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POTENSI TANAMAN REMPAH, OBAT DAN ATSIRI Menghadapi Masa Pandemi Covid-19 ISBN 978-979-548-062-4 POTENSI TANAMAN REMPAH, OBAT DAN ATSIRI Menghadapi Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian Kementerian Pertanian 2020 Science.Innovation.Networks www.litbang.pertanian.go.id Website : www.balittro.litbang.pertanian.go.id ISBN 978-979-548-060-0 ISBN 978-979-548-060-0 Potensi Tanaman Rempah, Obat dan Atsiri Menghadapi Masa Pandemi Covid 19 ISBN 978-979-548-060-0 (Nurliani Bermawie, dkk) Potensi Tanaman Rempah, Obat dan Atsiri Menghadapi Masa Pandemi Covid 19 Penanggung Jawab Kepala Balittro Dr. Ir. Evi Savitri Iriani, M.Si Ketua Dewan Redaksi Dr. Nurliani Bermawie Anggota Dewan Redaksi Ir. Octivia Trisilawati, M.Sc Dr. Ir. Sukamto, M.Agr. Sc R. Hera Nurhayati, SP Dr. Joko Pitono Redaksi Pelaksana Dra. Nur Maslahah, M.Si Anggota Redaksi Pelaksana Efiana, S.Mn Miftahudin Satrio ISBN 978-979-548-062-4 Design Sampul dan Tata Letak : Miftahudin Diterbitkan oleh: Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan Alamat Redaksi Jl. Tentara Pelajar No. 3 Kampus Penelitian Pertanian Cimanggu Bogor 16111 Email: [email protected] Tahun 2020 Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan KATA PENGANTAR Puji syukur kami panjatkan ke hadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas terselesaikannya penerbitan Edisi Khusus “Potensi Tanaman Rempah, Obat dan Atsiri Menghadapi Masa Pandemi covid 19”. Tanaman rempah, obat dan atsiri di Indonesia terdiri dari beragam spesies yang kadang kala sulit untuk dibedakan satu dengan yang lain. Bangsa Indonesia telah lama mengenal dan menggunakan tanaman berkhasiat obat sebagai salah satu upaya dalam menanggulangi masalah kesehatan. Kecenderungan masyarakat Indonesia beralih ke alam atau “Back to Nature” menjadi salah satu trend kebiasaan hidup kita sekarang ini khususnya untuk menjaga kesehatan tubuh agar tetap sehat. Dalam penerbitan edisi khusus ini diuraikan manfaat dan kegunaan jenis tanaman yang berkhasiat obat dan sekaligus masyarakat dapat lebih mengenal keanekaragaman hayati yang tersebar di pelosok negeri kita ini. Kami mengucapkan terima kasih kepada Tim Penyusun Penerbitan Edisi Khusus “Potensi Tanaman Rempah , Obat dan Atsiri Menghadapi Masa Pandemi covid 19” yang telah mencurahkan tenaga dan pikiran sehingga terbitan Edisi Khusus ini dapat terbit. Kami berharap dapat bermanfaat bagi semua pihak yang berkepentingan. Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat Kepala, Dr. Ir. Evi Savitri Iriani, M.Si NIP. 19680116 199403 2 002 i DAFTAR ISI Halaman KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................ i DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................... ii Cengkeh ........................................................................................ 1 Akar Manis ................................................................................... 8 Rosemary ...................................................................................... 11 Sage .............................................................................................. 14 Sangitan ........................................................................................ 16 Brotowali ...................................................................................... 18 Bawang Putih ................................................................................ 20 Daun Kapur ................................................................................... 22 Kunyit ........................................................................................... 24 Sambiloto ...................................................................................... 29 Pare ............................................................................................... 32 Jarak Pagar .................................................................................... 36 Eukaliptus Lemon ......................................................................... 38 Jahe Merah .................................................................................... 41 Jombang ........................................................................................ 46 Buah Merah .................................................................................. 48 Echinacea ...................................................................................... 53 Ketumbar ...................................................................................... 57 Jambu Biji ..................................................................................... 60 Mimba ........................................................................................... 63 Kembang Telang ........................................................................... 65 Pohon Teh ..................................................................................... 72 Jamblang ....................................................................................... 75 Benying ......................................................................................... 77 Lemon ........................................................................................... 79 Suren ............................................................................................. 82 Temu Kunci .................................................................................. 86 Teh Hijau ...................................................................................... 90 Artemisia ...................................................................................... 93 Jati Belanda ................................................................................... 96 Pacar Air ....................................................................................... 99 Temulawak ................................................................................... 102 Ketepeng ....................................................................................... 105 Sirih Merah ................................................................................... 108 ii Seledri ........................................................................................... 113 Lidah Buaya .................................................................................. 116 Tapak Liman ................................................................................. 121 Selasih ........................................................................................... 124 Temu Ireng ................................................................................... 130 Adas .............................................................................................. 135 Daun Mint ..................................................................................... 140 Mengkudu ..................................................................................... 144 Jeruk Nipis .................................................................................... 147 Meniran ......................................................................................... 151 Kelor ............................................................................................. 155 Lengkuas ....................................................................................... 158 Kapulaga 165 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................. 168 iii Potensi Tanaman Rempah, Obat dan Atsiri Menghadapi Masa Pandemi covid 19. CENGKEH (Nurliani Bermawie) Nama Lokal Cengkeh (Indonesia, Jawa, Sunda),: bunga rawan (Sulawesi), bungeu lawang (Sumatra), wunga Lawang (Bali), cangkih (Lampung), sake (Nias), bengeu lawang (gayo), engke (Bugis), sinke (flores): canke (Ujung pandang), gomode (Halmahera, Tidore) (Hapsoh, 2011; Oktavia, 2010). Latin Syzygium aromaticum L. Merril & Perril. Asing Clove (Inggris), 1 Potensi Tanaman Rempah, Obat dan Atsiri Menghadapi Masa Pandemi covid 19. Sistimatika/Klasifikasi: Divisi : Spermatophyta Subdivisi : Angiospermae Kelas : Dicotyledoneae Bangsa : Myrtales Famili : Myrtaceae Marga : Syzygium Spesies : Syzygium aromaticum L. Deskripsi: Cengkeh merupakan tanaman tahunan berkayu menyerbuk silang, tingginya dapat mencapai > 30 m tergantung umur tanaman. Bentuk kanopi kerucut silindris sampai membulat, Tanaman ini mampu bertahan hidup hingga lebih dari 100 tahun dan tumbuh dengan baik di daerah tropis dengan ketinggian sampai 1000 meter di atas permukaan laut (dpl). Tanaman cengkeh memiliki 4 jenis akar yaitu akar tunggang, akar lateral, akar serabut dan akar rambut. Batang cengkeh tunggal atau membagi 2-3, berwarna coklat. Daun dari tanaman cengkeh merupakan daun tunggal yang kaku dan bertangkai sedang sampai panjang dengan panjang tangkai daun sekitar 2 3 cm. Daun cengkeh berbentuk elip lanset sampai lonjong lebar dengan bagian terlebar di tengah sampai menuju ujung daun, bentuk ujung dan pangka daun lancip smpai runcing, tepi rata sampai berombak, tulang daun menyirip, panjang daun 6 13 cm dan lebarnya 2,5 5 cm. Daun tua berwarna hijau sampai hijau delap, sedangkan warna daun muda cengkeh bervariasi dari hijau muda, hijau kemerahan sampai merah. Tanaman cengkeh mulai berbunga setelah berumur 3,5 tahun, tergantung keadaan lingkungannya. Bunga cengkeh tumbuh dalam bentuk rangkaian/tandan bunga, yang tumbuh pada tunas terminal. Setiap tandan terdiri dari 2-3 cabang yang bisa bercabang lagi. Jumlah bunga per malai sangat bervariasi tergantung potensi genetik dan kondisi lingkungan. Jumlah bunga
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