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Full Document in PDF Format רמה כ ז מל ו תשר מה ו ד י ע י ן ( למ מ" ) רמה כרמ כ ז ז מל מה ו י תשר עד מל מה ו ד ו י ד ע י י ע ן י ן ו ל ( רט למ ו מ" ר ) כרמ ז מה י ד עד ע מל ו ד י ע י ן ול רט ו ר Green Without Borders: a Lebanese environmental organization that collaborates with Hezbollah and supports its activity near the Israeli border February 19, 2020 Overview Green Without Borders is a Lebanese environmental organization dealing mostly with forestation. It operates in areas populated mainly by Hezbollah-controlled Shi'ites in south Lebanon and the Beqa'a Valley. An examination conducted by the ITIC revealed that the organization collaborates with Hezbollah's civilian institutions, especially the Jihad al-Bina1 (the "construction foundation") and the Hezbollah Association for Municipal Activity. Green Without Borders participates in Hezbollah's campaign to glorify its shaheeds and turn them into role models for Lebanese youth. To that end Green Without Borders plants trees, some of them near the Israeli border, named for Hezbollah shaheeds, in collaboration with Hezbollah institutions and operatives. Green Without Borders' chairman, Hajj Zuhair Nahle, a Shi'ite from Nabatieh in south Lebanon, is affiliated with Hezbollah. In his Facebook profile he refers to his loyalty to Iranian leader Ali Khamenei. Right: Hajj Zuhair Nahle, Green Without Borders chairman (Facebook profile, January 9, 2015). Left: Iranian leader Ali Khamenei as he appears on Nahle's Facebook page: "I give my love and loyalty to Ali Khamenei," plus a hashtag "I am in favor of the Governance of the Islamic Jurist" (Facebook profile of Hajj Zuhair Nahle, January 2, 2018). 1 A Hezbollah foundation engaged in construction and social projects. 034-20 2 The Green Without Borders logo (Green Without Borders website, January 24, 2014). Green Without Borders operates a number of forward facilities near the Israeli- Lebanese border which Hezbollah uses for its own activities. In June 2017 and October 2018 the IDF spokesman reported that the organization's facilities and activities near the Israeli border serve as a front for Hezbollah military operatives disguised as civilians and in violation of UN Security Council Resolution 1701.2 Danny Danon, the Israeli ambassador to the UN, lodged a complaint with the Security Council but the UN rejected it, based on UNIFIL reports claiming it had no evidence to support Israel's accusation. The Green Without Borders facilities exist along the border to this day. In ITIC assessment Hezbollah continues to use them to camouflage its activities in the area close to the border. Nevertheless, UNIFIL reports continue to claim that no evidence has been found of violations of Security Council Resolution 1701 in Green Without Borders facilities (while behind the scene Hezbollah prevents UNIFIL patrols from conducting genuine examinations of Green Without Borders' facilities). On September 1, 2019, Hezbollah operatives fired two anti-tank missiles at the IDF near the community of Avivim in response to an IDF attack in Syria. UNIFIL, which examined the incident, estimated that based on technical data the missiles were fired from a site close to two adjacent Green Without Borders sites in Maroun al-R'as (north of Avivim) (based on UN Secretary General's report about the implementation of Security Council Resolution 1701 for June-October 2019). (See below.) 2 UN Security Council Resolution 1701, passed on August 12, 2006, called for the institution of full Lebanese sovereignty of all of Lebanon and the disarmament of all militias, Lebanese (i.e., Hezbollah and other armed Lebanese organizations) and non-Lebanese (i.e., Palestinian terrorist organizations). According to the resolution the area of south Lebanon from the Litani River to the border would have particular security arrangements that would prevent an armed Hezbollah presence. For further information, see the December 19, 2018 ITIC bulletin "Security Council Resolution 1701 and Its Systematic Violation by Hezbollah and Iran." 034-20 3 Paragraph 6 of the UN Secretary General's report about the implementation of Security Council Resolution 1701 for June-October 2019. (ITIC emphasis throughout.) Contents Contents: Overview of the Green Without Borders organization IDF reports and Israeli complaint to the UN regarding Hezbollah's use of Green Without Borders facilities Examples of collaboration between Green Without Borders and Hezbollah's civilian institutions Hajj Zuhair Nahle, chairman of Green Without Borders Green Without Borders – Overview The Green Without Borders organization is the National Organization for the Preservation and Development of the Forest, Environment and Animal Resources. The organization is a registered NGO which has operated with a Lebanese interior ministry permit since June 20, 2013. It deals with environmental issues, focusing on the forestry. Its activities include planting trees, cleaning, establishing public parks, operating nurseries and locating and fighting forest fires. Its chairman is Hajj Zuhair Nahle, who is affiliated with Hezbollah (see below). 034-20 4 Right: Green Without Borders operatives in uniform (Oh Tyre! website, April 19, 2015) Their hats and shoulder patches bear the Green Without Borders logo. The color of the uniforms is similar to that of the local forest rangers in some of the Lebanese towns. Left: Khalil Lubani, father of Hezbollah shaheed Mahdi Lubani,3 wearing a Green Without Borders uniform (Instagram account dedicated to the memory of Mahdi Lubani, November 28, 2015). Between 2013 and 2015 Green Without Borders operatives pruned about 140 acres of woodland, manned at least eight facilities for locating and fighting forest fires, helped extinguish hundreds of fires and planted about 160,000 saplings in exposed areas and on road shoulders. In addition, the organization held 34 courses and workshops attended by about 570 volunteers (about 8,500 volunteers participated in all the activities held by the organization during those years). According to the organization, by November 2018 it had participated in planting 1,200,000 trees (Green Without Borders website, January 22, 2014 and April 30, 2015; Imam al-Mahdi Scouts website, November 25, 2018). Green Without Borders sign for a tree-planting project along the Wadi al-Salouqi road south of the Litani River (local news website of Arazi, November 20, 2018) 3 Hezbollah operative from the town of Ayta al-Shab in southwestern Lebanon, killed in the fighting in Syria in January 2014 (in al-Ghouta al-Sharqia near Damascus). 034-20 5 Green Without Borders' activity is focused in regions where there is a clear Shi'ite majority, including south Lebanon and the Beqa'a Valley (website of the Jihad al-Bina, February 18 and 27, 2014; al-Ahed news website, January 22, 2015). It operates facilities whose functions include locating and fighting forest fires. Some of the facilities can be found south of the Litani River in Wadi al-Salouqi, Ramyeh, Maroun al-R'as and Yaroun (UN Secretary General's report about the implementation of Security Council Resolution 1701 for 2018-2019; Bint Jbeil local new website, July 17, 2019; Twitter account of the union of the Jbeil-Amal municipalities, August 4, 2019). IDF Reports and Israeli Complaint to the UN regarding Hezbollah's Use of Green Without Borders Facilities In June 2017 the IDF spokesman reported that Green Without Borders' facilities near the Israeli border serve as camouflage for Hezbollah operatives, including their conducting of surveillance near the border (IDF spokesman's website, June 22, 2017). Speaking at a Herzliya Conference, Herzl Levi, at the time head of IDF military intelligence, said that Hezbollah was only a "stone's throw" from the Israeli border. He added that under the aegis of Green Without Borders Hezbollah had successfully situated itself "on the [border] fence" (IDF website, June 22, 2017). In October 2018 the IDF spokesman exposed another Green Without Borders facility in the village of al-Adeisse (west of Israeli Kibbutz Misgav Am). Danny Danon, the Israeli ambassador to the UN, sent the members of the Security Council pictures of the Green Without Borders facilities and a map of the facilities near the border, and demanded that the Lebanese government be ordered to dismantle them immediately. However, UNIFIL patrols which were sent to examine the facilities found nothing. According to a source in the IDF's Northern Command, Hezbollah prevented the UN forces from examining the sites, claiming they were on private property (IDF website, October 28, 2018). 034-20 6 Right: A Green Without Borders facility with the organization's logo (Twitter account of Danny Danon, Israeli ambassador to the UN, June 22, 2017). Left: Green Without Borders facility near the Israeli border (IDF spokesman's website, June 22, 2020). Green Without Borders facility near the Israeli border. At the left is the organization's logo and a barred window behind which is a man looking through binoculars (IDF website, October 28, 2020). 034-20 7 Enlargement of the window of the Green Without Borders facility, behind which is a man looking through binoculars (IDF website, October 28, 2020). The UN Security Council rejected Israel's claims, noting that UNIFIL reports proved that the organization dealt with environmental preservation and that there was no proof of Israel's claims (al-Kawthar TV, June 24, 2017). Following Israel's claims and exposure of the Green Without Borders facilities, the director of Lebanese General Directorate of General Security, General Abbas Ibrahim, paid a visit to a Green Without Borders' facility in south Lebanon according to its chairman, Hajj Zuhair Nahle, representatives of the Lebanese army and former UNIFIL commander Michael Beary. They formed an impression of the organization's activity, heard an elaborate explanation about its tree-planting, environmental preservation, fire-fighting activity, etc.
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