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Stony Brook University
SSStttooonnnyyy BBBrrrooooookkk UUUnnniiivvveeerrrsssiiitttyyy The official electronic file of this thesis or dissertation is maintained by the University Libraries on behalf of The Graduate School at Stony Brook University. ©©© AAAllllll RRRiiiggghhhtttsss RRReeessseeerrrvvveeeddd bbbyyy AAAuuuttthhhooorrr... Invasions, Insurgency and Interventions: Sweden’s Wars in Poland, Prussia and Denmark 1654 - 1658. A Dissertation Presented by Christopher Adam Gennari to The Graduate School in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Stony Brook University May 2010 Copyright by Christopher Adam Gennari 2010 Stony Brook University The Graduate School Christopher Adam Gennari We, the dissertation committee for the above candidate for the Doctor of Philosophy degree, hereby recommend acceptance of this dissertation. Ian Roxborough – Dissertation Advisor, Professor, Department of Sociology. Michael Barnhart - Chairperson of Defense, Distinguished Teaching Professor, Department of History. Gary Marker, Professor, Department of History. Alix Cooper, Associate Professor, Department of History. Daniel Levy, Department of Sociology, SUNY Stony Brook. This dissertation is accepted by the Graduate School """"""""" """"""""""Lawrence Martin "" """""""Dean of the Graduate School ii Abstract of the Dissertation Invasions, Insurgency and Intervention: Sweden’s Wars in Poland, Prussia and Denmark. by Christopher Adam Gennari Doctor of Philosophy in History Stony Brook University 2010 "In 1655 Sweden was the premier military power in northern Europe. When Sweden invaded Poland, in June 1655, it went to war with an army which reflected not only the state’s military and cultural strengths but also its fiscal weaknesses. During 1655 the Swedes won great successes in Poland and captured most of the country. But a series of military decisions transformed the Swedish army from a concentrated, combined-arms force into a mobile but widely dispersed force. -
Robert Greene and the Theatrical Vocabulary of the Early 1590S Alan
Robert Greene and the Theatrical Vocabulary of the Early 1590s Alan C. Dessen [Writing Robert Greene: Essays on England’s First Notorious Professional Writer, ed. Kirk Melnikoff and Edward Gieskes (Aldershot and Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2008), pp. 25-37.\ Here is a familiar tale found in literary handbooks for much of the twentieth century. Once upon a time in the 1560s and 1570s (the boyhoods of Marlowe, Shakespeare, and Jonson) English drama was in a deplorable state characterized by fourteener couplets, allegory, the heavy hand of didacticism, and touring troupes of players with limited numbers and resources. A first breakthrough came with the building of the first permanent playhouses in the London area in 1576- 77 (The Theatre, The Curtain)--hence an opportunity for stable groups to form so as to develop a repertory of plays and an audience. A decade later the University Wits came down to bring their learning and sophistication to the London desert, so that the heavyhandedness and primitive skills of early 1580s playwrights such as Robert Wilson and predecessors such as Thomas Lupton, George Wapull, and William Wager were superseded by the artistry of Marlowe, Kyd, and Greene. The introduction of blank verse and the suppression of allegory and onstage sermons yielded what Willard Thorp billed in 1928 as "the triumph of realism."1 Theatre and drama historians have picked away at some of these details (in particular, 1576 has lost some of its luster or uniqueness), but the narrative of the University Wits' resuscitation of a moribund English drama has retained its status as received truth. -
Elizabeth I and Irish Rule: Causations For
ELIZABETH I AND IRISH RULE: CAUSATIONS FOR CONTINUED SETTLEMENT ON ENGLAND’S FIRST COLONY: 1558 - 1603 By KATIE ELIZABETH SKELTON Bachelor of Arts in History Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma 2009 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS May, 2012 ELIZABETH I AND IRISH RULE: CAUSATIONS FOR CONTINUED SETTLEMENT ON ENGLAND’S FIRST COLONY: 1558 - 1603 Thesis Approved: Dr. Jason Lavery Thesis Adviser Dr. Kristen Burkholder Dr. L.G. Moses Dr. Sheryl A. Tucker Dean of the Graduate College ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page I. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................... 1 II. ENGLISH RULE OF IRELAND ...................................................... 17 III. ENGLAND’S ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIP WITH IRELAND ...................... 35 IV. ENGLISH ETHNIC BIAS AGAINST THE IRISH ................................... 45 V. ENGLISH FOREIGN POLICY & IRELAND ......................................... 63 VI. CONCLUSION ...................................................................... 90 BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................ 94 iii LIST OF MAPS Map Page The Island of Ireland, 1450 ......................................................... 22 Plantations in Ireland, 1550 – 1610................................................ 72 Europe, 1648 ......................................................................... 75 iv LIST OF TABLES Table Page -
The Catholic Plots Early Life 1560 1570 1580 1590 1600
Elizabethan England: Part 1 – Elizabeth’s Court and Parliament Family History Who had power in Elizabethan England? Elizabeth’s Court Marriage The Virgin Queen Why did Parliament pressure Elizabeth to marry? Reasons Elizabeth chose Group Responsibilities No. of people: not to marry: Parliament Groups of people in the Royal What did Elizabeth do in response by 1566? Who was Elizabeth’s father and Court: mother? What happened to Peter Wentworth? Council Privy What happened to Elizabeth’s William Cecil mother? Key details: Elizabeth’s Suitors Lieutenants Robert Dudley Francis Duke of Anjou King Philip II of Spain Who was Elizabeth’s brother? Lord (Earl of Leicester) Name: Key details: Key details: Key details: Religion: Francis Walsingham: Key details: Who was Elizabeth’s sister? Justices of Name: Peace Nickname: Religion: Early Life 1560 1570 1580 1590 1600 Childhood 1569 1571 1583 1601 Preparation for life in the Royal The Northern Rebellion The Ridolfi Plot The Throckmorton Plot Essex’s Rebellion Court: Key conspirators: Key conspirators: Key conspirators: Key people: Date of coronation: The plan: The plan: The plan: What happened? Age: Key issues faced by Elizabeth: Key events: Key events: Key events: What did Elizabeth show in her response to Essex? The Catholic Plots Elizabethan England: Part 2 – Life in Elizabethan Times Elizabethan Society God The Elizabethan Theatre The Age of Discovery Key people and groups: New Companies: New Technology: What was the ‘Great Chain of Being’? Key details: Explorers and Privateers Francis Drake John Hawkins Walter Raleigh Peasants Position Income Details Nobility Reasons for opposition to the theatre: Gentry 1577‐1580 1585 1596 1599 Drake Raleigh colonises ‘Virginia’ in Raleigh attacks The Globe Circumnavigation North America. -
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On the Alleged Use of Keplerian Telescopes in Naples in the 1610S
On the Alleged Use of Keplerian Telescopes in Naples in the 1610s By Paolo Del Santo Museo Galileo: Institute and Museum of History of Science – Florence (Italy) Abstract The alleged use of Keplerian telescopes by Fabio Colonna (c. 1567 – 1640), in Naples, since as early as October 1614, as claimed in some recent papers, is shown to be in fact untenable and due to a misconception. At the 37th Annual Conference of the Società Italiana degli Storici della Fisica e dell'Astronomia (Italian Society of the Historians of Physics and Astronomy, SISFA), held in Bari in September 2017, Mauro Gargano gave a talk entitled Della Porta, Colonna e Fontana e le prime osservazioni astronomiche a Napoli. This contribution, which appeared in the Proceedings of the Conference (Gargano, 2019a), was then followed by a paper —actually, very close to the former, which, in turn, is very close to a previous one (Gargano, 2017)— published, in the same year, in the Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage (Gargano, 2019b). In both of these writings, Gargano claimed that the Neapolitan naturalist Fabio Colonna (c. 1567 – 1640), member of the Accademia dei Lincei, would have made observations with a so-called “Keplerian” or “astronomical” telescope (i.e. with converging eyepiece), in the early autumn of 1614. The events related to the birth and development of Keplerian telescope —named after Johannes Kepler, who theorised this optical configuration in his Dioptrice, published in 1611— are complex and not well-documented, and their examination lies beyond the scope of this paper. However, from a historiographical point of view, the news that someone was already using such a configuration since as early as autumn 1614 for astronomical observations, if true, would have not negligible implications, which Gargano himself does not seem to realize. -
Sweden in the Seventeenth Century
Sweden in the Seventeenth Century Paul Douglas Lockhart Sweden in the Seventeenth Century European History in Perspective General Editor: Jeremy Black Benjamin Arnold Medieval Germany, 500–1300 Ronald Asch The Thirty Years’ War Christopher Bartlett Peace, War and the European Powers, 1814–1914 Robert Bireley The Refashioning of Catholicism, 1450–1700 Donna Bohanan Crown and Nobility in Early Modern France Arden Bucholz Moltke and the German Wars, 1864–1871 Patricia Clavin The Great Depression, 1929–1939 Paula Sutter Fichtner The Habsburg Monarchy, 1490–1848 Mark Galeotti Gorbachev and his Revolution David Gates Warfare in the Nineteenth Century Alexander Grab Napoleon and the Transformation of Europe Martin P. Johnson The Dreyfus Affair Paul Douglas Lockhart Sweden is the Seventeenth Century Peter Musgrave The Early Modern European Economy J.L. Price The Dutch Republic in the Seventeenth Century A.W. Purdue The Second World War Christopher Read The Making and Breaking of the Soviet System Francisco J. Romero-Salvado Twentieth-Century Spain Matthew S. Seligmann and Roderick R. McLean Germany from Reich to Republic, 1871–1918 Brendan Simms The Struggle for Mastery in Germany, 1779–1850 David Sturdy Louis XIV David J. Sturdy Richelieu and Mazarin Hunt Tooley The Western Front Peter Waldron The End of Imperial Russia, 1855–1917 Peter G. Wallace The Long European Reformation James D. White Lenin Patrick Williams Philip II European History in Perspective Series Standing Order ISBN 0–333–71694–9 hardcover ISBN 0–333–69336–1 paperback (outside North America only) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. -
ENGLISH NAVAL STRATEGY INTHE 1590S
ENGLISH NAVAL STRATEGY INTHE 1590s SIMÓN ADAMS Profesor de Historia de la Universidad de Strathclyde Until quite recently, the Anglo-Spanish "War" in the period after the Armada of 1588 was one of the least studied subjects of the reign of Elizabeth. For many years, the standard narrative account of the 1590s was that published by the American historian E.P. Cheyney in two volumes in 1914 and 1926 (1). In the past decade, however, this situation has been transformed. Professor Wernham's edition of the List and Analysis ofState Papers Foreign Series (2) has been followed by his detailed study of military operations and diplomacy in the years 1588-1595 (3), and then by his edition of the documents relating to the "Portugal Voyage" of 1589 (4). Within the past two years, Professor MacCaffrey has published the final volume of his trilogy on Elizabeth's reign and Professor Loades his monograph on the Tudor Navy, while Dr. Hammer has completed his dissertation on the most controversial of the political figures of the decade, the 2nd Earl of Essex (5). Much therefore is a good deal clearer than it has been. Yet wider questions remain, particularly over the manner in which Elizabeth's government conducted the war with Spain. In their most recent work both Wernham and MacCaffrey argüe from positions they have established earlier: Wernham for a careful and defensive foreign and military policy, MacCaffrey for an essentially reactive one (6). This is a debate essentially about the queen herself, a particulary difficult The place of publication is understood to be London unless otherwise noted. -
THE JESUIT MISSION to CANADA and the FRENCH WARS of RELIGION, 1540-1635 Dissertation P
“POOR SAVAGES AND CHURLISH HERETICS”: THE JESUIT MISSION TO CANADA AND THE FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION, 1540-1635 Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Joseph R. Wachtel, M.A. Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2013 Dissertation Committee: Professor Alan Gallay, Adviser Professor Dale K. Van Kley Professor John L. Brooke Copyright by Joseph R. Wachtel 2013 Abstract My dissertation connects the Jesuit missions in Canada to the global Jesuit missionary project in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries by exploring the impact of French religious politics on the organizing of the first Canadian mission, established at Port Royal, Acadia, in 1611. After the Wars of Religion, Gallican Catholics blamed the Society for the violence between French Catholics and Protestants, portraying Jesuits as underhanded usurpers of royal authority in the name of the Pope—even accusing the priests of advocating regicide. As a result, both Port Royal’s settlers and its proprietor, Jean de Poutrincourt, never trusted the missionaries, and the mission collapsed within two years. After Virginia pirates destroyed Port Royal, Poutrincourt drew upon popular anti- Jesuit stereotypes to blame the Jesuits for conspiring with the English. Father Pierre Biard, one of the missionaries, responded with his 1616 Relation de la Nouvelle France, which described Port Royal’s Indians and narrated the Jesuits’ adventures in North America, but served primarily as a defense of their enterprise. Religio-political infighting profoundly influenced the interaction between Indians and Europeans in the earliest years of Canadian settlement. -
The Famine of the 1590S in Northern Italy. an Analysis of the Greatest “System Shock” of Sixteenth Century La Famine De 1590 En Italie Du Nord
Histoire & mesure XXVI-1 | 2011 Revisiter les crises The Famine of the 1590s in Northern Italy. An Analysis of the Greatest “System Shock” of Sixteenth Century La famine de 1590 en Italie du Nord. Une analyse de la plus grande « crise systémique » du XVIe siècle Guido Alfani Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/histoiremesure/4119 DOI: 10.4000/histoiremesure.4119 ISBN: 1957-7745 ISSN: 1957-7745 Publisher Éditions de l’EHESS Printed version Date of publication: 1 July 2011 Number of pages: 17-50 ISBN: 978-2-7132-2313-6 ISSN: 0982-1783 Electronic reference Guido Alfani, « The Famine of the 1590s in Northern Italy. An Analysis of the Greatest “System Shock” of Sixteenth Century », Histoire & mesure [Online], XXVI-1 | 2011, Online since 27 September 2012, connection on 19 April 2019. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/histoiremesure/4119 ; DOI : 10.4000/histoiremesure.4119 © Éditions de l’EHESS Histoire & Mesure, 2011, XXVI-1, p. 17-50 Guido ALFANI * The Famine of the 1590s in Northern Italy. An Analysis of the Greatest « System Shock » of Sixteenth Century Abstract. This article analyzes the extremely severe famine of the 1590s in northern Italy, triggered by several consecutive years of bad weather at a time of particularly acute population pressure on the available resources. Their failure fuelled a general « system shock » for the social, economic and demographic structures of Northern Italy, leading to protest, violence and general social and economic disorder. The article recurs to a large database of demographic time series to identify the areas struck worst by the famine. It then focuses on the region Emilia-Romagna, and lastly provides a case study of the rural town of Nonantola, for which rare data about age at death during the famine are used. -
2. Swedish Monetary Standards in a Historical Perspective1
2. Swedish monetary standards in a historical perspective1 Rodney Edvinsson 2.1. Introduction Since 1873 the krona (crown, abbreviated SEK), divisible into 100 öre, has been the main monetary unit in Sweden. Before that date Sweden had various domestic cur- rencies that were used as means of payment. In various periods there was a fluctuat- ing market exchange rate between these currencies. Inflation figures, for example, will therefore differ depending on which monetary unit one follows because the value of some currencies fell more over time than the value of others.2 This chapter classifies the monetary standards in Sweden from the Middle Ages to the present, and gives an overview of the various currencies that were in use. A com- modity standard was in place during most of Sweden’s history, while the fiat stan- dard is a rather late innovation. The classification into monetary standards is also related to the issue of debasement under the commodity standard and the mecha- nisms behind the rise of multiple currencies. Exchange rates of coins often deviated somewhat from the theoretical exchange rates based on the relations between their intrinsic metal values. The monetary history of Sweden provides examples of imme- diate as well as protracted adjustments of exchange rates and prices in response to debasement. The term “Sweden” used in this book could be questioned from a historical per- spective. Up to the 17th century, the monetary history of various regions within the present borders of Sweden coincided with Denmark’s. Since Finland was part of the kingdom of Sweden-Finland up to 1809, the monetary history of Sweden and Fin- 1 I want to thank especially Jan Bohlin, Bo Franzén, Klas Fregert, Cecilia von Heijne, Lars O. -
Resurrection Sunday April 5, 2015
The DC Pulse: Your Connection to a Church with a Heart for the Community Monthly Announcements April 2015 The Origin of the word “Easter” In old English, the word derives from Eastre (Northumbrian Eostre), from Proto- Germanic *austron-, "dawn," also the name of a goddess of fertility and spring, perhaps originally of sunrise, whose feast was celebrated at the spring equinox, from *aust- "east, toward the sunrise" (compare east), from PIE *aus- (1) "to shine" (especially of the dawn); seeaurora. Bede says Anglo-Saxon Christians adopted her name and many of the celebratory practices for their Mass of Christ's resurrection. Almost all neighboring languages use a variant of Latin Pascha to name this holiday. Easter egg attested by 1825, earlier pace egg (1610s). Easter bunny attested by 1904 in children's lessons; Easter rabbit is by 1888; the paganish customs of Easter seem to have grown popular circa 1900; before that they were limited to German immigrants. William Tyndale was the first to translate the Bible into English from the Greek and Hebrew. His New Testament (1525) uses the word Ester to refer to the Pascha. When the King James Version was created, it used the word "Passover." Celebrate the risen Savior! Resurrection Sunday April 5, 2015 CELEBRATE SENIOR BIRTHDAYS Rosa Ellis Robert Emerson Mary Caldwell April 1 April 4 April 5 Leroy White Dolores Hillyer-Hunter Albert Ray Harvey April 5 April 7 April 10 Suzanne Woodard Gertrude Patton Beatrice Hawkins April 15 April 18 April 22 Are you a senior adult with a birthday not listed? Call or email the church office.