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Woodwardia Radicans (L.) Sm INFORMATORE BOTANICO ITALIANO, 40 SUPPL. 1, 2008 129 Flora da conservare: implementazione delle categorie e dei criteri IUCN (2001) per la redazione di nuove Liste Rosse PIANTE VASCOLARI:PTERIDOFITE Cheilanthes persica (Bory) Mett. ex Kuhn G. ROSSI e R. GENTILI Nomenclatura: Le fitocenosi in cui cresce sono riferibili soprattutto Specie: Cheilanthes persica (Bory) Mett. ex Kuhn alla classe Asplenietea trichomanis; tuttavia la specie si Sinonimi: Notholaena persica Bory, Cheilanthes ritrova anche in consorzi in cui sono presenti nume- szovitsii Fisch. et C.A. Mey ex Hohen., Acrosti- rose specie dei prati aridi, con aspetti della classe chum microphyllum Bertol. Festuco-B rometea. Il pH del suolo dei siti di crescita Famiglia: Sinopteridaceae varia da neutro a debolemente alcalino (tra 6,8 e Nome comune: Felcetta persiana 7,5), mentre il contenuto in calcare, seppur variabi- le, è generalmente piuttosto elevato (da 14% a 50% Descrizione. Fronda alta 5-12 cm (max 20 cm), circa) (ROSSI,BONAFEDE, 1995). fascicolata, picciolo di poco inferiore alla lamina; Dal punto di vista ecofisiologico la specie si può defi- quest’ultima è di forma triangolare, 3-4 pennatoset- nire come decisamente xerofila, avendo lamina foglia- ta, con le ultime divisioni di piccole dimensioni, re ridotta nonché indice di succulenza elevato e rotondeggianti e sessili; pinnule 1-2 volte completa- parenchima a palizzata ben sviluppato.Sopporta con- mente divise in segmenti ovali o subrotondi. dizioni di forte perdita d’acqua e subisce nel mese di Pseudoindusio stretto, con lunghe ciglia flessuose. luglio una fase di disidratazione (con diminuzione Densa pubescenza diffusa della pagina inferiore della della superficie della fronda di circa la metà), in ago- fronda e piccole dimensioni delle cellule del mesofil- sto una fase di disseccazione ed in settembre una fase lo (PIGNATTI, 1982; TUTIN et al., 1993; BONAFEDE et di reidratazione. Il contenuto in clorofilla è molto ele- al., 2001; MARCHETTI, 2004). vato, con un rapporto clorofilla a/b assai alto (circa 3) che permette di definire la specie come pianta eliofi- Biologia. C. persica è un’emicriptofita rizomatosa la. Nel corso dell’anno, i massimi valori di attività rosulata, le cui spore maturano in luglio (PIGNATTI, fotosintetica si hanno tra i mesi di aprile e maggio, 1982). nella fase di maturità della fronda. Quando la tempe- La specie presenta numero cromosomico: 2n = 60 ratura dell’aria raggiunge valori intorno a circa 31 °C (FERRARINI et al., 1986). la conduttanza stomatica e l’attività fotosintetica decrescono di circa 1/3 (GRATANI et al., 1998). Ecologia. La specie cresce in ambienti xerici, a quote comprese tra 100 e 510 m, in Italia solo su substrato Distribuzione in Italia. gessoso-calcareo, in tutte le esposizioni, con predile- Regione biogeografica: la specie ricade interamente nel zione per il N, NE, NW, dove si trovano le popolazio- settore fitogeografico Padano, provincia della ni più ricche per numero di individui e per dimensio- Pianura Padana, Regione Eurosiberiana (PEDROTTI, ne degli stessi. E’ presente, in prevalenza, in ambienti 1996). rupicoli, dove vegeta nelle fessure delle rocce. Inoltre, Regione amministrativa :Emilia-Romagna. si può rinvenire anche in condizioni semirupicole a Numero di stazioni: in totale sono state censite (all’a- minor inclinazione, in piccole nicchie originate dagli prile 2007) 16 piccole stazioni, in provincia di intensi fenomeni di alterazione superficiale del sub- Ravenna, nel Preappennino romagnolo, in corri- strato e su ripiani, che corrispondono alle testate di spondenza della così detta “Vena del Gesso”, tra strati rocciosi. L’ambito generale di crescita, data la Borgo Tassignano (Bologna) e Brisighella (ROSSI, quota, rientra in formazioni boschive termofile a BONAFEDE, 1995; I. Fabbri, Brisighella, comunicaz. dominanza di Quercus pubescens Willd., con Ostrya pers.). Il tratto interessato dalla presenza della specie carpinifolia Scop. e Fraxinus ornus L., localmente con è però limitato tra Borgo Rivola e la località Cà di Pistacia terebinthus L. e Q uercus ilex L. La specie colo- Sasso, tra i torrenti Senio e Sintria, in provincia di nizza con successo anche ambienti di origine antropi- Ravenna. ca, come muretti a secco o scarpate stradali, anche se La prima stazione italiana fu rinvenuta sul M. Mauro in tempi piuttosto lunghi (ROSSI,BONAFEDE, 1995). nel 1833 da G. Tassinari, farmacista di Imola. 130 INFORMATORE BOTANICO ITALIANO, 40 SUPPL. 1, 2008 Questo dato, tuttavia, è noto, in letteratura, solo dal favorirla. 1995 (ROSSI,BONAFEDE, 1995) Successivamente Minaccia 10.1: Recreation/tourism . Vari siti di cresci- venne trovato un secondo sito di crescita, alla base ta, nella zona di M. Mauro si trovano in corrispon- del M. della Volpe, alla stretta di Rivola (PAMPANINI, denza di sentieri molto frequentati da escursionisti, 1905; PAMPANINI,BACCARINI, 1906). Quest’ultimo che potrebbero minacciare C. persica a causa dell’in- sito attualmente non è più esistente a causa dello tenso calpestio. Tale fenomeno sembra in crescita e sfruttamento minerario dell’area (ROSSI,BONAFEDE, potrebbe aggravarsi in un futuro anche prossimo, in 1995). Adriano FIORI nella sua flora (1923-29), con- relazione al prevedibile incremento di presenze turi- fermò i precedenti ritrovamenti. Nel 1957 sul ver- stiche legate all’istituzione del nuovo parco regiona- sante nord del M. della Volpe, nella zona della grot- le, in cui ricade l’area. ta nota come “Tana del Re Tiberio”, fu rinvenuta un’altra popolazione da BERTOLANI-MARCHETTI Criteri IUCN applicati. (1958). Altre stazioni furono segnalate da In base ai dati disponibili sono stati applicati i crite- CORBETTA,ZANOTTI-CENSONI (1981) e da ROSSI ri d’indicizzazione B e D. (1981) a M. Mauro. ROSSI,BONAFEDE (1995) fecero ulteriori ritrovamenti nelle zone di Cà di Sasso, M. Criterio B Mauro e M. Incisa, nonché riconfermarono le prece- Sottocriteri denti stazioni storiche della specie. Una stazione non B1-Areale (EOO): 2,3 Km2. nota in letteratura e da noi verificata (G. R.) recente- B2-Superficie occupata (AOO): 8 Km2. mente ci è stata comunicata da I. Fabbri, nel versan- Opzioni te nord di M. Mauro, non lontano dalla casa coloni- a) Numero di location: 2. ca “Il Poggiolo”, a circa 250 m di quota, in esposizio- b) (iii) Qualità degli habitat: sospetto declino degli ne NW, non lontano dalla Sorgente del Rio Basino. habitat a disposizione a seguito dell’evoluzione natu- Qui è stata trovata da I. F. nel gennaio 2007 e consi- rale del bosco di roverella e secondariamente a causa ste in una ricca popolazione, con oltre 100 individui di fenomeni legati all’attività umana (cave, calpestio (stimati con conteggio speditivo). Erroneamente turistico). alcuni autori supposero, in passato, che la specie fosse estinta, notizia poi riportata in varie flore e Criterio D atlanti (ZANGHERI, 1964; JALAS,SUOMINEN, 1972; Sottocriteri PIGNATTI, 1982; PAVAN, 1992). D2-Popolazioni a distribuzione limitata: AOO infe- riore a 20 Km2 e numero di location inferiore a 5. Tipo corologico e areale globale. Specie NE Mediterraneo - Turanica presente in Italia (estremo Categoria di rischio. occidentale dell’areale globale), Penisola Balcanica Criterio B - La specie si trova al limite estremo dell’a- (Dalmazia), Isole Egee, Creta, Crimea, Anatolia, reale e per l’Italia ha distribuzione molto circoscritta, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Kashmir (FERRARINI et al., trovandosi solo in corrispondenza degli affioramenti 1986 ; TUTIN et al., 1993). della Vena del Gesso, in 16 microstazioni molto rav- vicinate tra loro, distribuite su 2 location, minacciate Minacce. Minaccia 1.3.1: Habitat loss/degradation, dall’espansione del bosco di roverella o per attività extraction, mining . Una delle prime stazioni segnala- umana (fenomeni connessi all’attività estrattiva, rac- te scomparve a seguito dell’attività estrattiva, molto colta di campioni, evoluzione naturale del bosco, intensa nella zona di Borgo Rivola, a M. Tondo fin ecc.). Categoria di rischio: Critically Endangered, CR quasi a M. della Volpe. A tutt’oggi alcune stazioni, B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii). confinanti con l’area di cava, sono minacciate di Criterio D -A causa di eventi stocastici o per attività scomparsa, per possibile instabilità delle pareti roc- umana potrebbe ricadere, in un futuro incerto e nel- ciose su cui cresce la specie. l’arco di un breve periodo di tempo, in una delle Minaccia 3.5: Cultural/scientific/leisure activities. La categorie di minaccia superiori (IUCN, 2006). specie è stata in passato più volte oggetto di raccolta Categoria di rischio: la specie ricade nella categoria indiscriminata ad opera di collezionisti e di ricercato- Vulnerable,VU D2. ri per un suo utilizzo a scopo scientifico, tra cui la notevole quantità di campioni d’erbario prodotti e Interazioni con la popolazione globale. Le stazioni depositati presso numerosi erbari italiani ed europei più prossime a quelle italiane si trovano al di là del (ROSSI,BONAFEDE, 1995; BONAFEDE et al., 2001). Mar Adriatico, in varie località della Penisola Minaccia 8.1: Change in native species dynamics /com- Balcanica, sulle isole e sulle coste della Dalmazia in petitors .Nelle aree limitrofe a quelle in cui cresce la Croazia, ad una distanza di circa 400 Km in linea specie, il bosco termofilo a Quercus pubescens e Ostrya d’aria (cfr. TUTIN et al., 1993). Trattandosi di specie carpinifolia, un tempo periodicamente ceduato, sta anemofila sporigena, non si esclude, tuttavia, che vi evolvendo naturalmente e ricolonizzando vaste possano essere scambi genetici; pertanto si propone il superfici, a scapito degli habitat di crescita aperti e downgrading da CR a EN. assolati, di C. persica; tuttavia, quando la specie cre- sce in situazioni estreme di esposizione sud, l’om- Status alla scala “regionale”: EN B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii); breggiamento di alberi o arbusti isolati invece sembra - status alla scala globale: Not Evaluated (NE); Flora da conservare: implementazione delle categorie e dei criteri IUCN (2001) per la redazione di nuove Liste Rosse 131 - precedente attribuzione a livello nazionale: Monte Mauro (Preappennino Faentino) . Natura e Vulnerable ( V) (CONTI et al., 1992, 1997).
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