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Classificatie) Lindberg. Press, Berkeley, Los AFZETTINGEN WTKG 31 (2), 2010 45 Phylogeny and Evolution of the Mollusca (Een nieuwe bivalven classificatie) Red.: Winston F. Ponder en David R. Lindberg. University ofCaliforniaPress, Berkeley, Los Angeles, Lon- don, 2008. Aantalpagina’s; 470. Het boek is voor € 53,- te koop bij ConchBooks (www. conchbooks.de) Hackenheim, Duitsland. Onlangs kocht ik het boek ‘Phylogeny and Evolution of the Mollusca’, 470 pagina’s met bijdragen van 35 auteurs in 17 hoofdstukken en geredigeerd doorWinston Ponder en David Lindberg. Dit boek mag niet ontbreken in de boekenkast van een liefhebbervan fossiele Mollusca. Het geeft uitstekend de huidige stand van dekennis weer omtrent de oorsprong en ontwikkeling van de Molluscavanaf het Cambrium tot nu. 46 AFZETTINGEN WTKG 31 (2), 2010 Ook deonderlinge fyloge- sing in de gastropoden stamboom en daarmee hun rela- netische relatie van diver- tie tot de andere gastropoden nog steeds problematisch se taxa wordt behandeld is. Dit wordt in dit hoofdstuk uitgebreid behandeld. en een aantal verrassende 12. Vetigastropoda. De fylogenetische reconstructie van nieuwe inzichten gege- deze groepwordt beschreven op basis van moleculaire ven. Verder gaat het boek en morfologische gegevens, ook mesozoische lijnen detail in de nieuw- hierin in op worden betrokken. deze stesystematische indeling 13. Caenogastropoda. De indeling van grootste groep de diverse binnen de wordt de hand van Klassen Gastropoda gegevenaan van de daar- diverse middels diverse en argumenten criteria, cladogrammen. de meeste 14. Heterobranchia the Ook deze voor. Bij groe- I, Opisthohranchia. van de niet moderne basis pen gaat indeling groep: indelingen op van morfologische, verder dan tot Familie moleculaire op histologische en gegevens. niveau. Alle indelingen 15. HeterobranchiaII, the Pulmonata. Ook hier weer een worden afgebeeld in di- fylogenetische indeling mede op basis van moleculaire verse cladogrammen en waar verschil van mening is over gegevens. de indeling worden alternatievecladogrammen van diver- 16. Molluscan Evolutionary Development. Dit hoofstuk se auteurs weergegeven.Zowel schelpmorfologie, radula- gaat voornamelijk over de ontwikkeling van de diver- morfologie, anatomie, morfogenese, moleculairebiologie se orgaansystemen bij de molluskenin de loop van hun komen de orde. evolutie. als paleontologische gegevens aan Om een kleine indruk te geven van de inhoud geef ik hier 17. Molluscan Evolutionary Genomics. Dit kleine hoofd- de titels van de hoofdstukken, soms met een korte karak- stuk gaat over de nieuwste ontwikkelingen binnen het teristiek, en eindig ik met de nieuwe indeling van de Bi- molluskenonderzoek namelijk technieken voor gebruik die valvia zoals door Gonzalo Giribet in het boek wordt van mitochondriaalDNA en genomisch DNA om fylo- voorgesteld. genetisch onderzoek te doen. Introduction 1. (met terminologie en concepten). Nu dan nog in het kort wat over de nieuwe indeling van de 2. Relationships ofhigher Molluscan Taxa. Bivalvia doorG. Giribet: 3. The early Cambrian radiationof.Mollusca. 4. Solenogastres, Caudofoveata'andPolyplacophora. Met Bivalvia Linnaeus, 1758 discussie de deze een uitgebreidde over indeling van OpponobranchiaGiribet, 2008 (nieuw ingevoerd in het boek) drie de Chitons. groepen en een indeling voor Nuculoida Dall, 1889 5. Een klein hoofstuk deze kleine Monoplacophora. over Solemyoida Dall, 1889 uit koud Nuculanoida C. M.R. 2000 groep van op patella’s lijkende beestjes diep Carter, D., Campbell, Campbell, water. AutolamellibranchiataGrobben, 1894 6. Bivalvia. Hierinwordt de detradi- i. morfologie behandeld, Pteriomorphia Beurten,1944 tioneletaxonomie, derol vanfossielen in fylogenetische Heteroconchia Cox, 1960 studies, defylogenie van derecente bivalven eneen nieu- Palaeoheterodonta Newell, 1965 classificatie het einde we (hierover aan meer). Trigonioida Dall, 1889 7. Met tot niveau. Scaphopoda. een indeling op genus Unionoida Stoliczka, 1871 8. Cephalopoda. Hun evolutie vanaf het Ordovicium tot Heterodonta Neumayr, 1883 het Caenozoicum, fylogenetische modellenen de dis- Archiheterodonta Giribet, 2008 (nieuw ingevoerd in het boek) crepanties tussen de indelingen gebaseerd op morfolo- Carditoida Dall, 1889 gische kenmerken en die gebaseerd op genetische ken- Crassatelloidea Ferussac, 1882 merken. Astartoidea d’Orbigny, 1844 (1840) 9. Gastropoda, overviewandanalysis. Middels een aantal Carditoidea Flemming, 1820 cladogrammen gebaseerd op morfologische data, mole- Euheterodonta Giribet and Distel, 2003 culaire dataofcombinaties daarvan wordt een overzicht Hierin ook de Anomalodesmata gegeven van de indeling van de gastropoden familiesin hogere eenheden (clades) die niet perse benoemd wor- Tot nu toe werden de Nuculoida, Solemyoida en Nucu- denals Orde ofSubklasse. lanoida ondergebracht in de Protobranchia Pelseneer, 10. Paleozoic Gastropoda. Gaat onderandere in op de mo- 1889. Alle vertegenwoordigers van de Nuculoida en de relatie gelijke tussen paleozoische Gastropoda taxa en Solemyoida hebbenals kenmerk tegenoverelkaar liggen- nu levende Gastropoda en de problemen bij de inter- dekieuwfilamenten langs de kieuw-as, vandaar de naam de pretatie van mogelijke samenhang. Opponobranchia. De Nuculanoidaworden beschouwdals 11. and Cocculinoidea. Patellogastropoda, Neritimorpha een zustergroep van derest van de Bivalvia (Autolamelli- Dit zij drieaparte gastropoden groepenwaarvan de plaat- branchiata). Of de Opponobranchia en deNuculanoida sa- AFZETTINGEN WTKG 31 (2), 2010 47 men de Protobranchiavormen, of dat de Opponobranchia de zustergroep (clade) is van de Nuculanoida en de Auto- lamellibranchiatais volgens Giribet (pag. 124) nog een punt van discussie en daarom beschouwt hij deze relatie voor- lopig nog niet als opgelost. Nuculanoidabehoren Tot de onder andere de genera Yol- Nuculana. de Nuculoida behoren zoals dia en Tot genera Nucula en Brevinucula, en het genus Solemya behoort tot de Solemyoida. De Heterodontaworden voor het eerst opgesplits in Archi- heterodontamet daarin de Crassatelloidea, Astartoidea en Carditoidea, en de Euheterodontatot deze laatste groep behoren behalve de Anomalodesmatamet families als on- der andere de Pholadomydae, Pandoridae, Thraciidae en Cuspidariidae, ook de bekende superfamilies Cardioidea, Chamoidea, Glossoidea, Lucinoidea, Tellinoidea en Ve- neroidea. Al met al een zeer lezenswaardig boek met veel nieuwig- heden, wat voor niet ingewijden in de cladische metho- dieken wel eens wat problemen kan opleveren. Voor deze lezers raad ik aan eerst Basics of Cladistic Analysis te le- zen, ditis een basaleinleiding, van 72 pagina’s, tot de cladis- tische analyse om tot fylogenetische stambomen te komen. Het is gratis te downloaden van het internet op dit adres: www.ciens.ucv.ve/~biovect/cursos/Cladistics-Lipscomb. pdf. Je kunt ook in Google ‘Cladistics’ intypen, dan krijg je diverse hits met bruikbare dingen onder andere het zo- juist genoemde http-adres. via Boeken kunt Nog een tip: Google u ‘Phylogeny and Evolution of the Mollusca’ gedeeltelijk doorbladeren. LeonardM.B. Vaessen, Les Bonins, FR37350 Le Petit Pressigny, Frankrijk, e-mail: [email protected].
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