Wettability and Adhesion Work Prediction in the Polymer–Aqueous Solution of Surface Active Agent Systems
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Glossary Physics (I-Introduction)
1 Glossary Physics (I-introduction) - Efficiency: The percent of the work put into a machine that is converted into useful work output; = work done / energy used [-]. = eta In machines: The work output of any machine cannot exceed the work input (<=100%); in an ideal machine, where no energy is transformed into heat: work(input) = work(output), =100%. Energy: The property of a system that enables it to do work. Conservation o. E.: Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it may be transformed from one form into another, but the total amount of energy never changes. Equilibrium: The state of an object when not acted upon by a net force or net torque; an object in equilibrium may be at rest or moving at uniform velocity - not accelerating. Mechanical E.: The state of an object or system of objects for which any impressed forces cancels to zero and no acceleration occurs. Dynamic E.: Object is moving without experiencing acceleration. Static E.: Object is at rest.F Force: The influence that can cause an object to be accelerated or retarded; is always in the direction of the net force, hence a vector quantity; the four elementary forces are: Electromagnetic F.: Is an attraction or repulsion G, gravit. const.6.672E-11[Nm2/kg2] between electric charges: d, distance [m] 2 2 2 2 F = 1/(40) (q1q2/d ) [(CC/m )(Nm /C )] = [N] m,M, mass [kg] Gravitational F.: Is a mutual attraction between all masses: q, charge [As] [C] 2 2 2 2 F = GmM/d [Nm /kg kg 1/m ] = [N] 0, dielectric constant Strong F.: (nuclear force) Acts within the nuclei of atoms: 8.854E-12 [C2/Nm2] [F/m] 2 2 2 2 2 F = 1/(40) (e /d ) [(CC/m )(Nm /C )] = [N] , 3.14 [-] Weak F.: Manifests itself in special reactions among elementary e, 1.60210 E-19 [As] [C] particles, such as the reaction that occur in radioactive decay. -
An Introduction to Inhomogeneous Liquids, Density Functional Theory, and the Wetting Transition Adam P
An introduction to inhomogeneous liquids, density functional theory, and the wetting transition Adam P. Hughes, Uwe Thiele, and Andrew J. Archer Citation: American Journal of Physics 82, 1119 (2014); doi: 10.1119/1.4890823 View online: http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.4890823 View Table of Contents: http://scitation.aip.org/content/aapt/journal/ajp/82/12?ver=pdfcov Published by the American Association of Physics Teachers Articles you may be interested in Density functional theory of inhomogeneous liquids. II. A fundamental measure approach J. Chem. Phys. 128, 184711 (2008); 10.1063/1.2916694 Mean-field density-functional model of a second-order wetting transition J. Chem. Phys. 128, 114716 (2008); 10.1063/1.2895748 Surface phase transitions in athermal mixtures of hard rods and excluded volume polymers investigated using a density functional approach J. Chem. Phys. 125, 204709 (2006); 10.1063/1.2400033 Homogeneous nucleation at high supersaturation and heterogeneous nucleation on microscopic wettable particles: A hybrid thermodynamic∕density-functional theory J. Chem. Phys. 125, 144515 (2006); 10.1063/1.2357937 Perfect wetting along a three-phase line: Theory and molecular dynamics simulations J. Chem. Phys. 124, 244505 (2006); 10.1063/1.2206772 This article is copyrighted as indicated in the article. Reuse of AAPT content is subject to the terms at: http://scitation.aip.org/termsconditions. Downloaded to IP: 128.176.202.20 On: Wed, 03 Dec 2014 08:24:19 An introduction to inhomogeneous liquids, density functional theory, and the wetting transition Adam P. Hughes Department of Mathematical Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom Uwe Thiele Department of Mathematical Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom and Institut fur€ Theoretische Physik, Westfalische€ Wilhelms-Universitat€ Munster,€ Wilhelm Klemm Str. -
Substrate Wettability Guided Oriented Self Assembly of Janus Particles
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Substrate wettability guided oriented self assembly of Janus particles Meneka Banik1, Shaili Sett2, Chirodeep Bakli3, Arup Kumar Raychaudhuri2, Suman Chakraborty4* & Rabibrata Mukherjee1* Self-assembly of Janus particles with spatial inhomogeneous properties is of fundamental importance in diverse areas of sciences and has been extensively observed as a favorably functionalized fuidic interface or in a dilute solution. Interestingly, the unique and non-trivial role of surface wettability on oriented self-assembly of Janus particles has remained largely unexplored. Here, the exclusive role of substrate wettability in directing the orientation of amphiphilic metal-polymer Bifacial spherical Janus particles, obtained by topo-selective metal deposition on colloidal Polymestyere (PS) particles, is explored by drop casting a dilute dispersion of the Janus colloids. While all particles orient with their polymeric (hydrophobic) and metallic (hydrophilic) sides facing upwards on hydrophilic and hydrophobic substrates respectively, they exhibit random orientation on a neutral substrate. The substrate wettability guided orientation of the Janus particles is captured using molecular dynamic simulation, which highlights that the arrangement of water molecules and their local densities near the substrate guide the specifc orientation. Finally, it is shown that by spin coating it becomes possible to create a hexagonal close-packed array of the Janus colloids with specifc orientation on diferential wettability substrates. -
Hydrogen Bond Assisted Adhesion in Portland Cement-Based Materials
136 Cerâmica 57 (2011) 136-139 Hydrogen bond assisted adhesion in Portland cement-based materials (Adesão assistida por ligação de hidrogênio em materiais à base de cimento Portland) H. L. Rossetto1,2, V. C. Pandolfelli1 1Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais - DEMa, Universidade Federal de S. Carlos - UFSCar, Rod. Washington Luiz, km 235, S. Carlos, SP 13565-590 2Instituto de Física de S. Carlos, Universidade de S. Paulo - IFSC-USP, Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense 400, S. Carlos, SP 13566-590 [email protected] Abstract Adhesion is a physical-chemical parameter able to render innovations to Portland cement-based materials. However, this concept still lacks experimental evidence to underlie further developments in this subject. This work has demonstrated how distinct substances can impart different adhesion forces after evaluating the hydration degree and the mechanical strength of non-reactive cementitious materials. The substances capable of making tridimensional hydrogen bonds, such as water, for instance, were the most effective in providing cementitious samples with improved bending strength. It implies that water is not only important because of its role in cement hydration, but also because it develops adhesion between hydrated cementitious surfaces. More than speculating the fundamental understanding on adhesion in Portland cement-based materials, the present paper intends to stimulate thinking on how to take the benefits of the water confined between the hydrated cementitious surfaces as an in-built nanoadhesive, so far little explored, but at the same time so prone to yield high performance materials. Keywords: adhesion, hydrogen bond, mechanical properties, Portland cement. Resumo Adesão é um parâmetro físico-químico que pode promover inovações em materiais à base de cimento Portland. -
UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA, IRVINE Kinetic Studies Of
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE Kinetic Studies of Multivalent Nanoparticle Adhesion DISSERTATION submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the deGree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Biomedical EnGineerinG by MinGqiu WanG Dissertation Committee: Assistant Professor Jered Haun, Chair Associate Professor Jun Allard Professor YounG Jik Kwon 2018 © 2018 MinGqiu WanG DEDICATION To my parents, for their unconditional love and support. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION.......................................................................................................................... II TABLE OF CONTENTS........................................................................................................ III LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................. V LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................. VII ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ..................................................................................................... VIII CURRICULUM VITAE ........................................................................................................... X ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION ............................................................................... XI 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 1 1.1. TARGET NANOPARTICLE ADHESION ............................................................................................ -
Effect of Temperature on Wetting Angle
San Jose State University SJSU ScholarWorks Faculty Publications, Biomedical, Chemical, and Biomedical, Chemical and Materials Materials Engineering Engineering 7-1-1997 Effect of Temperature on Wetting Angle Guna S. Selvaduray San Jose State University, [email protected] R. Brindos San Jose State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/chem_mat_eng_pub Part of the Chemical Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Guna S. Selvaduray and R. Brindos. "Effect of Temperature on Wetting Angle" National Educators' Workshop: Update 96 - Standard Experiments in Engineering Materials Science and Technology, NASA Publication 3354 (1997): 137-151. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Biomedical, Chemical and Materials Engineering at SJSU ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications, Biomedical, Chemical, and Materials Engineering by an authorized administrator of SJSU ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NASA Conference Publication 3354 National Educators' Workshop: Update 96 Standard Experiments.in Engineering Materials Science and Technology Compiled by James E. Gardner and Ginger L. Freeman Langle~; Research Center • Hampton, Virginia James A. Jacobs Norfolk State University • Norfolk, Virginia Don M. Parkin Los Alamos National Laboratory • Los Alamos, New Mexico Proceedings of a workshop sponsored jointly by the United States Department of Energy, Los Alamos, New Mexico, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, -
Wetting−Dewetting Transition Line in Thin Polymer Films K
Subscriber access provided by NATL INST STANDARDS & TECH Research Article Wetting−Dewetting Transition Line in Thin Polymer Films K. M. Ashley, D. Raghavan, J. F. Douglas, and A. Karim Langmuir, 2005, 21 (21), 9518-9523• DOI: 10.1021/la050482y • Publication Date (Web): 09 September 2005 Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on February 10, 2009 More About This Article Additional resources and features associated with this article are available within the HTML version: • Supporting Information • Links to the 9 articles that cite this article, as of the time of this article download • Access to high resolution figures • Links to articles and content related to this article • Copyright permission to reproduce figures and/or text from this article Langmuir is published by the American Chemical Society. 1155 Sixteenth Street N.W., Washington, DC 20036 9518 Langmuir 2005, 21, 9518-9523 Wetting-Dewetting Transition Line in Thin Polymer Films K. M. Ashley,† D. Raghavan,*,† J. F. Douglas,*,‡ and A. Karim*,‡ Polymer Program, Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, and Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899 Received February 23, 2005. In Final Form: June 14, 2005 Thin polymeric films are increasingly being utilized in diverse technological applications, and it is crucial to have a reliable method to characterize the stability of these films against dewetting. The parameter space that influences the dewetting of thin polymer films is wide (molecular mass, temperature, film thickness, substrate interaction) and a combinatorial method of investigation is suitable. We thus construct a combinatorial library of observations for polystyrene (PS) films cast on substrates having orthogonal temperature and surface energy gradients and perform a series of measurements for a range of molecular masses (1800 g/mol < M < 35 000 g/mol) and film thicknesses h (30 nm < h < 40 nm) to explore these primary parameter axes. -
Inverse Gas Chromatographic Examination of Polymer Composites
Open Chem., 2015; 13: 893–900 Invited Paper Open Access Adam Voelkel*, Beata Strzemiecka, Kasylda Milczewska, Zuzanna Okulus Inverse Gas Chromatographic Examination of Polymer Composites DOI: 10.1515/chem-2015-0104 received December 30, 2014; accepted April 1, 2015. of composite components and/or interactions between them, and behavior during technological processes. This paper reviews is the examination of Abstract: Inverse gas chromatographic characterization various polymer-containing systems by inverse gas of resins and resin based abrasive materials, polymer- chromatography. polymer and polymer-filler systems, as well as dental restoratives is reviewed. Keywords: surface activity, polymer-polymer interactions, 2 Discussion adhesion, dental restoratives, inverse gas chromatography 2.1 Surface energy and adhesion 1 Introduction IGC is useful for surface energy determination of solid polymers and fillers. Solid surface energy of consists of Inverse gas chromatography (IGC) was introduced in 1967 dispersive ( , from van der Waals forces) and specific by Kiselev [1], developed by Smidsrød and Guillet [2], and ( , from acid-base interactions) components: is still being improved. Its popularity is due to its simplicity D and user friendliness. Only a standard gas chromatograph = + (1) is necessary [3] although more sophisticated equipment has been advised. “Inverse” relates to the aim of the experiment. for solids can be calculated according to several It is not separation as in classical GC, but examination of methods [7]; one of the most often used is that of Schultz- the stationary phase properties. Test compounds with Lavielle [8-12]: known properties are injected onto the column containing dd the material to be examined. Retention times and peak RT××ln VN =× 2 N ×× aggsl × + C (2) profiles determine parameters describing the column filling. -
Adhesion and Cohesion
Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal of Dentistry Volume 2012, Article ID 951324, 8 pages doi:10.1155/2012/951324 Review Article Adhesion and Cohesion J. Anthony von Fraunhofer School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA Correspondence should be addressed to J. Anthony von Fraunhofer, [email protected] Received 18 October 2011; Accepted 14 November 2011 Academic Editor: Cornelis H. Pameijer Copyright © 2012 J. Anthony von Fraunhofer. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The phenomena of adhesion and cohesion are reviewed and discussed with particular reference to dentistry. This review considers the forces involved in cohesion and adhesion together with the mechanisms of adhesion and the underlying molecular processes involved in bonding of dissimilar materials. The forces involved in surface tension, surface wetting, chemical adhesion, dispersive adhesion, diffusive adhesion, and mechanical adhesion are reviewed in detail and examples relevant to adhesive dentistry and bonding are given. Substrate surface chemistry and its influence on adhesion, together with the properties of adhesive materials, are evaluated. The underlying mechanisms involved in adhesion failure are covered. The relevance of the adhesion zone and its impor- tance with regard to adhesive dentistry and bonding to enamel and dentin is discussed. 1. Introduction molecular attraction by which the particles of a body are uni- ted throughout the mass. In other words, adhesion is any at- Every clinician has experienced the failure of a restoration, be traction process between dissimilar molecular species, which it loosening of a crown, loss of an anterior Class V restora- have been brought into direct contact such that the adhesive tion, or leakage of a composite restoration. -
Nanoparticles Improving the Wetting Ability of Biological Liquids
dynam mo ic Torrisi and Scolaro, J Thermodyn Catal 2017, 8:1 er s h & T f C DOI: 10.4172/2157-7544.1000184 o a t l a a l Journal of y n r s i u s o J ISSN: 2157-7544 Thermodynamics & Catalysis Research Article Open Access Nanoparticles Improving the Wetting Ability of Biological Liquids Torrisi L* and Scolaro C Dottorato di Ricerca in Fisica and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche MIFT, Università di Messina, V.le F.S. D’Alcontres 31, 98166 S. Agata (ME), Italy Abstract The contact angle of some biological liquids was investigated on different biocompatible surfaces and nanoparticles were employed to improve their wetting ability. Biocompatible nanoparticles based on titanium, silver and gold were prepared using the technique of the pulsed laser ablation in liquids. The nanoparticles were characterized in size, shape, coalescence and concentration in solutions. Solid biocompatible substrates based on polyethylene, hydroxyapatite and titanium were employed as simulation of prosthetic surfaces. Measurements of contact angle were performed in different biological solution, including the human blood, with respect to the distilled water, without and with the use of the metallic nanoparticles at concentration of the order of 80-370 µg/ml. Keywords: Nanoparticles; Laser ablation; Contact angle; viscosity, thermal and electric conduction, vapour pressure, the PH Biocompatibility; Interfaces and other parameters [5,9]. The wetting ability of the liquid on a given surface changes introducing specific nanoparticles at the interface. This Introduction aspect is of special interest in Biology and Medicine, especially due More and more the nanotechnology is becoming important to the impact on the protein absorption and the cellular response in and promising in different fields of the science. -
Unique Properties of Water!
Name: _______ANSWER KEY_______________ Class: _____ Date: _______________ Unique Properties of Water! Word Bank: Adhesion Evaporation Polar Surface tension Cohesion Freezing Positive Universal solvent Condensation Melting Sublimation Dissolve Negative 1. The electrons are not shared equally between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms of water creating a Polar molecule. 2. The polarity of water allows it to dissolve most substances. Because of this it is referred to as the universal solvent 3. Water molecules stick to other water molecules. This property is called cohesion. 4. Hydrogen bonds form between adjacent water molecules because the positive charged hydrogen end of one water molecule attracts the negative charged oxygen end of another water molecule. 5. Water molecules stick to other materials due to its polar nature. This property is called adhesion. 6. Hydrogen bonds hold water molecules closely together which causes water to have high surface tension. This is why water tends to clump together to form drops rather than spread out into a thin film. 7. Condensation is when water changes from a gas to a liquid. 8. Sublimation is when water changes from a solid directly to a gas. 9. Freezing is when water changes from a liquid to a solid. 10. Melting is when water changes from a solid to a liquid. 11. Evaporation is when water changes from a liquid to a gas. 12. Why does ice float? Water expands as it freezes, so it is LESS DENSE AS A SOLID. 13. What property refers to water molecules resembling magnets? How are these alike? Polar bonds create positive and negative ends of the molecule. -
Multidisciplinary Design Project Engineering Dictionary Version 0.0.2
Multidisciplinary Design Project Engineering Dictionary Version 0.0.2 February 15, 2006 . DRAFT Cambridge-MIT Institute Multidisciplinary Design Project This Dictionary/Glossary of Engineering terms has been compiled to compliment the work developed as part of the Multi-disciplinary Design Project (MDP), which is a programme to develop teaching material and kits to aid the running of mechtronics projects in Universities and Schools. The project is being carried out with support from the Cambridge-MIT Institute undergraduate teaching programe. For more information about the project please visit the MDP website at http://www-mdp.eng.cam.ac.uk or contact Dr. Peter Long Prof. Alex Slocum Cambridge University Engineering Department Massachusetts Institute of Technology Trumpington Street, 77 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge. Cambridge MA 02139-4307 CB2 1PZ. USA e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] tel: +44 (0) 1223 332779 tel: +1 617 253 0012 For information about the CMI initiative please see Cambridge-MIT Institute website :- http://www.cambridge-mit.org CMI CMI, University of Cambridge Massachusetts Institute of Technology 10 Miller’s Yard, 77 Massachusetts Ave. Mill Lane, Cambridge MA 02139-4307 Cambridge. CB2 1RQ. USA tel: +44 (0) 1223 327207 tel. +1 617 253 7732 fax: +44 (0) 1223 765891 fax. +1 617 258 8539 . DRAFT 2 CMI-MDP Programme 1 Introduction This dictionary/glossary has not been developed as a definative work but as a useful reference book for engi- neering students to search when looking for the meaning of a word/phrase. It has been compiled from a number of existing glossaries together with a number of local additions.