshaw Stafford (1773 of the cornerof Canal Bridge and The Green, known as “The Rising Sun Railway and Hotel” in White’s Directory of 1857, was probably built shortly after the railway arrived in 1836. By 1836 the small canal basin had disappeared and had been replaced by railway sidings, alongside the wharf, also appear to be here by were listed 1846in (Bagshaw). the 1820s. All three of the existing pubs In 1836 the Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway was routed through Willington and a small station / ticket office was built at road level, with station a high servedlevel platform above. Repton, The and the school in particular, as well as Willington. The station described in 1857 (White’s Directory) ownership of Messrs. Bass and as Smith of Horninglow, who were “a “coal, brick, tile, drainpipe, large warehouse lath and salt and merchants”. The building was still standing in the 20 coal wharf” in the a grain store, but it was significantly damaged by following year. a fire The Green in Dragon 1935 and the and cottage alongside, was Jasmine demolished Cottage, which the sat established alongside the here by canal proportions 1816, similar to those in Shardlow, with a stepped brick most verges, although closely much simpler resembling of in the design and building now used as Shardlow Heritage Centre. It was landownersWillington. A four tall, in built grain or warehouse corn was did not belong to the canal company belonged but to Messrs Spilsbury and Smith. The Spilsbury family w e r e l o c a l case displaced the their river trade, as the canal survey shows that the land surrounding the basin the canal and then the railway. It had always been an important place on and the River Trent, had several large warehouses commodities. The Green on Man, at the main the road junction, may riverbank have been built before for thecanal. In association with the construction of the iron, canal, a small canal basin was provided to salt, pottery and the south of other the canal, which appears on the 1816 survey of the disappeared by canal 1880. This but may have seems been provided to as a have sweetener for local landowners, in The development of Willington Willington developed in two short bursts of activity in connection with the arrival first of Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement brick as such industries, nearby of fortranshipment goods: opportunities provide to and manufacture, accommodate to built canal, the fronted once Wharves development Industrial for aHarpur built grounds, inits extensive sitting own House Stenson only with area, conservation the outside Harpur encroachments, roadside the as built by were most owned canal, the of was north the to land buildings the the Of manor. of the including partfamily, Crewe large a and farmers yeoman by dominated (1846 canal the of south and north the to form linear a in out spread inhabitants 115 and houses 19 had Stenson 1846 In Stenson of development The eventually was cottage brick The Green. The of east “Marina” the built. when was in1973 demolished the to embankment railway the and canal, the between located “Marina” the as locally known is that park car and planting 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1.

alsohouse, showsthe then known as “Weston Cliff”,nowtheUkranian Centre. canal the of survey 1816 The Shardlow. at and Wood Cliff at together, close come they where places two only are there and south the to away distance some situated generally is river the but Derbyshire, through Trent River the of course the follows canalroughly The theriver. of point crossing an old historically was This place. take could transhipment where 1816, in Wharf Mill King’s as known canal, the and river Wood, therea nearWestonuponTrent, once At Cliff was the smallwharf between little is There vegetation. by subsumed evidence aboutdocumentary this wharf. been has Bridge Monks and Bridge High between canal the with parallel running waterway of tranche long a Wharf, Egginton Aston nearby from alabaster and gypsum transported This canal. the alongside ran wharf and trackway a with Bridge Hicken’s near canal the of side north the on tramway A map OS edition second the of time the (1901). by and dismantled been extended had been and had redundant railway were the wharves These 1870s. of the and 1836 between sometime stretches sidings with adapted where towpath, the of south the to Farm”, “Potlocks at wharf transhipment and basin canal separate a was There were and towpath, the of withthe creationremoved Marina ofthe 1970s.the in south 1836 the in railway the to with association in Willington,developed near built were Wharves Bridge Massey’s of east the to canal the No. but this(Bridge 12) disappeared 20during the of side north the on wharf a was There thesurvives within gardenof RoseCottage. – canal the of side north the on Swarkestone at wharf a was There

ot f h bidns ae en eoihd u te tutr o te wharf the of structure the but demolished been have buildings the of most - on

- Trent andwasTrent developed circa1812. –

Bagshaw’s Directory). Stenson had been historically an area area an historically been had Stenson Directory). Bagshaw’s

Crewe tenant circaCrewe 1820. th - 39. The evidence for these was these for evidence The 39.

century.

“Cuttle Wharf” “Cuttle

- Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement range range and more -

range range vistas, and occasionally surprising views where a group of -

with Derby Canal view from Bridge No. 22 looking west

- View ofof junction & MerseyTrent Canal

- Right Above Above Like many early canals, its course meanders, following the contours of the landscape, with many bends. Later canals followed straighter courses for speed of travel. This meandering route gives rise to short expansive views across the fields, which contain earthworks with Age the settlement and remains cursus ditches of and a an henge (all Iron Scheduled Monuments), although these earthworks are not particularly at level.clear this canal follows the course of the sections of River the Trent canal and outside lies the within Derbyshire county where the canal is level with or higher than the surrounding fields and there are the have elevation flood and plain, there but are other long occasions views across the landscape, such within as between Weston Grange running eastwards as far as the A50. Here, the lack of hedgerow lining the northern edge of the canal provides viewpoints referred to are document. included in the conservation area The map character of the Trent included and Mersey Conservation Area is in of course linear but take this it in does views of the wider countryside and settlements from both its many bridges, along and so has its far reaching connections. length The Derbyshire and section of the viewed Views Landmarks and Every conservation area has a multitude expansive, of too changing numerous views, both to close cover comprehensively section describes a in selection of a general and documentmore specific views of that are this likely themselves to impress most scope. strongly This in a visitor’s experience of the conservation area. Some of the Along the canal there were occasional areas identified as “osiers” on the 1816 map of the canal. Osier beds were commonly planted along canals to provide a readily available source of material basket for for themaking boats. canal Immediately beyond the canal there is extraction, widespread as local evidencelandowners took advantage of of the pits presence of the for canal and exploited sand local mineral reserves. and gravel Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement give a snapshot of the local vernacular details. local the asnapshotof give to photographs, by supplemented is and area, conservation the within encountered details building traditional typical and special the lists Appendix The Canal. of Mersey and length Trent the the are along found there details and Nevertheless, materials building canals. the the in differences along regional distinct transported be could what in was by details building influenced and part materials of choice the network, canal the of arrival the With and Details Materials Building their canalare; appear alongthe landmarks main that The identify to users canal by used canal. ofthe route along the progression are that prominent the several landmarks are there within boundary area conservation landmarks the local Beyond Mouth. Derwent at starting main sequence in numbered are The these of most and bridges canal canal. many the are area conservation journey their the marking in along users canal assist landmarks Local buildings or a bridge comesinto view, from either the towpath or thewater. • • • •

MonksBridge ontheRiver Dove outcrop rock beyond the and Trent, River the on Mills, Kings (pictured right) Trent upon Weston near Church Mary’s St. cooling The of towers StationWillington Power

Station Power Willington at towers Left; thecooling Trent. the RiverMills on Dove, Kings on theRiver Bridge right;Monks and left above Landmarks,

Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement

shaped stone lintels in -

century century for structural details such as

and early 19

keepers’ keepers’ cottages at Weston and Stenson is still painted, th - century the use of stone was much more widespread, as a result

Later repairsLater redin and blue engineering bricks.

A typical canal bridge. coping Stone red to brick structure.

By the first half of the 19 of canal and rail transportation. Occasionally stone was incorporated into such certain as details, copings, the ashlar corners to the bridges the canal. along buildings and the wedge Brickwork was commonly limewashed and there are examples where traces can of limewash still be seen attached to Willington and the Stenson Lock brickwork Cottage. at The brickwork eaves at The level, Green Man Sun and such in The Willington, Rising as and the No. Lock 7 The Green,although modern masonry paints beenhave used over limewash.the original horizontal projecting bands, corbelled eaves, projecting some one plain above with the other several or courses brick projects to “dentilled” create a decorative of effect. This brickwork, is a common detail brick found where on the buildings each alternate headeralong the canal. Brickwork was used in the 18 brought on site narrowboat. by canal evidence of local brick pits in the made in documentary temporary record, clamp where kilns. Red bricks bricks would were have construction the been predominant material of used for the the differences bridges between the techniques of and construction, it is most likely thethat the bricks would have wharf been made buildings locally. As and time went on, carried canal out repairs in blue and bricks, which later cottages. were manufactured alterations in Staffordshire were and would commonly Given have been the Brick and stone Within the Trent valley there was a local tradition of brick making and there is some Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement at used also was 13 slate Welsh an villa. imitate Italianate to intended was eaves overhanging lock Stenson wide of use the latter, the of case the In and House. the Weston and Stenson include at cottages examples canal; the along transported probably was which slate, 19 the of half first Cottage. the from date to Lock tend roofs Hipped Swarkestone and Cottage Stop Bar Swarkestone at survive Examples area joints. the mitred with finished were and into canals, the along brought slate, Westmoreland graduated incorporate roofs hipped oldest The the is found occasionally verge. a steppedbrick also of use is that detail A the where brickwork. the verge, overlap close simply plain slate or a tiles with finished are roofs gable pitched of majority vast The still that Grange, Weston as such canal, the tiles. clay red made locally retain predate that properties several are There clay tilesbeing manufactured today,so is preserveoriginal it importantto examples. 18 late blue Staffordshire new the in found not are which colour, in the fluctuations subtle incorporate from Potteries the canal the along from area the into imported easily were and durable extremely are tiles These clay blue tiles. Staffordshire conservationarea have the within properties oldest of the Most Roofs and lintels stone with conjunction in lintels. gauged brick used were cills Stone brickwork. the onto directly placed was joinery window the and brickwork, the of properties weathering simple the on relying used, normally not were cills stone arches, brick segmental the with combination In • • are:lintel of most commontypes The cills and Lintels

- 19 The Green,Willington. adihd oehr sn lm pty Te eut a a rcs, thinly precise, a was result The were Bricks putty. construction. lime brick wedge of using types finer together the sandwiched for used were 18 bricks the “gauged” In lintel. brick gauged the the cut to need the without joints, brick. mortar the in wholly accommodated was taper the as construct to lintel easiest and simplest the was This buildings. domestic smaller 18 the in found generally is It arch. brick segmental the th

century and were usually clad in Welsh in clad usually were and century

- shaped lintel.

th - th keepers’

n ery 19 early and etr o. rgnl adae le ly tiles clay blue handmade Original on. century 13

Graduated slate roof with mitred hipsmitred roofwith slate Graduated th

etre hand centuries th

and early 19 early and - ubd rcs or bricks rubbed th

century on the on century -

jointed, jointed,

Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement

barges barges -

This change in practical reasons to width conserve water and was done make for construction particularly important more for the tunnels in economic, the Staffordshire and Cheshire sections of the canal. Derbyshire was probably intended The take the Trent River to barges in the early wide canal years of in the appeasing canal, the as Navigation. a users means of In described of 1829 as the “adapted the for Trent river canal of forty tons burthen”. The width of the was moorings. canal also enabled extensive multiple

Swarkestone Lock No. and 14 Bridge a separate area) a separate conservation 6. Stenson Lock (listed grade II) (listed grade 6. Stenson Lock 2. Shardlow Lock (listed grade II, within 3. II) grade Aston Lock (listed II) 4. (listed grade Weston Lock II) grade 5. Lock Swarkestone (listed 1. Derwent Mouth Lock (listed grade (listed II) grade Mouth Lock 1. Derwent arch” of many canal bridges. This could width and the canal accommodate towpath, suitable only just for pedestrian traffic. one On occasion the arch Trent was barge of 11“stretched” to feet accommodate a slightly wider section of towpath. At the time when the Bridges As the Derbyshire stretch of the canal was wider than the average canal, the canal bridges along this length were built with a shallow segmental arch, rather than the usual “basket There are six locks section of in the canal. These are all 14 the feet Derbyshire wide, accommodating two narrow boats at one oneturn or Trent barge; structures where a road pedestrian all footbridge, thein space of a few metres, Swarkestone as at and Stenson. bridge over the canal meets the lock gates and Locks a narrow In a few instances locks coincide with road networks and there is an attractive tussle of The Derbyshire section of the canal is wider than that other canals, and in this broadness is Staffordshire, a distinctive characteristic. and The Derbyshire section is indeed 31 most feet wide and 5’6” deep. This changes at Horninglow in Staffordshire to a width of 29 feet and 4’6” deep. The 14 feet wide locks in Derbyshire change to 7 feet wide in Staffordshire. Architectural Quality The Canal structure Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement here. reproduced been have these and survey canal 1816 the on names respective their with identified are bridges Many bridges track farm and Road the on are intheiroriginalwhole form. and reinforcement and repair escaped generally bridges accommodation farm new to conform to some 1930s, and legislation 1920s the in reinforced shows or evidence rebuilt Documentary were eras. many various that of bridges canal of range full a now is There funded. privately were thatthese mayindicate Lock, at Aston bridge the on JG of initials the of evidence the and bridges, access farm and road between other the differences subtle many the similar, were locks the serving bridges the Although walls fromtowropes. wear additional forthe toallow presumably battered curved, the serving corners, outer stone bridges with generally reinforced were The and others the than narrower made have piers. were locks square plain bridges in finishing original and arch, the The towards in deck. tapering concrete flat replaced a been has deck with timber or arch segmental the cases these In construction. girder steel or concrete a using rebuilt largely been have that bridges pedestrian and bridges road Bridge George’s Fine as such stone, in built been originally Bridge (Sarson’s bridge stone one also is There concrete. in replaced been occasionally have Copings bricks. red semi using arches, brick the particularly years, the over repaired been bull hand red, soft, from built mostly were bridges original The they and arches, bridges,as wasthe cross customaryelsewhere. the hadto over have would underneath bridges. pass not the could under 1785, passed in and introduced were barges which the Horses, dragged men of gangs built, first were bridges Bridge No. 4 Bridge No.3A Bridge No.3 Bridge No.2 Bridge No.1 - oe soe oig, u fw f hs srie n hi oiia cniin Mn have Many condition. original their in survive these of few but copings, stone nosed –

the Class “Z” bridge under the Rail & Road Traffic Act 1933. The more rural more The 1933. Act Traffic Road & Rail the under bridge “Z” Class the

Brick abutments and parapets with flat concrete deck, dated 1997. A new new A 1997. dated deck, (3A). it of concrete east flat the to with 1997 300yds dated built parapets and been has abutments, bridge brick abutments and Brick deck 1930 Hicken’s Bridge (now a modern replacement carrying theA50) circa concrete with widened bridge was Flat road c1943 the bridgea new carrying footpath acrosscanalnearA50 the when parapet, to installed railings Bridge with bull Shardlow A6 carrying the (in Conservation Area) bridge with concrete parapet Modern brick and Area) condition arch Conservation Shardlow (in Lane Wilne carrying (1816), Bridge” “Wilne original in segmental largely wide with copings; brick Red Bridge”“Flint (1816) II) grade (listed Shardlow Lane, Wilne Bridge, Porter’s –

No. 11) and evidence that some of the brick bridges may have may bridges brick the of some that evidence and 11) No.

- - made bricks with chamfered or chamfered with bricks made

No. 9. There are a number of number a are There 9. No.

engineering blue or blue engineering –

also known as known also

- nosed stone stone nosed

Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement nosed -

nosed stone -

largely rebuilt in red engineering bricks but

–

16 section beams and concrete deck, with brindled

nosed stone copings largely reinstated - section girders and deck, original brick bridge & stone parapet copings survive on east facing side. Stone bridgestone andcoping, hood stone incised mould projecting parapet datestone or nib withoverthrow, Massey’s Bridge 1770 to deep both Outer segmental coursed sides engineering abutments of stone arch thewith bricksparapet,andtimber withof projecting originalwithpost bull that andCuttle Bridge new facingrail bricknarrow fenceBridge east bridgeconcrete widened with survive deck, and brick rebuiltbut parapets largely in blue replaced rebuilt engineering in bricks in 1926. Sections of Narrowmainly footbridgebrick pedestrianabutments- repairswith for traffic, steel engineering to I parapetssome original insimple bricksblue stone handrails copings,posts with wrought and over bridge intermediate II) (listed grade near Weston Hill Bridge, Farm Sarson’s iron engineeringchamfered brick, stone copingsFine stepped George’s Bridge, also known as II) (listed grade “Scotch”, off stone King’s Mills Lane Largely outer stone original corners,copings lower brickwork abutments,tored brickbrick engineering with parapets,significant parapets wide bricks Footbridge some segmental crack with nearevidence (pictured right) Wood to one brick Cliff wall, of archstoneworksome andlater bullrepairsto plinth in blueand and Brick bridgebrick, largely outerincorporating original segmentalcorners, brickwork, date brick brick 1770 parapets witharch,Weston Grange near Bridge, Weston Cow Pasture &some with initials chamfered,Brick repairs chamfered JG,with some in large withsegmentalblue stone original bull steppedengineeringcentral copings brick brickwork stone stonearch keystone II) (listed grade at Weston Lock blocks surviving toRed outeron brick the bridge, abutments largely and original the soffit, with original replacement segmental arch in blue Acrelane Bridge, also known as “Dildrum Ford Bridge” (1816) Bridge” as “Dildrum Ford also known Bridge, Acrelane Flat bridgeengineering ofcoping; steel brick largely T abutments, rebuilt with lock) II along grade (listed Lock Aston c1917 steel but some handrail brickwork and & sections stone surviving of original stone

Bridge No. 13 Bridge No. 12 Bridge No. 11 Bridge No. 10 Bridge No. 9 Bridge No. 8 Bridge No. 7 6 No. Bridge Bridge No. 5 Bridge No.

Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement

Bridge No.22 Bridge No.21 Bridge No.20 Bridge No.19 Bridge No.18 Bridge No.17 Bridge No.16 Bridge No.15 Bridge No. 14

Brick bridge with segmental brick arch, some minor repairs in blue and red red and blue in repairs minor some arch, fencing brick steel of segmental panels east with copings, bridge intermediate brick with Brick blue piers and Swarkestone (listed grade IIalong with lock) moulded parapet with brick blue parapet I brick Riveted handrail and slim wrought iron rods, timber deck timber I rods, iron narrow of wrought slim bridge and handrail pedestrian Lattice footbridgepedestrian nearPotlocks Farm copings stone chamfered re and original red abutments, parapets in to brick reconstruction of later phase parapet with to bricks engineering rebuilt repairs blue largely arch in brick arch), to segmental rebuilt engineering Largely distortion red copings (some (pictured right) Lane and parapets arch stone Buckford blue brick segmental off brick with rounded with and corners, segmental arch condition, with pattern, outer and to original bridge original in blocks canal its later to Brick stone copings with 2012 Green“Stenson Bridge” near StensonJunction(listed (1816) gradeII) stone in stepped bridge large rebuilt chamfered and with largely arch accommodation parapet brick to bridge, canal with Brick handrails narrow bricks of steel Lock(listed gradeStenson II alonglock) with and deck abutments engineering blue brick concrete 20 in arch later Original copings and brick brick “ArlistoneBridge”near Arleston (1816) House and chamfered profile band segmental stone raised with moulded Original brick bridge with red rounded of canal bricks Brick bridge courses of been engineering Dale Bridge,off Dale Lane Deep Deep (listed grade II) inscription several blue sides has an in upon take both 1944 Arch to On parapet rebuilt arch. reinstated designed Bridge bricks. brick coping brickwork SinfinBarrow Lane Bridge, the bullnosed segmental brick engineering into chamfered set and blue is Original engineering panel with corners, parapets stone (defaced). a outer places brick in to parapet with repaired brick abutments Red parapets stone brick Lowes Bridge(listed grade II) over stepped copings brick, stone engineering

- section girders support deck of bridge, west facing side has blue blue has side facing west bridge, of deck support girders section

- set set -

deep deep

- section construction, with iron posts, posts, iron with construction, section th

century repairs to brick parapets. parapets. brick to repairs century

- facing side has shallow shallow has side facing

Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement -

girder girder -

century, century, with riveted iron plate box

pictured right. pictured

- faced stone piers and abutments, which are most impressive - nosed copings reset

at Buckford Lane. The roadiron bridge parapetsincorporates panels was of constructed intersectingcastover with railway,to both arches. carry decorative aligned the theIt which road at this canal are point. veryand closely the Repairs inbull blue engineeringcarrying brick the Trent and Mersey to Canal archover the River Dove, off and Derby “rustic” Road, Egginton bricks II) grade (listed toOf parapet. the aqueduct Stone 23 smallare is visiblesupported arches from thatby,the bank.only the 12 access bridge for gravel extraction site gravel for access bridge Bridge installed in “Gardener’s Bridge” (1816), farm track at OS 279 279, 1997, off Derby Road, concrete II) (listed grade Egginton andRed steel brick withrepairs, continuous brick chamfered abutments segmental “Hargate Lane Bridge” stone(1816), High Bridge, High Hargate (listed grade copingsarchII) with Brickrounded bridge moulded with bricks continuous and later segmental arch and brick band/ overthrow. “Willington Bridge” (1816), carrying the B5008 carrying Bridge” (1816), “Willington Concreterendered bridge rebuilt piers 1936, the A5132 carrying Willington, ironConcrete railings, cast panel concrete bridge with panels curved and concrete arch

cross the canal at sharp angles between Willington and Weston Lock. There -

andRoad bridge viaduct Aqueduct Bridge No. 26 Bridge No. 25 24 No. Bridge Bridge No. 24A Bridge No. 23 Bridge No. construction with riveted joints and flanges and either iron plate parapets or steel handrails. There are decorative rock viewed from the towpath, and occasionally gritstone parapets, just beyond the bridges are: canal. The The railway bridges of both the original Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway and its off shoots criss are five bridgesrailway crossing the canal and countless others in immediateits vicinity. The railway bridges were all built during the 19 Railway bridges Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement chain. by position into canal the of bed the from raised 11), were which (No. Bridge Sarson’s of east the gates, to stop as forsuch locations few a and also planks were stop there for brickwork the in slots had bridges the of Many maintenance. for drained be of series a could canal the had where planks, stop and gates stop canal the and breach, a of case in repaired, and maintained be to need canals All valves and planks gates/stop Stop Mileposts • • • • •

Bridge near Weston Lock Bridge nearWestonhill Farm Bridge nearStensonLock Bridge nearStensonJunction(DBPI Bridge nearWillington, designedJamespossibly by Trubshaw ofStafford Canalside ephemera Canalside

original their at from milepost commemorative canal MouthDerwent Lock. modern a the also is along There yards location. 50 been each about have mileposts moved The cast. ones were new mileposts with restored, The type. replacement and rescued were posts surviving the and WWII during removed this 77”. of T&MCS “19 7 inscription are the There with but same The the Society. is Canal Mersey casting and Trent the were by mileposts 1977 in the replaced Bridge, Monks and Swarkestone direction between other the In Shardlow. to mileposts Swarkestone from original running 6 are There rectangle. types simple two of and were quatrefoil plaques These post. each of base the to added and cast was 1819” Stone D & “R stating plaque A Dixon. a and post “half round a with designed were mileposts original The -

sluice mechanism (left) and crane (right) at Swarkestone atSwarkestone (right) crane (left) and mechanism sluice - obn tp n wr mnfcue b Rnee and Rangeley by manufactured were and top bobbin”

– 19

12)

–

Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement -

century century but has been

keeper’s keeper’s cottage and was - keeper’s keeper’s cottages; a cottage - century. They are symmetrical

th There are a handful lock of surviving at Weston Lock, one at Lock Stenson (pictured left) and a cottage at Swarkestone. The locks at Shardlow, Aston and were Stenson Derwent Mouth, originally accompanied by a lock keeper’s cottage located on “waste the weir” side where of the outflow could the be easily canal, controlled. “Derwent Lock House and garden” built on the north side of the canal at Derwent Mouth has

century, incorporating gauged

Lock Stenson Lock House, keeper’s cottage had been demolished by 1880. by demolished had been cottage keeper’s - keepers’ cottages and canalside houses - has the unmistakable estate chimney stacks, with rounded moulded brickwork. It may have been built by the estate for use alongside an impromptu wharf. brick lintels, sash pediment a circular window.with windows and a central A triangular grade II listed cottage “Stenson Lock Cottage” south of to the canal the at Stenson, developed shortly after the canal was built, was built by the Harpur Crewe estate and description states that it was a lengthman’s house. It was certainly one of the company that few was placed buildings very deliberately built canal, to but it by front is the very the fine indeed for canal and a typical lengthman’s of house, the late 18 The new cottage at Stenson Lock located on displaced the opposite the side of the original canal. For a lock time, both may have been original lock in use, but the High Bridge House, west of Willingtonwas (pictured right), called “Hargate House” in 1816 and the list buildings, buildings, with gauged brick lintels and stone cills, a central door and recessed panel “blind” windows above at first floor level, a central chimney stack and hipped roofs. In both cases the roofs are Welsh slate with wide overhanging eaves. This detail and suggest thatthey were built around 1820. the map evidence disappeared. The cottage at Shardlow was replaced by another canal. on the The north original side of cottage the at Aston removed. The cottage at Stenson replacedwas c1820. Lock survived into the 20 The surviving cottages at Weston Lock and Stenson Lock are of the the cottage same at type, Weston although Lock was extended in the mid 19 Buildingtypes Lock Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement • • in built were include: that survive that buildings of brick plain, all are handful They wharves. the with association a only are there Shardlow, Outside buildings Wharfside 1936. until wharf at Willington stood grain Awarehouse for Shardlow). area statement conservation (see area conservation separate a canal, the of section Shardlow the within or 19 early the during canal steam of number A warehouses Grain canal include; along the elsewhere houses Public in Shardlow. houses, beer or houses, public of number a were There the earlier. much is with Man Green The although associated canal, directly most one the been have to appears Dragon Green the these Of 1846. in existence in were which of all Willington within houses public three are There houses Public 1820s. in the was built Lock and lock Trent the The by Company. rented Canal and Crewe Mersey Henry Sir by and built house were The outbuilding windows. blind wharf and to adjacent end similar faceted style a a with in roads, built turnpike the was on and tollhouses roof slate Westmoreland hipped and graduated a has It Canal. Derby the of users the from tolls extract to location this in built probably was it but known not is date precise Its 1816. by existence in was Stop Swarkestone at house The roofs. slate Westmoreland graduated and eaves brick dentilled have Swarkestone at buildings canal The

• •

century and not 18 19 probablyearly is it thatsuggestsbrickwork The eaves.brick dentilled its by lifted Bar Stop Swarkestone to adjacent Outbuilding building the been have to It originalhas use. of its used been asahousefor manyyears. appears cottage evidence no is there but company canal the The by owned not boatshed, the as described Boatshed”. and Wharf Swarkestone “Cuttle Bridge, Cuttle Cottage, Rose farm group that was demolished when Willington Power Station was first first was Station Power Willington when demolished was developed. The“BoatInn” wasapurpose that group farm a to belonged Farm Potlocks name The Inn”. Boat “The formerly Farm”, “Potlocks No.21. Bridge has beenThis converted anIndian into restaurantcalled “Nadee”. and Lane Buckford near Greyhound canal the “The of north that the afterto built and (1880), Inn” (1836) Inn” “Dog the named formerly “Nadee”,

powered cornmills and grain warehouses were developed along the the along developed were warehouses grain and cornmills powered th th

century. century. Most of the cornmills were located within Staffordshire within located were cornmills the of Most century.

- keeper’s cottage, further to the east at Swarkestone Swarkestone at east the to further cottage, keeper’s 21

- built canalworkers pub. andboatmen’s - built, with segmental brick arches and arches brick segmental with built, Ti ws ecie i 11 as 1816 in described was This . . Thisa rather. is building, plain

Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement

built built and intricately connected with supporting the local industries. Its -

There are two principal features along this stretch of canal; Brindley’s canal aqueduct that runs over the River riverbank, Dove, and High Bridge House. on This is a fine the brick building of two County storeys plus an attic boundary, which is only visible from the widened to reduce the force of the current aqueduct and as a consequence on some of these watercourses may have been thecreated at that time. A long channel of water situated between new Monks Bridge and Highbridge House can Wharf. with Egginton been used association to Thishave appears in be seen on the 1816 survey. and a series of culverts carrying drainage channels and under the canal, originally of red brooks brick but mainly replaced in blue brick. The River Dove was The area is characterised by its wide, open landscape and low lying land within the river valley, where the Rover Dove the meets River Trent. numerous small There are watercourses Mills section of the canal is also dominated by the overbearing presence of the A38, which partly the tracks canal. Monks Bridge to Willington sections of the mainline railway. This is most noticeable near and Willington where the railway canal line are squeezed tranquillity of the canal. Elsewhere, the together presence of the dual carriageways, the A50 and the and freight trains A38, are thunder particularly felt, both of which appear to hover above the canal for a distance. The past, disturbing the presence of the A50, and the sound of traffic, is most pronounced near immediately Swarkestone east of and Aston Lock, where the A50 crosses the canal. The Willington to Clay river water, it is waterfowl. nevertheless of sufficient quality to support The a importance of the canal as a transport thriving and communication corridor and a habitat sense of its for industrial past can be appreciated from the towpath, which regularly runs parallel with The character of the canal has changed since its early days, when introduction to the it landscape. The was growth of trees, a shrubs and hedgerows new along its length and stark has transformed it from a stark, engineered structure to a soft edged, wildlife corridor. The water was once described by Josiah Wedgewood as possessing “a stagnant ochery surface”, although that description would have best fitted its Although the industrial canal water heartland is still in churned theup by Potteries. canal craft, and doesn’t have the clarity of slow lifestyle, it was of course an industrial corridor and its wharves and its buildings were all purpose significance, therefore, lies largely Midlands. in its contribution to the industrial history of the ConservationDescription Area Although the character of the canal is now entirely devoted to the pursuit of leisure and a Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement very busy space dominated by traffic and measures to control traffic, in the form of of form the in traffic, control to measures and traffic by dominated space busy very intersect roads four where junction, road main a upon focussed are Willington in buildings the canal the Beyond 1820. circa ofcanalbuilding, wave duringasecond itsown,built on sits the enjoying that for cottage small a canal is there canal the the of side north the along On boats. narrow available moored of array spaces pleasant open few the a of one is space, green open It closed. wharf the after 1973 in created Marina, the as known a area, largeamenity is Green 13 cottages of terrace the and Dragon Green The of rear To the used. infrequently are character, they private and a of has network footpaths This houses workshops. to and routes important were that once the paths and upon lanes focussed narrow it, face from canal away the the front as that unusual buildings is Willington Also expected. characterthan may be views tranquil open are there south, more a canal the of section this the giving north the to landscape pastoral to rising gently a across Willington of bustle its the of Despite some lost character. has canal historic the of section this result, a As south bridges. concrete with the replaced from Willington approaching In Willington dual a A38, page). picture previous (see on towpath from the seen the to proximity its of east low of expanses large Bridge High the by To Street). (Rykneld characterised road Roman a of is alignment the follows canal that carriageway of section This towpath. the of sections long line buckthorn, and blackthorn occasional with hedgerows, Hawthorn canal. the with relationship dramatic relatively a has towpath the to proximity its of because which storey,

Canal Bridge, The Green, Repton Road and Castle Way. It is now a now is It Way. Castle and Road Repton Green, The Bridge, Canal - 9 The 19 - lying land are being quarried for gravel. Deep pits can be be can pits Deep gravel. for quarried being are land lying

23 - et te rgnl rc bigs ae been have bridges brick original the west,

n te ak f rvt space, private of lack the and traffic, of amount the of Because street. the in gap a left has area, conservation the outside just and junction, the of side southern the on building Station the but of loss the space, the enclose orientation to helps their and frontage pavement The wide a Sun. have still Rising pubs The and Man Green The Station, the an buildings; once was three by fronted space This important islands signs. and bollards, roundabouts,

Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement

century. century.

th built stud farm. It was -

headed casement windows. casement headed - preserved preserved historic buildings (see -

industrial buildings serving the buildings serving boatyard. industrial - century century but several, such as Arleston House Farm (just within the

industrial industrial character, largely th -

built structure with a dentilled eaves course eavesand segment course with a dentilled built structure - characterised by a number of during large properties the in 19 substantial grounds, conservation area) that predate the canal. The close somephysical relationship with the canal was developed promoted by the construction of accommodation bridges. Arleston House Farm can be Stenson to Swarkestone Between Stenson and Swarkestone the canal is quiet, even though it runs parallel with the railway line, but this has only occasional rail traffic. This area within the Trent valley is interesting group and views. some Stenson House, memorable which north lies to of the the lock, private is grounds set and back is within from the largely road. its Its former farm outbuildings have not been adapted into a pub (The Bubble visible Inn, pictured above) and semi It has a semi dominated by the Stenson Boatbuilders, which industrial are situated on buildings of rising land overlooking the cluster of buildings fronting the canal, where marina. The the lock and road meet, creates an Stenson Stenson is a colourful place, marina and boatyard used with by pleasure craft. a busy footbridge in 1816, and the Although now only a series bridge of deep pits and earthworks, a still large canal basin and wharf was survives, refurbished located to in the south of the the canal late towpath, just to 19 the “Boat Inn” west is now of largely hidden the by tall old hedgerows. pub.It is typical of The canal buildings; original a simple, brick informal public access from the towpath. The trees provide an buffer from important the sound of trains shelterbelt and help to confineand the views along the towpath. Here the southern side of the canal and towpath is defined by tall hawthorn hedgerows, although it was once more open, particularly around Potlocks Farm. Potlocks Farm (formerly “The Boat Inn”) was approached across the canal from a Where the railway runs to the immediate south of the canal to the east of Willington there is a narrow strip of land dominated by a series of with reed old beds, ponds, gravel and a linear pits, corridor of large trees, comprised areas of mainly of wetland species wetland, such as willow and alder, all valuable wildlife havens. Much of this area appears to have had Willington to Stenson Dale Farm, to the north of the canal on Findern Lane, is a purpose described as a “lodge” on the 1836 1” OS map and was built in courtyard its of present buildings, form, by with its 1880. It is a fine group of well section on Boundary Review). both pubs have attempted to soften their frontage through the plant pots. use of planters and large Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement Black Pool, a long canal of water that may have been a been have may that water of canal long a Pool, Black overlooking embankment, steep a has and up built was canal the where places few the of one is This river. the above elevated cliff, and river the between sandwiched Trent River the was canal the and point this at of cliff the under right runs course The outcrop. rock natural sandstone a Cliff, character Weston of foot the the at the runs canal as trees gradually by crowded and and greener much becomes views the curves restricting of series a traffic follow road canal The from dissipates. noise slowly of volume the as tranquillity of sense immediate an is there Bridge Cuttle from East road heavy for traffic. suitable bridge, stronger and wider a its with replaced was itself and Bridge Cuttle canal of most the bridges, Bridge of many Like Cuttle lost. largely is at of identity group original original developed the of remaining that little very now buildings is There canal. the of bank north the along stretching wharf importantan once Bridge, is Cuttle Lock Swarkestone eastof the To Lock Weston to Swarkestone Canal.Derby the on bridge canal first the towards views long are there former in the and here out activity, opens canal The Canal. to Derby of entrance the plenty at is particular there and craft moored are there lock, the as far as here, From severe. more much is and canal the of right walls the to runs buildings the of edge places the from in which to tarmac, surface black bound gravel unmade toll character an from changes the towpath to The adjacent cottage. building and wharf small the near situated is This canal. the on left cranes canalside of examples few surviving the of one has Bar Stop Swarkestone Swarkestone traffic. little relatively has but canal the overlooks road The south. its to line, railway the and north, its Lane), to as Sinfin (alsoLane known Deepdale between canalofis sandwiched the A section area. conservation the are outside they although towpath, the from prominent are They character. historic original their lost have but pub a into converted and extended accommodation been own have buildings its The demolished). of (now bridge private means by are were canal the canal Farm to the connected House overlooking once stand Barn, Arleston Ragley that formerly of buildings The east Stop. the Boat Ragley to The Just at moorings towpath. the from seen clearly

Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement

built house with -

canal, although there is no A large brick a largefarmbuildings, Grange, courtyard is a very prominent and attractive historic building Weston of viewed from The the skirt towpath. of leads its front down lawn to edge and the main part of the the waters house is framed in views from the canal.relationship of the canal The and this house seems physical to suggest some connection with the record of any connection. of record

Weston Grange

To the east of Weston Grange the views to the south and “bund”, a mound of whichsoil has been heaped to run parallel with the towpath east to hide the are hampered by a large extensive quarry workings and gravel pits from the canal. On the north side of the canal, This stretch of canal has a predominantly open and rural character. Immediately to the east of Weston Lock there are long views from the towpath across the fields and pasture to the south towards Kings Mills, prominent in landmark the distance. which together with the rock outcrop to its south is a bridge and waste weir. The track over the canal was an old little route group to of buildings Kings has Mills its own and quiet this identity removed from the main part of Weston upon Trent. Weston Lock to Shardlow Immediately beyond Weston Cliff the countryside opens out and there is less tree There cover. are long views from the prominent landmark. local canal and towpath north towards St. Mary’s Church, a At Weston Lock, there is a small group comprising lock keeper’s cottage, lock, lock gates, Leading from the pedestrian footbridge in the other direction towards the river the original footpath to the ferry crossing is overshadowed by trees and is now building indistinct. and The wharf boathouse evident on the early OS Bridge, which maps led to have the “horse also and foot disappeared ferry” across but the river, Horse still survives, altered form. albeit in an The narrow and deep sunken dirt track leading from the canal to Old Cliff the House character evokes of an ancient route, worn away by generations of packhorse and foot traffic. It leads to the Ukrainian Country Social Club. The original building been (Old enveloped Cliff in House) later has alterations and accretions, but there are places where historicits and character identity still visible. is original former channel of the river. The is now area dominated by woodland arching over the canal and clinging to the steep hillside above (see picture page at footof 25). Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement eainhp ih h cnl I i rcmedd ht hy e nldd ihn h canal the within included be they that recommended is area. conservation It canal. the with relationship brick are They canal. the of development the with association in built were they company canal the by leased or owned not were they although and an canal the form with They relationship cottages. important of terrace a with infilled and extended been have to appear 1880 by and 1816, by existence in were building detached a and canal the to closest building The focal important an are area. conservation the outside arecurrently They canal. that alongthe in views point cottages of group small a is Bridge Willington of west the To Willington Area Conservation the from exclusions and to extensions Proposed Review Boundary with planted River canal, water’sthe edge. tothe leaddown which shrubs, trees and naturalised the with of contrast by mouth soft the appear and riverbanks the Mouth and Derwent beyond Derwent at lock the between level in change steep ais There marina. private a and moorings many are there where canal the of side northern the along activity narrowboat of presence the by dominated is canal the of section last The Mouth Derwent to Shardlow Hicken’s at oppressive most and loudest its at crescendo, materials.sympathetic in in 1997 built A50, bridgecarryinga new the is which Bridge, a reaches A50 the Lane. of canal, noise Aston the road, crossing bridges the modern of from The place. number of out completely appears which bridge, access quarry metal low very a including footpath a are and there Shardlow bridleway and a here Between is there although access, road lock a has longer no and isolated quite is Lock Aston the of part This monuments. ancient activity. and occupation of early archaeologicalevidence with ispeppered valley Trent scheduled several and settlement ancient of areas across run west the to views long The canal. the along hedgerows of loss widespread been has there and uneventful and flat fairly is landform the as expansive are views the however, - built with Staffordshire blue clay tiled roofs and as a group they have an important an have they group a as and roofs tiled clay blue Staffordshire with built Long view to thewest viewto Long

- keeper’s cottage. There is no obvious no is There cottage. keeper’s

Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement

century.

west west of Potlocks Farm, and squeezed between the canal and -

drawn to exclude Bank House. to exclude drawn -

dating dating the railway. It is proposed that this area be included within the canal -

acknowledgement of the need to conserve accelerated the “cherished change local scene” in following the development should face be the prevented, but of rather that settlements should Second develop over time World in a way that War. reflects and strengthens It their special character. At was the Trent and not Mersey intended that buildings. Loss and Damage The concept of conservation areas was introduced by the Civic Amenities Act 1967, as an Old Cliff House The boundary of the conservation area includes a modern prefabricated building north side on of Old Cliff the House, where an old outbuilding once stood, but excludes a range of historic buildings that are attached to Old Cliff House. It is assumed that this boundary has been drawn in error and it is proposed that this be regularised to include the historic The northern boundary of the conservation area currently includes Bank House, a building of the 1930s, with a green glazed pantiled roof. It is not characteristic of local vernacular buildings and has no historic relationship with the conservation area. It is the boundary be re proposed that conservation conservation area for its historic interest and relationship with the industrial development of the canal. Stenson 1836. The rails can be seen on the 1880 building. Ordnance This was Survey an important development map of the as canal. Very little well is known as about this a wharfside area and its historic use. Although the tracks extensive, deep earthworks and associated with the wharf canal basin and building further earthworks in have the gone, there are garden of Potlocks Farm, which may be associated with an earlier form of canal basin and wharf pre To the immediate south railway track, is an area that was developed as a wharf in the first half of the 19 For a short period interchanges were created for the the transhipment of goods between rail railway and canal. A large network basin was created to the west and of the Boat Inn, following the creation of the railway line in canal network worked together and reached from either the towpath or the water and there are no connecting bridges. theconservationFor canal area. from they be removed that it is proposed these reasons, Potlocks Farm buildings. They currently fall within the conservation area is canal special because of its conservation historic use and area. its industrial development and However, the the buildings canal and historic immediate structures relationship associated or with were the linked industrial use. The conservation physically buildings at Dale Farm have by no area historic association with the canal bridges, and have or an indeed wharves they or have by no their physical relationship with the canal, as they cannot be seen or Dale Farm, Findern Lane There is no doubt that Dale Farm is an important group of well preserved historic Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement Many of the alterations undertaken to bridges along the length of the canal are of their time time their of are canal the of length the along bridges to undertaken alterations the of Many structures to historic repairs inappropriate and tobridges Alterations concrete modern using altered been materials. andunsympathetic blockwork, have Willington in Green The fronting Boundaries beingis maintained. createdand been has habitat wetland natural a and positively more treated being are spaces forgotten these places, other In hedgerows. been and plants have other choking Brambles are and unchecked maintained. grow to poorly allowed are and use economic an without immediate left canal and been railway the have roads, major the between across lying land of views slices thin long, the enabling where areas out, grubbed are There corridor. been wildlife a and cover valuable of loss to leading but fields, and landscape have hedgerow of of miles sections places, of In enclosed. planting formally be to beginning the was landscape the involved when time a at have meadows, would 1770s the and fields adjoining the and canal in the between enclosure stockproof a provide to hedgerow canal the of creation The hedgerows and boundaries of Loss Hicken’s near canal. ofthe character and A50, the atmosphere fromon the adamaging has effect Bridge, noise of the as wall such noise, Occasionally environment. slow with place tranquil and quiet a generally is canal The Noise setting. its and valley of place sense the removes asit mostdamagingthe is alteration bund the of creation the and valley, Trent the across south, the to views of loss The bund. long a by masked are pits gravel of views Bridge Hicken’s and Grange Weston between and the alongside distances long for stretch south that the To canal. sites large some the are over there immeasurably today increased and has years extraction of scale The canal. the with parallel run sites many and valley, Trent the within years many for on going been has extraction Gravel Setting same the avoid to and alterations damaging the future. inthe mistakes of some reverse to the authority and designers planning householders, help will these identifying that hoped is It character. this diluted have cumulatively or individually either that losses or alterations suffered has canal the where instances identify also can we area conservation the of character the defining In permission. forplanning by theneed achieved be so could farasthis development, harmful the of designation the predate area conservation below described changes undesirable the of some Canal,

- moving traffic and a relaxing relaxing a and traffic moving

in 1994. in - west of Willington there are expansive views over the deep gravel pits, gravel deep the over views expansive are there Willington of west

The designation was put in place as a safeguard against further against safeguard a as place in put was designation The

Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement centuries centuries

th keepers’ cottages have and early 20 -

th made made “rustic effect” bricks, introducing - century have been even less sensitive,

30 made made red brickwork and stone details. In many cases - made made bricks with machine -

repairs repairs were carried out in what was considered to be the best materials of the day. In

replacement with of slate concrete roofs tiles. In more recent years, under the stewardship of British Waterways, standards of repairs and maintenance have been greatly improved. Guided by a strong conservation ethic, carefully sourced materials and sympathetic adaptation are now control. the norm for structures in their treated robustly, but loss of original material should be considerable importance to the of the conservationcharacter area. kept to the minimum, as it is of In several instances the original canal buildings, cottages had and lock unsympathetic alterations, such as the introduction of uPVC windows and the However, as a general rule this pragmatic and engineered approach to the historic bridges has meant the loss of original hand modern repairs carried out substituting smooth hand during the 20 new brick bonds, and replacing stone copings with brick copings or concrete cappings. It is important to remember that the bridges are engineered structures and so they should be - many cases blue engineering bricks were used during the late 19 for repairs, as these were hard and durable. These are occasionally of historic interest. A B Willington C Conservation Area boundary

Open spaces

Principal views

Architectural landmarks & focal points

Listed Locks

Listed Mileposts

Important Mileposts

Listed Bridges

Important Bridges

Listed buildings

Other buildings which contribute positively to the special architectural or historic character E

Scheduled Monuments

Areas of high archaeological potential D F

B (1km) (2km) (3km) 0 500 1000 2000 3000 This map is reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Survey Survey Stationery with the permission copyright. on behalf of the Controller of Ordnance material Ordnance O ce from Crown map is reproduced This LA 100019461.2014 District South Derbyshire Council. or civil proceedings. prosecution lead to and may copyright infringesUnauthorised Crown reproduction metres

D E Stenson F

Trent and Mersey Canal Conservation Area Part 1 Designated : 19th May 1994 This map is reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery O ce Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. South Derbyshire District Council. LA 100019461.2014 G Swarkestone Lock focal points Architectural and landmarks Principal views Open spaces AreaConservation boundary G H 0 Important Bridges Important Listed Bridges Mileposts Important Listed Mileposts Listed Locks 500 H 1000 (1km) I metres Areas ofhigharchaeological potential Monuments Scheduled the specialarchitectural orhistoric character buildingswhichcontribute positivelyOther to Listed Buildings 2000 (2km) J I 3000 (3km) K J Weston Lock Shardlow Area Conservation Conservation AreaConservation Part 2 Trent Canal andMersey Designated :19thMay 1994 K Appendix

Distinctive Architectural Details

TRENT AND MERSEY CANAL Checklist of details

The details in this appendix illustrate those building elements that help to define the Trent and Mersey Canal’s particular character. These may be common everyday vernacular details found repeatedly throughout the conservation area or may be more exceptional, consciously designed features.

This appendix may prove useful in providing inspiration for new development, whether traditional or contemporary, if used with care. Paradoxically, the outstanding architectural details of a conservation area may not be the ones that are most typical of the area. They often belong to the important key buildings of a village and may look out of place on smaller buildings in subordinate locations. The majority of buildings in the conservation areas of South Derbyshire are plainly and simply detailed.

Bridges • Canal bridges in hand-made English bond brickwork and variants with segmental brick arch and shaped ashlar copings • Canal bridges in coursed stone with segmental stone arch and stone band • Railway bridges of iron in box girder construction with massive gritstone masonry piers and abutments • Pedestrian footbridges with cast iron and timber rails / lattice construction

Ephemera and Street Furniture • Cast iron and cast iron bobbin mileposts • Hand operated wharf crane • Wall mounted letter box

Roof types and details • Pitched roofs with plain close verges • Raised coped gables finished with stone copings, or very occasionally brick • Hipped roofs of graduated Westmoreland slate with mitred joints • Hipped Welsh slate roofs with blue tiled ridges and hips • Hipped roofs of hand-made red clay tiles

Chimney stacks and pots • Brick chimneys with red or blue brick oversailing courses • Brick stacks with moulded brick corners

Walls • Corbelled eaves, with “sawtooth” or dentilled brickwork • Raised horizontal brick bands • Blind, recessed panels within brickwork • Limewashed brickwork (often stripped or over-painted in modern masonry paints)

Windows • Small-paned vertically sliding sash windows • Multi-paned side-hinged timber casements, within chamfered moulded frames

Lintels and cills • Segmental brick arched windows, often from a single course of header bricks • Stone wedge lintels • Gauged brick lintels • Brickwork without cills BRIDGES

The original canal bridges along the canal were largely built of brick. Sarson’s Bridge is the only surviving stone bridge, probably built by a private individual who wanted to mark his land with a distinct bridge, but there is evidence that a few others were originally built in stone.

Above - Bridge No. 1 (Porter’s Bridge); brick with segmental brick arch and bull-nosed stone copings. This is the main type of C18 bridge on the Trent and Mersey Canal, with curved battered walls, finished in plain, square piers.

Left - segmental brick arch with rounded moulded bricks to the soffit at Bridge No. 25, incorporating a numbered cast iron plaque.

Second left - brick parapet with chamfered and rounded stone copings (Bridge No. 17, Deep Dale Bridge).

Below - coursed sandstone bridge with segmental arch, raised stone band and 1770 datestone (Sarson’s Bridge - No. 11).

Bottom left - detail of Fine George’s Bridge, No. 9. The lowest courses of sandstone indicate that this may have been intended initially as a stone bridge. The original brick bridges of the canal have been adapted over the years and the details of the alterations and repairs vary.

First left - plain red brick rebuilding in English bond brickwork at Weston Cow Pasture Bridge (No. 7).

Second left - reconstructed bridge (No. 21) incorporating a deep segmental arch and blue and Fletton bricks, laid in English bond, with original copings, re-seated.

Third left - the whole of the arch has been removed at Massey’s Bridge (No. 12), and the deck replaced with a concrete deck and timber and metal rails and posts. The original brick outer abutments survive.

Bottom left and detail below - Bridge No. 16, Barrow Bridge, rebuilt in 1944 in blue engineering bricks to the same pattern as the original bridge. The whole of the original bridge at No. 24 at Willington (left) was replaced with this concrete bridge in the 1930s.

View of the bridge at Swarkestone Lock (Bridge No. 14) from the side of the lock (below) - the complex arrangement of bridge, separate pedestrian footbridge and lock creates an interesting group.

Below - tapered brick parapet walls in hand-made red brick with chamfered stone copings at Bridge No. 6 (Aston Lock).

Bottom left and detail, bottom right - pedestrian footbridge over the canal (Bridge No. 22) near Potlocks Farm - a lattice bridge of narrow I-section construction with iron posts, handrail and slim wrought iron rods. This unusual bridge incorporates sections of railway track in its framework. Above left and right - pedestrian footbridges over the canal. Bridge No. 10 at Cliff Wood (left) was always a narrow footbridge, which also catered for packhorse traffic approaching the river crossing. The iron posts and rails are 20th century and may have replaced a timber fence. The footbridge at Weston Lock (right) has a cast metal deck and is a pattern repeated at the locks.

Left - cast-iron road bridge over the canal, carrying Buckford Lane.

Below - railway bridges over the canal. Left; bridge near Stenson Junction incorporates giant stone piers with rusticated stone bases and cornices and riveted iron plate box-girder construction. Right; smaller scale bridge of similar construction at Weston Lock, with handrail to parapet. ROOF TYPES AND DETAILS

Left - hipped tiled roofs, with bonnet tiles cloaking the hips, at Weston Grange. Hand-made red clay tiles were used in this area before the arrival of the canal, but the exact origins of this house are slightly obscure.

Above left - hipped graduated Westmoreland Above right - hipped graduated slate roof with lead flashings (probably covering Westmoreland slate roof with mitred hips failed mitred hips) at Lock House, at Swarkestone Stop. Swarkestone.

Below - plain close verge and Staffordshire blue clay tiles (Swarkestone Boat Club).

Above - hipped Welsh slate roof with overhanging eaves and tiled hips (Lock House, Stenson Lock). CHIMNEY STACKS AND POTS

Left - brick stack with rounded moulded corners (Stenson Lock - Harpur Crewe estate). Blue brick oversailing courses (above) at Swarkestone Stop. WALLS

Canal buildings are generally quite plain, with little embellishment. There are few exceptions. The lengthman’s house, Highbridge House (above left) incorporates horizontal raised brick bands, now painted. Old Cliff House (above right), which predates the canal and is technically unassociated, incorporates a horizontal raised brick band and diapers in blue bricks.

Above left - horizontal stone bands and tooled, raised stone quoins at The Rising Sun, Willington, built after the railway opened in Willington. Above right - brick quoins and large blocks of roughly coursed rubble sandstone at The Bubble Inn, Stenson. Left - blind window at Swarkestone Stop. The recessed panel of brickwork, is part of the original symmetrical design. The canted end wall, with blind windows and symmetrical form is similar to the tollhouses that were built on turnpike roads.

Above - dentilled corbelled brick eaves, with evidence of limewash at the stone corner (The Lock House, Swarkestone). Below left and right - dentilled and corbelled brick eaves. There is also evidence of limewash at high level at 7 The Green, Willington (below left), which may indicate that this was a common finish for brickwork along this section of the Trent and Mersey Canal. WINDOWS

Right - small-paned, side-hinged, casements set recessed within chamfered frames at Potlocks Farm, near Willington.

Below - “Yorkshire” horizontally sliding multi-paned sash at Old Cliff House, Weston Cliff.

Left and below - vertically sliding sash windows at The Green Man Inn, Willington.

CILLS Many of the smaller cottages had no cill and relied on the natural weathering properties of brickwork (above).

Many of the buildings that incorporate stone lintels also have stone cills (left and below). LINTELS

Where economy was important, lintels were often simple and utilitarian in form. A segmental arch formed in brickwork was adopted at Lock House, Swarkestone (above), No. 7 The Green, Willington (left) and The Green Man Inn (top left).

Left and below - more formal gauged brick lintels at High Bridge House and The Lock House, Weston Lock. Rubbed bricks were sandwiched together using lime putty; the result was a precise, thinly-jointed wedge- shaped lintel. In both cases the bricks have been painted.

Left - C19 stone wedge lintels at 13-19 The Green, Willington. The fashion for wedge- shaped stone lintels in the first half of the C19 was fairly short-lived.