Islam: the Religion of the Jew

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Islam: the Religion of the Jew 1 Islam: the Religion of The Jew New writings of Joy of Satan ministry and members on topic of Islam, which were not included in the book “Exposing the Lie of Islam” by High Priestess Zildar Raasi http://exposingthelieofislam.weebly.com/ "A Gentile girl who is three years old can be sexually violated." -Qboda Sarah 37a "A Jew may violate but not marry a non-Jewish girl." -Maimonides, Jak. Chasaka 2:2 "A Jew may do to a non-Jew female whatever he can do. He may treat her as he treats a piece of meat." -Hadarine, 20, B; Schulchan Qruch, Choszen Hamiszpat 348 "A Jew may misuse the non-Jew female in her state of unbelief." -Moses Maimonides (“The RaMBaM”), Jak. Chasaka 2:2 Muslims are Jews’ natural allies in Europe – Rabbi Pinchas Goldschmidt 2 Preface Islam has murdered almost three hundred million people and enslaved millions in its history of literal constant warfare. Its whole history is non stop violence and war. It destroyed anything of higher civilization left in the Roman Empire, burned 90 percent of all the books from the West to India. It even created a shit philosophy during its claimed Golden Age in Baghdad that the laws of nature don't exist and there is no law of cause and effect. You can't even have basic science with that. There was no real golden age of science or knowledge the Islamic's literally destroyed all that and then claimed to preserve it in their lying history. Now we are seeing in the recent events in France with the murder of 12 people by a pair of Muslim's. - High Priest Mageson666 3 Contents Islam: the Religion of The Jew ................................................................................ 1 Preface ................................................................................................................... 2 Contents ................................................................................................................. 3 Islam... by High Priestess Maxine Dietrich .............................................................. 5 The truth about the origins and spread of islam - how the jews developed the program of islam to invade and destroy the East by High Priestess Zildar Raasi ... 15 The Jews Admit the Jewishness of Islam by High Priest Jake Carlson ................... 28 Exposing Spiritual corruption in islam- stolen Spiritual Allegories in the quran by High Priestess Zildar Raasi .................................................................................... 31 The Kaaba originally a PAGAN Temple!!! By High Priestess Zildar Raasi ............... 43 Islam, The Jewish Religion by The_Fourth_Reich666, posted in forum by High Priest Hooded Cobra 666 ..................................................................................... 47 The Quran Advocates Terror! - By Fourth Reich666 ............................................. 55 Iraq Is Falling To Islamic Fanatic's ......................................................................... 70 House Of Saud, Donmeh "Young Turks" Crypto-Jews ........................................... 79 ISIS Created By Israel by High Priest Mageson666 ................................................ 89 “ISIS” and related terrorist groups created and run by jews! By High Priestess Zildar Raasi ........................................................................................................... 91 Re: Isis (Jew controlled) is destroying archaeological sites by High Priestess Maxine Dietrich .................................................................................................. 112 Re: Enraged over destruction of Astaroth's Temple, etc. by High Priestess Maxine Dietrich .............................................................................................................. 119 Jewish Septic Tank .............................................................................................. 121 Muslims are Jews’ natural allies in Europe-Rabbi Goldschmidt by High Priest Mageson666 ...................................................................................................... 122 Muslim Destruction of Sweden .......................................................................... 124 Islam VS The PC Jew Theocrats by High Priest Mageson666 ............................... 131 What Islam has to say about Homosexuality by Fourth Reich 666 ..................... 139 Women Rights by High Priestess Myla Limlal 666 .............................................. 150 Islam’s Greatest Weakness by High Priestess Zildar Raasi .................................. 159 4 Fighting islam by High Priestess Zildar Raasi ....................................................... 162 5 Islam... by High Priestess Maxine Dietrich The current news in Europe is now calling for “more tolerance for Islam.” Although I am and have been aware for many years that Islam is even worse than fundamentalist Christianity [which is total rot], I am not an expert. High Priestess Zildar knows much about Islam in depth and is an expert. What I have come across in the past few days of which Lilith led me to, people need to know. Many, many years ago, it was exceptionally cold outside and I was waiting for the bus and had time and went into a small library right near the bus stop. I was browsing some books and pulled out a book on torture from the shelf. I will never forget what I saw and read. A small woman from Yemen who ran away from her abusive husband was caught, sentenced and returned to her husband by an Islamic court. They pounded a tow truck chain through her forearm. I always thought this was a somewhat isolated incident. Was I ever wrong. I have known and befriended men from the Middle East who came to America when I was a very young adult. Most were decent, polite and respectful. They put Islam behind them. Others only observed Islam lukewarm sop to speak, as is with many xians [Christians for people who are new here]. In order to find out if something is “good” or “evil” it must be given power. I would also like to add here, how the Jews use anything and everything they can to create enmity between family members and of course between men and women. What is thoroughly disgusting and appalling is how this completely degenerate and depraved Jewish program of Islam [Judaism is the root] is blamed upon men. The problem is NOT with “men,” THE PROBLEM IS WITH ISLAM!! If the problem were with men, as the Jews try to promote through certain areas of the media, then it would be world-wide, which it isn’t. This is just another case of blame shifting as with how xian Andrea Yates murdered her five children by drowning them in the bathtub when they came home from school one day. What smacks of these three Jewish invented so-called “religions” is how they induce not only total insanity, but also incite believers into committing the most extreme and utterly depraved acts that in any normal society would place the perpetrator in an asylum for the criminally insane for a lifetime. The more an individual ties into xian or Islamic energy, the more psychologically unbalanced they become. Many young and well meaning men enter the xian seminary and study to be xian ministry. Yes, this is pushed upon them and they are told this is a 6 good thing and that they can help others. Xianity takes its toll over the years and then men usually end up as perverts and pedophiles. Many other extremely negative things also factor into their lives and most become completely intolerant, obsessive, hateful and in some cases, even murderous. Lives destroyed. They also end up destroying many lives. One of the prosecutors in the Salem Witch Trials read the Bible some 54 times. This affected him with influencing a murderous bent. This is not surprising given the intense focus on murder, torture, rape and every other ugly thing that is the foundation of the “Holy Bible.” This is a bit long, but please take the time and read. Those who remain ignorant and unknowing only open themselves to the worst victimization imaginable. The world is in the state it is in because millions are duped into not only slavishly worshipping, but also promoting TRUE EVIL. This has taken its toll and unless something is done, everyone on the entire planet will have no future. Lilith led me to a book titled: “Souad Burned Alive.” “When Souad was seventeen she fell in love. In her village, as in so many others, sex before marriage was considered a grave dishonour to one's family and was punishable by death. This was her crime. Her brother-in-law was given the task of arranging her punishment. One morning while Souad was washing the family's clothes, he crept up on her, poured petrol over her and set her alight. In the eyes of their community he was a hero. An execution for a 'crime of honour' was a respectable duty unlikely to bring about condemnation from others. It certainly would not have provoked calls for his prosecution. More than five thousand cases of such honour killings are reported around the world each year and many more take place that we hear nothing about. Miraculously, Souad survived rescued by the women of her village, who put out the flames and took her to a local hospital. Horrifically burned, and abandoned by her family and community, it was only the intervention of a European aid worker that enabled Souad to receive the care and sanctuary she so desperately needed and to start her life again. She has now decided to tell her story and uncover the barbarity of honour killings, a practice which continues to this day. 7 Burned Alive is a shocking testimony, a true story of almost unbelievable
Recommended publications
  • The Jewish Context of Early Church History ROMAN CHURCH *KEY AD EMPEROR YEAR EVENT 26 TIBERIUS 27
    The Jewish Context Of Early Church History ROMAN CHURCH *KEY AD EMPEROR YEAR EVENT 26 TIBERIUS -7 {Sabbatical} th 27 (14 ) -6 [Year 1 of Daniel’s 70 th Sabbatical Cycle Begins In Fall ] th 28 (15 ) -5 [Year 2 of Daniel’s 70th Sabbatical Cycle Begins In Fall ] *John began immersing in the Spring. th 29 (16 ) -4 [Year 3 of Daniel’s 70 th Sabbatical Cycle Begins In Fall ] *Jesus was immersed in the Fall. th 30 (17 ) -3 [Year 4 of Daniel’s 70 th Sabbatical Cycle Begins In Fall ] *Jesus began preaching in the Spring. th 31 (18 ) -2 [Year 5 of Daniel’s 70 th Sabbatical Cycle Begins In Fall ] th 32 (19 ) -1 [Year 6 of Daniel’s 70 th Sabbatical Cycle Begins In Fall ] th 33 (20 ) 1 {Sabbatical} [Year 7 of Daniel’s 70 th Sabbatical Cycle Begins In Fall ] *THE ATONEMENT 34 (21 st ) 2 *Saul of Tarsus took the lead in persecuting “The Way.” 35 (22 nd ) 3 *Saul of Tarsus was converted at Damascus, easing the persecution. 36 (23 rd ) 4 *The book of James was written around this time.1 37 GAIUS 5 38 (2 nd ) 6 *Peter preaches to Gentiles for the 1 st Time around this time. 39 (3 rd ) 7 th 2 40 (4 ) 8 {Sabbatical} *Gaius tried to have his image set up in the Jewish Temple. 41 CLAUDIUS 9 42 (2 nd ) 10 *Barnabas sent to oversee the predominately Gentile Church at Antioch. 43 (3 rd ) 11 *Saul of Tarsus works with Barnabas at Antioch.
    [Show full text]
  • Sidirountios3
    ZEALOT EARLY CHRISTIANITY AND THE EMERGENCE OF ANTI‑ HELLENISM GEORGE SIDIROUNTIOS A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of London (Royal Holloway and Bedford New College) March 2016 1 Candidate’s declaration: I confirm that this PhD thesis is entirely my own work. All sources and quotations have been acknowledged. The main works consulted are listed in the bibliography. Candidate’s signature: 2 To the little Serene, Amaltheia and Attalos 3 CONTENTS Absract p. 5 Acknowledgements p. 6 List of Abbreviations p. 7 Conventions and Limitations p. 25 INTRODUCTION p. 26 1. THE MAIN SOURCES 1.1: Lost sources p. 70 1.2: A Selection of Christian Sources p. 70 1.3: Who wrote which work and when? p. 71 1.4: The Septuagint that contains the Maccabees p. 75 1.5: I and II Maccabees p. 79 1.6: III and IV Maccabees p. 84 1.7: Josephus p. 86 1.8: The first three Gospels (Holy Synopsis) p. 98 1.9: John p. 115 1.10: Acts p. 120 1.11: ʺPaulineʺ Epistles p. 123 1.12: Remarks on Paulʹs historical identity p. 126 2. ISRAELITE NAZOREAN OR ESSENE CHRISTIANS? 2.1: Israelites ‑ Moses p. 136 2.2: Israelite Nazoreans or Christians? p. 140 2.3: Essenes or Christians? p. 148 2.4: Holy Warriors? p. 168 3. ʺBCE CHRISTIANITYʺ AND THE EMERGENCE OF ANTI‑HELLENISM p. 173 3.1: A first approach of the Septuagint and ʺJosephusʺ to the Greeks p. 175 3.2: Anti‑Hellenism in the Septuagint p. 183 3.3: The Maccabees and ʺJosephusʺ from Mattathias to Simon p.
    [Show full text]
  • 2014 03 02 the Destiny of Israel
    March 2, 2014! !Forgiveness Sunday! Father Pat’s Pastoral Ponderings! !The Destiny of Israel! History was not kind to the Jewish people during the century following the trial of Jesus. Just before that trial, Israel’s last prophet wept over Jerusalem and foretold the destruction of its Temple, and within a generation of that prophecy the Holy Land was engulfed in a series of Jewish revolts against Rome, a running conflict culminating in the fall of Jerusalem to the Roman army. The fall itself, in July of A.D. 70, was preceded by a siege of three and a half years, during which many thousands of Jews perished of hunger, disease, and incessant infighting among the city’s defenders. Although Titus, the commander of the Roman forces, was disposed to preserve the Temple after the city’s fall, it was gutted by a fire that spread from some neighboring buildings. According to Josephus, the Jewish historian present during the entire tragedy, 97,000 Jews were captured and enslaved. ! Even then, however, the unrest did not end; it moved south. Just west of the Dead Sea stands a very high plateau known in antiquity as “the fortress,” in Hebrew metzadah, from which name it has long been called “Masada.” On this nearly invincible site a remnant of Jews held out against the Romans for three more years. In the end most of them finally preferred suicide to capture.! Nor did the fall of Masada finish Jewish nationalism and resistance to Rome. Early in the second century there were Jewish uprisings in Cyrene, Egypt, Cyprus, and the Fertile Crescent.
    [Show full text]
  • Trinity 25, 2013
    Trinity XXV 1 St. Stephen’s Anglican Church 11856 Mays Chapel Rd., Timonium, MD 21093 W The Twenty Fifth Sunday After Trinity, November 17th, 2015 X In The Name of The Father and of The Son and of The Holy Ghost. Amen. X Folks often assume that today’s Gospel reading Century AD audience pictured messiahs and shows Jesus at his most unworldly. False messiahs prophets. And first and foremost, we need to and false prophets aren’t really a problem for understand that messiahs and prophets were seen sensible down-to-earth people like our selves. We as much as political figures as religious ones. can recognize a 21-carat phony when we see one. King David’s 22nd, 23rd and 24th Psalms Jesus’ warnings, we assume, are aimed at people graphically foretell the crucifixion and spell out who are eagerly awaiting the end of the world and the messianic vision. But in 1st Century AD it was the second coming – the sort of folks, who from his military prowess that made him the prototype time to time, find themselves sitting on mountain of the messiah. Isaiah and Jeremiah performed tops or church roofs, in anticipation of the heavens political as well as prophetic roles. As well as opening and the Son of Man descending in clouds proclaiming God’s word, they also served as “the with great glory. loyal opposition” to the Judean political establishment of their days. But nothing could be further from the truth. When Jesus says “If any man shall say unto you, Lo, here In the First Century AD, the messiah was viewed is the Christ, or there; believe it not .
    [Show full text]
  • The Persian Conquest of Jerusalem in 614CE Compared with Islamic Conquest of 638CE
    The Persian conquest of Jerusalem in 614CE compared with Islamic conquest of 638CE. Its Messianic nature and the role of the Jewish Exilarch By Ben Abrahamson and Joseph Katz Abstract: Explores the conquests of Jerusalem in 614CE and 638CE within the context of previous attempts at Jewish restoration. Discusses reasons for a Persian-Jewish alliance and later a Judeo-Arab alliance. In an attempt to reconcile contemporary sources, an account is given of Babylonian Jewish Exilarch Nechemiah ben Hushiel, his brother Shallum (Salmaan Farsi) and nephew Yakov (Ka'b Al-Ahbar) who played pivotal roles in these conquests. Proposes that the twelve men who went to Mecca to meet with the Prophet were Jewish refugees from Edessa, by way of Medina. Suggesting that the authors of Sefer Zerubavel and of the Prayer of Shimon Roman Invitations and Jewish attempts bar Yochai were Jews from Medina. to rebuild the Temple Jerusalem and the Temple, attempts at 70 C.E., Temple is Destroyed restoration 100 C.E., Trajan gives Jews permission to rebuild the Temple which, however, they neither could nor would make any use. After the destruction of the Jewish Temple (70 C.E) and subsequent Jewish Revolt (135 C.E.), 118 C.E., Hadrian allows the Jews to return to Jerusalem and Jerusalem passed into the hands of Rome. It's grants permission for the rebuilding of their Holy Temple, but soon reneges. name was changed by the Romans to Aelia Capitolina and Jews were officially forbidden to 132 C.E., Rebel Bar Kochba re-institutes ritual sacrifice in live there.
    [Show full text]
  • “…But Was Caesar Good for the Jews?” March 21, 2021
    Jewish Congregation of Marco Island “Ta Sh’ma” Life-Long Learning Program “…But Was Caesar Good for the Jews?” March 21, 2021 The Lay of the Land (or: Knowing the Imperial Players) - --- 753 BCE traditional date for the founding of Rome by Romulus and Remus The Roman Republic 509 overthrow of Tarquinius frees Rome from Etruscan rule 63 Pompey deposes Aristobulus II, and crowns John Hyrcanus II 60 First Triumvirate (Crassus, Pompey, and Caesar) Julio-Claudian Dynasty 44 Gaius Julius Caesar > dictator perpetuo 43 Lex Titia establishes the Second Triumvirate 1 27 BCE Gaius Octavius > Imperator Caesar divi filius Augustus 6 CE Iudea incorporated as a Province of Rome 2 14 CE Tiberius Caesar Augustus 3 37 Caligula Gaius Caesar Augustus Germanicus 4 41 Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus 5 54 Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus 66 First Judean Rebellion Civil War - The Empire in Flux 6 68 Servius Galba Caesar Augustus 7 69 Marcus Otho Caesar Augustus “Year of the 8 69 Aulus Vitellius Four Emperors” Flavian Imperial Dynasty 9 69 Vespasianus (military commander of Legio X Fretensis) 70 sack of Jerusalem 73 Fall of Masada 10 79 Titus Caesar Vespasianus (commander of Lexio X) 11 81 Titus Flavius Domitianus Nerva-Antonine Imperial Dynasty 12 96 Marcus Cocceius Nerva 13 98 Trajan (Caesar Nerva Traianus) 115-7 Tumultus Iudaicus (“Kitos War”) “the Five Good 14 117 Caesar Traianus Hadrianus Emperors” 133 Bar-Kochba Rebellion 135 Hadrianic persecution (per Niccolo Machiavelli 15 138 Titus Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Augustus Pius 16 161-169 Lucius Verus 17 161-180 Marcus Aurelius Antoninus concurrent co-governance 18 177-192 Commodus - continued “…But Was Caesar Good for the Jews?” (March 21, 2010) – page 2 the eastern Mediterranean at height bronze sestertius of Vespasian of the Roman Empire, 117 CE inscription: “Captive Judea” “The imperial military depots were resupplied by ship, “S[enatus] C[onsulto]” which made it difficult for Roman armies to operate more than seventy-five miles from a coast or large river.
    [Show full text]
  • Paul's Missionary Strategy and the Rise of Christianity in Alexandria
    New Test. Stud. (), , pp. –. © The Author(s), . Published by Cambridge University Press. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/./), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. doi:10.1017/S0028688520000296 Why Did Paul Skip Alexandria? Paul’s Missionary Strategy and the Rise of Christianity in Alexandria BENJAMIN SCHLIESSER Theologische Fakulta¨t der Universita¨t Bern, Institut fu¨r Neues Testament, La¨nggassstrasse 51, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Email: benjamin.schliesser@theol. unibe.ch Why did Paul skip Alexandria? Why is there a blank spot on his missionary map? What prompted him to make plans to travel west rather than south? The lack of scholarly interest in this question is almost as conspicuous as the lack of sources for earliest Christianity in Alexandria. This article surveys and categorises the rather random hypotheses offered in scholarship. They relate to Paul’s self- understanding as a missionary, to his theological raison d’être, to religious and cultural aspects, and to political circumstances. The most plausible answer con- cerns early Christian mission strategy: Paul skipped Alexandria because it was a Jewish city and as such part of the Jewish-Christian mission. Keywords: Alexandria, Paul, mission strategy, politics, Letter to the Romans, Roman Empire Introduction The rise of Christianity in Alexandria remains a puzzle. Adolf von Harnack’s assessment from the beginning of the last century is often quoted: Important studies from the past thirty years include A. M. Ritter, ‘Das frühchristliche Alexandrien im Spannungsfeld zwischen Judenchristentum, “Frühkatholizismus” und Gnosis’, Charisma und Caritas: Aufsätze zur Geschichte der Alten Kirche (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, ) –; G.
    [Show full text]
  • The Jewish War Ebook
    THE JEWISH WAR PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Flavius Josephus,G.A. Williamson,E. Mary Smallwood,Late Betty Radice | 512 pages | 02 Jul 1984 | Penguin Books Ltd | 9780140444209 | English | London, United Kingdom The Jewish War PDF Book There were also many people in the royal palace itself who inflamed his envy at him; those, I mean, who were obstructed in their designs by the prudence either of the young men, or of Antipater. Why were their many Jews clamoring for Jesus to be the Messiah that would restore the kingdom and expel the Romans? So when Alexander despaired of ever obtaining the government, he sent ambassadors to him, and prayed him to forgive what he had offended him in, and gave up to him the remaining fortresses, Hyrcanium and Machaerus, as he put Alexandrium into his hands afterwards; all which Gabinius demolished, at the persuasion of Alexander's mother, that they might not be receptacles of men in a second war. In War the machinations of others are emphasised. Accordingly, Cassius came into Syria, in order to receive the forces that were at Apamia, where he procured a reconciliation between Bassus and Marcus, and the legions which were at difference with him; so he raised the siege of Apamia, and took upon him the command of the army, and went about exacting tribute of the cities, and demanding their money to such a degree as they were not able to bear. Error rating book. Everything after the speech is an account of the rebellion, much of it an eye-witness account. Not that that makes it reliable.
    [Show full text]
  • Chevra Kadisha
    History Timeline of Events in the Jewish World and the Chevrah Kadisha For the Gamliel Institute By Rick Light with some additions and edits by David Zinner and Dan Fendel Dates verified by historian, Helene Krupnick, July 2018 Last updated February 2020 The modern community organization we call the Chevrah Kadisha did not come into being overnight. It has been developing over the past four millennia. Jews have been taking care of their dead in respectful and loving ways throughout our history. While we base much of today’s Chevrah Kadisha work on liturgy from 1626 when the Ma’avar Yabok was published in Italy, our timeline goes back to the beginning of Judaism and extends to the present. Every effort has been made to assure the dates and facts listed are accurate. If you find errors, please notify us of the correct information, to make this as accurate as possible. Chevrah Kadisha Related Events Historical Contextual Events • (2000 BCE–500 BCE) Biblical times - The biblical record lays the groundwork for traditional Jewish funeral and burial practices, including these (all Torah, except Job reference): o Burial at Machpelah: Gen 23 o Joseph’s (false) death: Gen 37: 29-35 o Jacob’s burial: Gen 47:28-31, Gen 50:1-14 o Aaron’s death: Num 20:24-29 o Miriam’s death: Num 20:1 o Moses’ death: Deut 34:1-8 o Same-day burial: Deut 21:23 o Shiva: Job 2:13 o Parah Aduma: Num 19 o Eglah Arufah: Deut 21:1-9 • (167–161 BCE) The Maccabean revolt against the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire • (3–4 BCE) Herod’s reign • (10 CE) Death of Hillel the Elder • (6–66 CE) Land of Israel becomes Roman Province “Judaea.” • (66–73 CE) The First Jewish–Roman War ends with destruction of the Second Temple and the fall of Jerusalem.
    [Show full text]
  • Leḥerut Yerushalayim: the Temple at the Time of the Bar Kokhba
    ELECTRUM * Vol. 26 (2019): 159–176 doi: 10.4467/20800909EL.19.010.11213 www.ejournals.eu/electrum LEḥERUT YERUSHALAYIM: THE TEMPLE ON THE COINS OF THE BAR KOKHBA WAR1 Michaël Girardin Université du Littoral – Côte d’Opale Abstract: In the third year of his fight against Rome (134/135 CE), Bar Kokhba minted coins with the slogan “leḥerut Yerushalayim: For the freedom of Jerusalem”. In this paper, I argue that what was meant by this expression was not the geographic place but a powerful idea: the worship center of the Jewish identity. Jerusalem as a slogan seems to be a metonymy for the temple, and the tem- ple was the link between God and the Jews. By proclaiming the necessity to liberate Jerusalem, Bar Kokhba actually tried to regroup all the Jews under his banner, exploiting the theocratic ideals and the eschatological hopes of the time. However, the documents found in the desert reveal that this propagandist expectancy was not universally shared by his own troops. For the political needs of the leader, “Jerusalem” was probably the best slogan possible, but it appears to have meant little in real life, even perhaps in the eyes of Bar Kokhba himself. Keywords: Aelia Capitolina, Bar Kokhba, Coins, Elephantine Temple, Gerizim Temple, Hasmo- neans/ Maccabees, Jerusalem, Jewish Revolt, Leontopolis Temple, Paleo-Hebrew script, Sicarii, the Temple, Theocracy, Zealots. Introduction “Leḥerut Yerushalayim: For the freedom of Jerusalem!”. Such was the slogan adopted by the administration of the rebel Bar Kokhba for the coins of his third year (134/135 CE), while he was fighting against the Romans in the last great Jewish revolt of the Antiquity.
    [Show full text]
  • STANISLAV DOLEŽAL 1. Introduction During His Reign, the Emperor
    2017 ACTA UNIVERSITATIS CAROLINAE PAG. 111–125 PHILOLOGICA 2 / GRAECOLATINA PRAGENSIA DID HADRIAN EVER MEET A PARTHIAN KING?* STANISLAV DOLEŽAL ABSTRACT There has been an assumption in the scholarly literature about Emperor Hadrian ’ s meeting with a Parthian king in about 123 CE. This assump- tion, based on a single passage in a source whose veracity and reliabili- ty has repeatedly been questioned, cannot be proved and appears to be false. However, Hadrian ’ s summit has been accepted without question as a fact in many scholarly books, although some authors chose to ignore this doubtful event. In this article, the whole history of Romano-Parthian relations is briefly summed up and the author tries to point out that, in reality, no summit of heads of these two states ever occurred. Keywords: Parthia; Rome; foreign relations 1. Introduction During his reign, the Emperor Hadrian allegedly met a Parthian king. A single source1 tells us that Hadrian held a summit with an Arsacid ruler, presumably on the bank of the Euphrates. Most scholars accept this as a fact, adding just the year (usually 123 CE), the king ’ s name, and a few speculations about Hadrian ’ s motives. However, it is far more probable that this meeting never took place. In this contribution, I will show that nei- ther during Hadrian ’ s reign nor ever before (and indeed never after) did such meeting between a Roman Emperor and a Parthian monarch occur, and I will also explain why. “The usual form for encounters between Roman and Parthian heads of state was for them to gather on either bank of the Euphrates, which marked the border between the two realms, and meet face-to-face on an island in the river”.2 This quoted passage is typ- ical of superficial knowledge and flawed conceptions of Romano-Parthian relations and foreign politics of both empires.
    [Show full text]
  • Los Inicios Y Primeras Localizaciones De La Legio Ii Traiana Fortis
    GLADIUS Estudios sobre armas antiguas, arte militar y vida cultural en oriente y occidente XXXVIII (2018), pp. 89-97 ISSN: 0436-029X https://doi.org/10.3989/gladius.2018.06 THE BEGINNINGS AND EARLY WHEREABOUTS OF LEGIO II TRAIANA FORTIS* LOS INICIOS Y PRIMERAS LOCALIZACIONES DE LA LEGIO II TRAIANA FORTIS POR SERGIO MISERACHS GARCÍA** y LORENA CASTILLO CAMPILLO*** ABSTRACT - RESUMEN The early Imperial Roman legions were military units with great mobility which were required to move quic- kly wherever their emperor ordered and therefore some of them were not assigned to a definite camp for a long time. We analyze and discuss the possible early whereabouts of Legio II Traiana Fortis, the strong second Trajan’s legion, a legion which, until its definite settlement in Egypt, was garrisoned in Judea. By analyzing current archaeo- logical and epigraphical evidence, we conclude in which exact year it was transferred to Judea and which legions were displaced in Egypt and the Middle East during the first years of Hadrian’s reign. Las legiones romanas altoimperiales eran unidades militares con gran movilidad a las que se requería que se desplazaran rápidamente allá donde su emperador ordenara y por lo tanto algunas de ellas no tuvieron asignado un asentamiento definitivo durante mucho tiempo. Analizamos y discutimos las posibles primeras localizaciones de la Legio II Traiana Fortis, la segunda legión fuerte de Trajano, una legión que, hasta su asentamiento definitivo en Egipto, fue acuartelada en Judea. Analizando la evidencia arqueológica y epigráfica actual, concluimos en qué año exacto fue transferida a Judea y qué legiones cambiaron de localización en Egipto y Oriente Próximo durante los primeros años de mandato de Adriano.
    [Show full text]