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The Sound Patterns of Kachok in the Context of Bahnaric and North-Bahnaric Studies

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The Sound Patterns of Kachok in the Context of Bahnaric and North-Bahnaric Studies City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 9-2018 The Sound Patterns of Kachok in the Context of Bahnaric and North-Bahnaric Studies Emily L. Olsen The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/2868 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] THE SOUND PATTERNS OF KACHOK IN THE CONTEXT OF BAHNARIC AND NORTH-BAHNARIC STUDIES by EMILY LONG OLSEN A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Linguistics in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2018 ©2018 EMILY LONG OLSEN All Rights Reserved ii The Sound Patterns of Kachok in the context of Bahnaric and North-Bahnaric Studies by Emily Long Olsen This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Linguistics in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Date Juliette Blevins Chair of Examining Committee Date Gita Martohardjono Executive Officer Supervisory Committee: Juliette Blevins Daniel Kaufman Douglas Whalen THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii ABSTRACT The Sound Patterns of Kachok in the context of Bahnaric and North-Bahnaric Studies by Emily Long Olsen Advisor: Juliette Blevins This dissertation presents a description of the sound patterns of Kachok, Austroasiatic language spoken in northeastern Ratanakiri Province, Cambodia. The language is spoken by approximately 3000 people and is considered endangered (Simons & Fennig, 2018). Kachok is undocumented, and this dissertation is the first attempt to describe the language and its sound patterns. The goals of this dissertation are twofold: to contribute to linguistics and the science of phonetics and phonological typology, as well as increase the body of work on Austro-Asiatic languages, and to create resources for the Kachok language, culture, and people that have the potential to outlive the language itself. This dissertation describes the segmental phonology of Kachok, and then presents a new prosodic model of the sesquisyllable, a phenomenon prevalent in Southeast Asian languages. iv Dedication This work is dedicated to the Kachok people in the village of Lower Kachut. The months I spent with you taught me more than can be demonstrated in this dissertation. I owe you far more than my academic education. In pursuit of scientific knowledge and professional gain, I learned the value of family and kinship, joy without wealth, and living simply. I return to my summers in Kachut often in my mind and will continue to do so for many years to come. Acknowledgments The success of this dissertation and all that went into the years that preceded it is owed to the help, support, and love of my Linguistics professors at the Graduate Center, my friends and family, the Kachok-speaking community in Kachut, and my fixer Yok. First and foremost, I would never have succeeded in completing this dissertation without the support of my academic advisors and mentors. To my advisor, Juliette, thank you for being patient with me when I arrived at zero and slowly worked through my academic career in a process of trial and error. You are truly my model for balancing professional and personal life. In linguistics, you constantly inspire me with the way you follow your instincts and pave a new path for what you believe to be true, rather than accepting the models that are already available. I will continue to learn from you for the rest of my career! To Dan, who introduced me to the world of fieldwork, which I could never quite turn away from. Thank you for being both an approachable advisor and a friend, to whom I could concede my doubts and find reassurance that it's okay to not know everything. Thank you to Doug, who supported me when I felt unsure about changing my course back towards documentation, and who was always available with an encyclopedia worth of knowledge. Secondly, I must acknowledge the support of my brilliant fellow students. From Day one, I felt at home in the Linguistics Department Lounge. From after-class beers in Koreatown, to late night phone calls about problem sets, I have always found the support I so needed from you. Most of all, to my Writing Group: without our meetings, I have no doubt that this would not have happened. Nadav Sabar, Ian Phillips, Joanna Birnbaum, v Michelle McSweeney, and Ignacio Montoya, I am so lucky I had you beside me on this journey. Extra thanks to Nacho, who was always available to field panicked text messages over abstracts and revisions until the bitter end, and who makes the best conversation partner in issues of linguistics, social issues, politics, and life in general. I send thanks to others in the academic community who have supported my research and growth in so many ways. Thank you, especially, to Paul Sidwell, who was there with encouragement and data for me and really helped me get my research in Southeast Asia off the ground. Deepest gratitude to CoLang and all the instructors and members of the planning committee. It was at CoLang 2014, at UT Arlington, that my dream grew legs. This work was made possible by the National Science Foundation. Their support, in the form of Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement Grant 1500186, made this work possible. I am deeply indebted to the Kachok-speaking community in Lower Kachut for their willingness to participate in this project, their appreciation for my enthusiasm, and their hospitality. They shared what they had with me, and it was everything. Grateful thanks to the many people who helped make Banlung home for me. This includes Emily, for the invaluable weekly dinners and conversation that gave me something to always look forward to, and Lexi and Aidan, for toddler playdates, pancakes, and for surgically removing Ryan's toenail. Thanks also to Josh Jensen, for the opportunity to talk about Kachok phonology, the Carsons for their kindness and for family lunch, and of course to JD and Kim Crowley, for the use of their beautiful home, so that I could safely and comfortably bring my family to Ratanakiri. Above all though, bottomless thanks go to Do Yok. Yok is reliable, trustworthy, loyal, honest, helpful, and thoughtful. We fell into a natural rhythm, and he was my right hand in this project. He rooted for me, anticipated my needs, and made things happen before I knew I needed them. Despite our wildly different lives, Yok was my family in Ratanakiri. I am so, so grateful for all he did for me. vi I send huge thanks to my family, who, while they might not have understood what was going on, stood by in support and offered help in many forms when I needed it over these long years. To my mother, Maria, my sister, Caroline, my brother, Evan, and my mother-in-law, Lynn: Thank you for always being there for me and my family while I pursued this dream. And to my aunts and cousins, who blur the lines between extended family and nuclear family, for supporting me and my work. While they are not here to see this happen, I owe so much to my grandparents, Nina and Robert Brandis. They supported me and my education in every way they could think of since the beginning, and I know they would be so proud to see me take it this far. I hope I have made you proud, Family. I will never think of a way to adequately acknowledge the support of my husband, Ryan Olsen. The day I received notification that I'd be receiving the grant money to undertake this project, I was 10 weeks pregnant. I panicked and considered turning it down, but he had this huge proud grin and just said, We'll figure it out. No one has ever backed me up so steadfastly and unwaveringly the way you do, and I could write this section in all caps with a thousand exclamation points, and it still wouldn't be clear to any reader just how much this success is owed to you. You did everything you could to pave the way for me to make this happen, and followed me around the world (more than once) to be by my side. You are a true partner, and I am so very lucky to have had you with me on this. And finally, to my sweet boys, Sage and Crane: One day, when you’re older, I will take out this dissertation and read you this text. I hope then you will understand why I put us through this craziness and you will think of your old mother as smart, brave, and adventurous, rather than scatterbrained and overtired, as I must have seemed to you these last couple years. (Lucky for me, you won't remember those days!) I want you both to know that above all else in my life, I strive for balance: as a learner, a teacher, a sister and daughter, as a wife, and as a mother. But if ever I had to choose, I would choose you. Being your mother is the most important role I will ever play. vii Table of Contents 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background on Kachok People & Community ..................................................................................... 3 1.1.1 Kachut and its Local Context ............................................................................................................ 5 1.1.2 Language Family and Historical Context .........................................................................................
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