Design and Implementation of Arduino Based Refreshable Braille Display Controller
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UNIT 2 Braille
Mathematics Enhancement Programme Codes and UNIT 2 Braille Lesson Plan 1 Braille Ciphers Activity Notes T: Teacher P: Pupil Ex.B: Exercise Book 1 Introduction T: What code, designed more than 150 years ago, is still used Whole class interactive extensively today? discussion. T: The system of raised dots which enables blind people to read was Ps might also suggest Morse code designed in 1833 by a Frenchman, Louis Braille. or semaphore. Does anyone know how it works? Ps might have some ideas but are T: Braille uses a system of dots, either raised or not, arranged in unlikely to know that Braille uses 3 rows and 2 columns. a 32× configuration. on whiteboard Here are some possible codes: ape (WB). T puts these three Braille letters on WB. T: What do you notice? (They use different numbers of dots) T: We will find out how many possible patterns there are. 10 mins 2 Number of patterns T: How can we find out how many patterns there are? Response will vary according to (Find as many as possible) age and ability. T: OK – but let us be systematic in our search. What could we first find? (All patterns with one dot) T: Good; who would like to display these on the board? P(s) put possible solutions on the board; T stresses the logical search for these. Agreement. Praising. (or use OS 2.1) T: Working in your exercise books (with squared paper), now find all possible patterns with just 2 dots. T: How many have you found? Allow about 5 minutes for this before reviewing. -
Guide to Braille ASCII (Or “Computer Braille”)
A Guide to Braille ASCII (or “Computer Braille”) Some electronic braille devices occasionally display information or require that users input information in “computer braille” or braille ASCII. Braille ASCII is not technically a braille code, but rather is a one-to-one mapping between braille characters and the QWERTY keyboard (a standard computer keyboard). If you have a braille font installed on your computer, that braille font is the same as “computer braille” when typing. This guide will provide you with an overview of what you need to know to be able to understand or enter text when a device says, “computer braille required.” Do Not Contract Since braille ASCII is a one-to-one mapping between the QWERTY keyboard and braille signs, there is no translation occurring, so contractions cannot be used. Instead of typing: ,l\is ,brl You would need to type: louis braille Because there is no translation occurring, you also cannot use braille indicators that don’t exist in print, such as the number indicator (dots 3-4-5- 6 #) or the capital indicator (dot 6 ,). Numbers Since the number indicator is a symbol that does not exist in print and cannot be used, all numbers are represented in the lower part of the braille cell with no number indicator preceding them. If you need to type a mixture of letters and numbers, such as a postal code like V6P 6G2, instead of typing: ,V#f,P #f,G#b www.prcvi.org March 2021 A Teacher’s Guide to Braille ASCII (or “Computer Braille”) You would type: V6P 6G2 Capitals Without being able to use dot 6 to indicate capitals, many devices will use 8- dot input to accomplish this. -
Kemampuan Imajinasi Matematis Siswa Tunanetra Smplb Pada Pembelajaran Joyfull Learning Berbantuan Audio Geobraille
KEMAMPUAN IMAJINASI MATEMATIS SISWA TUNANETRA SMPLB PADA PEMBELAJARAN JOYFULL LEARNING BERBANTUAN AUDIO GEOBRAILLE SKRIPSI diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Pendidikan Matematika oleh Yusriza Firdausi Romdhiana 4101416042 JURUSAN MATEMATIKA FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SEMARANG 2020 ii PENGESAHAN iii MOTTO DAN PERSEMBAHAN MOTTO 1. “Allah tidak akan membebani seseorang melainkan sesuai dengan kesanggupannya” (Q.S Al Baqarah: 286). 2. “Boleh jadi kamu membenci sesuatu, padahal ia amat baik bagimu. Dan boleh jadi (pula) kamu menyukai sesuatu, padahal ia amat buruk bagimu. Allah Maha Mengetahui, sedang kamu tidak mengetahui” (Q.S. Al Baqarah: 216) 3. “Sesungguhnya bersama kesulitan ada kemudahan. Maka apabila engkau telah selesai (dari sesuatu urusan), tetaplah bekerja keras (untuk urusan yang lain). Dan hanya kepada Tuhanmulah engkau berharap” (Q.S. Al Insyirah: 6 – 8). PERSEMBAHAN Kedua orang tua tercinta, Abah H. Muhammad Kusdi, M.Pd dan Ibu Hj. Unsa Laila, S.Pd yang senantiasa menjadi panutan, memberikan semangat dan penguatan, memberikan cinta dan kasih sayang, selalu tulus mendoakan, serta menemani setiap lagkah perjuangan. Semoga selalu diberikan umur yang panjang dan barokah. Amin. Kakak saya, Fahmi Rikza Luqmana dan Adrikna Niam serta adik saya M. Mirzasofa Sirrul Wafi yang selalu memberikan semangat dalam menempuh pendidikan dan terus mengalirkan doa. Keluarga besar yang selalu mendoakan dan mendukung dalam segala hal. iv PRAKATA Puji syukur penulis ucapkan kehadirat Allah SWT atas segala limpahan rahmat-Nya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi yang berjudul “Kemampuan Imajinasi Matematis Siswa Tunanetra SMPLB pada Pembelajaran Joyfull Learning Berbantuan Audio Geobraille” ini dengan lancar di tengah-tengah wabah pandemic COVID-19. -
Viewplus Software Suite 7.0.7 User Manual Revision: 20200427
ViewPlus Software Suite 7.0.7 User Manual Revision: 20200427 Contents I. Preface ............................................................................................................................... 3 II. Tiger Software Suite - Program Installation ........................................................................ 4 II.A. Installation ..............................................................................................................................4 II.B. Uninstallation ..........................................................................................................................8 III. VP License Manager ......................................................................................................... 9 III.A. Software Activation .............................................................................................................. 10 III.A.1. Activation on computer with internet connection .................................................................................. 10 III.A.2. Activation on computer without internet connection............................................................................. 12 III.B. Deactivation of Tiger Software Suite ..................................................................................... 15 III.B.1. Deactivation on computer with internet connection .............................................................................. 15 III.B.2. Deactivation on computer without internet connection ........................................................................ -
A New Research Resource for Optical Recognition of Embossed and Hand-Punched Hindi Devanagari Braille Characters: Bharati Braille Bank
I.J. Image, Graphics and Signal Processing, 2015, 6, 19-28 Published Online May 2015 in MECS (http://www.mecs-press.org/) DOI: 10.5815/ijigsp.2015.06.03 A New Research Resource for Optical Recognition of Embossed and Hand-Punched Hindi Devanagari Braille Characters: Bharati Braille Bank Shreekanth.T Research Scholar, JSS Research Foundation, Mysore, India. Email: [email protected] V.Udayashankara Professor, Department of IT, SJCE, Mysore, India. Email: [email protected] Abstract—To develop a Braille recognition system, it is required to have the stored images of Braille sheets. This I. INTRODUCTION paper describes a method and also the challenges of Braille is a language for the blind to read and write building the corpora for Hindi Devanagari Braille. A few through the sense of touch. Braille is formatted to a Braille databases and commercial software's are standard size by Frenchman Louis Braille in 1825.Braille obtainable for English and Arabic Braille languages, but is a system of raised dots arranged in cells. Any none for Indian Braille which is popularly known as Bharathi Braille. However, the size and scope of the combination of one to six dots may be raised within each English and Arabic Braille language databases are cell and the number and position of the raised dots within a cell convey to the reader the letter, word, number, or limited. Researchers frequently develop and self-evaluate symbol the cell exemplifies. There are 64 possible their algorithm based on the same private data set and combinations of raised dots within a single cell. -
The Fontspec Package Font Selection for XƎLATEX and Lualatex
The fontspec package Font selection for XƎLATEX and LuaLATEX Will Robertson and Khaled Hosny [email protected] 2013/05/12 v2.3b Contents 7.5 Different features for dif- ferent font sizes . 14 1 History 3 8 Font independent options 15 2 Introduction 3 8.1 Colour . 15 2.1 About this manual . 3 8.2 Scale . 16 2.2 Acknowledgements . 3 8.3 Interword space . 17 8.4 Post-punctuation space . 17 3 Package loading and options 4 8.5 The hyphenation character 18 3.1 Maths fonts adjustments . 4 8.6 Optical font sizes . 18 3.2 Configuration . 5 3.3 Warnings .......... 5 II OpenType 19 I General font selection 5 9 Introduction 19 9.1 How to select font features 19 4 Font selection 5 4.1 By font name . 5 10 Complete listing of OpenType 4.2 By file name . 6 font features 20 10.1 Ligatures . 20 5 Default font families 7 10.2 Letters . 20 6 New commands to select font 10.3 Numbers . 21 families 7 10.4 Contextuals . 22 6.1 More control over font 10.5 Vertical Position . 22 shape selection . 8 10.6 Fractions . 24 6.2 Math(s) fonts . 10 10.7 Stylistic Set variations . 25 6.3 Miscellaneous font select- 10.8 Character Variants . 25 ing details . 11 10.9 Alternates . 25 10.10 Style . 27 7 Selecting font features 11 10.11 Diacritics . 29 7.1 Default settings . 11 10.12 Kerning . 29 7.2 Changing the currently se- 10.13 Font transformations . 30 lected features . -
Voluntary Voting System Guidelines VVSG 2.0 Recommendations for Requirements for the Voluntary Voting System Guidelines 2.0
Voluntary Voting System Guidelines VVSG 2.0 Recommendations for Requirements for the Voluntary Voting System Guidelines 2.0 February 29, 202010, 2021 Prepared for the Election Assistance Commission At the direction of the Technical Guidelines Development Committee 1 Acknowledgements Chair of the TGDC: Dr. Walter G. Copan Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Gaithersburg, MD Representing the EAC Standards Board: Robert Giles Paul Lux Director Supervisor of Elections New Jersey Division of Elections Okaloosa County Trenton, NJ Crestview, FL Representing the EAC Board of Advisors: Neal Kelley Linda Lamone Registrar of Voters Administrator of Elections Orange County Maryland State Board of Orange County, CA ElectionElections Annapolis, MD Representing the Architectural and Transportation Barrier, and Compliance Board (Access Board): Marc Guthrie Sachin Pavithran Public Board Member Public Board Member Newark, OH Logan, UT Representing the American National Standards Institute (ANSI): Mary Saunders Vice President, Government Relations & Public Policy American National Standards Institute Washington, DC Representing the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers: Dan Wallach Professor, Electrical & Engineering Computer Science Rice University Houston, TX Representing the National Association of State Election Directors (NASED): Lori Augino Judd Choate Washington State Director of Elections State Elections Director Washington Secretary of State Colorado Secretary of State Olympia, WA Denver, CO 2 Requirements -
Voluntary Voting System Guidelines VVSG 2.0 Recommendations for Requirements for the Voluntary Voting System Guidelines 2.0
Voluntary Voting System Guidelines VVSG 2.0 Recommendations for Requirements for the Voluntary Voting System Guidelines 2.0 February 29, 2020 Prepared for the Election Assistance Commission At the direction of the Technical Guidelines Development Committee 1 Requirements for VVSG 2.0 February 29, 2020 Acknowledgements Chair of the TGDC: Dr. Walter G. Copan Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Gaithersburg, MD Representing the EAC Standards Board: Robert Giles Paul Lux Director Supervisor of Elections New Jersey Division of Elections Okaloosa County Trenton, NJ Crestview, FL Representing the EAC Board of Advisors: Neal Kelley Linda Lamone Registrar of Voters Administrator of Elections Orange County Maryland State Board of Election Orange County, CA Annapolis, MD Representing the Architectural and Transportation Barrier, and Compliance Board (Access Board): Marc Guthrie Sachin Pavithran Public Board Member Public Board Member Newark, OH Logan, UT Representing the American National Standards Institute (ANSI): Mary Saunders Vice President, Government Relations & Public Policy American National Standards Institute Washington, DC 2 Requirements for VVSG 2.0 February 29, 2020 Representing the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers: Dan Wallach Professor, Electrical & Engineering Computer Science Rice University Houston, TX Representing the National Association of State Election Directors (NASED): Lori Augino Judd Choate Washington State Director of Elections State Elections Director Washington Secretary -
Transliteration of Indian Ancient Script to Braille Script Using Pattern Recognition Technique: a Review
International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 166 – No.6, May 2017 Transliteration of Indian Ancient Script to Braille Script using Pattern Recognition Technique: A Review Kirti Nilesh Mahajan, PhD Niket Pundlikrao Tajne Professor (B.Sc., MCM, MCA, Ph.D., APHRM) Research Scholar, Bharti Vidyapeeth Deemed University Bharti Vidyapeeth Deemed University Institute of Management & Entrepreneurship Institute of Management & Entrepreneurship Development, Pune Development, Pune ABSTRACT Strenuous research has been done on pattern recognition and a 800000 huge number of research works have been published on this 700000 topic during the last few decades. The Indian ancient scripts 600000 are a golden treasure of not only Asian continent, but also the 500000 Total whole world. Many researchers and an organizations still working on the appropriate character recognition of Indian 400000 ancient scripts. This paper presents some research work that 300000 Male has been significant in the area of pattern recognition and also 200000 highlights the review of existing work done on the Indian 100000 Female ancient scripts. The purpose of this research work is to study 0 … the appropriate identification of the Indian ancient script using 4 9 - - 29 19 39 49 59 69 79 89 - - - - - - - - 5 pattern recognition techniques. We have studied the different 0 90+ 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 pattern recognition techniques and its categorized steps. In 10 current research work we have used MODI script. Modi is Not Age Indian ancient script which is normally preferred in western and southern part of India. This paper shows the importance of MODI script and by using technique of pattern recognition Fig. -
JETIR Research Journal
© 2019 JETIR May 2019, Volume 6, Issue 5 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) MALAYALAM BRAILLE TRANSMUTATION TO TEXT AND SPEECH USING FPGA Adithya R, Kanishma krishnakumar, Mahalekshmi V, Riya jose, B.Tech student, Veena Gopan B.Tech student, B.Tech student, B.Tech student, B.Tech student, Assistant Professor Electronics and communication engineering College of Engineering and Management Punnapra, Alappuzha, India. Abstract : — The Braille system has been used by the visually impaired peoples for reading and writing and also for the communication and contact with the outside world. This paper presents the implementation of Malayalam Braille Recognition with voice and text conversion. The input is applied as different combinations of six cells to the FPGA Spartan 6 processor. It is converted into corresponding Malayalam text through the decoding logic in Verilog language. The corresponding alphabet is displayed on the desktop using an interface with the Spartan 6 processor. Also it is converted to speech using an IC aP890341/170/085. IndexTerms - FPGA, Braille language, Spartan 6, Xilinx, VGA, Verilog. I. INTRODUCTION Braille is a tactile writing system used by cecity people. It is traditionally written with embossed paper. Braille users can read computer screen and electronic supports using refreshable Braille displays. They can write Braille with the original slate and stylus or type it on a Braille writer computer that prints with a Braille embosser. Braille was invented by a blind Frenchman, Louis Braille, in 1829. Braille is comprised of a rectangular six•dot cell on its end, with up to 63 possible combinations using one or more of the six dots. -
Implementation of Gurmukhi to Braille 1Vandana, 2Rupinderdeep Kaur, 3Nidhi Bhalla 1Swami Vivekanand Engineering College, Punjab, India 2 Dept
IJCST VOL . 3, Iss UE 2, APR I L - JUNE 2012 ISSN : 0976-8491 (Online) | ISSN : 2229-4333 (Print) Implementation of Gurmukhi to Braille 1Vandana, 2Rupinderdeep Kaur, 3Nidhi Bhalla 1Swami Vivekanand Engineering College, Punjab, India 2 Dept. of CSE, Thapar University, Patiala, Punjab, India 3Dept. of CSE, Swami Vivekanand Engineering College, Punjab, India Abstract II. Braille Sheet Braille is the language used by the blind people for studying. This Standard Braille is an approach to creating documents which could also helps them to stand with the other people in this technological be read through touch. This is accomplished through the concept of world. Basically, there are different grades of the Braille like a Braille cell consisting of raised dots on thick sheet of paper. On grade 1 grade 2 and grade 3. As per the concern of this paper, it a Braille sheet, the dots are created by embossing using a special only describes grade 1. Grade 1 is called the starting version of printer or even a manual machine that simultaneously embosses Braille in which we do letter by letter translation of words. In the dots as in fig. 3. Today, we also have Braille printers which may this paper, I am going to describe the implementation of a system be connected to computers on standard printed interfaces. These which mainly works on grade 1 for the conversion of Gurmukhi to are generally known as Braille Embossers. A visually Handicapped Braille. This paper also describes the methodology of the system. person is taught Braille by training him or her in discerning the The methodology tells flow of system. -
Lic. Ciências Da Computação Estrutura Do Tema ISC
Introdução aos Sistemas de Computação Sistemas de Computação (1) Lic. Ciências da Computação Estrutura do tema ISC 1º ano 1. Representação de informação num computador 2007/08 2. Organização e estrutura interna dum computador A.J.Proença 3. Execução de programas num computador 4. O processador e a memória num computador 5. Da comunicação de dados às redes Tema Introdução aos Sistemas de Computação AJProença, Sistemas de Computação, UMinho, 2007/08 1 AJProença, Sistemas de Computação, UMinho, 2007/08 2 Noção de computador (1) Noção de computador (2) Um computador é um sistema que: Computador tipo – recebe informação, processa / arquiva informação, Sinais Processador Sinais transmite informação, e ... Digitais Periférico / (1 ou +) Periférico / Digitais –é programável Sinais Sinais Dispositivo Dispositivo i.e., a funcionalidade do sistema pode ser modificada, Digitais Digitais sem alterar fisicamente o sistema Entrada Memória Saída Sinais Sinais primária Quando a funcionalidade é fixada no fabrico do sistema onde o Analógicos Analógicos computador se integra, diz-se que o computador existente nesse sistema está “embebido”: ex. telemóvel, máq. fotográfica digital, automóvel, ... Arquivo Como se representa a informação num computador ? Informação Como se processa a informação num computador ? AJProença, Sistemas de Computação, UMinho, 2007/08 3 AJProença, Sistemas de Computação, UMinho, 2007/08 4 Representação da informação Noção de computador (3) num computador (1) Como se representa a informação? –com binary digits! (ver sistemas de numeração...) • Como se representa a informação num computador ? Tipos de informação a representar: – representação da informação num computador -> – textos (caracteres alfanuméricos) » Baudot, Braille, ASCII, Unicode, ... – números (para cálculo) » inteiros: S+M, Compl. p/ 1, Compl.