Part II Clean Sky: Spearheading Innovation in European

Gérard Maoui INNOVATION TAKES OFF Clean Sky European research for aeronautics Gérard Maoui INNOVATION TAKES OFF Clean Sky European research for aeronautics Editorial direction : Aline Chabreuil and Véronique Lefebvre Editorial coordination : Alix de Sanderval, with Matthieu Beugnard Illustrations : Caroline Pochoy Graphics : Corinne Liger / Tribute to Alfred ISBN : 978-2-7491-5232-5 © Le cherche midi éditeur, 2016 23, rue du cherche midi 75006 PARIS Subscribe to our newsletter to receive previews of our latest news: www.cherche-midi.com preface here is no doubt today that technological innovation is Furthermore, the ever-growing international air are public-private partnerships in which research and T one of the keys of tomorrow’s prosperity and the response transport sector, even if it offers considerable industrial innovation activities are co-funded, on an equal basis, by to environmental and energy challenges. It is equally the opportunities, also includes a categorical imperative: the the European Union and industry partners. In this way, best possible response to the trend of deindustrialisation environment. We must succeed in achieving this growth to the link between research and market expectations is currently affecting Europe. Our continent, our Union, has a the maximum, without increasing aviation’s contribution to ensured. Research thus goes on to achieve its ultimate culture, an intellectual potential of incomparable know-how global warming or noise pollution in proximity to airports. goal: demonstrating the validity of technologies in real- that is enriched by its diversity. The question at hand is This is a civic and economic necessity which hinges once life conditions. It seems to me that the principle of these how to mobilise these latent strengths, and to reinforce again upon technological innovation. Yet, in the worldwide partnerships is to provide inspiration for innovation where it them throughout the different stages of research until the issue of “decarbonisation”, Europe, as we know, also plays is the most promising, in an environment of full knowledge creation of new products and their marketing. a driving role. Aeronautics and the environment are clearly and information. two areas of action for Europe that can only be described Research is clearly the essential and fundamental starting as promising. Let us add that the Energy Union, a strong Clean Sky involves the entire European aeronautics sector. point of technological innovation. While innovation focus of the Union’s current policy, can only benefit from The list of participants of every kind - universities, SMEs, sometimes benefits from the spark of genius, with a helping the progress and the ripple effects of aviation, which is major industrial leaders - is impressive. This book, which hand from luck, it could not exist without the long scientific a low energy consumer in relative terms and a moderate describes its genesis and organisation, also puts forward its effort that composes its framework. The European Union contributor to CO2 emissions, but which is nevertheless ambitions and technical successes. Clean Sky is a concept authorities, aware of this reasoning, have already invested a rich and influential sector due to the requirements that functions remarkably well and should be perpetuated. for years in research “framework programmes” up to the specific to the difficult art of flying, and its considerable most recent phase to date, Horizon 2020. Since 2014, this has technological dynamic that has potential repercussions in I encourage Clean Sky to persevere in its still recent translated into a considerable increase in funding, in addition other areas. cooperation dynamic with the European Structural Funds, to deeper reflection, particularly on the part of the European which are allocated to the regions and which the Union’s Commission, on its structuring. Scientific excellence, a The importance of public research funding for the updated strategy plans to direct more towards innovation. response to societal challenges, and industrial leadership development of aeronautics no longer needs to be As for the national level, Clean Sky’s existence in no way are the key words of this public funding. It is indispensible demonstrated. The very broad geographic extent of this put an end to national aeronautics R&T programmes. Quite that this effort be, in the future, protected from budgetary sector’s value chain now makes the European framework the contrary: it had a ripple effect on them. This also vicissitudes and political risks, because research is a long- the most efficient level of this support. Both the European deserves emphasis. term undertaking that needs, above all, continuity. Commission and the industry at large are well aware of this. From the start of the 2000s, they have worked on the In these difficult times, when the confidence of European There is a field among all others in which Europe excels: creation of an original concept, backed with significant citizens in the European Union is being questioned, it seems aeronautics. In almost every one of its segments, its industry funding and focused on meeting the challenges of the to me that initiatives like Clean Sky show that the Union can, is ranked first or second worldwide, making a strong 21st century: Clean Sky, the public-private aeronautics together, undertake what is best, demonstrating its added contribution to the Union’s exports. But resting on these partnership. value and therefore legitimacy through its very leadership, laurels, hard-earned though they may be, would be fatal. pooling and uniting Nation States, several of which share a From the United States of course, but also from China and We must, more generally, praise the vision of the European glorious - sometime jealous, but never refuted - history in other countries, the competition, in a globalised sector if Commission in this industrial research sector, which led terms of aviation. ever there was one, is growing fiercer and sharper. In such it in 2007 to propose the creation of “Joint Technology a high-tech field, nothing is more critical in competition Initiatives” in various sectors ranging from aeronautics to than technological excellence and relevant innovation, biotechnologies and electronics, which were later enlarged implemented at the right time and with the right objectives. in 2014 in the framework of Horizon 2020. All of them Pascal Lamy part I part II cIvIl aeronautIcs: clean sky: spearheadIng europe on the leadIng InnovatIon In european aeronautIcs 61 edge of InnovatIon 12 1 Clean Sky: innovating together 63 ThE need for EurOpE to SuppOrT innovation 63 Foreword 11 Clean SKy: A Clear step forwArd in aeronautics researCh 65 A uniquE Organisation 67 1 Aeronautics, a universe of excellence 15 2 An industrial approach to research 77 ThE story of aviation: A story of innovation 15 AEronautics: an industry focused on ThE long term 21 ThE innovation valuE Chain 77 ThE plAyErS in aeronautics 28 Clean SKy’S mAjOr prOgrAmmes 80 SIx integrated technolOgy dEmonstratorS (ITDs), pIllArS of Clean SKy researCh 82 2 Sustainable development, key to tomorrow’s Innovative prOjects 109 air transport 35 3 Clean Sky 2, European aeronautics FOreseeablE grOwTh 35 Environmental Objectives for researCh 41 research on the march AIr TranspOrT in 2050 48 3 Europe, driving innovation 55 Annexes 133 FrAmEwOrK prOgrAmmes in researCh 55 Credits 138 AbOuT Joint TechnolOgy Initiatives (jTIs) 56 HorIzon 2020 prOgrAmmE Objectives 57 EurOpean aeronautics, an innovative sector 59 foreword lean Sky, a major technological research programme, is a spontaneous defiance towards the “complexity” of the Cabove all a wonderful European adventure. “Innovation European scale. Well, at the completion of what is now takes off,” yes, for a formation flight in which wide-bodied called Clean Sky 1, everyone can observe that most of the aircraft, medium-haul aeroplanes, regional propeller planes, demonstrators originally planned were clearly there, that helicopters, corporate jets and even four-seat air taxis the environmental objectives were met (virtually, because co-exist. The new technologies that these aircraft take what remained by definition, beyond Clean Sky, was to on-board come from the four corners of Europe, from over 600 include the technologies demonstrated in commercial different entities, universities, research institutes, SMEs or products). It can also be seen that the European Commission, large industries. This involves thousands of men and women, without which this initiative would not have existed, was engineers and researchers, for whom the European Union is able to provide it with the autonomy needed for a genuine the frame for their professional cooperation, their everyday flexibility of operational functioning, while the European life and their success, the whole borne by a large-scale Council and Parliament contributed an unfailing political environmental ambition in terms of CO2 emissions and noise. and budgetary support to it. Better yet, the start-up of Clean Sky 2 in 2014, with a more than doubled budget – 4 billion Clean Sky’s backbone is composed of its integrated euros in total – is the best proof of the confidence granted demonstrators: the industrial convergence of various by the political and industrial decision-makers. technologies affecting, for example, materials, aerodynamics, and electrical equipment on-board the same experimental Clean Sky 1, Clean Sky 2…I dare not imagine that the next aeroplane or in a single

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