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Blechnaceae (PDF) This PDF version does not have an ISBN or ISSN and is not therefore effectively published (Melbourne Code, Art. 29.1). The printed version, however, was effectively published on 6 June 2013. Wang, F. G., F. W. Xing, S. Y. Dong & M. Kato. 2013. Blechnaceae. Pp. 411–417 in Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong, eds., Flora of China, Vol. 2–3 (Pteridophytes). Beijing: Science Press; St. Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden Press. BLECHNACEAE 乌毛蕨科 wu mao jue ke Wang Faguo (王发国)1, Xing Fuwu (邢福武)1, Dong Shiyong (董仕勇)1; Masahiro Kato2 Plants mostly terrestrial, sometimes tree ferns (like small trees), rarely scandent. Rhizome mostly erect, or creeping or scandent, usually dictyostelic (Stenochlaena meristelic), scales brown, entire. Fronds monomorphic or dimorphic, mostly long stipitate; stipe with 2 to several vascular bundles, scaly at base; lamina pinnate, pinnatifid, or bipinnatifid, rarely simple, thickly papery to leathery, glabrous or usually with small scales; pinnae rarely articulate to rachis (Stenochlaena); veins free or anastomosing with 1 or more series of areoles, without included free veinlets. Sori elongate or continuous along vascular network or commissure on either side of midrib, indusiate, rarely exindusiate, rarely acrostichoid; indusium facing toward costa or costule; annulus longitudinal, interrupted. Spores elliptic, bilateral, monolete. About (2–)14 genera and ca. 250 species: worldwide, but with greatest diversity in the S tropics; eight genera and 14 species (one endemic) in China. Stenochlaena has been separated as the sole genus of Stenochlaenaceae or Blechnaceae subfamily Stenochlaenoideae. Christenhusz et al. (Phy- totaxa 19: 48–49. 2011) listed seven genera of Blechnaceae but indicated that the actual number of genera was very uncertain and could be anywhere between two and nine, depending mainly on a better understanding of Blechnum. Shing Kunghsia. 1990. Stenochlaenaceae. In: Ching Renchang & Shing Kunghsia, eds., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 3(1): 94–97; Wu Shiew- hung. 1999. Blechnaceae. In: Wu Shiew-hung, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 4(2): 192–215. 1a. Tree ferns with erect trunklike stem, up to ca. 1 m tall. 2a. Stem 1–2 cm in diam.; lamina bipinnatifid; sori indusiate, discrete ................................................................ 4. Diploblechnum 2b. Stem 10–15 cm in diam.; lamina pinnate; sori exindusiate, covering pinna surface .................................................. 5. Brainea 1b. Rhizome creeping to suberect; plants not like tree ferns. 3a. Sori acrostichoid with sporangia covering entire abaxial surface of fertile pinna; pinnae articulate at junction with rachis; rhizome scales peltate, ca. 1 mm, caducous ....................................................................... 8. Stenochlaena 3b. Sori distinct, covered by indusia when young; pinnae not articulate; rhizome scales basifixed, 4 mm or more, often persistent. 4a. Sori at least partially discrete, parallel to costules and sometimes also costae and rachis. 5a. Rhizome short and erect; stipes tufted; pinnae separate, rachis terete; sori in lines parallel to costules, discrete ....................................................................................................................................... 6. Woodwardia 5b. Rhizome creeping; stipes distant; pinnae connected by narrow wing along rachis; sori along rachis and costae almost continuous, those along costules ± discrete ................................................... 7. Chieniopteris 4b. Sori forming continuous coenosori along costa of lateral pinnae. 6a. Plants epiphytic or epilithic; fronds distant; veins anastomosing ............................................................ 2. Blechnidium 6b. Plants terrestrial; fronds clustered; veins free. 7a. Fronds monomorphic; pinnae broad ...................................................................................................... 1. Blechnum 7b. Fronds dimorphic; fertile pinnae very narrow, almost absent ......................................................... 3. Struthiopteris 1. BLECHNUM Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1077. 1753. 乌毛蕨属 wu mao jue shu Wang Faguo (王发国), Xing Fuwu (邢福武); Masahiro Kato Blechnopsis C. Presl. Plants terrestrial, moderate-sized or large. Rhizome usually erect or ascending, stout, dictyostelic, densely scaly; scales dark brown to brown, glossy, lanceolate, entire, basifixed. Fronds clustered, long stipitate; stipe robust, scaly at base, above naked; lamina pinnate, with reduced auricular lower pinnae, leathery; pinnae entire, linear, margin entire or serrulate; terminal pinna entire, similar to lateral pinnae; veins free, parallel, simple or forked. Sori linear, forming long coenosori adjacent and parallel to costa; indu- sium attached to commissure, facing toward costa; annulus longitudinal, interrupted, of 14–28 cells. Spores elliptic, usually smooth, with perispore. Up to 200 species including species of Struthiopteris, which is usually synonymized under Blechnum: pantropical; one species in China. Smith et al. (Taxon 55: 716. 2006) and Christenhusz et al. (Phytotaxa 19: 48–49. 2011) include the three following genera, Blechnidium, Struthiopteris, and Diploblechnum, within Blechnum. 1 South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510650, People’s Republic of China. 2 Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Amakubo 4-1-1, Tsukuba 305-0005, Japan. 411 412 BLECHNACEAE 1. Blechnum orientale Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1077. 1753. Exposed shrubby or low hillsides; 200–1000 m. Chongqing, Fu- jian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Si- 乌毛蕨 wu mao jue chuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan; tropical Asia, Aus- Blechnopsis orientalis (Linnaeus) C. Presl. tralia, Pacific islands]. Rhizome dark brown, erect, short, densely scaly; scales Reviewer Christenhusz notes that, in an unpublished molecular dark brown at center, brown near margin, narrowly linear, ca. 1 phylogeny, Blechnum orientale is more closely related to the New cm, entire. Stipe 10–60 cm, 3–10 mm in diam., base dark World genus Salpichlaena J. Smith and to Stenochlaena than Blech- brown and covered with scales as rhizome; lamina imparipin- num s.s., typified by B. occidentale Linnaeus, or Struthiopteris s.s., nate, monomorphic, ovate-lanceolate, 55–100 × 20–60 cm, sub- represented by B. spicant (Linnaeus) Roth. leathery; pinnae numerous, close, alternate; lower ones con- Plants with cristate apices to the lateral pinnae have been called tracted to small rounded auricles, 0.3–1 cm; upper ones oblique, “Blechnum orientale var. cristatum” (冠羽乌毛蕨 guan yu wu mao distant, linear or linear-lanceolate, 10–30 × 0.8–1.8 cm, base jue), but that name appears not to have been validly published. It has sessile, rounded or subtruncate, or adnate, decurrent to rachis on been attributed to J. Smith, but it is not mentioned in the publication basiscopic side, gradually narrowed to acuminate apex, terminal cited in FRPS, i.e., Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herald 10: 427. 1857 (in- pinna similar to middle pinnae; veins free, parallel, simple or correctly cited as “Bot. Beechey Voy. 1”), which refers only to B. forked near costa, close. 2n = 66. orientale. 2. BLECHNIDIUM T. Moore, Brit. Ferns 2: 210. 1860. 乌木蕨属 wu mu jue shu Wang Faguo (王发国), Xing Fuwu (邢福武); Masahiro Kato Plants epiphytic, small to moderate-sized. Rhizome creeping, dark brown, dictyostelic, densely scaly; scales rufous, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate. Fronds distant, long stipitate; stipe grooved adaxially, sparsely scaly at base; lamina pectinately pinnatisect, lanceolate in outline, subleathery, both surfaces glabrous; pinnae adnate, oblong, margin entire, apex subacute or obtuse; lower few pairs of pinnae shorter; veins anastomosing with 1–3 rows of areoles. Sori linear, forming coenosori adjacent and parallel to costa; indusium attached to commissure, facing toward costa. Spores elliptic, with perispore. One species: China, India, Myanmar. Blechnidium is most closely related to Struthiopteris and isolated from the rest. It is included within Blechnum by Christenhusz et al. (Phytotaxa 19: 34. 2011). 1. Blechnidium melanopus (Hooker) T. Moore, Brit. Ferns 2: in diam., grooved adaxially, sparsely scaly at base; lamina 210. 1860. brownish green when dry, lanceolate, 15–25 × 3–7 cm, sub- leathery, both surfaces glabrous, gradually narrowed to base, 乌木蕨 wu mu jue pectinate, acuminate; pinnae 15–25 pairs, adnate; middle ones oblong, usually subfalcate, 1.5–5 × 0.5–1 cm, entire, subacute Blechnum melanopus Hooker, Sp. Fil. 3: 64. 1859; Blech- or obtuse; lower pinnae shortened, 0.4–1.3 cm; veins inconspic- nidium plagiogyriifrons (Hayata) Hayata; Blechnum plagio- uous, anastomosing with 1–3 rows of hexagonal areoles. Sori gyriifrons Hayata. linear, adjacent and parallel to costa; indusium attached to com- Rhizome dark brown, long creeping, ca. 3 mm in diam., missure, linear, facing toward costa. Spores elliptic, with peri- densely scaly; scales rufous, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, ca. spore. 5 mm, membranous, subentire, acuminate or fibriform. Fronds Epiphytic on tree trunks or epilithic in forests; 800–2800 m. distant, long stipitate; stipe dark brown, 12–25 cm, ca. 1 mm Guizhou (Guiding), Taiwan, Yunnan [India, Myanmar]. 3. STRUTHIOPTERIS Scopoli, Meth. Pl. 25. 1754. 荚囊蕨属 jia nang jue shu Wang Faguo (王发国), Xing Fuwu (邢福武); Masahiro Kato Plants epilithic. Rhizome erect or ascending, short, dictyostelic, scaly; scales brown, linear or lanceolate, entire. Fronds tufted,
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