IJCST Vo l . 3, Iss u e 2, Ap r i l - Ju n e 2012 ISSN : 0976-8491 (Online) | ISSN : 2229-4333 (Print) Implementation of Gurmukhi to Braille 1Vandana, 2Rupinderdeep Kaur, 3Nidhi Bhalla 1Swami Vivekanand Engineering College, Punjab, India 2 Dept. of CSE, Thapar University, Patiala, Punjab, India 3Dept. of CSE, Swami Vivekanand Engineering College, Punjab, India

Abstract II. Braille Sheet Braille is the language used by the blind people for studying. This Standard Braille is an approach to creating documents which could also helps them to stand with the other people in this technological be read through touch. This is accomplished through the concept of world. Basically, there are different grades of the Braille like a Braille cell consisting of raised dots on thick sheet of paper. On grade 1 grade 2 and grade 3. As per the concern of this paper, it a Braille sheet, the dots are created by embossing using a special only describes grade 1. Grade 1 is called the starting version of printer or even a manual machine that simultaneously embosses Braille in which we do letter by letter translation of words. In the dots as in fig. 3. Today, we also have Braille printers which may this paper, I am going to describe the implementation of a system be connected to computers on standard printed interfaces. These which mainly works on grade 1 for the conversion of Gurmukhi to are generally known as Braille Embossers. A visually Handicapped Braille. This paper also describes the methodology of the system. person is taught Braille by training him or her in discerning the The methodology tells flow of system. Then finally output of the cells by touch, accomplished through his or her fingertips. The system is tested. image below shows how this is done. Each arrangement of dots is known as a cell and will consist of at least one raised dot and Keywords a maximum of six [3]. Braille code, Braille sheet, Standards of cell, Computerized Gurmukhi to Braille conversion, Methodology for converting Gurmukhi to Braille, Testing of the system.

I. Introduction Braille is a tactile method of reading and writing for blind people developed by Louis Braille [8] (1809–1852), a blind Frenchman. The Braille system uses six raised dots in a systematic arrangement with two columns of three dots, known as a Braille cell. By convention, the dots in the left column are numbered 1, 2 and 3 from top to bottom and the dots in the right column are numbered 4, 5 and 6 from top to bottom as shown in fig. 1. A dot may be raised at any of the 6 positions. Counting a space in which there is no dot raised, there are 2 to the 6th power (2x2x2x2x2x2 = 64) possible combinations. A specific combination is described by naming the positions where dots are raised [1-2,6].

Fig. 1: Braille Cell [2, 6] Fig. 3: Braille Sheet [3] Braille is read by blind people by moving their finger tips by left to right as shown in fig. 2. III. Standards of Cell Every major Braille producing country has standards for Braille character spacing and minimum height of the dots in each Braille cell. A printed sheet of Braille normally contains upwards of twenty five rows of text with forty cells in each row. The physical dimensions of a standard Braille sheet are approximately 11 inches by 11 inches. The dimensions of the Braille cell are also standardized but these may vary slightly depending on the country. The dimensions of a Braille cell, as printed on an embosser [4] is shown below in fig. 4.

Fig. 2: Braille Reading

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1. Read a Input. 2. If there is no input then go to end. 3. If the input is a single character then go to step 7 and 8. 4. If the input is String. 5. Break the corresponding word into corresponding characters. 6. Repeat steps 7 and 8 until all the characters of input string are matched with Database characters. 7. Match the letters of the input text with the Database characters. 8. If characters match, then print corresponding Braille character. 9. End

Fig. 4: Cell Standard [4]

IV. Computerized Gurmukhi to Braille [7] Today is trend of computer. Every work has done through the computers. So I am doing the task of conversion of Gurmukhi to Braille because no one system is made which convert Gurmukhi to Braille. The first problem is how Gurmukhi is converted into Braille. But Bharti Braille [3] gives the idea how Indian languages are converted into Braille. Bharti Braille told map English letters with the Indian languages [5].

A. Mapping of Gurmukhi Words Input: First it tokenize: Mapping with English as shown in fig: 5.

Fig. 5: Gurmukhi to English Mapping Fig. 6: Methodology for Converting Gurmukhi to Braille V. Methodology for Converting Gurmukhi to Braille In the form of algorithm the steps as shown in fig.1.6 that are followed for the translation of Gurmukhi text to Braille is as follows. www.ijcst.com In t e r n a t i o n a l Jo u r n a l o f Co m p u t e r Sci e n c e An d Te c h n o l o g y 597 IJCST Vo l . 3, Iss u e 2, Ap r i l - Ju n e 2012 ISSN : 0976-8491 (Online) | ISSN : 2229-4333 (Print)

VI. Testing of the system The testing of the system has done for a vowels, consonants and numerals. C. Input in numerals:

A. Input in character:

Fig.1.9. Snapshot of Gurmukhi numeral to Braille

Fig. 7: Snapshot of Gurmukhi Character to Braille D. Input in Words:

B. Input in Vowel

Fig. 10: Snapshot Output of Gurmukhi Word to Braille Fig. 8: Snapshot of Gurmukhi Vowel to Braille VII. Result The system is working in Grade 1. For testing the system we have take help some internet material in Gurmukhi or online news and books in Punjabi. Testing of single characters which gives 98% accuracy, numerals gives 100%, words gives 95% and vowels

598 In t e r n a t i o n a l Jo u r n a l o f Co m p u t e r Sci e n c e An d Te c h n o l o g y www.ijcst.com ISSN : 0976-8491 (Online) | ISSN : 2229-4333 (Print) IJCST Vo l . 3, Iss u e 2, Ap r i l - Ju n e 2012 gives 96% accuracy as in fig. 11. Er. Vandana is currently pursuing her M.Tech in computer science & engineering from swami Vivekanand institute of engineering and technology, Banur. She holds the degree of computer science & engineering from Desh Bhagat engineering college from Mandi Gobindgarh. She was topper of her college during B.Tech.

Rupinderdeep Kaur is Lecturer in the department of Computer Science and Engineering at Thapar University, Patiala. She has almost two years of Fig. 11: Result Graph academic experience. She has received her B.Tech in Computer Sciences from VIII. Conclusion Chandigarh Engineering College, Mohali As in this technological era, our little efforts can help us to do and M.E. in Software Engg. Form Thapar something for the blind people. With these efforts they can not University, Patiala. Her area of interest only stand with us moreover they can see the world from letter include Natural Language Processing they read. This will help them to learn new things. The day is not and Database Management System. so long there vitually no one is blind. They can read the same materials as the sources will be there which convert anything in Nidhi Bhalla is Lecturer in the department Braille easily. As discussed in this paper, we are succeeded to make of Computer Science and Engineering at a new system which after testing can give 98% accurate results. swami Vivekanand engineering college. She has almost six years of academic IX. Future Scope experience. She has done her B.Tech In future we convert this system in Grade 2 and grade 3. By in information technology from Punjab extending the database we can enhance the performance of the technical university and M.Tech. From system. With the advent of new rules applying on the conversion lovely professional university. of Gurmukhi to Braille will automatically make the system more reliable.

References [1] Abdallah M. Abualkishik, Khairuddin Omar,“Quranic Braille System”, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 46, 2008. [2] Kenneth R. Ingham,“Braille, the Language, Its Machine Translation and Display”, IEEE Transactions on Man- Machine Systems, Vol. 10, No. 4, December 1969. [3] Bharati Braille, [Online] Available: http://www.acharya.iitm. ac.in/disabilities/bh_brl.php [4] Braille Layout and Dimensions, [Online] Available: http:// www.dots.physics.orst.edu/gs_layout.html [5] Tirthankar Dasgupta, Anuparn Basu,“A Speech Enabled Indian Language Text to Braille Transliteration System”. [6] Manzeet Singh, Parteek Bhatia,“Automated Conversion of English and Hindi Text to Braille Representation”, International Journal of Computer Applications, Vol. 4, No. 6, July 2010. [7] Alasdair King, “Text and Braille Computer Translation”, Department of Computation, 28, September 2001. [8] Xuan Zhang, Cesar Ortega-Sanchez, Fain Murray,“TEXT- TO-BRAILLE TRANSLATOR IN A CHIP”, 4th International Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering ICECE 2006, 19-21 December 2006, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

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