Las Juntas Durante El Trienio Liberal
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Annalityc Summary Historia-Vasconia 26
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Hedatuz 26- Vasconia CUADERNOS DE HISTORIA-GEOGRAFIA 26, 1-324, 1998 Civil wars and violence in Vasconia ISSN: 1136-6834 (XIX-XX Centuries) Copying of the summary pages is authorised Torre, Joseba de la (Univ. Pública de Navarra. Dpto. Economía. Campus de Arrosadía. 31006 Pamplona): Guerra, economía y violencia, 1808-1823 (War, economy and violence, 1808-1823) (Orig. es) In: Vasconia. 26, 15-22 Abstract: Due to Napoleonic war, Basque provinces' agricultures were in deep economic crisis. The financing of the guerrilla and the occupying armies impoverished peasant classes and uncovered the contradictions and iniquities of Ancien Regime -Foral-. Post- war violent attitudes reflect the more exploited classes' move against a social and economic model they reject. Between 1808 and 1823 were established the bases for the transition to agrarian capitalism. Key Words: Economy. Crisis of the ancien regime. Basque Country. Ortiz de Orruño, José Mª (Univ. País Vasco. Fac. Filología y Geografía e Historia. Dpto. Historia Contemporánea. Avda. de las Universidades, 5. 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz): La militarización de la sociedad vasca en tiempos de paz: los naturales armados (1823- 1833) (The militarization of the Basque society during peace times: the armed natives (1823-1833)) (Orig. es) In: Vasconia. 26, 23-40 Abstract: This article is an attempt to explain why the mayority of Basques chose the carlist party in the 1883 civil war. Among others reasons, it was because of the provincitial militia created in 1823 by the absolutist basque landowners thanks to the administrative and financial autonomy of the foral system. -
WW2-Spain-Tripbook.Pdf
SPAIN 1 Page Spanish Civil War (clockwise from top-left) • Members of the XI International Brigade at the Battle of Belchite • Bf 109 with Nationalist markings • Bombing of an airfield in Spanish West Africa • Republican soldiers at the Siege of the Alcázar • Nationalist soldiers operating an anti-aircraft gun • HMS Royal Oakin an incursion around Gibraltar Date 17 July 1936 – 1 April 1939 (2 years, 8 months, 2 weeks and 1 day) Location Spain Result Nationalist victory • End of the Second Spanish Republic • Establishment of the Spanish State under the rule of Francisco Franco Belligerents 2 Page Republicans Nationalists • Ejército Popular • FET y de las JONS[b] • Popular Front • FE de las JONS[c] • CNT-FAI • Requetés[c] • UGT • CEDA[c] • Generalitat de Catalunya • Renovación Española[c] • Euzko Gudarostea[a] • Army of Africa • International Brigades • Italy • Supported by: • Germany • Soviet Union • Supported by: • Mexico • Portugal • France (1936) • Vatican City (Diplomatic) • Foreign volunteers • Foreign volunteers Commanders and leaders Republican leaders Nationalist leaders • Manuel Azaña • José Sanjurjo † • Julián Besteiro • Emilio Mola † • Francisco Largo Caballero • Francisco Franco • Juan Negrín • Gonzalo Queipo de Llano • Indalecio Prieto • Juan Yagüe • Vicente Rojo Lluch • Miguel Cabanellas † • José Miaja • Fidel Dávila Arrondo • Juan Modesto • Manuel Goded Llopis † • Juan Hernández Saravia • Manuel Hedilla • Carlos Romero Giménez • Manuel Fal Conde • Buenaventura Durruti † • Lluís Companys • José Antonio Aguirre Strength 1936 -
University of Dundee MASTER of PHILOSOPHY Changing British Perceptions of Spain in Times of War and Revolution, 1808 to 1838
University of Dundee MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY Changing British Perceptions of Spain in Times of War and Revolution, 1808 to 1838 Holsman, John Robert Award date: 2014 Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 29. Sep. 2021 MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY Changing British Perceptions of Spain in Times of War and Revolution, 1808 to 1838 John Robert Holsman 2014 University of Dundee Conditions for Use and Duplication Copyright of this work belongs to the author unless otherwise identified in the body of the thesis. It is permitted to use and duplicate this work only for personal and non-commercial research, study or criticism/review. You must obtain prior written consent from the author for any other use. Any quotation from this thesis must be acknowledged using the normal academic conventions. It is not permitted to supply the whole or part of this thesis to any other person or to post the same on any website or other online location without the prior written consent of the author. -
El Trienio Liberal (1820–1823)
EL TRIENIO LIBERAL (1820–1823) EL TRIENIO LIBERAL (1820 – 1823) INTRODUCCIÓN — En 2020 se cumplen doscientos años del inicio del Trienio Del 4 de febrero de 2020 al 31 de enero de 2021 Liberal, un paréntesis constitucional en medio del reina- do absolutista de Fernando VII. El Museo Nacional del Ro- SALA III MUSEO NACIONAL DEL ROMANTICISMO manticismo quiere rememorar este suceso breve pero tras- cendental en la historia contemporánea española con un — C/ San Mateo, 13. 28004 Madrid proyecto expositivo que se exhibe en la sala III del Museo. www.museoromanticismo.es Tras la retirada de las tropas napoleónicas y la vuelta 914 481 045 Comisariado: Carmen Linés Viñuales de «el Deseado» al trono español en 1814, Fernando VII Diseño expositivo: Juan Gimeno Martes a sábado Montaje: TdArte derogó la Constitución de 1812 promulgada en Cádiz y re- - Mayo a octubre: 9:30 - 20:30 h. Diseño gráfico: Blenk instauró todas las instituciones del Antiguo Régimen. Se - Noviembre a abril: 9:30 - 18:30 h. Conservación: Carmen Cadenas Domingos y festivos: 10:00 - 15:00 h. Coordinación: Laura González Vidales inició un periodo de gran inestabilidad política en un país Fotografía: Pablo Linés, Javier Rodríguez Barrera devastado por la guerra y en bancarrota, a lo que se sumó — y Biblioteca Nacional de España Metro: la pérdida de las colonias americanas. Durante estos años, - Alonso Martínez (líneas 4, 5 y 10) Prestadores: Museo de Historia de Madrid, conocidos como el Sexenio Absolutista (1814-1820), se su- - Tribunal (líneas 1 y 10) Biblioteca Nacional de España, cedieron diferentes insurreciones frustadas por parte de Autobuses: 3, 37, 40 y 149 Colección Juan Francisco Fuentes y Pilar Garí liberales como Díaz Porlier o Lacy, entre otros, para resta- blecer el orden constitucional. -
Timeline / 1810 to 1860 / SPAIN / POLITICAL CONTEXT
Timeline / 1810 to 1860 / SPAIN / POLITICAL CONTEXT Date Country Theme 1812 Spain Political Context Spain's first Constitution of 1812, influenced by the French Revolution, is revolutionary because it declares the Spanish American colonies to be provinces and all their inhabitants citizens. The constitution reduces some of the powers and privileges of the monarchy, aristocracy and church and will influence future post- independence South American constitutions. Up to 1876 Spain will change its constitution four times (1837, 1845, 1869, 1876). 1813 Spain Political Context The Valençay Treaty ends the war between Spain and France. Return of King Fernando VII and absolutist restoration. 1820 - 1823 Spain Political Context In 1820, the army mutiny led by Rafael del Riego leads to King Fernando VII accepting the Constitution, in spite of his former opposition to constitutional monarchy, bringing in the Trienio Liberal period of popular rule. The Congress of Verona in 1822 gives France a mandate to restore Fernando as absolute monarch. In 1823 the French army invades Spain to restore absolutism, ending the Trienio Liberal. 1833 Spain Political Context Isabel II becomes Queen of Spain. The Salic Law forbidding women to reign had been abolished in 1830 because Fernando VII's only heirs were female. His brother, Carlos de Borbón, asserts his claim to the throne against his niece (first Carlist War, 1836–39); two further Carlist wars will follow (1846–49, 1872–76). 1834 Spain Political Context Estatuto Real signed by the Queen Regent, María Cristina de Borbón, as a royal charter similar to the one under the French King Louis XVIII. -
La Historiografía Sobre El Trienio Liberal: Entre El Estigma Del Fracaso Y El Enfoque Militante
Pasado y Memoria. Revista de Historia Contemporánea, 22, 2021, pp. 19-52 e-ISSN: 2386-4745 | ISSN: 1579-3311 La historiografía sobre el Trienio Liberal: entre el estigma del fracaso y el enfoque militante The historiography on the Liberal Triennium: From a stigma of failure to a militant approach1 Francisco Carantoña Álvarez Universidad de León [email protected] https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4542-8847 Recibido: 19-6-2020 Aceptado: 27-9-2020 Cómo citar este artículo / Citation: CARANTOÑA ÁLVAREZ, Francisco (2021). La historiografía sobre el Trienio Liberal: entre el estigma del fracaso y el enfoque militante. Pasado y Memoria. Revista de Historia Contemporánea, 22, pp. 19-52, https://doi.org/10.14198/PASADO2021.22.01 Resumen La revolución de 1820 desató la primera gran crisis en el sistema de la Restauración europea sin que se hubiesen cumplido cinco años desde el final del Congreso de Vie- na. Los tres que transcurrieron hasta la invasión francesa de España en 1823 fueron decisivos para la culminación de la independencia de Latinoamérica. La importancia de este primer ciclo revolucionario del siglo XIX es indiscutible, pero su carácter periférico en Europa y su derrota en España, Italia y Portugal provocaron que la his- toriografía le prestase menos atención de la que merecía. La historiografía española se dividió en dos tendencias militantes: la conservadora utilizó el proceso para combatir primera 1. Este trabajo se ha realizado dentro de los proyectos de investigación HAR 2016-75954-P, «Las monarquías en la Europa meridional (siglos XIX y XX). Culturas y prácticas de la realeza», y PID2019-109627GB-I00, «La construcción del imaginario monárquico. -
Exiliadas Y Liberales En La Década Ominosa (1823-1833)1
CHERCHEZ LA FEMME: EXILIADAS Y LIBERALES EN LA DÉCADA OMINOSA (1823-1833)1 CHERCHEZ LA FEMME: LIBERAL AND EXILED WOMEN IN THE OMINOUS DECADE (1823-1833) Juan Francisco Fuentes Universidad Complutense de Madrid “On assure que le conseil des ministres, Calomarde à la tête, avait averti le roi de la nouvelle tactique des libéraux, qui venaient d’enrôler beaucoup de femmes, dans leur invisible armée; ces escadrons d’amazones, ont tant effrayé Ferdinand, qu’il s’est déterminé sur-le-champ à faire un exemple, sans penser que par sa terreur même il donnait à ses ennemis la mesure de leur force et de sa faiblesse”. À Monsieur Jules Janin; Grenade, 23 juillet 1831; Marquis de Custine: L’Espagne sous Ferdinand VII, Bruselas, 1838, vol. IV, págs. 200-201. SUMARIO: I. MUJER Y LIBERALISMO.- II. MUJERES LIBERALES: CUÁNTAS Y DÓNDE.- III. LA APORTACIÓN FEMENINA A LA RESISTENCIA LIBERAL: CLANDESTINIDAD Y EXILIO.- IV. CONCLUSIONES. Resumen: Este artículo pretende mostrar un aspecto no tratado en la historia del liberalismo español, en concreto, la participación de las mujeres en la conspiración contra la Monarquía Absoluta durante la Década Ominosa (1823- 1833). Se ocupa también del estudio de las mujeres españolas en el exilio Liberal, tanto en Francia como en Inglaterra, durante el referido período. Abstract: This article aims to show a hidden aspect of the history of Spanish Liberalism, namely, the participation of women in the conspiracy against the Absolute Monarchy during the Ominous Decade (1823–1833). It is focused also on the study of Spanish women in the Liberal exile, in France as well in England, during the same period. -
The Ruin of a State Is Freedom of Conscience: Religion, (In)Tolerance, and Independence in the Spanish Monarchy
Bulletin for Spanish and Portuguese Historical Studies Journal of the Association for Spanish and Portuguese Historical Studies Volume 44 Issue 1 Iberia in Entangled and Transnational Article 4 Contexts 2019 The Ruin of a State is Freedom of Conscience: Religion, (In)Tolerance, and Independence in the Spanish Monarchy Scott Eastman [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.asphs.net/bsphs Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Eastman, Scott (2019) "The Ruin of a State is Freedom of Conscience: Religion, (In)Tolerance, and Independence in the Spanish Monarchy," Bulletin for Spanish and Portuguese Historical Studies: Vol. 44 : Iss. 1 , Article 4. https://doi.org/10.26431/0739-182X.1328 Available at: https://digitalcommons.asphs.net/bsphs/vol44/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Association for Spanish and Portuguese Historical Studies. It has been accepted for inclusion in Bulletin for Spanish and Portuguese Historical Studies by an authorized editor of Association for Spanish and Portuguese Historical Studies. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Ruin of a State is Freedom of Conscience: Religion, (In)Tolerance, and Independence in the Spanish Monarchy Scott Eastman During the reign of Charles III (1759-1788), the Bourbon Monarchy, unlike the more reactionary Bourbon regime north of the Pyrenees, allied with partisans of reform, including prominent Jansenists.1 Spaniards read the works of Montesquieu and Adam Smith, and their texts circulated despite censorship and the prying eyes of inquisitors.2 Ministers pushed through educational changes, economic societies were founded to advance agriculture and industry, and prominent women such as Josefa Amar began to have a greater voice in the public sphere, exemplifying an age of experimentation and change that would culminate in a cycle of revolution and reaction. -
As and the Mariana Islands to Germany in 1899
Timeline / Before 1800 to After 1930 / SPAIN / POLITICAL CONTEXT Date Country Theme 1808 - 1813 Spain Political Context Guerra de la Independencia (Peninsular War) during the French occupation of the Iberian Peninsula and the rule of King Joseph-Napoleon Bonaparte. 1809 - 1899 Spain Political Context The beginning of the independence process in the Spanish territories in South America and Mexico, influenced by the American and French revolutions. The first Declaration of Independence is in Ecuador in 1809 and the American process ends in 1898 with Cuba, followed by the independence of the Philippines and the selling of the Carolinas and the Mariana islands to Germany in 1899. 1812 Spain Political Context Spain's first Constitution of 1812, influenced by the French Revolution, is revolutionary because it declares the Spanish American colonies to be provinces and all their inhabitants citizens. The constitution reduces some of the powers and privileges of the monarchy, aristocracy and church and will influence future post- independence South American constitutions. Up to 1876 Spain will change its constitution four times (1837, 1845, 1869, 1876). 1813 Spain Political Context The Valençay Treaty ends the war between Spain and France. Return of King Fernando VII and absolutist restoration. 1820 - 1823 Spain Political Context In 1820, the army mutiny led by Rafael del Riego leads to King Fernando VII accepting the Constitution, in spite of his former opposition to constitutional monarchy, bringing in the Trienio Liberal period of popular rule. The Congress of Verona in 1822 gives France a mandate to restore Fernando as absolute monarch. In 1823 the French army invades Spain to restore absolutism, ending the Trienio Liberal. -
El Trienio Liberal (1820-1823)
Si en algún momento de la historia reciente de Pedro Rújula e Ivana Frasquet Pedro Rújula es profesor de Historia Con- España la política fue algo abierto, cargado de posi- (coords.) temporánea de la Universidad de Zaragoza. bilidades y donde los límites, las formas y los pro- Sus investigaciones se han dirigido a estudiar (coords.) tagonistas estaban en proceso de definición, ese los fenómenos políticos, sociales y culturales fue el Trienio liberal (1820-1823). La experiencia de EL TRIENIO en los orígenes del mundo contemporáneo, la Guerra de la Independencia y de las Cortes de especialmente, el nacimiento de la política (1820-1823) Cádiz habían abierto la posibilidad de que una parte LIBERAL durante la Guerra de la Independencia y las importante de los españoles concibieran otra forma (1820-1823) guerras civiles del siglo XIX. Ha escrito o coor- de relacionarse con el poder. Sin embargo, todo el dinado algunos libros, entre ellos varios muy potencial contenido en aquel período de guerra UNA MIRADA POLÍTICA relacionados con el Trienio liberal, como solo pudo ser desarrollado a partir de 1820, con el Constitución o Muerte (1820-1823) (2000), El triunfo de la revolución y la entrada en vigor de la Trienio liberal. Revolución e independencia, LIBERAL Constitución de 1812. 1820-1823 (2020) (con M. Chust) o Alberto Gil Novales (1930-2016). Los mundos del histo- EL TRIENIO LIBERAL. UNA MIRADA POLÍTICA, riador (2019). Dirige la editorial Prensas de la es una obra que propone acercarse al estudio de Pedro Rújula Frasquet e Ivana Universidad de Zaragoza. lo político superando los límites de lo institucional para adentrarse en su dimensión social a través de Ivana Frasquet es profesora titular de His- la mirada de más de una veintena de especialistas. -
Period of Imperial Crisis During the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries, Spain Ruled As One of the Strongest European and Imperial Powers
Period of Imperial Crisis During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, Spain ruled as one of the strongest European and imperial powers. The balance of power began to shift in the eighteenth century, and the Spanish became increasingly weakened from that point onward. From 1792-1815, France experienced revolution and the rise of Napoleon. During these episodes, Spain was primarily an ally of the French. This partnership proved to be very costly for the Spanish, which lost territory and went into extreme debt that was very difficult to pay for as a result of their alliance with France. In the first few decades of the nineteenth century, the Spanish monarchy experienced an imperial and constitutional crisis, which eventually led to independence movements in nearly all Spanish American colonies. The period of Imperial Crisis, which lasted from roughly 1808-1814, altered the structure of Spain and its empire. In studying this period, it is not enough to analyze internal issues facing the Spanish crown to understand the Imperial Crisis. The Crisis was part of the larger climate in Europe that was in the midst of fighting the Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815). Spain’s Imperial Crisis was triggered by external events largely construed by Napoleon himself. The Crisis sparked the Peninsular War (1808-1814) between the Iberian Peninsula (along with its British allies) and the French Empire. The chaos that emerged during the Imperial Crisis was one of the major factors behind the Spanish American Wars of Independence. The Imperial Crisis (1808-1814) In 1807, several years into the Napoleonic Wars, Spain signed a treaty with Napoleon, referred to as the Treaty of Fontainebleau. -
The Liberal Movement in Spain: from the Constitution of Cádiz to the Broadsword of Pavía
The liberal movement in Spain: from the Constitution of Cádiz to the broadsword of Pavía. Part I Monthly Strategy Report March 2017 Alejandro Vidal Crespo Director of Market Strategies Monthly Strategy Report. March 2017 The liberal movement in Spain: from the Constitution of Cádiz to the broadsword of Pavía. Part I. On 19 March 1812, the Cortes (Spain’s legislative body) enacted the first Spanish constitution, the Constitution of Cadiz. This revolutionary document included major changes in the organisation of the State and in the very concept of the distribution of powers— sovereignty was to reside in the Nation and not in the figure of the King (who was subject to the Constitution)—and it established several of the concepts we take for granted today, such as the separation of powers, the right to own property, the citizenship of those born in American territories (which were considered provinces, or part of the State), and a series of individual liberties, such as free enterprise, freedom of the press, and the abolition of lordships. In other words, it ushered in the beginning of a transition from the old absolutist regime to a modern State of Law. An exciting historic period began—19th century Spain—in which liberal ideas penetrated the political, social, and economic landscape of our country. Initially, this period of modernisation would not last long. In 1814, King Ferdinand VII, an opponent of liberalisation, returned to the throne. He opposed the idea of a constitutional monarchy and reinstated the absolute monarchy after General Eguía took Madrid. The Cortes were dissolved, the Constitution repealed, and the liberal deputies detained.