DOCSLIB.ORG

Wetting Kinetics in Forced Spreading

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Wetting Kinetics in Forced Spreading Scholars' Mine Doctoral Dissertations Student Theses and Dissertations 2016 Wetting kinetics in forced spreading Amer Mohammad Al-Shareef Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/doctoral_dissertations Part of the Petroleum Engineering Commons Department: Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Recommended Citation Al-Shareef, Amer Mohammad, "Wetting kinetics in forced spreading" (2016). Doctoral Dissertations. 2612. https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/doctoral_dissertations/2612 This thesis is brought to you by Scholars' Mine, a service of the Missouri S&T Library and Learning Resources. This work is protected by U. S. Copyright Law. Unauthorized use including reproduction for redistribution requires the permission of the copyright holder. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WETTING KINETICS IN FORCED SPREADING by AMER MOHAMMAD AL-SHAREEF A DISSERTATION Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the MISSOURI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2015 Approved by Parthasakha Neogi, Advisor Muthanna H. Al-Dahhan Baojun Bai Gearoid Mac Sithigh Joontaek Park 2016 Amer Mohammad Al-Shareef All Rights Reserved iii PUBLICATION DISSERTATION OPTION This dissertation has been prepared according to the format and style used by Missouri University of Science and Technology. It consists of the following articles that have been submitted for publication as following: Pages 18 to 37 “Force based dynamic contact angles and wetting kinetics on a Wilhelmy plate“. It has been accepted and published in Chemical Engineering Science Journal. Pages 38 to 74 “Wetting kinetics of polymer solution and force based contact angles“. It is under journal review. Pages 75 to 107 “Dynamic contact angles in liquid-liquid-solid system“. It is under journal review. Pages 108 to 135 “Dynamic contact angles in oil–aqueous polymer solutions”. It will be submitted for journal review. iv ABSTRACT Under dynamic conditions, the dynamic contact angle (the angle that the liquid makes with the solid) of a liquid on a solid surface varies dramatically with substrate velocity from its equilibrium value. Experimental data of the dynamic contact angles for polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS or silicone oil) under air on a glass substrate coated with teflon, for water under PDMS, for solutions of the polymer polyethylene oxide (PEO) under air, for solutions of PEO under PDMS, were obtained to simulate and understand the systems of brine or brine containing a polymer displacing viscous crude. A variety of solid substrates were used other than above to displace oil with the object that the equilibrium contact angles ~ 90º. The method used was that of a plate immersed or withdrawn from a pool of liquid, and the machine (Cahn-Thermo) calculates for us the dynamic advancing and receding contact angles. The dynamic contact angles determine the basic driving forces such as capillary pressures. The data were correlated with a number of available models. In most cases, the models were developed further to fit the requirements of various cases. In general, it is necessary for the model to include fluid flow, interfacial phenomena, and rheology. Photography was used to verify cases of entrainment and instability. One object of the present work was to determine the contribution of the non-Newtonian nature of the PEO solution. For the PEO solution under oil (PDMS) no obvious signs are observed although solutions at high polymer concentrations, that is, high elasticity, show some anomalous effects. However, it is not possible to conclude that shear thinning effects will be absent in all cases since a criterion is established here that shows under what condition the above may not hold. v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First of all, I would like to express my sincere gratitude and deep appreciation to my adviser Professor Dr. Parthasakha Neogi for his guidance and encouragement. Over the years of my research, he has been so enthused, dedicated, patient and understanding as distinguished professor. I am so excited to work with him, and this work would not have been possible without him. Also I would like to extend my appreciation to the Professors that served on my dissertation committee : Dr. Muthanna Al-Dahhan, Dr. Baojun Bai, Dr. Gearoid Mac- Sithigh, and Dr. Joontaek Park, for their advice and fruitful discussion. I would like to thank the faculty and staff in chemical and biochemical engineering department at Missouri University of Science and Technology for their assistance, contribution to my research, and I would like to say my experience at Missouri S&T has been simply great. I am thankful to Elmergib University, the Higher Education Ministry in Libya and Canadian Bureau for International Education (CBIE) for their support through the Libyan- North American Scholarship Program (LNASP). In the end, I could not express my deepest gratitude to my parents, Salma and in memory of Mohammad, and my beloved wife, Haifa, for their unconditional support, understanding, love, and encouragement. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Page PUBLICATION DISSERTATION OPTION ................................................................... iii ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................. v LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS .............................................................................................. x LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................... xiv NOMENCLATURE ......................................................................................................... xv SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION…………………………..……………………………………….1 1.1. EQUILIBRIUM CONTACT ANGLE ……………………….........................1 1.2. CONTACT ANGLE HYSTERESIS…………................................................2 1.2.1. Tilting Surface Method…………………………………………..……..2 1.2.2. Increased and Reduced Volume Method………………………...……..3 1.3. SURFACE TENSION FORCES ……….........................................................4 1.4. PRECURSOR FILM ………….......................................................................5 1.5. DYNAMIC CONTACT ANGLES .………....................................................6 1.5.1. Non-Equilibrium Contact Angles……………………………….…….6 1.5.2. Wilhelmy Plate Method………………………………………….…….6 1.5.3. Advancing and Receding Dynamic Contact Angles……………….…..9 1.6. ENTRAINMENT.………..............................................................................10 1.7. HYDRODYNAMIC THEORY (HD)............................................................10 vii 1.8. APPLICATIONS IN ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY..................................11 1.8.1. Macroscale Oil Displacement……….……….…………........………..12 1.8.2. Microscale Oil Displacement………………….…………….…….…..14 1.9. PRESENT STUDY……….............................................................................16 PAPER I. FORCE BASED DYNAMIC CONTACT ANGLES AND WETTING KINETICS ON A WILHELMY PLATE..........................................................18 ABSTRACT ……………..........................................................................18 NOMENCLATURE…..............................................................................20 1. INTRODUCTION……………..………………….……………….….21 2. EXPERIMENTAL…………………..……….……….………….…...27 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION …………………………….…….….29 4. CONCLUSION.. …………………………...…………….………..….35 REFERENCES …………………….…..…………………………...….36 II. WETTING KINETICS OF POLYMER SOLUTIONS AND FORCE BASED CONTACT ANGLES..........................................................38 ABSTRACT …………..............................................................................38 NOMENCLATURE…..............................................................................40 1. INTRODUCTION…………………………………..…………….….42 2. MODELS…………………….……………………………………….47 2.1. NEWTONIAN LIQUIDS......................................................47 2.2. POWER LAW LIQUIDS......................................................49 2.3. ELLIS MODEL….…..…………………..............................50 viii 2.4. VISCOELASTIC BEHAVIOR OF FLUIDS…………........51 3. EXPERIMENTAL ……………………………..………...……….….55 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ……………………..….………..….58 5. CONCLUSION.. ……………..….…….…..…………….……….…..65 APPENDIX …………..………………………….…....…………....…..66 REFERENCES ……………...…………………….…….…..……...….73 III. DYNAMIC CONTACT ANGLES IN LIQUID-LIQUID-SOLID SYSTEMS……………………………………………………………….…75 ABSTRACT ………….............................................................................75 NOMENCLATURE…..............................................................................76 1. INTRODUCTION……………………………………………..….….78 2. MODELS……………………………..………………...…………….85 3. EXPERIMENTAL ………………………………………………..….88 3.1. DIP COATING OF COVER GLASS WITH PVC.................88 3.2. EQUILIBRIUM ADVANCING AND RECEDING CONTACT ANGLE - MEASUREMENTS ..........................90 3.3. INTERFACIAL TENSION MEASUREMENT OF PDMS/WATER SYSTEM………………………………….91 3.4. CAHN-THERMO TECHNIQUE……………………...........91 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ……………………..…………...….93 5. CONCLUSION..……………….….....………………………….…..105 REFERENCES ………………………………..…..……………...….106 IV. DYNAMIC CONTACT ANGLES IN OIL-POLYMER SOLUTIONS.....108 ABSTRACT …………............................................................................108 1. INTRODUCTION……………………………...……………….…...109
Load more

Recommended publications
  • An Introduction to Inhomogeneous Liquids, Density Functional Theory, and the Wetting Transition Adam P
    An introduction to inhomogeneous liquids, density functional theory, and the wetting transition Adam P. Hughes, Uwe Thiele, and Andrew J. Archer Citation: American Journal of Physics 82, 1119 (2014); doi: 10.1119/1.4890823 View online: http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.4890823 View Table of Contents: http://scitation.aip.org/content/aapt/journal/ajp/82/12?ver=pdfcov Published by the American Association of Physics Teachers Articles you may be interested in Density functional theory of inhomogeneous liquids. II. A fundamental measure approach J. Chem. Phys. 128, 184711 (2008); 10.1063/1.2916694 Mean-field density-functional model of a second-order wetting transition J. Chem. Phys. 128, 114716 (2008); 10.1063/1.2895748 Surface phase transitions in athermal mixtures of hard rods and excluded volume polymers investigated using a density functional approach J. Chem. Phys. 125, 204709 (2006); 10.1063/1.2400033 Homogeneous nucleation at high supersaturation and heterogeneous nucleation on microscopic wettable particles: A hybrid thermodynamic∕density-functional theory J. Chem. Phys. 125, 144515 (2006); 10.1063/1.2357937 Perfect wetting along a three-phase line: Theory and molecular dynamics simulations J. Chem. Phys. 124, 244505 (2006); 10.1063/1.2206772 This article is copyrighted as indicated in the article. Reuse of AAPT content is subject to the terms at: http://scitation.aip.org/termsconditions. Downloaded to IP: 128.176.202.20 On: Wed, 03 Dec 2014 08:24:19 An introduction to inhomogeneous liquids, density functional theory, and the wetting transition Adam P. Hughes Department of Mathematical Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom Uwe Thiele Department of Mathematical Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom and Institut fur€ Theoretische Physik, Westfalische€ Wilhelms-Universitat€ Munster,€ Wilhelm Klemm Str.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Temperature on Wetting Angle
    San Jose State University SJSU ScholarWorks Faculty Publications, Biomedical, Chemical, and Biomedical, Chemical and Materials Materials Engineering Engineering 7-1-1997 Effect of Temperature on Wetting Angle Guna S. Selvaduray San Jose State University, [email protected] R. Brindos San Jose State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/chem_mat_eng_pub Part of the Chemical Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Guna S. Selvaduray and R. Brindos. "Effect of Temperature on Wetting Angle" National Educators' Workshop: Update 96 - Standard Experiments in Engineering Materials Science and Technology, NASA Publication 3354 (1997): 137-151. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Biomedical, Chemical and Materials Engineering at SJSU ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications, Biomedical, Chemical, and Materials Engineering by an authorized administrator of SJSU ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NASA Conference Publication 3354 National Educators' Workshop: Update 96 Standard Experiments.in Engineering Materials Science and Technology Compiled by James E. Gardner and Ginger L. Freeman Langle~; Research Center • Hampton, Virginia James A. Jacobs Norfolk State University • Norfolk, Virginia Don M. Parkin Los Alamos National Laboratory • Los Alamos, New Mexico Proceedings of a workshop sponsored jointly by the United States Department of Energy, Los Alamos, New Mexico, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration,
    [Show full text]
  • Wetting−Dewetting Transition Line in Thin Polymer Films K
    Subscriber access provided by NATL INST STANDARDS & TECH Research Article Wetting−Dewetting Transition Line in Thin Polymer Films K. M. Ashley, D. Raghavan, J. F. Douglas, and A. Karim Langmuir, 2005, 21 (21), 9518-9523• DOI: 10.1021/la050482y • Publication Date (Web): 09 September 2005 Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on February 10, 2009 More About This Article Additional resources and features associated with this article are available within the HTML version: • Supporting Information • Links to the 9 articles that cite this article, as of the time of this article download • Access to high resolution figures • Links to articles and content related to this article • Copyright permission to reproduce figures and/or text from this article Langmuir is published by the American Chemical Society. 1155 Sixteenth Street N.W., Washington, DC 20036 9518 Langmuir 2005, 21, 9518-9523 Wetting-Dewetting Transition Line in Thin Polymer Films K. M. Ashley,† D. Raghavan,*,† J. F. Douglas,*,‡ and A. Karim*,‡ Polymer Program, Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, and Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899 Received February 23, 2005. In Final Form: June 14, 2005 Thin polymeric films are increasingly being utilized in diverse technological applications, and it is crucial to have a reliable method to characterize the stability of these films against dewetting. The parameter space that influences the dewetting of thin polymer films is wide (molecular mass, temperature, film thickness, substrate interaction) and a combinatorial method of investigation is suitable. We thus construct a combinatorial library of observations for polystyrene (PS) films cast on substrates having orthogonal temperature and surface energy gradients and perform a series of measurements for a range of molecular masses (1800 g/mol < M < 35 000 g/mol) and film thicknesses h (30 nm < h < 40 nm) to explore these primary parameter axes.
    [Show full text]
  • Multidisciplinary Design Project Engineering Dictionary Version 0.0.2
    Multidisciplinary Design Project Engineering Dictionary Version 0.0.2 February 15, 2006 . DRAFT Cambridge-MIT Institute Multidisciplinary Design Project This Dictionary/Glossary of Engineering terms has been compiled to compliment the work developed as part of the Multi-disciplinary Design Project (MDP), which is a programme to develop teaching material and kits to aid the running of mechtronics projects in Universities and Schools. The project is being carried out with support from the Cambridge-MIT Institute undergraduate teaching programe. For more information about the project please visit the MDP website at http://www-mdp.eng.cam.ac.uk or contact Dr. Peter Long Prof. Alex Slocum Cambridge University Engineering Department Massachusetts Institute of Technology Trumpington Street, 77 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge. Cambridge MA 02139-4307 CB2 1PZ. USA e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] tel: +44 (0) 1223 332779 tel: +1 617 253 0012 For information about the CMI initiative please see Cambridge-MIT Institute website :- http://www.cambridge-mit.org CMI CMI, University of Cambridge Massachusetts Institute of Technology 10 Miller’s Yard, 77 Massachusetts Ave. Mill Lane, Cambridge MA 02139-4307 Cambridge. CB2 1RQ. USA tel: +44 (0) 1223 327207 tel. +1 617 253 7732 fax: +44 (0) 1223 765891 fax. +1 617 258 8539 . DRAFT 2 CMI-MDP Programme 1 Introduction This dictionary/glossary has not been developed as a definative work but as a useful reference book for engi- neering students to search when looking for the meaning of a word/phrase. It has been compiled from a number of existing glossaries together with a number of local additions.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of Testing Protocols For
    DEVELOPMENT OF TESTING PROTOCOLS FOR DIRECT MEASUREMENTS OF CONTACT ANGLES ON AGGREGATE AND ASPHALT BINDER SURFACES USING A SESSILE DROP DEVICE By MURAT KOC Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering Bogazici University Istanbul, Turkey 2010 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE May, 2013 DEVELOPMENT OF TESTING PROTOCOLS FOR DIRECT MEASUREMENTS OF CONTACT ANGLES ON AGGREGATE AND ASPHALT BINDER SURFACES USING A SESSILE DROP DEVICE Thesis Approved: Dr. Rifat Bulut Thesis Adviser Dr. Stephen A. Cross Dr. Gregory G. Wilber ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like express my most sincere gratitude to my advisor Prof. Rifat Bulut, for his enthusiasm, his encouragement, and his endless support in my graduate education and research studies. His wisdom and guidance helped me to finish my M.S. degree. I would like to thank all of my family members for their love and support in every field of my life. I am also indebted to my committee members, Prof. Stephen A. Cross and Prof. Gregory G. Wilber. I owe most of my knowledge about this thesis subject to their lectures and tutoring. I would like to thank to Prof. James Puckette from Geology Department at Oklahoma State University for letting me use his lab facilities. My lab friends Aditya Rayudu and Anjana Thoroppady Kittu helped me in many steps of the laboratorial work. I appreciate their help and wish them good luck in their graduate educations. Last but not the least; I want to thank the Oklahoma Transportation Center for their financial support in this project.
    [Show full text]
  • Dynamics of Wetting: from Inertial Spreading to Viscous Imbibition
    IOP PUBLISHING JOURNAL OF PHYSICS: CONDENSED MATTER J. Phys.: Condens. Matte 21 !"##$% &'&(") !(*++% do,:(#.(#--.#$/*0-$-&."(.&'.&'&(") Dynamics of wetting: from inertial spreading to viscous imbibition L Courbin(,", J C Bird(, M Reyssat( and ! "tone(,* ( S1hoo2 o3 En4,nee ,n4 and A++2,ed S1,en1es5 Ha 6a d Un,6e s,ty5 Ca78 ,d4e5 MA #"(*-5 USA " IPR5 UMR CNRS '"/(5 Ca7+9s Bea92,e95 Un,6e s,t:eRennes (5 */#&" Rennes5 F an1e E-7a,2: hastone;+ ,n1eton.ed9 Recei6ed "# Ap ,2 "##$5 in <nal fo 7 $ J9ly "##$ P982,shed "$ Octo8e "##$ On2,ne at sta1=s.,o+.o 4.JPhysCM."(.&'&(") !bstract >e e+o t the ,n?9en1e o3 the nat9 e o3 8o9nda ,es on the dyna7,1s o3 @ett,n4. >e e6,e@ so7e @o = e1ently +982,shed and h,4h2,4ht ne@ eApe ,7ental obser6ations. O9 paper 8e4ins @,th the s+ ead,n4 o3 d o+s on s98st ates and de7onst ates ho@ the eA+onents o3 the s+ ead,n4 2a@s a e a33e1ted e,the 8y the s9 3a1e 1he7,st y o 8y the d o+2et sha+e. >e then d,s19ss the ,78,8,t,on o3 1o7+2ete2y and +a t,a22y @ett,n4 ?9,ds ,nto 1hanne2s and o6e 7,1 oteAt9 ed s9 3a1es. Start,ng with the one0di7ens,ona2 ,78,8,t,on o3 1o7+2ete2y @ett,n4 2,B9,ds ,n t98es and s9 3a1e teAt9 es5 we sho@ that !,% sha+e 6a ,at,ons o3 1hanne2s 1han4e the +owe 02a@ es+onse o3 the ,78,8,t,on and !,,% the 4eo7et ,1a2 +a a7ete s o3 a s9 3a1e o94hness 1han4e the s+ ead,n4 8eha6,o .
    [Show full text]
  • Wetting and Spreading
    REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS, VOLUME 81, APRIL–JUNE 2009 Wetting and spreading Daniel Bonn Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France and van der Waals-Zeeman Institute, University of Amsterdam, Valckenierstraat 65, 1018 XE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Jens Eggers School of Mathematics, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TW, United Kingdom Joseph Indekeu Instituut voor Theoretische Fysica, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium Jacques Meunier and Etienne Rolley Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France ͑Published 27 May 2009͒ Wetting phenomena are ubiquitous in nature and technology. A solid substrate exposed to the environment is almost invariably covered by a layer of fluid material. In this review, the surface forces that lead to wetting are considered, and the equilibrium surface coverage of a substrate in contact with a drop of liquid. Depending on the nature of the surface forces involved, different scenarios for wetting phase transitions are possible; recent progress allows us to relate the critical exponents directly to the nature of the surface forces which lead to the different wetting scenarios. Thermal fluctuation effects, which can be greatly enhanced for wetting of geometrically or chemically structured substrates, and are much stronger in colloidal suspensions, modify the adsorption singularities. Macroscopic descriptions and microscopic theories have been developed to understand and predict wetting behavior relevant to microfluidics and nanofluidics applications. Then the dynamics of wetting is examined. A drop, placed on a substrate which it wets, spreads out to form a film. Conversely, a nonwetted substrate previously covered by a film dewets upon an appropriate change of system parameters.
    [Show full text]
  • Contact Angle Vs Dyne
    A practical means to measure surface treatment levels of PE Film using PGX+, a new portable contact angle instrument. Contact angle measurements The PGX + uses a liquid droplet (e.g. water) applied to the surface of the substrate in order to determine properties specific to the surface layer of the material. This is commonly referred to as a contact angle measurement using “the sessile drop method”. The contact angle is measured as the inward angle between the base and the tangent at the point of contact between the liquid and the surface. This value corresponds to the surface energy level in the equilibrium system formed between the liquid and the solid on the condition the surface is smooth, non-porous, non-sorptive, and homogeneous. Furthermore the liquid must not react chemically with the substrate. The relationship between a static contact angle and the surface energy forces was defined by Young [1] from the interfacial tensions: γSV = γSL + γLV cos θ; γ LV where γSV = solid-vapour interaction γSL =solid-liquid interaction γLV = liquid-vapour interaction θ ”Wetting” is obtained if contact angle is ≤ 90° γ SV γ SL Static contact angles A static contact angle occurs where the water droplet reaches an A “flying saucer”? “equilibrium” condition and the dimensions of the liquid droplet would not change over time. This situation will normally occur for a non- θ < 9 absorbent substrate (e.g. liquid container board, release papers). This 0° condition would also occur when a water droplet is applied to a copy paper because of its “hydrophobicity” (water repellence).
    [Show full text]
  • Glossary of Terms — Page 1 Air Gap: See Backflow Prevention Device
    Glossary of Irrigation Terms Version 7/1/17 Edited by Eugene W. Rochester, CID Certification Consultant This document is in continuing development. You are encouraged to submit definitions along with their source to [email protected]. The terms in this glossary are presented in an effort to provide a foundation for common understanding in communications covering irrigation. The following provides additional information: • Items located within brackets, [ ], indicate the IA-preferred abbreviation or acronym for the term specified. • Items located within braces, { }, indicate quantitative IA-preferred units for the term specified. • General definitions of terms not used in mathematical equations are not flagged in any way. • Three dots (…) at the end of a definition indicate that the definition has been truncated. • Terms with strike-through are non-preferred usage. • References are provided for the convenience of the reader and do not infer original reference. Additional soil science terms may be found at www.soils.org/publications/soils-glossary#. A AC {hertz}: Abbreviation for alternating current. AC pipe: Asbestos-cement pipe was commonly used for buried pipelines. It combines strength with light weight and is immune to rust and corrosion. (James, 1988) (No longer made.) acceleration of gravity. See gravity (acceleration due to). acid precipitation: Atmospheric precipitation that is below pH 7 and is often composed of the hydrolyzed by-products from oxidized halogen, nitrogen, and sulfur substances. (Glossary of Soil Science Terms, 2013) acid soil: Soil with a pH value less than 7.0. (Glossary of Soil Science Terms, 2013) adhesion: Forces of attraction between unlike molecules, e.g. water and solid.
    [Show full text]
  • Dynamic Viscosity, Surface Tension and Wetting Behavior Studies of Paraffin–In–Water † Nano–Emulsions
    energies Article Dynamic Viscosity, Surface Tension and Wetting Behavior Studies of Paraffin–in–Water y Nano–Emulsions David Cabaleiro 1,2,3,* , Samah Hamze 1, Filippo Agresti 4 , Patrice Estellé 1,* , Simona Barison 4, Laura Fedele 2 and Sergio Bobbo 2 1 Université Rennes 1, LGCGM, EA3913, F-35704 Rennes, France 2 Institute of Construction Technologies, National Research Council, I–35127 Padova, Italy 3 Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidade de Vigo, E–36310 Vigo, Spain 4 Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy, National Research Council, I–35127 Padova, Italy * Correspondence: [email protected] (D.C.); [email protected] (P.E.); Tel.: +33-(0)23234200 (P.E.) This article is an extended version of our paper published in 1st International Conference on Nanofluids y (ICNf) and 2nd European Symposium on Nanofluids (ESNf), Castellón, Spain, 26–28 June 2019; pp. 118–121. Received: 23 July 2019; Accepted: 24 August 2019; Published: 29 August 2019 Abstract: This work analyzes the dynamic viscosity, surface tension and wetting behavior of phase change material nano–emulsions (PCMEs) formulated at dispersed phase concentrations of 2, 4 and 10 wt.%. Paraffin–in–water samples were produced using a solvent–assisted route, starting from RT21HC technical grade paraffin with a nominal melting point at ~293–294 K. In order to evaluate the possible effect of paraffinic nucleating agents on those three properties, a nano–emulsion with 3.6% of RT21HC and 0.4% of RT55 (a paraffin wax with melting temperature at ~328 K) was also investigated. Dynamic viscosity strongly rose with increasing dispersed phase concentration, showing a maximum increase of 151% for the sample containing 10 wt.% of paraffin at 278 K.
    [Show full text]
  • A Technology Overview and Applications of Bio-MEMS
    INSTITUTE OF SMART STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS (ISSS) JOURNAL OF ISSS J. ISSS Vol. 3 No. 2, pp. 39-59, Sept. 2014. REVIEW ARTICLE A Technology Overview and Applications of Bio-MEMS Nidhi Maheshwari+, Gaurav Chatterjee+, V. Ramgopal Rao. Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India-400076. Corresponding Author: [email protected] + Both the authors have contributed equally. Keywords: Abstract Bio-MEMS, immobilization, Miniaturization of conventional technologies has long cantilever, micro-fabrication, been understood to have many benefits, like: lower cost of biosensor. production, lower form factor leading to portable applications, and lower power consumption. Micro/Nano fabrication has seen tremendous research and commercial activity in the past few decades buoyed by the silicon revolution. As an offset of the same fabrication platform, the Micro-electro-mechanical- systems (MEMS) technology was conceived to fabricate complex mechanical structures on a micro level. MEMS technology has generated considerable research interest recently, and has even led to some commercially successful applications. Almost every smart phone is now equipped with a MEMS accelerometer-gyroscope system. MEMS technology is now being used for realizing devices having biomedical applications. Such devices can be placed under a subset of MEMS called the Bio-MEMS (Biological MEMS). In this paper, a brief introduction to the Bio-MEMS technology and the current state of art applications is discussed. 1. Introduction Generally, the Bio-MEMS can be defined as any The interdisciplinary nature of the Bio-MEMS research is system or device, which is fabricated using the highlighted in Figure 2. This highlights the overlapping of micro-nano fabrication technology, and used many different scientific disciplines, and the need for a healthy for biomedical applications such as diagnostics, collaborative effort.
    [Show full text]
  • Wetting Assessment Using the Dispensed Drop Method in the Field of Hot-Dip Galvanizing Marie-Laurence Giorgi, Alexey Koltsov
    Wetting assessment using the dispensed drop method in the field of hot-dip galvanizing Marie-Laurence Giorgi, Alexey Koltsov To cite this version: Marie-Laurence Giorgi, Alexey Koltsov. Wetting assessment using the dispensed drop method in the field of hot-dip galvanizing. Galvatech 2017, Nov 2017, Tokyo, Japan. hal-01810788 HAL Id: hal-01810788 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01810788 Submitted on 8 Jun 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. WETTING ASSESSMENT USING THE DISPENSED DROP METHOD IN THE FIELD OF HOT-DIP GALVANIZING Marie-Laurence Giorgi 1, Alexey Koltsov 2 1 CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux (LGPM), 3 rue Joliot-Curie, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France 2 ArcelorMittal Global R&D - Maizières Process Research Centre, Voie Romaine, 57283 Maizières-lès-Metz ABSTRACT In hot-dip galvanizing, the steel strip is annealed in an atmosphere of N 2 and H 2, containing only traces of water. One of the main purposes of this heat treatment is to reduce the iron oxides present at the steel surface, in order to improve the wettability by liquid zinc.
    [Show full text]