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Multidisciplinary Design Project Engineering Dictionary Version 0.0.2 February 15, 2006 . DRAFT Cambridge-MIT Institute Multidisciplinary Design Project This Dictionary/Glossary of Engineering terms has been compiled to compliment the work developed as part of the Multi-disciplinary Design Project (MDP), which is a programme to develop teaching material and kits to aid the running of mechtronics projects in Universities and Schools. The project is being carried out with support from the Cambridge-MIT Institute undergraduate teaching programe. For more information about the project please visit the MDP website at http://www-mdp.eng.cam.ac.uk or contact Dr. Peter Long Prof. Alex Slocum Cambridge University Engineering Department Massachusetts Institute of Technology Trumpington Street, 77 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge. Cambridge MA 02139-4307 CB2 1PZ. USA e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] tel: +44 (0) 1223 332779 tel: +1 617 253 0012 For information about the CMI initiative please see Cambridge-MIT Institute website :- http://www.cambridge-mit.org CMI CMI, University of Cambridge Massachusetts Institute of Technology 10 Miller’s Yard, 77 Massachusetts Ave. Mill Lane, Cambridge MA 02139-4307 Cambridge. CB2 1RQ. USA tel: +44 (0) 1223 327207 tel. +1 617 253 7732 fax: +44 (0) 1223 765891 fax. +1 617 258 8539 . DRAFT 2 CMI-MDP Programme 1 Introduction This dictionary/glossary has not been developed as a definative work but as a useful reference book for engi- neering students to search when looking for the meaning of a word/phrase. It has been compiled from a number of existing glossaries together with a number of local additions. Each reference has a standard layout Transistor [Elec] Where [Elec] indicates the engineering area where the definition is used and the original source, see section 1.1. In a number of cases there are multiple definitions, these have been kept to indicate the variation in use even within the same industry. The MDP project is very grateful to the compilers of the other collections for their kind permission to reuse their data, but accepts responsibility for any errors or mistranscription. Links to some of the original data sources are given in section 1.1 and the users is urged to consult these if additional information is required. 1.1 Engineering Disciplines Aerospace & thermodynamic engineering involves developing, designing, testing items related to aircraft power generating systems. • [aeroth] - general Agricultural & Food engineering involves every aspect of food production, processing, marketing, and distribution. Biomedical engineering applies engineering principles and design to the biology and medical arena to improve health care and the lives of those with medical impairments. Bringing together knowledge from many engineering disciplines and technical fields, biomedical engineers design medical instruments, devices, and software; develop new procedures; conduct research; and solve clinical problems. Chemical engineering applies principles of chemistry and physics to the design and production of materials that undergo chemical changes during their manufacture. Civil & Structural engineering involves planning, designing, and building a wide variety of structures and fa- cilities, including bridges, roads and highways, dams, high-rise buildings, airports, water treatment centers, industrial manufacturing and processing facilities, and sanitation plants. • [civilst] - general • [civil-1] - see http://urban.arch.virginia.edu/km6e/reference/glossary/struc-glossary.html Computer & Software engineering involves the design, construction, and operation of computer systems. • [soft] - general • [soft1] - see http://www.apl.jwww.apl.jhu.edu Control Systems engineering involves the design and manufacture of instrumentation and ways to control dynamic processes automatically. Electrical & Electronic engineering is the practical application of electricity. Covering the area from very low power/voltage to high power and transmission systems. • [elec] - general Environmental engineering is the development of processes and infrastructure for the supply of water, the disposal of waste, and the control of all kinds of pollution. • [enviro] - general Geotechnical engineering uses the principles of mechanics to analyze and predict the behavior of earth materials in engineering situations.DRAFT CMI-MDP Programme 3 • [geotech] - general Instrumental engineering • [instrum] - general • [instrum-1] - see http://www.omega.com Manufacturing engineering includes all aspects of manufacturing operations, including the behavior and properties of materials and materials processes; the design of products, equipment, and tooling neces- sary for their manufacture; management of manufacturing enterprises; and, the design and operation of manufacturing systems Materials engineering focusses on materials design, testing and processing techniques (e.g. casting, rolling, welding) • [mat] - general • [mat-1] - see http://www.justinline.com/glossary Mechanical engineering applies the principles of mechanics and energy to the design of machines and devices. Perhaps the broadest of all engineering disciplines, mechanical engineering is generally combined into three broad areas: energy, structures and motion in mechanical systems, and manufacturing. • [mech] - general • [mech-1] - materials related see http://www.tulane.edu/ bmitche/book/glossary.html • [mech-2] - Welding http://www.meg.co.uk • [mech-3] - Fasteners see http://www.boltscience.com Mining engineering comprises all aspects of discovering, removing, and processing minerals from the earth. Nuclear engineering involves the design, construction, and operation of nuclear power plants for power gen- eration, propulsion of nuclear submarines, the handling of nuclear fuels and the safe disposal of radioactive wastes. • [nuclear] - general • [nuclear-1] - see http://www.usanuclear Petroleum engineering involves sustaining the flow of oil and gas, including discovery, recovery, storage, and transportation of petroleum. • [petro] - general • [petro-1] - see http://www.statoil.com Sanitary engineering is a branch of civil and environmental engineering that deals with sanitary issues affecting public health, such as safe drinking water and sewage disposal. Among other things, sanitary engineers deal with preventing toxins and dangerous microorganisms from endangering the public in such systems. DRAFT 4 CMI-MDP Programme 5 4GL Fourth generation language . [soft] Access hatch An airtight door system that pre- serves the pressure integrity of a reactor contain- 88open A consortium with the aim of creating a ment structure while allowing access to personnel multivendor open computing environment based and equipment. [nuclear-1] on the Motorola 88000 RISC processor family [soft] ACE Adaptive Communication Environment, a C++ Wrapper Library for communications from the University of California at Irvine [soft] AB ACE Advanced Computing Environment: a consor- tium to agree on an open architecture based on the MIPS R4000 chip. A computer architecture AAP DTD A DTD document type for scientific ARCS will be defined, on which either OS/2 or documents, defined by the AAP [soft] Open Desktop can be run [soft] AAP The Association of American Publishers: en- acid a chemical substance that yields hydrogen ions gaged in standardisation efforts in document when dissolved in water. [mat-1] preparation. [soft] Acid deposition or acid rain Refers loosely to a ABI Application Binary Interface: the interface by mixture ofwet and dry ”deposition” (deposited which an application program gains access to op- material) from the atmospherecontaining higher erating system and other services, designed to than ”normal” amount of nitric and sulfuri- permit porting of compiled binary applications cacids. The precursors or chemical forerunners between systems with the same ABI. [soft] of acid rain formationresult from both natural abrasion a process where hard particles are forced sources, such as volcanoes and decayingvegeta- against and moved along a solid surface. [mat-1] tion, and man-made sources, primarily emissions of sulfur andnitrogen oxides resulting from fossil abrasive a hard and wear-resistant material (com- fuel combustion.[mining-1] monly a ceramic) that is used to wear, grind, or cut away other material. [mat-1] Acid mine water - Mine water that contains free sulfuricacid, mainly due to the weathering of iron Abrasive A hard and wear-resistant material that pyrites.[mining-1] is used to wear, grind or cut away other material.[mech-1] ACM Association for Computing Machinery [soft] abrasive wheel a grinding wheel composed of an Acorn Nut A nut (so-called because of its shape) abrasive grit and bonding agent. [mat-1] that has a domed top so that [mech-3] Abstract Class In object-oriented programming, acoustic emission a measure of integrity of a ma- a class designed only as a parent from which terial determined by sound emission when a ma- sub-classes may be derived, but which is not it- terial is stressed. [mat-1] self suitable for instantiation . Often used to Acrobat A platform-independent text and image ”abstract out” incomplete sets of features which formatter/viewer from Adobe Systems [soft] may then be shared by a group of sibling sub- classes which add different variations of the miss- acrylic synthetic resin made from acrylic acid or a ing pieces. [soft] derivative thereof; acrylics possess the property of transparency and offer flame resistance. [mat- Abutment - In coal mining, (1) the weight
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