I The NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
APRIL, 1946 The American Horticultural Society
PRESENT ROLL OF OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS April,1945
OFFICERS P1'esident, Dr. David V. Lll:IIlSden, Silver Spring, Md. First Vice-President, Mr. Wilbur H. Youngman, Washington, D. C. Second Vice-President, Mrs. Robert Woods Btiss, Washington, D. C. Secr HONORARY VICE-PRESIDENTS Mr. H. W. Hart, Pres., Mr. Arthur Hunt Osmum, Pres., American Begonia Society, American Rock Garden Society, 1314 Dorothy Drive, 57 Sandford Ave., Glendale, Calif. Plainfield, N. J. Dr. H. Harold Hume, Mr. John Benny, Jr., Pres., American Camellia Society, American Rhododendron Society, University of Florida, Brooks, Oregon Gainesville, Fla. Mr. Harry L. Erdman, Pres., Mr. Thomas J. Newbill, Pres., American Rose Society, American Delphinium Society, Hershey, Pennsylvania 234 S. Brainard Ave., La Grange, lllino;s Mr. Wm. T. Marshall, Pres. Emeritus, Dr. Frederick L. Fagley, Pres., Cactus & Succulent Society of America, American Fern Society, 327 North Ave., 61 287 Fourth Ave., Los Angeles, Calif. New York 10, N. Y. Mrs. John H. Cunningham, Pres., Mr. Jesse E. Wills, Pres., Herb Society of America, American Iris Society, 53 Seaver St. National Bldg., Brookline, Mass. Nashville, Tenn. Mr. M. C. Lichtenwa!ter, Pres., Mr. George W. Peyton, Pres., Midwest Hortlcultural Society American Peony Society, 5'061 N. St. Louis Ave., Rapidan, Va. Chicago 25, Ill. SOCIETIES AFFILIATED WITH THE AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 1946 Akron Garden Center, Br-istow Garden Club, 226 South Main St., Mrs. R. L. Jones, Pres., Akron, Ohio Box 660, Bristow, Okla. Arlington County Garden Club, Mrs. Lewis H. Weld, Pres., California Garden Oubs, Inc., 6613 N. Washington Blvd., Mrs. J. A. Simmington, East Falls Church, Va. 870 Chida Vista Ave., American Fuchsia Society, Pasadena, Calif. Headquarters: Calif. Acad. of Sciences, California Horticultural Society, Golden Gate Park, Miss Cora R. Brandt, Secretary, San Francisco, Calif. 300 Montgomery St., American Rose Society, San Francisco, Calif. Dr. R. C. Allen, Seey., Box 687, Harrisburg, Pa. Canadian Lily Society, Bonne Terre Garden Club, ""- % Mr. Arthur Pfeiffer, Mrs. Robert Moran, Secy., 520 Duke St., Bonne Terre, Mo. Preston, Ontario Publication Offi oe. 02nd St. and Elm Ave., Baltimore, Md. Entered a. second·cla•• matter Janua 17 27. 1Q H2 at l.he Post Office al Baltimore. Md., un'der the Act of August 24, 1912. Chestnut Hill Garden Club, Georgetown Garden Club, Mrs. Bryan S. Perman, 'freas., Mrs. Carroll Greenough, Pres., 41 Lrafts H.d., 1408 31st St., N. W., Chestnut Hill, Mass. Washington, D. C. Chevy Chase (D. C.) Garden Llub, Greeley Garden Club, .\'1rs. Perley G. Nutting, Pres., Mrs. Asa T . Jones, Jr., 3~ 1() Uliver ::it., 1703-11th Ave., Chevy Chase, D. l... Greeley, Colo. Chevy Chase (.Md.) Garden Club, Home Garden Club of Denver, Mrs. Frederick VV. Connolly, Pres., Mrs. Willi'am P. Mellen, Pres , 4437 Reservoir Rd., 4864 Tennyson St., Washington, D. C. Denver, Colo. Chicago Horticultural Society, 135 So. La Salle St., Indian Head Garden Club, Chicago 3, III. Mrs. Frank A. Bolton, Pres .. Chico Horticultural Society, Pomonkey, Md. 11 44 W. 3rd St., 1. B. M. Country Club, Chico, Calif. R.R. No. 2, Johnson City, N. Y Community Garden Club of Bethesda. Kendall Garden Club, )'1rs. A. C. Ehlshlager, Pres., Miss Edith M. Edgerton, 3 AI·bemarle St., Rt. 3, Box 568, Washington 16, D. C. P ortland 6, Ore. Dallas Garden Club (Founders' Group) , Longmont Garden Club, Mrs. Sam B. Dickinson, Callahan House, Terry St.. 1218 N. Clinton, LongllJont, Colo. Dallas 8, Texas Elmira Garden Club, Men's Garden Club of Phoenix, Miss Mida D. Smith, Secy., Mr. Maurice J . Bradford, Pres .. 743 W. Clinton St., Elmira, N. Y. Rt. 1, Box 826, Fauquier & Loudon Garden Club, Phoenix, Ariz. Mrs. Warren Snider, Pres., Michigan H orticultural Society, Leesburg, Va. Mr. Earl Bailey, Exec. Sec'y, Federated G.c. of Cincinnati and Vicinity, 2631 Woodward Ave., Mrs. Charles Bosworth, Pres., Detroit, Mich. 2425 Ingleside Place, Midwest Horticultural Society, Cincinnati, Ohio 100 North Central Park Blvd .. Forest Hills Garden Club, Chicago 24. Illinois Mrs. Richard V. Mattingly, Pres., Northern Nut Growers Assn., 3701 Cumberland St., N. W ., Mr. Carl Weschcke, Pres., Washington, D. C. 96 S. Wabash St., Fort Belvoir Garden Club, St. Paul, Minn. Mrs. James N. O'Neil, Pres., Fort Belvoir, Va. N.R. Garden Club, Garden CeNter of Greater Cincinnati, Miss Essie K. Hurff, Hort. Com., Walnut and Central Parkway, Suffolk, Va. Cincinnati 10, Ohio Ohio Association of Garden Clubs, Garden Center of Greater Cleveland, Mr. Victor Ries, East Boulevard at Euclid Ave., Ohio State Univer (Colltillued 011 illside back cover) The National Horticultural Magazine Vol. 2S Copyright, 1946, b y THE A'rERJOA N HORTIOU LTURAL SOaI'ET'Y No. Z APRIL, 1946 CONTENTS PAGE Concerning Marigolds ______103 Verschaffelt's Nouvelle Iconographie des Camellias. GEORGE GRAVES ______149 Disease Resistant and Hardy Varieties of Vegetables. VICTOR R. BOSWELL 158 Hybrid Clivi as for Distinction and Beauty. KARL WALTER OPITZ ______164 Rock Garden Notes: A qt£itegia pinetorU11!L. GEORGE B. FUR NIS S______168 Campa1~ ula lasiocarpa. SARAH V. COOMBS ______169 The Mustard Family. ROBERT M . SE NIOR ______169 Rhododendron Notes: Rhododendrons in the N ort·hwest. J. E . HADDEN ______171 Rhododendron 1'e tio£latum ______.. ______171 Azalea, S ei -gets u ______~______17? How Tall is a Kurume ?______172 Narcissus Notes: Notes from Alaoama. MRS. J. T. HACKNEY ______174 Notes from Kansas, 1945. MRS . W . B. MILLS ______176 My Daffodils, Clinton, N. Y. MISS GLADYS POWELL .______.______171 Narcissus, Q uetta ______178 Cactus and Succulents: Cleistocacti. the Firecracker Cactus. \lV . TAYLOR NIARSHALL ______180 Easter Cactus. W. TAYLOR MARSHALL ______.. ______181 The Cacti of a Desert Section. ROBERT E. FLORES ______183 Death Valley Flora. W . TAYLOR MARSHALL ______187 Pediocact~(, S Simpsoni. W. TAYLOR MARSHALL ______188 Epiphyllums, Phyllocacti, O rchid Cacti. W. TAYLOR MARSHALL ______190 A Book 0 r Two ______.______193 The Gardener's Pocketbook: From the Midwest Horticultural Society : ELDRED GREEN Adiantum pedatum ______.. ______19 S Calystegia ______.______1') 5 Spirea Billi{/;rdii ______.______196 Prunus X Eileen. F. L. SKINNER ______196 E rythroniums. MRS. H . F . STE'vVART ______197 Rutger's T Gmato. Nbs. H. F. STEWART ______197 My Daisy Border. MRS. CLYDE E. MARSI-L ______198 A Shrub or Two in Connecticut. ELLIOT S. FOOTE. ______198 Wild Blue Indigo. MRS . H. P . MAGERS ______200 L orap e tal~£m chinens e ______202 Chl,011anthus r e tus~£s ______202 Calliopsis ______20-1- N iCQtiana ------______206 ., P ublished qu a rt er l ~· b), The Ameri ('a n H orticult ul'al Societ)'. Publica tion offi ce, 32nd S t. nnd E lm Ave ._ Baltimore, Md. Editorial offi ce. Rool11 8 21, ''''asiling ton J..J oan and Trust Buildin O' , "\Vashinaton. D. C. Contlribu f. ions from all members are cOL'diall'y invited and s hould b e sent to the Editorial oOffic e_ A_ sub.scription to the lnagazin e is included in th e ann ual dues to all membel" s; to non -members th e pl"l ce IS seventy-five cents a copy. three dollars n year. Claude H ope [See page 1-161 Tagetes signata pu.1nila Concerning Marigolds Each year the maga~ ine-rea din g 'producers' conditions and to find how American public is treated to a series far such a test mi ght go toward ap of articles in which the novelties in the proximating the tenderly nurtured field of annual plants are reported with 'specialists' plants. Looki ng back, it is photographs that tend to a dreary now regretted that all the marigolds sameness of fat overfed bl00ms quite in the 1945 market were not purchased deyoid of any virtue save their fatness. so that once and for all , the whole Little is said in the public prints as to story could be recorded, but this very the committee that made the selections lack of completion, while indefensible and the awards and less is said about from one point of view, is perhaps not the cultural procedures that produced unlike the practice of the ordinary buy the plants to be judged or the photo ing public. graphs for popular consumption. From The members who risked the trial what can be learned 'behind scenes' were Miss Estelle Sharp who lives in the materials are gr0wn under what Pennsylvania; Mr. 1. N. A nderson, may be conceived of as ideal oonditions, who lives in Pass Christian, Miss.; Mr. with trained gardeners to attend the Claude Hope who was then gardening greenhouse sowing, later transplantings in Costa Rica and the editor who has and usuall y a ·fine open fi eld for the hi s garden just outside of Vvashing final readings. ton. D. C Each of them wil! speak for Almost nothing of this has the themselves as to the co nditions under slightest relation to the happenings in which they planted the seed and so on, the garden of the general seed-buying but it should ,be recorded here that no public. Rightly or wrongly the publi c request was made of any, to work out that buys the seed mayor will disregard an elaborate a11d solemn reco rd, merely instructions, sow too early or too late, the facts that would interest any con plant in shade instead of sun, fail to sum er: what seed germinated and how transplant and all the rest 'of it. Doubt well, bow long it took to the first fl ow less this makes the producers groan a ering. pe rso nal likes and dislikes that little, but as they already have their were aroused in the progress of the money, they won't groan too desper cropping ! The editor has not attempted ately. to "coordinate" the results which are \ iV ith the cooperation of three mem not complete in a.ny case. nor has any. bers of the Society, the ed itor bGught effort been made to " interpret" the from four seed houses, a group of mari findings . Capitali zed color terms In gold seeds which were divided among dicate the familiar Ridgway. the four and subjected to ordinary His ow n chief duty was to get garden procedures. neither better nor photographic material of all , so that if worse than what anyone of the great photographs from the other tests were American buying public might offer. not forthcoming. there would be some No thought was had to di scredit any thing to report in that fashion. Since of the offerings: it was merely hoped Mr. H ope was successful in getting to show how the plants performed picture. those used come from both under these 'consumers' rather than sources. [1031 104 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL i'vIAGAZINE Apr., 19·Hi P e1'1 11 sylvania but earlier and with fl owers, lemon Seeds were sown in a coldframe with yellow rather than green yellow. the exception of those of Flash, sown in the field. The only fertilizer used Mississippi was a trowelful of rotted leafmold The soil 111 this area is essentially mixed with wood ashes and placed in sandy and li ght in texture with con the hole at transplanting time. Plants siderable humus, which is increased by were grown on land formerly manured the usual practices in cultivation. The and used many years for vegetable best time for sowing annuals is in gardening. Only one dozen plants of February when there is sufficient heat each variety were grown. There were to insure good germination and time 56 varieties though there were seed enough to allow adequate development from 65 packages, the difference rep of the plants before the long period of resenting duplications. summer heat sets in. Seeds for this A few preliminary remarks may be test were sown in April. Germination entered here not as a tightly knit began in three days with such varie summary but rather as points of in ties as Sunkist, Double Harmony, terest. Scarlet Glow, Spry and the other Only two varieties, Clinton and dwarf French types. Nearly all the Oriole, were attacked ,by Japanese other varieties germinated by the fifth beetles. and sixth days. Two, Red and Gold O utstanding varieties: F r e n c h Hybrids and Wildfire took 13 days. Double, Harmony, Scarlet Gem and Sowing was done in the open and Sunkist ; French single, Flash; French transplanting was made into well Tall, Flaming Fire; Hybrid, Idabelle fertilized borders with other plants. Firestone: African, P eony-fl owered, Positions sunny, but not in fu ll sun for Orange Supreme; African Carnation the entire day. flowered, Mayling, Yellow Supreme. Early to bloom: Butterball, Har Washingt01-1 D. C. mony, Mahogany, Spry, Sunkist. Flash, All sowing was done out of doors, Flaming Fire, Wildfire, Yellow Pygmy, May 18th where there was excellent P ot 0' Gold, Early Sunshine. germination except as noted. First Varieties killed by frost before transplanting during the first week in blooming: Gold en Ball, Australian June with a second transplanting of Giants. the 7 spaced plants during the last Varieties which the casual observer week in June. An experimental trans woul d never mistake: Goldsmith, May planting of the Dwarf French types ling, Ferdinand, Tagetes Sig1Wta. was made in J uly, with a severe prun pU117ila . ing of the tops. This, though accom Each of the 56 varieties was distinct panied by careful watering had 110 from all the others although in some adverse affect on the growth and de cases the distinguishing characteris velopment of the plants but did delay tics were not particularly favorable the mass production of later fl owers. from the point of view of the horti The soil is a good mica schist, that had culturist. For example: Fire Cross is been fertilized for vegetables but which similar to Legion of Honor but slower had been lyi ng fa llow for several years. to 'bloom. Clinton is similar to Tetra The situation was in good sunshine but is tall er and the fl owers are sma l1 er. for about 5 to 6 hours per day after Early Sunshine is similar to Lim elight which shadows from distant trees fell Apr., 19-16 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 105 Robert L. Taylor African AUdouble Orange 106 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1946 over it. No fertilizer was given and divided and planted at both locations. no other care than watering at the Otherwise, all the plants were set at times of transplanting. The site was San AntQnio, at 4200 feet. This proved high and has g-ood air drainage so that to be an error because of difference in the frosts of October 3d had no affect soil fertility of the two places. It was on the plants which were not killed well known that the soils of San unti l the much heavier frost of N ovem Antonio were badly leached and im ber 3. mediately after planting sesame seed meal was appli ed. As luck would have Costa Rica, C. A. it, however, li ttle rain fell in the suc A word -of explanation is necessary ceeding three or four weeks and the concerning the conditions in Costa Rica fe rtilizer did not become immediately before -considering the varietal com available. As a consequence the plants pariso n. First of all , it may surprise were very slow in growing off and many readers to learn that the tem many failed to recover. pe ratures averaged lower than those At the lower elevation, Turrialba, in the greater portion of the United the soil was much better and the plants States. Appreciable and consistent grew off very satisfactorily. differences ;n temperature are associ In many instances, a variety suc ated with even small differences in ceeded only at T urrialba. In those elevation in the tropics. The marigold cases that afforded comparisons at plantings were made at elevations of both sites, it was found that the growth 2000 and 4200 feet. At the former the was harder and more compact and the daily maximum temperatures were col·ors richer at San Antonio. In the aroun d 78 to 86 degrees Fahrenheit French varieties, the plants were ap and the daily minima were from 60 to preciably shorter. To judge by the 65 degrees. At the higher elevation, the catalogue descriptions, the growth in temperatures were about 10 degrees the lower temperatures was approxi lowe r. At both places, they were re mately typical of that in the United markably consistent, seldom falling States, in the French varieties. The outside the ranges indicated. Com reverse was true of the African varie pared to the summers in the United ties, in which the growth seemed more States. both locations are. of course. typical in the Turrialba planting. cool. The lower elevation would rough Since both the French and the ly correspond to summers in the higher African types are native to the tropics, parts of the mountainous regions of it is not surprising that they showed the South and \Vest and to the south no adverse reaction to the short days ern Pacific Coast. the Great Lakes that are characteristic of the summers region and upstate New York. The of the tropics. higher elevation would correspond to Of the main comparison, all the the northern Pacific Coast and New seeds were sown on 11 May. On 27 England. Of course, the growing May, an additional small group was season is not limi ted in Costa Rica as sown. consisting of a resowing of in all the North American locations. varieties that germinated poorly and nor are there the initial and terminal of two or three that were not in the cold periods so characteristic of the ori ginal set. Later still. on July 2, temperate zone summer. another sowing was made of new lots \ Vhen the number of plants of a of seed of varieties which had fai led variety exceeded 12 to 15. it was 111 the fi rst sowings and of a few Apr., 1946 THE NA TIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 107 Claude Hope L emon Queen varI etIes not included in the original di rect companson could be made, lots. These last were all planted at therefore, between the two lots but Turrialba and for some reason did not some comment is possibl e concerning pe rform as well as the first lot. No the vari eties. 108 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1946 No color chart was available but Spry is on ly a dwarf Harmony; Ma most of the African varieties were hogany and Robert Beist. Among the compared directl y and ranked by color. Afri can varieties, one would not need The fo llowing list gives the varieties to grow both Alldouble L emon, Lemon arranged in -order from lightest to Queen, and Oriole; Clinton and T etra; darkest tone. It was not possible to Early Sunshine and Sunrise; Golden include some varieties. Eagle, Golden Emblem, and Victory; Golden West and Guinea Gold; Gold Color Scale of African VG1-ieties: smith and Yellowstone; Orange Sunset Limelight, Mayling, Yellow Su and Orange Supreme; Pot 0' Gold and preme, Crown Prince, Canary Bird, T om Thumb Golden Crown. It isn't Mammoth Mum, (All double Lem that these varieties can't be distin on ),* (Lemon Q ueen), Early Sun gui shed; no real duplicates were dis shine, Oriole, Golden Supreme, Gold covered among the African varieties en Bedder, Golden Jubilee, Yellow and onl y three pairs of the French stone, Goldsmith, Golden Emblem, vari eties appeared to be duplicates. Golden Eagle, Victory, Pot 0' Gold, In defense of the seedsmen, it must Tetra, Orange Supreme, (Orange also be recorded that among the groups Sunset), * (Clinton ), Crown of Gold, of essential duplicates listed above Alldouble Orange. among the African varieties odorless * No difference could be detected fo li age sometimes constitutes the chief between the members of the pairs en distinction. For example, Clinton, closed in parenthesis. Oriole, and Golden West have odor It is unfortunate that Guinea Gold , less fol iage. This must be considered the prototype of the modern carnation an achievement for the breeder rather flowered marigold, 00uld not be in than otherwise, making it possible for cluded in the color scale, due to a one to "follow hi s nose" without giv complete failure of the seeds to germin ing up some other feature. ate. It was grown in the last group To offset the above grouping. ~he sown but by that time the varieties truly desirable, distinctives varieties closest to it in color had gone by. It must be recorded. To consider first the is possible, and likely, that it would French group, we have Butterball with fit in between Victory and Pot 0' Gold its somewhat elongate yellow fl owers where a slight gap was noticed between flecked at the tips of the petals with the otherwise regular succession of brown; Ferdinand with its gay co lors tones. Buff Beauty almost fa il ed and of dark red rays and yell ow disc florets; could not be included. the Firecross-Legion of Honor pair As usual in a garden species that has with its neat growth and many golden had a good working-over by the seeds yellow fl owers, blotched with crimson men, there were some duplications and in the centers; Flaming Fire, gay with near duplications among the varieties. its vari able blotches and polka dots of For example, there would never be red on a yellow field ; Flash. truly out any need to grow, among the French standing with its mass of large, bril varieties, both Butterball and Gold liant. orange-scarlet, single flowers; crest; Firecross and Legion of Honor; Golden Ball ( not to be confused with Gold Striped and Royal Scot; Har the African by that name) with its mony, Spotlight, an d perhaps Spry. excepti onally large, very double flowers unless one wants both large and small of deep gold; the Gold Striped-Royal plants with the same fl ower type, for Scot pair, if you like gypsy colors; Apr., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGA Z[)JE 109 Robert L. Taylor B££jf Beaut')l Harmony with its many superior quali fl owers; Scarlet Glow for its large t ies, thoroughbred that it is ; Lemon double showy-red flowers with a dis Ball (again not the African variety) tinct scarlet glow; Sunkist for a long with its myriads of clear yellow, double season of perfectly formed, double, 110 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1946 orange jewels; Wildfire, a tall Legion and Sunkist were early, while Golden of Honor, with slightly larger fl owers, Ball and Australian Giant were late, and finally, Yellow Pigmy with its the latter, decidedly so. very dwarf plant carrying clear yellow Much more spread was noted among fl owers in quantities. the African varieties with respect to In the African group, warmly satis the date of the first fl ower. Earliest fac tory vanetles were : Alldouble were Pot 0 ' Gold, Golden Bedder, Orange, darkest of the large-flowered Early Sunshine, Limelight, Canary group; Canary Bird for its light yel Bird, Crown of Gold, and Crown low fj-owers that blend so well ; Crown Prince. Latest were Tetra, Golden Su of Gold fo r its very dark color and preme and Mammoth Mum, the latter, strong stems; Crown Prince, although especially so. identical in type with Crown of Gold, In preparing the notes that follow, for its pale yellow fl owers; Early Sun the editor has combined the notes shine for its spreading branches, early from the different sources adding the and long season of bloom and tidy locality at the conclusion of the remarks fl owers; Golden Bedder fo r its early of each reporter. The varieties have fl owers and neat branching habit; been grouped according to the types Golden Supreme for its large flowers of fl ower, within the two sections, i.e. of distinctive form ; the Goldsmith African and French. Yellowstone pair for medium tone ALLDOUBLE LEMON. African chrysanthemum type Howers; Lemon tall double, ball Howered. This variety Queen for its large lemon-yellow fl ow with typically odorous foliage lived up ers in great abundance; Limelight for to its name in both respects. The its tidy pale fl owers, though some may fl owers were slightly smaller than object to the green tint, and its spread those of Oriole and Lemon Queen, ing branches ; Mammoth Mum for all which they resemble. The fl ower pe the world like an incurved chrysan duncles were strong enough to be themum, by all odds the largest of its worthy of note. Costa Rim. Sown, May type ; Mayling f'Dr its soft yellow fl ow 26, .first bloom, August 16 ; all came ers, lightest of all the carnation-flow true to type and reached 5 feet. P en1'l . ered type, and its many tiers of ruffled Good flo wers, sparse bloomer, too tall. ray fl orets standing out like the much Miss. Tall, excellent growth habits. ruffled skirt of a ballet dancer in a D. pirouette; Orange Sunset for its rich good fl owers. C. Sown May 18, orange fl owers of great size and sub first bloom, September 12. Light Cad mium. stance; the dwarf Pot 0' Gold for its earliness, dwarf habit, and spreading ALLDOUBLE ORANGE. African branches; Victory for the size and tall double, ball fl owered. A counter abundance of its flowers; Yellow Su part of Alldouble Lemon except in preme for its large peony-type fl owers color and size of fl owers. It had the of pale yellow. darkest orange fl owers of all the Afri \i\fhen grouped as to date of the can varieties. Two or three plants pro first fl ower, the French varieties show duced very tight doubles like the old a rather restricted range, spreading fashioned sorts. the rest differed little over about 4 weeks, inasmuch as pre fron) the carnation-flowered type. Costa cocity is the rule. However it should Rica. Sown, May 26, first flower be recorded that Butterball, Ferdinand, August 21; one plant with single Flaming Fire, Flash, Harmony, Spry, fl owers, one with butter yellow and Apr., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 111 Claude Hope Canary Bi,·d n'Ot 'Orange. Penn. Good flowers, much flowered forms. D. C. Sown May 18, t()O large for their very weak stems. first bloom September 4. Orange. Afiss. Excellent growth, more vigorous LEMON QUEEN. African tall than AlldoubJe Lemon, several single double, ball flower type. Lemon Queen 112 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 19-1 6 belongs to the now small group .of old May 18, first fl ower A ugust 30 ; Em fashioned marigolds with tight double r ire yellow, D. C. fl owers, or so the catalogu e claims. POT O 'GOLD. African dwarf Actually the flow ers differed li ttle from double, carnation-fl owered. This, per those of the carnation fl owered type. haps is a forerunner of a new race of As a variety it differed from Alldouble dwarf bedding plants with large,carna Lemon only ,by its slightly larger size. tion-type fl owers. Though not of the Costa Rica. Sown May 26, first fl owers, largest, the bright orange fl owers were A ugust 27. Larger fl ower than All large, and were produced very early double Lemon. All true to type save one. Penn. Poor plant and poor fl ow 011 spreading braned plants not exceed ers. Miss. No report. D . C. ing 18 inches. The stems were quite long enough for cutting. It must be BUFF BEAUTY African dwarf noted that the dwarf plant is obtained double, carnation-fl owered, .odorless at expense of fl ower production and fo liage. T he seeds germinated poorly, that, as often harpens, the season was only four plants resulting. A ll were short. Costa Rica. Sown May 14. first planted at San Antonio with disastrous fl ower July 8; Uniform in character, results. Costa Rica. Sown, May 14, fol iage sparse for size of bloom. A first flower, August 5; rather deep for little more sturdy than Golden Bedder. " buff." Odorless. Poor germination, Orange. Pellll. Started out with good shorter growth than others of this type. growth but with poor color of stems P en1~ . Very good fl owers, good plan~s, and fo li age and then died. Miss. ~o midseas·on to late. Miss. Sown, May report. D. C. 18, first fl owers, A ugust 27. Light MA YLING. medium dOll Cadmium, shaded 111 the heart with ~A..frican Deep Chr·ome. D. C. ble, carnation-flowered, odorless foli age. It is diffi cul t to put a finger on the GOLDEN CRO \.\TN , TOM exact source of the charm of this THUMB. African dwarf, carnation delightful new variety; whether it is in fl owered. This variety was sown only the mellow quality of the pale yellow in July, but performed very well. No fl owers or in the quilled petals, or in direct comparison was possible, but, the frilling at the edges of the petals it seemed to be identical with the or the depth of the large fu lly open vari ety Pot 0' Gold. Costa Rica. double fl owers. The plants are a little too large to be called dwarf yet they CANARY BIRD. African medium are not tall. Likewise, the branching double, carnation-flowered, odo rl ~ss seems midway between the usual dwarf fo liage. The plants were of medium type and the tall type. It is definitely height with spreading branches . The a desirable varietv. Costa Rica. SO\\'n medium-sized flowers with ruffled rays May 14, first fl o\~er, September 8: al fit neatly, as a carnation-fl owered type most cactus-fl owered. Faint odor. O ui te about midway of th e lightest quarter distinct and worth growing again. of the color scale. It is a color that sets P em1 . Died before fl owering. 111iss. of orange in a fin e fashion. Costa R ica. Sown, May 18 fi rst fl ower, September Sown, May 14, first fl ower August 12 ; Pinard Yellow, shaded Btlff l f l 17; not such large fl owers as described, low. D. C. shorter than most in growth. P enn. Strong, uniformly tall plants, good VICTORY. African medium dou fl owers, uni form color. lit! iss. Sown, ble, carnation-fl owered. A variety of Apr., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAE' MAGAZINE 113 ;, ... I ". Robert L. Taylor Gigal1tea, Pot 0' Gold medium tone that approaches Mayling were of good size. In appraIsIng the in the form of the fl ower, but somehow varieties in an over-all survey, it was escapes the charm of that variety. It grouped with Golden Eagle and Golden was "ery .productive and the fl owers Emblem with which it is nearly iden- 114 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1946 tical 111 tone. Among the three, Vic of the carnation-flowered type is still tory is definitely superior in form of a good variety, both because the color flower and in abundance of flowering. falls in the middle range and the size The plants, however, are not as large, of th~ ' plant is convenient. There is no not quite attaining 30 inches. Costa essential choice between it and Golden Rica. Sown May 14, first flower Sep West. Costa. Rica. Seed sown, May tember 8; quite floriferous. Height 3 26. first flower August 28; did not do feet. Paler than Guinea Gold and more very well, perhaps crowded. Penn. No ruffled. Regular in form . P e11,n. Poor germination. Miss. and D. C. weak plants. Miss. No rep0rt. D. C. ORIOLE. African tall double, car CLINTON. African tall double, nation-flowered. odmless foliage. In carnation-flowered, odorless foliage. other than the lemon shade of the flow Aside from the dark tone of the flow ers, which is distinct among the carna ers, darkest of all of this type, there tion types and particularly among those was nothing truly distinctive about this of odorless foliage, Oriole failed to variety. The plants were of medium achieve distinction with this observer. height and the fl owers of medium size Costa Rica. Seeds sown, May 14, first with moderately ruffled petals. Costa first fl owers September 3; not as showy Rica. Seed sown, May 14, first flowers as Golden Supreme but rather similar ; August 27; taller than Tetra. rather foliage thinner. Beetles ate it. Penn. similar in color, foliage with little odor Died before blooming. Miss. Sown but beetles ate it. Penn. Poor growth. May 18, fi rst flowers September 6; color somewhat varied, but the flowers Orange Chrome. D. C. good. Miss. Seed sown May 18, first flowers, September 6; Cad m i u m SUNSET GIANTS. African tall Orange. D. C. double. carnation- and peony-flowered. This is a splendid mixture including GOLDEN EAGLE. African tall both types mentioned and a complete dou,ble, carnation-flowered. Golden color range. It is obvious that Orange Eagle falls in the middle range of col Sunset belongs to this group, probably or for the African group, where it is a single color selection, because similar difficult to achieve distinction. It is plants occurred in this mixture. Some a good variety, with typically tall plants pale lovely yellows. The flowers were satisfactorily productive of flowers of tremendous and the plants reached 4 a satisfactory color and size. Beyond feet. Flowering continued over a long this, one can say little. Casto> Rica. season. Only fault was the presence Sown, May 26, first flower, August 30: of weak peduncles. Costa R-ica.. Sown. Large flowers on 4 foot plants which May 26, .first flowers August 23 ; Lem did not stand up well. Petals loose on and orange. plants 5 feet tall, some and lightly frilled. Several lemon col with more odor than others. P enn. ored flowers appeared in lot. Penn. Huge flowers much too heavy for the Flowers a little heavy for the rather tall stems, grew 6 feet tall, soon died, but stems. Died after one wave of flower gave two groups of flowers. Miss. ing. Miss. Seed sown May 18, first Sown, May 18. first Howers Septem flowers September 6; between Cad ber 4; Empire Yellow and Lemon mium Yellow and Orange. D. C. Chrome. D. C. GUINEA GOLD. African tall dou TETRA. African tall double, carna ble, carnation-flowered. This. th e first tion-flowered. The originator says that Apr., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 115 Robed L. Taylo1' Mayling Tetra resulted from the doubling of Its chief claim to distinction li es ill the the chromosomes of the variety, Guinea deep tone of orange, but there are other Gold. In other words it is a tetraploid. darker varieties. With a long grow One wonders if it is worth the effort. ing season this may be a virtue, other- 116 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1946 wise it is of doubtful value. No direct almost a single variety. There were a comparison could be made with Guinea few plants of the types of Limelight Gold, but it is believed that the flowers and Early Sunshine, but the majority are larger, though not notably so. Costa appeared to be identical with the vari Rica. Sown May 14, first flowers Sep eties Goldsmith and Yellowstone. The tember 8; flowers larger than those of plant size, varied accordingly. Costa Clinton. P enn . Very tall, weak stems, Rica. Seed sown May 19, first flow heavy flowers, good for cutting. M ·iss. ers, August 4 ; all proved to be Lime Sown, May 18, first fl owers September light. Penn. Plants very weak, soon 9; Orange. Not floriferous here. D. C. died off, but flowers good color and shape. Miss. A ll Limelight. D. C. CROWN OF GOLD. African tall, coll arette, odorless foliage. Crown of EARLY SUNSHINE. African Gold was the first variety with odorless dwarf double, chrysanthemum-flow foliage. Its fi.owers are a bit small, ered. The originator claims that this measuring only a little over 2 inches, is an improvement over E arly Dixie but they are freely horne on long stems Sunshine ( not in test) and in size of over a long season. vVith its color, flovv ers it is definitely better, but noth second darkest in tone of all the Africa n ing can be said of improvement in foli varieties, and its distinctive form. it is age. No direct comparison was made useful in flower arrangements for in flow er color but there is little differ blending with other vari eties. Costa ence. The plant habits are very sim Rica. Seed so wn, May 26, first fl ow ilar ; dwarf. full -foliaged plants reach ers, July 28 ; early, true except for one ing about 2 feet with many spreading plant more vigorous than .the rest. branches, flowering over a long period fo liage odorless. P enn. Very weak which begins early. Costa Rica. Seed plants to 5 feet, sparse bloomer but with sown, May 15 , first bloom, July 23 ; grand fi.owers much too heavy for the guard petals less conspicuous than stems. Miss. Seed sown, May 18. first those of Limelight. Irregular in height flowers August 6; continuous bloom from 1 to 2 feet. Flowers not as large over a long season, color carries very as described. PenJl. No better than deeply because of the shadows formed Chrvsanthemum-flowered h y b rid s. by the crown-petals which in a way M is~. Seeds sown May 18, first flow sugges t the early trollius, D. C. ers A ugust 27; between Lemon CROWN PRINCE. African tall. Chrome and Lemon Yellow. D. C. oollarette, odorless f.o li age. Like Crown of Gold in all respects save color which GOLDEN BEDDER. African dwarf falls at the other end of the color scale. double, chrysanthemum-flowered. This It is fully equal its prototype in use is one of the truly distinctive varieties fulness. Costa Rica. Seed SOwn May and is just what its name implies. Of 19, first flowers September 4: more course, it CA:1.11 be cut, but one finds it vigorous plant than Crown of Go ld , difficult to ~1 0 without destroying the taller to 40 inches. All uniform. Penn. plant wihch rarely reaches 18 in ches The Ibest of the type, perfect blo0111s, and usually is much smaller. It cut an d come again, good quality. Miss. branches from the ground up and each No report. D. C. branch fl owers alm ost as soon as the main stem. As a result, one has a . CHRYSAN1'HEMUM-F L 0 \N - glorious burst of fl owers for a relative ERED HYBRIDS. African dou'ble. ly short season and if the plants are not This supposed mixture proved to be gIven attention, nothi ng more. \Vith Apr., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 117 Claude Hope Victory so me care in cutting and some fee ding, very large fl owers. Costa Rica. Seeds a seco nq ~ , c"op ." can be induced but the ~own May 25, fi rst fl owers July 23 ; fl owers -wi ll be smaller, which is dis runs true, not enough plant for the appointing as the first crop is not of size of the fl owers, and the plant was l18 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1946 not a "mound" as described. Penn. May 18, first flowers September 12; Matured only one flowering and died. Capuchine Yellow. D. C. Miss. Seed sown May 18, first flowers, GOLDSMITH. African tall double, July 30, made a very fine first show chrysanthemum-flowered. The cat but very poor thereafter in spite of an alogue claims a larger size for this attempt to stimulate growth by cutting. than was actually obtained. N ever Cadmium Yellow. D. C. theless, Goldsmith proved to 'be a de lightful variety with tidy chrysanthe LIMELIGHT. African dwarf dou mum-like flowers of deep golden tone, ble, chrysanthemum-flowers. If not the almost old gold. It is a medium early first, Limelight was among the first of variety and continued to bloom for a the chrysanthemum-flowered types and long season. The plants were not strict it is still a choice variety, unless one ly tall running about 30 inches. Costa objects to the green in its flowers or Rica. Seed sown May 15, first flowers their small size. To this observer, August 23 ; very distinct, good foliage. both are. desirable since one never wor Penn. Good flowers, good stems and ships size in flowers to the exclusion foliage good throughout the season, of other features and small flowers are one of the best. Miss. Seed sown May particularly desirable if produced on 18, first flowers September 4. Excel graceful plants. Limelight, with its lent, Cadmium Yellow. D. C. early flowers of palest tones, produced MAMMOTH MUM. African tall over a long season on heavily branched d 0 ubI e , chrysanthemum-flowered. dwarf plants well clothed (in Costa Mammoth Mum is surely the first of Rica) with small leaves, is a delightful a new race of large chrysanthemum variety. Costa Rica. Seed sown May flowered marigolds. It makes this type 19, first flowers August 5; similar in available in flowers as large as those of general effect to Early Sunshine though the carnation-flowered types. It seems greener yellow, guard petals more pro better suited for the cutting garden than nounced and broader, Rather weak in for bedding as the plants are very up foliage and nice, such as it is. Penn. right in growth, tall and a little late in Poor. Early but nice dwarf plant with season. The color is lemon bordering early flowering that continued for a on gold. Contrary to its name, one long season. Miss. Seed sown May 18, would have to call the fl owers small in first flowers August 13; poor growth comparison to chrysanthemums but and habit but continuous flowering among marigolds they are large. It over a long season, Color not pleasant should be noted that the flower stems to this observer. D. C. were strong and the flowering season GOLDEN JUBILEE. African tall short in Costa Rica. Seeds sown May double, chrysanthemum fl owered. This 19, first fl owers A ugust 21 ; larger than was planted only at San Antonio and Yellowstone, looser and a greener yel was almost lost. Not enough plants low. Three feet tall and over. Penn. matured to give an idea of the range of Good plant early. poor later but with sol or but the catalogue says from yellow grand fl owers, something like Lime to orange. Costa Rica. Sown May 26, light. Miss. Seed sown May 18, first no germination; June 25 , first flowering fl owers August 13, fine . D. C. September 7, orange and yellow. Penn. SUNRISE. Seed sown May 25, no Matured one crop of flowers and then germination; sown June 25 , first flow produced another. Miss. Seed sown erIng mid-September. Color deeper Apr., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 119 Claude Hope Clinton than that of Early Sunshine. Petals as follows 011 Early Dixie Sunrise. very compact, reaIIy an ugly flower in which was not included in the general shape. Penn. No germination. Miss. test. Early Dixie Sunrise which is No report. D. C. Mr. Hope reports nearly equal to Early Sunshine is a dis- 120 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1946 .&. Robe?'t L. Toy/oT Golden Eagle Apr., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 121 Robert L. To},lor Sunset Giants 122 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1946 ! . I _ Rob(wt L. Taylor Tetra Apr., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 123 Robe1't L. Taylo1' Crown of Gold J24 THE 1 ATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZI NE Apr., 1946 Early S1t11shine Apr., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL: N~AGAZJN~ . 125 Omtde Hope Early Stmshine 126 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1946 tinctive variety that perfor11led well semblance to the peony. In any case at both sites in CDsta Rica. It is an it is distinctive and attractive. The other var.iety that was grown only from plants are robust and the flowers very the July sowing. A variety Sunrise large; with such a combination it is not (our test, Ed.), possibly the same, surprising that the flowers came late, failed to germinate in the first sowing. and were well worth waiting for. In the The foliage was particularly delightful color scale, distinctly apart from the as it was in all varieties of this class. other large flowered types in the micJ In the United States, however, the sus die range. They are magnificent for ceptibility of the foliage to disease se cutting giving stems of great length. riously detracts from some of the va with peduncles stronger than most. netles. The bright color, the dwarf The flowering continues over a long plants with spreading branches, and the season. Costa Rica.. Seed sown May very tidy, very early chrysanthemum 19, first flowers September 1; not as like flowers borne for an amazingly tall as Orange Supreme but over 30 lDng season, all contribute to make this, inches. P em1. Fair in the early part or rather its improved form highly de of season, good late. NJ iss. Seed SDwn sirable. For some, larger flowers would May 18, first flowers September 4: improve it. Costa R1:ca. one rogue which had Orange flDwers , all others Cadmium Yellow. D. C. YELLOWSTONE. African tall double, chrysantbemum-flowered. For ORANGE SUPREME. African this type, excepting Mammoth Mum, tall double. peony-flowered. This dif Yellowstone produced large flowers, fers little from Golden Supreme except yet for African marigolds as a group in color which is a rich orange among the flowers were below medium. As a the darkest of the group. With all the variety it is not sufficiently distinct "Supreme" varieties is shared the COI11- from Goldsmith to warrant growing mon fault of a peduncle too weak for both in the average garden particularly the large flower. It is, in spite of this. as it is later. The catalogue claims a a lovely variety. Costa Rica. Seed distinction in the lighter tone of the sown May 19, first fl owers September flowers and in the larger plants. Only 1 ; very floriferous, one lemon colored the latter was true to a perceptible de rogue, to 3 to 4 feet in height. Good gree inCosta Rica. Seed sown May late but only fai r in the early part of 25, poor germination, eaten by slugs; season. Miss. Seed sown May 18, SDwn June 25, first flowering Septem first flowers September 4; Cadmium ber 5; some, the same color as Gold Orange. D. C. smith, not more than 3 feet tall, stood without staking. Penn. Free bloomer, YELLOW SUPRElVIE. African tall excellent flowers throughout the sea double, peony-flowered, odorless foli son, one of the best. Miss. Seed sown age. Yellow Supreme differs from the May 18, first flowers September 12; ' other "Supreme" varieties chiefly in the two colors, the dark flowers , Oranaeb , color which is near the light end of the the lighter flDwers Cadmium Yellow. color range. The plants are nDt quite D.C. as tall. Like the others it ranks as a very good variety. Costa Rica. Seed GOLDEN SUPREME. African tall sown May 25, first flowers August 17: double, peony-flowered. This belongs lemon yellow, 3 feet tall. Penn. Growth to a new race of marigolds with a .here is poor giving both inferior flow flower form that shows a fancied re- ers and plants. Miss. No report. D.C. Apr., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 12i Robert L. Taylo·y Golden Bedder 128 THE NATIONAL HORTICl!LTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1946 Claude Hope Li1l'l.elight Apr., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL ::vIAGAZINE 129 Robed L. Taylo1' Golden Jubilee Half-opened flower; 11wture flowe1' 130 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1946 Robert L . Taylor Ma11'1mwth'Mum Young flower Apr., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 131 Robe1" L. Taylol' Yellowstone Y ou,ng to three-qu.arters matu.re flowers 132 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1946 Claude Hope Golden Supreme (H alf nahwal size.) Apr., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 133 Robe?'t L. Taylor Orange S~£pre11'Le 134 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1946 Robert L. Taylor Golden Glow _\pr., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 135 Robert L. Ta'yior C;oldslllitll , feft; H oney(olllb, l' i[jh, Apr., 1946 136 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZI NE GOLDEN GLOW. African dwarf Two lots of seeds from two different double, rudbeckia-flowered, odorless seedsmen were sown and only two foliage. The originator claims that the plants grew from each lot. All were flow ers of this are like those of R ud alike, however, and except for the size beckia Golden Glow, that they are of fl ower, agreed wi th the catalogue borne in clusters on the ends of heavy description of a tall plant bearing branches that the plants do not exceed myriads of long-stemmed, double flow 2 feet in height and that the foliage is ers ·of bright mahogany red. The cat odorless. In the lot tested there is alogues did not say, that the stems were S-0 me mistake. Literally there were no rubbery, serpentine and completely un two plants alike; one tall and single, disciplined, admitting only that a "vide several dwarf, some early and some bed was necessary. Costa Rica. Seed late, some carnation-flowered, some sown May 26, first fl owers July 27; orange, some yellow and some between. varia·ble in color, some more double No check on variation of foliage odor. than others. Sprawls, long stems, Costa Rica. Seed sown May 19, first worthwhile. P enn. Very tall stems, flowers A ugust 15 ; very irregular in fl owers small, semi-double, good color, form and height. Pen·N. Tall, weak but never enough to cut until very late stems. otherwise good. Miss. Seed in the season. Cut some on November sown May 18, first fl owers September 6. M iss. Seed sown May 18. first fl ow 6; Orange. D. C. ers August 4; plants branch well but are not very erect, the fl ower pedun HONEYCOMB. African d war f cles are long and brittle and the whole double, " unique fl ower fo rm," odorl ess mass is tangled. Many plants were foliage. The seeds of H oneycomb ger grown and only two m- three suggested minated poorly and it is impossible t o the African parent being golden yellow report on it from Costa Rica. Seed with spots and blotches of brown. The sown May 14, first fl owers A ugust 15 : remainder were fine wall fl ower reds only one plant had the honeycomb ef and browns. D. C. fect, and the others grew 3 feet tall and did not fl ower. Pem7. No report. Miss. RED AND GOLD HYBRIDS. Seed sown May 18. first flowers Au African-French sterile hybrids, tall gust 28. Not one of the most florifer double. The first lot of seeds of Red ous, but the fl owers when fully opened and Gold hybrids failed entirely; the showed the formation that distin second lot from another source pro gui shes the variety. O ral1ge Chrome. duced two plants virtually identical D.C. definitely hybrids, but di sappointingly devoid of any hi nt of red. They were IDABELLE FIRESTONE. Afri wonderfully vigorous £1·.ee-flowering can-French fertile hybri d. The intro African marigolds with very double ducer claims that the fl owers are 2 inches across. which is supported by the hybrid origin . One wonders, how F rench Marigolds: ever. if the plant as now grown is cytologically a hybrid. The fl owers Idabelle Firestone in Costa Rica were small. measuring Josephine only about an inch in diameter and there was nothing to show the influence Scm'let Cto'w of the African parent, but it must be F e1'di17G17d admi tted that on ly 4 pl ants were grown. 138 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1946 flowers of medium-orange gold color. in the flecks of brown that rest lightly Growth stocky and heavily branched, on the tips of the florets. The form but the cmtches were weak and many might be called anemone. The flower broke from the weight of water on the ing season was a bit short at Turriabla foliage. The scores of flowers were 3 but longer at San Antonio. Costa Rica. .... inches across, truly delightful in every Seed sown May 21, ·first flowers July respect but red flowers of the same 6; fulfills catalogue description, comes type would be marvelous. Costa. Rica. true. Penn. The plants were poor in Seed sown May 15, first flowers mid the early part of the season but grew September. Very variable in type, and flowered finely as the weather color and height. Penn. Slow gem1ina cooled, useful either for cutting or as tion resulting in only 2 plants, poor. a cut flower. 12 inches. Miss. Excel Miss. No report. D.C. lent, long season of flowering. Lemon Chrome, the tiny flecks are Morocco WILDFIRE African-French fer Red. D. C. tile hybrid, tall single. Wildfire proved less variable than the catalogue claimed. GOLD STRIPED. French dwarf Like Idabelle Firestone it showed little double; this provides a bizarre color influence of the African parent, but combination of two lateral stripes of nevertheless it was attractive and a red on each lemon yellow petals of the good performer. The first sowing ger fully double flowers of medium size. minated poorly giving only 8 plants The plants are dwarf and compact. In which were surprisingly uniform. A some plants the red forms a blotch later sowing germinated better but re similar to the pattern in Legion of sulted in fairly uniform plants. The Honor. Strikingly different color. color was very similar to that of Legion Costa Rica .Seed sown May 23, first of Honor. The flowers are appreciably flowers July 23; not much of a stripe, larger, running about 2 inches across. not at all free in bloom, irregular in For a tall French variety, the stems height. P(,I111-. Grew to 2V2 feet taIL were well 'beha ved. Costa Rica. Seeds weak growth. no stripes. Miss. No re sown May 14, first flowers July 6; port. D. C. Some all orange, some suffused with GOLDEN BALL. French dwarf red and most with a red blotch at the base of the petal. All single. Uniform double. An interesting variety of great in height. One plant had coarser dark merit, this is probably doomed to fail er green foliage than the rest. Penn. ure in the United States because of its Very late, grand color, too tall, not lateness. The plant is dwarf and the free in flower here. Miss. Seed sown flowers are exceptionally large, very in May but fi rst flowering not recorded. double. and unusually long lasting. Much later than that of Legion of Hon or. Ground color Light Cadmium with blotch of Morocco Red that fades a French Ma:rigolds: little lighter as flower ages. D. C. Royal Scot BUTTERBALL. French dwarf Robe'rt B eist double. The plant, in Costa Rica. is only medium dwarf, but is very free Mahogany and flowering. The flowers are charminrr Spotlight both in the yellow color which is pale~ Golden Ball than most people prefer in butter and 140 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1946 with strikingly long, strong pedundes. bloom, the cheery color and the long The color ~s distinctive for a French season of fl.owering. No other vari variety with ' a peculiar quality that ety fl owered so freely. The plants, would be desirable in an Afri-can va though not exceeding 15 inches, spread riety. Costa Rica. Seeds sown May 23, out considerably. The color of the in bud when killed by £rest, October 3. doubl·e fl owers was a bright lemon yel Not as tall as Lemon Ball. Penn. ].ow about like that of the African, Poor through the early summer but Lemon Queen or Early Sunshine, Cos good in November. M'iss. No report. ta Rica. Seed sown May 23, first flow D.C. ers August 25; not free in bloom, one plant was ·orange. Pervn. Rather tall' GOLDEN HARMONY. French, but a fair bloomer. Miss. No report. dwarf double. In spite of its name it D. C. does not look much like Harmony. The disc florets stand up stiffly and fit MAHOGANY. French dwarf dou together like the cell s of a honeycomb. ble, Mahogany produced quantities of The form is more like that of Butter large, fully double flowers on a plant ball, but stiffer in appearance. The almost too large to be called dwarf at color is gold but many plants have a Turrialba but sati sfactorily restrained bit of red at the base of the disc florets, at San Antonio. One would be quib trying its best to break out. As a vari bling to find fault with anything but ety it flowered freely and was medium the color which is much darker than dwarf. Costa Rica. Seed sown May the hue one finds under this name in 23. first flowers August 20; smaller chrysanthemums. The seekers for black Howers than Harmony and not as flow ers might pause here. Costa R1:ca, free-fl.owered, petals more incurved. Seed sown May 19, first flowers July foliage hides blooms. Penn. Two feet 6; many breaks in color, with one tall, thin and very poor through early plant solid orange. Penn. Good plant part of season but good in late, cool for bedding and cutting, best during weather. Miss. No report. D. C. the late season, free blooming. Miss. Too many individual plants with yellow HARMONY. French dwarf doubl:, . and orange breaks. One excellent al This variety is probably familiar to most black. D . C. most gardeners as it has been a standby for some time. It may sti ll be consid MELODY. French, dwarf double. ered as outstanding and distinctive, a Melody is easi ly described as a very arue blue blood. The plant must be dwarf replica of Harmony with self called large for a dwarf class and the colored golden fl.owers much more flowers are perhaps the largest of the like a golden Harmony than the variety French varieties. The two-tone color. called Golden Harmony. The flowers, red-maroon, predominating in the open 1% inches across, are borne less a'bun ing flower. gold in the maturing flow er, dantly than in Harmony. Costa Rica. 1S a nice blend. Costa Rico. Seed sown Seed sown May 19, first flowers Au .May 16, first Bowers June 30; unifo rm, gust 21; much more sati sfactory than fu ll of bloom. P enn. No germination. Golden Harmony, more bloom. uni Miss. No report. D. C. form in height and character. Pen·n. Dwarf, good color, one of the best of LEMON BALL. French dwarf this type. ,Miss. Entirely satisfactory double. Lemon Ball was outstanding perfornlal1-ce, still i 11 flower November at both sites for the abundance of 10, Ol'ange. D. C. Apr., 1946 H IE :\TA TIONAL H ORTICULTURAL :v[AGAZINE 141 Claude Hope L emon Ball 142 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1946 ROBERT BEIST. French dwarf acteristics not distinct enough. Penn. double. Could not be distinguished No germination. Miss. No report. from Mahogany and was listed as a D. C. synonym in one catalogue. C osla Rica. SPRY. French dwarf double. Spry Seed sown May 21, fir~t flower July is like Harmony condensed into a plant 17; very variable in color and height about 8 to 10 inches across with some and quite similar to Mahogany. Penn. extra flowers thrown into the bargain. Comments same as for Mahogany. The center crest is lighter in color than NIiss. Among the plants grown on, that of Harmony. It is definitely good there were many more deep colored but differs from Harmony only in the flowers than in the group saved from plant size. Costa Rica. Seed sown May Mahogany. Uniform in growth and 21, first flowers July 7; Very uniform, habits. Lemon Chrome variously runs true, a dwarf Harmony. Penn. marked with Garnet Brown to self A little slow in making a show here, but colored Garnet Brown. D. C. fine midseason and late, not dwarf here ROYAL SCOT. French dwarf dou but up to 2 feet. One of the best and ble. This could not be distinguished grand color. Miss. Disc, Light Cad from Gold Striped. Costa Rica.. Seed mium, Ray-flowers Garnet Brown fad sown May 21 and again June 25; no ing lighter. D. C. germination. Penn. No germination. SUNKIST. French dwarf double. Miss. No report. D. C. This is one of the outstanding varieties SCARLET GLOW. French dwarf in several respects. It performed well double. This is an outstanding variety. for a long season, the color stands alone Although the foundation color is dark among the French varieties, being ap it is enlivened by a scarlet sheen and proximately the same as that of Pot 0' by the gold line around the edge of each Gold or Tetra, the flowers are little petal, as well as by the lighter tan gems, the plants are tidy, reaching a gerine tone taken by the aging flowers. height of about 8 inches at San An The flowers are large and fully double: tonio. One plant among 15 was out and t.he plants at San Antonio reached size. Costa Rica. Seed sown, May 19, no more than 12 inches. Costa Rica. fi rst flowers June 30; catalogue de Seed sown May 21 , first fl owers J ul y scri ption correct. P e'I117 . The very best 15; rather variable, a red and "yaller" of all, very dwarf, good foliage, sturdy but quite distinct and very early. Penn . stems, excellent flowers good for bed Good color, dwarf excellent habit, col ding and even for cutting throughout or became much lighter as season pro the season. Miss. No report, except gressed. Miss. Crown when developed that the plants were in continual flower Light Cadmium, rest of flower Brazil from late July to frost on November 3. Red through Morocco Red and Claret D. C. Brown. D. C. SPOTLIGHT. French dwarf dou French Marigolds: ble. This is very much like Harmony except that the crested center is lighter Golden H arm,ony in color and consequently brighter. The Dou.ble H arm,ony plant is about the same size. Costa Rica. Seed sown May 21 , ,first flowers Harmony August 15; not enough good qualities Spry to take the place of Harmony and char- 144 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 194G YELLOW PIGMY. French dwarf profuse, a "mound" of bloom, worthy double. One might call Yellow Pig of its Silver Medal. Penn. Good my douible dwarf in the sense that the blooms, much too heavy for the weak plants did not surpass 6 inches in branching stems. Miss. Cadmium Yel height. In many soils a litt@r or peat low to Light Cadmium, washed with mulch might be necessary to prevent Maroon but fades to English Red. the rain splash from soiling the flow D.C. ers. In most respects this variety is a very dwarf repIiq of Lemon Ball. LEGION OF HONOR. French Costa Rica. Seed SOW11 May 21, first dwarf single. Legion of Honor could flowers July 9; very broad and bushy, not be distinguished from Firecross. comes true, full of buds when frosted Costa Rica. Seed sown May 16, first on October 3, but had not been free flower July 22; uniform in height, color of bloom. Pe1V14. Really dwarf, good and habit,over a foot high. P enn. Very all around. Miss. Fine free bloom; poor, soon died, but the few flowers Lemor! Chrome to Lemon Yellow. produced do not resemble those known D.C. in the North. Miss. Lemon Chrome blotched with Garnet Brown that fade~ FIRECROSS. French dwarf single. to Brazil Red. D. C. The neat very floriferous plants reached a height of 12 to 14 inches at San An AUSTRALIAN GIANT. French tonio and a little more at Turrialba, tall double. This variety has one vir but they were a little irregular in size. tue and many faults. The virtue is the The color is quite warm, almost gaudy, Hower itself. It is large, distinctive with the large overlapping petals light in form and bicolored, light clear yel gold around the edge with a large ir low in the disc florets and rich dark red regular blotch of 6ch red at the base in the large ray Horets. The form might which recedes and fades as the flower be likened to that of an anemone chry ages. Those who like bicolors will santhemum or a mourning bride. The want it. Costa R ica. Seed sown May outstanding faults are extreme lateness 16, first flowers August 23; slower to and the serpentine growth. Costa Rica. bloom than Legion of Honor and not Seed sown May 23, did not blo0111 be very distinct from it. Pe1'm. Good, did fore frost on October 3, but buds were not have many plants and all were showing. Penn. Much too tall, crawling slightly different in color. Miss. Light over the ground almost like a vine. Cadmium flushed with Mars Orange to Fair flowers but he;tvy. lv/iss. No flow Claret Brown. D. C. ers before frost which came Novem , ber 3. Plants at that time about 6 feet FLASH. A truly outstanding va tall and budded. D. C. riety, Flash has only one fault; the fading color is not attractive in higher temperatures. At San Antonio, it was not objectionable. The f\.owers are F1'ench N/G1'igolds: large, symmetrical, and bome in great Yelloiv Pigmy nrofusion on a medium-dwarf plant. One might wish that it flowered a long Butterball er season in Costa Rica, but doubtless this would uever be a fault in the Melody United States. Costa Rica. Seed SOwn SU11 kist in place June 7, first flower .July 2S: 146 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1946 FERDINAND. French tall double. too late. Penn. Somewhat more attrac A distinct and gay variety which tive than Flaming Fire; Miss. No re reached a,bout 30 inches in height at port. D. C. San Antonio and over 3 feet at Tur TAGETES SIGNATA PUMILA. rialba. The oolor is deep maroon in Species, dwarf single. This is a charm the rays and gold in the crested disc. ing plant, a species and well worth The form is very like that of an ane growing as it is. It is possible that it mone chrysanthemum. It fl owered likes a cool summer for its best develop early in spite of its height. Costa Rica. ment for at Turrialba the growth was Seed sown May 19, Ji.rst flowers Sep too long-jointed to be pleasing. The tember 4; listed under dw.arfs but grew photograph was taken at San Antonio. 2 feet high, rather distinct. Pe11l/1,. Grew There, the plants seriously rivalled to 3 feet, good fl owers, foliage fair, Lemon Ball in floriferousness, probably much too tall for size of flow ers. Miss. actually producing more fl owers, but Not over 20 inches, late in coming into since these were smaller, the effect was fl ower; disc, Cadmium Yellow, rays, less impressive. The flowers are lemon Garnet Brown. One of the nicest for yellow in the rays and appreciably cutting. D. C. darker in the disc. The feathery light FLAMING FIRE. French tall sin green foliage greatly enhances the effect gle. This variety is sure to be pointed and is quite in keeping with the fl ower out to the garden visitor because of its size. The heavy scent of the foliage large, polka-dotted, scarlet-red-on-yel has more than a hint of lemon oil in it. low flowers. The proportions vary Costa R1:ca. Seed sown May 14. first from plant to plant and from flower to flowers August 1 ; profuse bloom. flower. Some few self-colored scarlet. Penn. Sparse bloomer, did not seem The red fades to dull tangerine. Quite to like the rains and' probably would serpentine in growth, the plants at have been better ii1 a drier seasoll . tained a height of 4 and 3 feet respec Miss. tively at Turrialba and San Antonio. It will be noticed that nearly all of Costa Rica. Seed sown May 23, first the attention of the raisers of new fl owers July 9; large flowers some al forms has been devoted to the fl ower most like Flash, others striped. Pem1r. itself and that the most interesting de Much like Josephine. Miss. Some flow velopments so far have come from the ers much like those of Flash, but usual modi,fications of the disc fl orets in what ly with more ray florets. Colors from originally was the single flower . The clear yellow to deep Scarlet Red-to g-ardener with an inquisitive mind can Brazil Red. D. C. divert him self no end. by pulling apart some of his flowers to discover exactly JOSEPHINE. French tall single. how the modifications have come abollt. Josephine is similar in all respects but color to Flamin~ Fire. though not as tall and a li ttle more disciplined in Frel!ch Nlari70lds: growth. The two-inch, symmetrical Flash flowers are uniformly rich crimson with golden centers, on stems l on~ enouo'h Fla lJIing Fire . b f or cutt1l1g. One could wish there were n1:ore of them per plant. Costa Rica. Fier), Cross Seed sown May 23, first fl ower Sep !-('gion. oj Honor tember 8; height 40 inches. distinct but <. , Apr.. 1946 148 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Nothing is reported here about the beautiful phases to be seen in many cultivation of marigolds but it is a safe composites, long before the flower head surmise that nearly every gardener reaches its ultimate diameter. As often knows without being told. If any as possible, they were photographed so intrusive word of advice is needed it that there is a record of the peduncle should be that he remember that they or flower stem showing the various are much less frost tender, especially types of leaves that adorn it or are the French forms, than is often re missing. They are various. The speci marked; and that should he want to mens were chosen also to show the keep his plants as late in the season branching that might come from below as possible, he must plant them in a the first axial flower, since that also is place where there will be good air a matter of interest to the gardener. drainage, so that the cold airs of No Only enough of the leaves are shown in vember will not settle about them in the cases of the portraits to show the the night. He can fortify them fur placement in relation to the flower it ther as cold weather comes on, if the self; since we felt that the habit of the place where they are planted is not plants was sufficiently known and suffi too moist in the soil, in other words ciently reported in the pictures of habit he will plant some of his plants in a character from Mr. Hope. Ii" one will dry place and water them as they may examine the photographs carefully he need during the long growing months. can find a wealth of detail that will re leaving them to dry off a bit as cold move his first querulous remark about weather comes on. Treated so, they their number and their apparent simi will often last as long as ti1e hardy larity. All the portraits are natural chrysanthemum, but only in the French size unless marked, but no attempt was sorts. made to grow flowers for maximum A word or two should be said a:bout size, nor to choose anything that would the photographs to illustrate the French be representative of such feeding. Marigolds. All the habit pictures were . What lies ahead for us in marigolds? taken by Mr. Hope in his plantings in That is not to be said as yet. It is hoped Costa Rica; the close-ups were taken that flowers the size of Africans can by Mr. Taylor from flowers grown be achieved with the colorings of the either in the editor's garden or in the French. It would be nice to have bet ter "anemone" type flowers among the overflow that was cared for by M r. Africans. It would also be fine to have Erlanson, another member not previ some studies made of finer singles in ously mentioned. the African types and to see what else In taking the pictures of the African could be done to restore the quilling. varieties, flowers were ·chosen at vari which was common long, long ago and ous stages of development. this was is seen now perhaps only in Mayling done deliberately since there are many and Honeycomb. Verschaffelt's Nouvelle Iconographie Des Camellias GEORGE GRAVES Massachusetts Horticultural Society The present revival of interest in melangees de ces diverses couleurs, camellias has caused a searching of the accompagnent ou animent leur teint literature of a century or more ago. One d'une fagon ravissante. Point de bou old publicati.on that is now being taken quet sans Camellias; point de tableau down from library shelves, dusted off de fleurs san lui. Le Camellia, en un and pored over is the collated series of mot, est indispensable pour tout et par monthly fascicles issued by the famous tout." nursery concern of Verschaffelt in The quotation was from a prospectus Ghent during the years 1848-1860 in which the text of the "Avant-Propos" clusive, 13 volumes in all. The text of suggests was circulated before publica this series has recently been republish tion. ed in literal translation and a new These high-sounding words have in arrangement by E. A. McIlhenny. The them a large portion of sales talk. It present study was suggested by Dr. H. appears evident that there was a com Harold Hume and made from examina mercial aim in publishing colored illus tion of the sets in the libraries of the trations together with historical and Massachusetts Horticultural S.ociety descriptive essays. The house of Ver (12 volumes) and the Arnold Arbore schaffelt, which Alexandre had f.ound tum (13 volumes). ed in 1825, had camellias to' sell as well The Nouvelle Iconogmphie des Cam as to look at and to write about. ellias was initiated by Alexandre Ver That the series was intended to schaffelt in whose establishment was to circulate among potential customers be found growing one of the most ex- was suggested in one of the rare ref , tensive collections of camellia varieties erences t,o it in the contemporary gar of the time. His approach to the subject den literature. On March 22, 1850, F. was stated in quotation marks in the R. Horner of Hull, England, wrote to "Avant-Propos" of Tome I, 1848- The Florist and Ga4'den Miscellany, 1849, as follows: calling the attention of ' its readers to "Le Camellia par l'elegance de s'on the illustrated work on camellias then port, la persistance de son beau feuil being published by "Mr. Alexander lage, la grandeur et Ie brillant coloris de Verschaffelt of Ghent," not knowing ses fleurs, a su faire la couquete de tous that Alexandre Verschaffelt had died les amateurs de belles plantes, II regne ten days before. Among other things, aujourd'hui presque en despote dans Dr. Horner pointed out that: "As Mr. toutes les collections, dont il fait Ie Verschaffelt possesses, perhaps, every principal ornement. II recree l'anthophile known variety of this flower, he neces Ie plus blase sur les jouissances horti sarily has the opportunity of bringing coles; les Dames Ie recherchent pour out such a work as none other could ajouter a leur parure; et ses fleUl"s du have. Also, the amateur is hereby en blanc Ie plus tSblouissant, du rose Ie plus abled to make his selection as well as gai, du rouge Ie plus splendide, ou if he were at the trouble and expense [149] ISO THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZI NE Apr., 1946 T he V erschaffelt estab lis"m~ent as it was pictured Lit L'Illustration H orticole in D ece'mber 1854 of making a personal inspection," This making known of worthwhile new notice may have had about it an element varieties and the keeping alive of the of exchanging favors because Alex memory of those of former years.* andre Verschaffelt had the year before The Verschaffelts were genuinely named a variety of camellia for Dr. interested in camellias for themselves Horner-Docteur Horner (Liv. 8, PI. alone, as witness the expression of hope IV, 1849) . for the eventual development of a blue Little or no notice was taken of flowered variety, which was written in Verschaffelt's publication by the horti to the essay on the variety Carega Sup cultural press. Years later, in 1886, the erba (Liv. 1, PI. I, 1857). Sometimes obituary notices of Ambroise Verschaf individual plants in pri vate co ll ections felt, the son who took over the business were ,figured. Even so, a glance at some and the camellia pu.blication when his of the internal evidence to be fo und in father died, made no mention of the the collated series also supports the N o~£velle lconognliphie des C (Mneliias suggesti on of its sales-literature pur when recounting the contributions pose. Very often, the appearance of a which the youngEr Verschaffelt had vari ety in Nouvelles 1 conogmpli ie des made to horticulture. It was the ,custom Cmnellias coincided with the offering of the time not to review works that fo r sale of that vari ety. Here are three came out in parts over a long period. of numerous plain instances, as trans A realistic statement of the purpose lated by Mr. McIlhenny. of the series is fo und in the essay on J ACKSONI! (Liv. 2, PI. 1. 1849,) the variety De La Reine (Liv. 1, P I. "Beginning in March 1849 we will III, 1854), evidently inspired, if not * "J.Ja NOll,velle I co nographie des Camellias fai! lirait a son but. celui de fahe connaitre actually w ritten by Ambroise Ver d'abord les plus meritantes nouvea utes, et en schaffelt. The ai m was stated to be the outre de perpetuer Ie souvenir de ce Qu e les flnnees anterieures ont vu surg ir de plus beau." Apr., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 151 NOUVELLE ICOj\OGHApnI1 ~ DES CA~fELLIAS LES FIGURES ET LA DESCRIPTIO;\' DES PLUS RARES, DES PLUS NOUVELLES ET DES n us BELUS VARltTES DE eE GENRE . < c' <, TOME 1. - 1848-HWJ. GAND , '.") CHEZ UtDITEUR ALEXANDRE VEBS CHAFFELf, HORTI CUI- TF.UR , IIUE r u CIIA D'"• . ;;n 0"''':'-, Title pa.ge of th e first volume of the Nouvelle l conographie des Ca mellias 152 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1946 put it for sale. Vlfe have decided to . free of charge, to any subscriber in keep the same prices at whi,ch Mr. England." Jackson intended to sell his plants, As Dr. Horner stated, publication which are included in the following got under way in 1848. The title page classes: of Tome I is reproduced in an accom panying illustration. Plants from 15 to 25 cm. in height, Even though the evident intention 75 francs. was to have a tome or volume include Plants from 35 to 50 cm. in height, two years' publication of monthly Iiv 125 francs." raisons or parts (not books), an index EMILIANA ALBA (Liv. 4, PI. III, was included from the start with each 1849.) yearly half-volume. This fact accounts "Weare now able to furnish strong for the present-day attitude that each plants of this pretty camellia which is year's issues taken together constitute not to be found in many collections." a VOll.!ll1e, of which there are 13. Ap parently, the younger Verschaffelt JE NNY LIND (Liv. 12, PI. II, 1855.) looked at it that way, too, because title "As we have immediately ordered a pages for one year only began not later large number of specimen plants, we than 1851. shall be able to offer them for sale to Accompanying Plate 378 in Volume amateurs at the same time as the hold X of L'Illustration H orticole (1863) er; that is, next fall (1856)." is an advertisement offering the com The scheme of publication which plete work, which, ' the advertisement Alexandre Verschaffelt had in mind states, had terminated publication in was stated, evidently, in the prospectus 1860. Twelve volumes, each contain referred to and quoted from in the ing 48 plates were offered.* This state "Avant-Propos." If such a prospectus ment about completion in 1860 was existed, no copy of it was available for evidently made with some license be this study. However, Dr . .Horner , who cause Livrais'on 8, Plate I, 1860. of must have seen a copy of some such N O'bwelle Icol1ographie des Ca7ll ellias publication, stated in his 1850 comuni mentions the flowering of a plant of the cation to The Florist a.nd Garden M-is variety Professore Giovanni Santerelli cellany that: in 1861.t "It is published in m Ol~th l y issues, The L ' lllustrMioll H nrticole ad each nUluber .containing four plates vertisement of 1863 mentioning 12 of camellias, with descriptive letter volumes recalls the fact that sets in press; twelve numbers forming the some libraries contain 12 yearly vol yearly half-volume, while twenty umes and others have 13 and that ref fou r numbers, or the numbers of two erences to the work in bibliographies years, constitute the volume. The may mention either 12 or 13 volumes. work will be completed in five vol In cases where only 12 volumes are ~n1es; it being j)foposed to give present, it is the one for 1848 that is plate:; of 500 of the most beautiful, missing. The fact that no oonsecutive or new, or perfect kinds of camellias. pag;ing was done and no comprehensive ... One entire volume is now com index made at the conclusion of publi pleted; the monthly parts (some cation has made the shortage of a thing less than two shillings per 0 *"Douze volumes in .4 , compose chacun de ?art) are forviarded by the editor, 48 planches." ,"-et cette annee e nCOT e (1861)." Apr., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 153 i i L The house of Verschaffelt valued this Ca11teliia so highly that it was chosen to bear the fa mily nG111e 154 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1946 year's fascicles not readily noticeable. Com mensa The only general index of the work Coquettii which has been long available is that Duc de Bretagne given by Edouard Morren and Andre Chartres De Vos in their Index Bibliog1'aphiq%e Elegans chandlerii de l'Hort%s Belgin~s) which is available Emelie Gavazzii in larger libraries. Morren and De Vos Emilia Campioni did not include the 1848 plates in their Estherii indexing and their foreword refers to Frezzolini the work as a whole as being made up General Lafayette of 12 volumes with no fewer than 576 Grandis (Low.) varieties. * It may have been that de Guthriana mand for t.he work was greatly in Hendersonii creased and to meet this, the print order Henri Favre was increased, leaving a number of II Roberti sets short the 1848 plates. Jubilee (Low.) Still further evidence that the set Leda which Verschaffelt was offering in Lord Peel 1863 lacked the 1848 volume was his Maria-Theresa statement that each volume contained Marie Morren 48 plates. The first or 1848 volume con Miniata (Low.) tains but 47 plates. Plate IV of Liv Mislriss abby Wilder raison 10 is missing. A likely explana- N ymphaefiora t;,tion for t.his gap is that the plate of the Prince Albert . '"variety Anna Zucchi ni in the same - de Canino Ii vraison was dQuble the normal size. Princesse Mathilde Thus, the complete work of 13 volumes Radiata vera contains 623 plates, together with de Reine des fiellrs scriptions. This does not mean that Squamosa alba 623 different camellias are dealt with. Stockwelliana There is some duplication. Sulcata The contents of the 1848 volume Varishii precisely as listed in its index are: Wasingtonii AdelaIde The 1848 plate of the General Lafay Alba imbricata (Low.) ette was made from a picture sent by - lutescens Boll "of Philadelphia" (D. Boll's cor Alcina rect address was Forty-Sixth Street, Alexina (Low.) New York). Later, in 1853, a new Al,fida plate of the same variety drawn from Anna Zucchini living material, and presumably more Augustina superba accurate, was published. Aulica (Loddiges) Plate IV of Livraison 12, 1848, very Barnii much resembles Plate 154 of A'I1nales Brillante (alba briantea) de Gand Volume III, 1847, even to the Cecile de Valtange spelling of t.he name Maria Morren. C~ntifolia (Low.) It was a variety originated by H. Clymene Haquin of Ghent. Apparently the same *"-en ]2 volumes, pas I1lOill S de !)76 varietes differentes." Haquin seedling was being dealt with J\pr., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 155 in Plate III of Livraison 6, 1853, but in a new plate and under the marne of Marie Morren. Likewise, "Mistriss Abby Wilder" appears in both the 1848 'and the 1853 volumes but with different plates. The variety Duc de Chartres is figured in Plate IV 'Of Livraison 1, 1848, and is again similarly described but figured differently along with the' variety Comte de Paris in Livraison 6, Plate III, 1852. There is a suspicious similarity between the Emilia Campione of the 1848 volume and the Emilia Campioni of 1854. The "Maria-The resa" of the 1848 index refers to the "Marie Therese" of the text (Liv. 1, PI. I), and is a different plate from that of the Marie-Therese ,figured in Livraison 9, Plate II, 1852, although Am b r 0 is e Verschaffelt photo whether two varieties are involved is graphed from Scl~eerhnck's "De not made plain by the text. Azalea indica L," (Tuinbow En- An occasional discrepancy occurs in cyclopedie I) the 1848 volume between a name over a text description and that on a plate or ed in one of the next numbers, but .in the index, as for instance, Alcinia failed to appear. Rosea and Alcina, Estherii and Estheri, A preponderance of the varieties and Washingtonii, Washingt<{mi and dealt with were of Italian origin because Wasingtonii. Errors of this kind are at the time, Italy was a proli,fic source common throughout the work. How of new camellia varieties. The com ever, errors in the text were sometimes pilers seemed to have had a strong corrected. There was an erratum not€ leaning towards a fully dou'ble flower pasted to the essay on Commensa (Liv. which is no longer as popular at it 6, PI. II, 1848) after printing, n~s tor once was. In fact, few of the varieties ingorigination credit to "Donkelaar." included in the series are now in culti .originators, when known, or intro vation, thus making the whole work ducers, as well as country of origin, largely of antiquarian or historical in were rather accurately dealt with in terest. Compari·son of camellia blooms the text. A n.ote of correction added to of today with plates in Nouvelle I cono Livraison 8, Plate I, 1859, explained gmphie des Ca.mellias for indentifica that a plate and description previously tion purposes is 'Of doubtful value. published as Paolina Maggi (Liv. 5, PI. The pictures were painted either I, 1859) should have been labelled from plants in Versohaffelt'sown col Carolina Franzini. Likewise, those lection Dr, as in the case of Alba Lute published as ,Carolina Franzi~i (Liv. scens (Liv. 4, PI. III, 1848) , in other 7, PI. II, 1859) should have been camerlia collectiDns in the Ghent area. labelled Margherita Coleoni. A fi gure As previously pointed out. in at least of the true Paolina Maggi was prol11is- 'One instance. General Lafayette (Liv. 1:50 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1946 10, Pl. III, 1848), Verschaffelt re by designating himself as the son and produced a drawing supplied by some succeedt d only in causing more con one else. fusion. As stated before, the publication was This belief that Ambroise Verschaf started by Alexandre Verschaffelt in felt and Ambroise Verschaffelt, Fils 1848. He died March 12, 1850, after were one and the same person is borne a long illness. The subscribers received out by the fact that the masthead of notice from Ambroise Verschaffelt L'Illustration H orticole continued to dated March 24, 1850, stating that he credit Ambroise Verschaffelt with the intended to carryon in his father's title of "Editeur" of the Nouvelle place. In fact, the statement in the Iconographie des C a11l ellias long after death notice that : "J e vais continuer the latter publication had been com avec Ie meme zele et la meme exacti pleted. Also, the 1863 advertisement tude que par Ie passe, et qui etait, du previously mentioned contains the reste, confie it mes soins e:>Qclusifs" statement that the camellia series was could be taken to mean that the man "Editee par Ambr. Vers-chaffelt, it agement of the publication had been Gand." The conclusion of this study is turned over to the son before the death that but two Verschaffelts were con of the father. cerned with the work-Alexandre and Beginning with 1851, the name of his son Ambroise. Of the two men, Ambroise V erschaffelt appeared on the Ambroise seems to have made the title page as "editeur." The title page greater contribution, not only because of the 1852 volume lists Ambroise of longer association but because the Verschaffelt as " editeur" but the col later volumes bear evidence of better ored jacket for the January number scholarship. of the same year gives the ,credit to There is confusion, too, as to who "Ambroise Verschaffelt, Fils." The wrote the text of the series. A study latter form was carried through on all of the "Avant-Propos," which is in two subsequent title pages. It could, there parts, strongly suggests that Alexandre fore, be assumed that a member of a Verschaffelt wrote the first part of the third generation of the Verschaffelt foreword of the 1848 volume. The sec family took over in 1852. However, ond part was signed by Auguste Van the 'contemporary literature makes no Geert, a Ghent nurseryman well quali mention of such a person. Apparently, fied to discuss the culture of camellias. Ambroise Verschaffeltcarried on the There is no evidence that Van Geert business of his father until the begin was author of any more of the text ning of 1870, together with his own than the part to which his name is venture of publishing L 'Illustration si-gned. H orticole, whioh was established in A number of essays in the 1848 vol 1854. Linden then took over the nurs ume refer to Alexandre Verschaffelt ery business and brought in Edouard in such a manner as to suggest that Andre to act as editor of the magazine the text was written by someone else. in place of Lemaire. Part of the in For example, it is stated of the variety herited business was the completion of Aulica (Liv. 8, PI. I, 1848) that: "It the Nouvelle I conographie des C a11'L el -bloomed at the exposition last March lias. It would appear that ,havi!1g the in M. Alex. Verschaffelt's collection same initial as his father Ambroise Ver of 15 new camellias." References in schaffeH tried to clarify the situation the same manner were made in the Apr., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 157 discussions of Clymene (Liv. 6, PI. I, on. It could well have been true that 1848) and Alcinia Rosea (Liv. 4, PI. Lemaire was ghost writer for Am I, 1848). The essay on the variety broise Verschaffelt because the two Radiata (Liv. 7, PI. III, 1848) states: men were associated as editor and pub "We have asked M. Verschaffelt for lisher of L'Illustration H orticole. It some information about this camellia." could be assumed, however, that the This statement would seem to make it commercial offerings in connection certain that Alexandre Verschaffelt with some of the descriptions were doubtless the expressions of Verschaf did not write that particular descrip felt the nurseryman. There i,s evidence, tion. Nor did he write (Duc de Bre too, that Ambroise Verschaffelt's tagne Liv. 3, PI. III, 1848): "The active work on the publication went drawing which we reproduce was made deeper. The note on the Paolina Maggi trom a plant that bl OOl'ned in the home mixup previously referred to is signed of M. Alexandre Verschaffelt, and who "A.V." has put it at our disposal to reproduce With the evidence supplied by the here ; we take advantage of this oc work alone, it would appear that the cassion to express to him our deep Verschaffelts, father and son, planned gratitude." the book, watched over the preparation Although there is no evidence in the of the plates and text and took the work to support the claim. Morren and risk as publisher. \iVho actually did De Vos list Charles Lemaire as " re the work is not recorded, except in dacteur principal" of the N OLivette the case of the artists who made th\~ Iconographie des Ca11'/,ellias and credit plates, but because of the close associa Lemaire with authorship of the de tion between Verschaffelt and Lemaire, scriptions in the individual li stings of it is reasonable to believe the latter had varieties from the beginning of 1849 a part in the editorship. Disease .. Resistant and Hardy Varieties of Vegetables VICTOR R. BOSWELL Agricultural Resea1'ch Ad11'/'inistratio111, U. S. Depart1nent oj Ag1 'icult~£re In this fifth and last installment of own localities. In many western di s the article of the above title a group of tricts disease has necessitated the pro miscellaneous crops is considered: Let duction of resistant sorts. tuce, peas, root crops, and- spinach. The western lettuce shipping indus They are grouped together in this final try was built on the variety New York article for no better reason than that ( or Wonderful) "erroneously called they did not seem to fit in well with keberg in the vegetable markets. crops discussed in earlier articles. About 25 years ago it became evident that the New York was too sensitive Lettuce to heat and to certain diseases to per Lettuce is distinctly a cool season mit profitable ,culture in many districts crop that will stand frost or light freez where growers wanted to produce it. ing but not hard or continued freezing. Two of the earliest improvements of The problem in extending its range of this variety were strains known as Jew culture is largely the development of York No. 12 and New York 41 de "hardiness" to warmer temperatures veloped by commercial seedsmen for than are suitable for growing most some tolerance to higher temperature varieties.. Although lettuce is grown in the West. New York No. 12 is still in a more or less perfunctory fashion grown to some extent but is not adapt in home gardens everywhere in the ed to really hot weather or to the East. country, at some season or another, its Since 1930 the United States Depart extensive commercial culture is con ment of Agriculture and cooperating centrated in a few areas and districts agencies in California have produced having especially favorable cool grow a large number of strains of New York ing seasons. Unfortunately, lettuce var type having special adaptations to dif ieties possess rather highly specific ferent seasonal conditions and resist climatic requirements so that very few ance to brown ,blight, or to brown are adapted to a wide range of con blight and mildew. Most of this series ditions. In no crop is the careful choice of improvements ,bear the name Im of variety to suit a given set of con perial together with a letter or number. ditions more iml')ortant. Imperial D is a winter strain adapted In the last 15 years several so-called to the Vvest and resistant to both "heat-resistant" varieties have been in diseases mentioned. Imperial strains troduced by both private and public identified by numbers are resistant to agencies, and a substantial amount of brown blight but not to mildew, and breeding work toward that end is still generally are best adapted to the West in progress. The heading varieties are and Southwest. Among the most im notoriously sensitive to temperature, portant of these are Imperial 152, Im few amateur gardeners realizing that perial 615, Imperial 847, and Imperial this may be the reason why they can 850. More recently, the Experiment not grow good head lettuce in their Stations of Michigan and of Cornell [158] Apr., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 159 University in cooperation with the but many people do not care for its Federal department have introduced small size. Varieties of the Cos or three varieties of New York type that Romaine type ,generally are more tol are much more resistant to tipburn erant to heat than either the crisp or (heat damage) and which will make Ibutterhead varieties. They have been more solid heads in the Ea8t than the used to good advantage as parents in a!bove-named strains. Imperial 44 and breeding heat-t,olerant head types. Imperial 456 have been fairly good in Pmbably the 'best known of the Cos the Northeastern States, while another varieties in this country is Paris White variety, Great La:kes, has attracted at or Trianon. tention in the States around the Great Generally speaking, leaf varieties of Lakes. Al.though these are somewhat lettuce can be grown at some season .of tolerant of warm weather none of them the year in places where good results do well in the summer heat of the can not be obtained with head lettuce. wam1er parts of the country. Great Black-Seeded Simpson, Early Curled Lakes has been found very g.ood in the Simpson, and Grand Rapids are the summer lettuce districts of California, best known. They all have curly, pure and' Imperial 847 is grown to some ex green, leaves. Grand Rapids strains, tent as a winter lettuce in Florida. however, generally are harder to ger Nearly all the commercial lettuce of minate in very warm soil than are the this country is made up of these New others. The Ohio Agricultural Experi York and Imperial strains mentioned melJt Station developed a strain known here. ' as Grand Rapids Tip Burn Resistant. Investigators are striving for still The United States Deparhnent .of Agri more heat tolerance-head varieties culture developed a strain .of Grand that can be grown more successfully in Rapids with a measure of mildew re the eastern and middle parts of the sistance, known as Grand Rapids U. S. country. The United States Depart No. 1. A curly, red-leaved variety, ment of Agriculture has introduced a mis-named Prize Head, is another fair number of new types designed for the ly popular leaf s'ort for home gardens. Middle Atlantic States. They show The most striking lettuce introduc some improvement :but have been tion in many years is a very curly, very grown to only a limited extent and are Iong-standing, heat-tolerant leaf type not, as yet, commonly listed by seeds named Slobolt. It "'bolts" to seed 2 to , men. Of these Cosberg is best known 4 weeks later than .other leafy kinds but is of temporary interest since it and actually tolerates relatively hot doubtless will be superceded by sub weather. It has even been grown with stantially -better sorts in a few years. fair success on many tropical islands, during the war, where all other lettuces The Massachusetts Experiment Sta tried were virtual failures. It will be tion developed a downy-mildew-resist generally available from seedmen for ant head lettuce called Bel-May, for the first time in 1946. Slobolt was pro greenhouse culture. duced by the United States Department There are a number of old varieties of Agriculture. having a fair amount of sturdiness and Peas merit for the home garden but these cannot compete commercially with the Peas (English, or garden), some New York Type. The little Mi.gno what like lettuce, are sensitive to high nette is one of the surest to head, temperature. They can he grown in 160 THE NATIONAL HORTI CULTURAL MAGAZI NE Apr., 1946 the coolest regions in which any vege troubles, such as root rot, Ascochyta table crop can be grown in this coun .M ycosphaerella ;blight, near wilt, and try. BoOth quality and yields are se certain mosaics. The following vari riously impaired by hot weather, par eties have shown some probable su ticularly if it is dry. The crop also falls periority over others with respect to prey to a long li st .of diseases. Since the several disorders named: ( 1) Near the pea is one of the most important wilt and wilt: Delwiche Commando. comn,t;:l'cial, as well as home garden, (2) Common pea mosaic: Hundred vegetables it has been the object of an fold, Laxton Superb, Little Marvel, enormous amount of breeding and im Morse Market, Perfection, Surprise, provement work. Probably no other Thomas Laxton. (3) Septoria leaf crop surpasses it in the trueness, uni spot : Perfection is tolerant. Perfection formity, and general excellence of also is resistant to a half dozen virus seed stocks available to growers. In troubles; and Little Marvel, Surprise, the past 20 to 25 years the Ameri can and Wisconsin Early Sweet are resist seed industry has accompli shed truly ant to five different viruses. commendable results . It is common knowledge that the Since 1925 scores of fusarium-wilt hardiness of peas permits their being resistant varieties of peas have beeu planted very early in the spring, or in produced, or old partly resistant vari winter in the South. \ i\Thile they will eties have had fusarium-susceptible in germinate in relatively cold soil and the dividuals eliminated from them. Today young plants will tolerate some frost, a majority of the varieties sold in the ice, and snow they do not stand much United States of America and the hard freezing. Furthermore, it is only greater proportion of pea seed planted the stems and leaves that tolerate any are wilt resistant. Some of the more degree of freezing. As yet no variety important ones for home and market of garden pea has been found that can gardens are li sted here because seed stand freezing of its blossoms or pods. catalogs often do not indicate whether The greatest hardiness to cold is re a variety is resistant or susceptible. ( 1) quired of varieties to be grown during Smooth-seeded peas: Alaska, White the winter in those parts of the South Marrowfat, some strains of First and where untimely hard freezes occur oc Best. (2) Wrinkled-seeded peas: Al casionally. \Villett \ Vonder, a smooth tierman and Dwarf Alderman, Dwarf pea, similar to First and Best, has Telephone (Daisy), Everbearing, Gil shown signi·ficant hardiness to cold. A bo, Glacier, Morse P rogress, Morse surprising degree of cold resistance has Market, Number 40, Prince of \iVales, been fo und in \i\Tando. a new wrinkled Improved Stratagem, and Giant Stride. pea developed at the U. S. Regional Most of the edible podded varieties Vegetable Breeding Laboratory at availa'ble are wilt resistant, as are the Charleston, South Carolina. The leaves principal canning varieties like Perfec and stems of this variety have survived tion, P ride, Resistant Surprise, and temperatures of 15 ° to 17 ° F. in the others. field when all other named varieties Although fusarium wilt is the only were killed. Hard freezes that oc pea disease against which hi.ghly resist curred when \i\Tando was in bloom or ant varieties have been developed there pod destroyed the bl ooms and pods are small to moderate differences in only to .have later ones form and maKP susceptibility to a number of other a fair crop, while other peas were cOp:'- Apr., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICU LTURAL MAGAZINE 161 plete tailures. This pea, although de to very cool weather before a period of veloped originall y for cold resistance, good growth sometimes induces pre seems also to show more heat tolerance mature fl ower stalk formation thus in than most others and promises to be terfering with normal root develop the hardiest high quality pea grown in ment. No accurate data are at hand this country to date. Experience with to indicate any substantial differences it so far indicates that it is highly pro in this regard among garden varieties, ductive, of high eating quality, and ex although differences may exist. cellent f.or canning and freezing preser The "earliest" varieties (55 to 60 vation as well as fresh use. days) are Early Flat Egyptian, Crosby Alaska and other very early peas, Egyptian, and Early Wonder and its when planted very early in the spring, related strains, Although Detroit Dark largely escape hot weather by virtue Red, Crimson Globe, and Early Blood of their quick development. \iVhen Turnip will produce about. the same planted late, however, they suffer se yield of roots in equal time. The point riously from heat in all but the cooler is that the three varieties last named parts of the country. A ustrian \ iV inter are normall y allowed to grow some is a very hardy pea, but it is a colored what larger than the others before they field pea grown for soi l improving and attain thei r ideal shape, but are only soil conserving purposes, and not for about a week "later." They retain good food. quality up to somewhat larger size than Root Crops the early sorts. The long and half In this section reference will be made long types, including Long Smooth to beets, carrots, parsnip, radish, ruta Blood, New Century, and Winter baga, and turnip. Keeper, require substantially longer to B eets. Despite the scores of names attain their optimum size (75 to 80 of beet varieties that appear in Ameri days) so are likely to encounter ad can seed catalogs there are hardly a verse hot weather in the warmer parts dozen distinct important fo rnls. There of the country when planted in the are marked differences in color and sprmg. Thus, if only a very short shape of root, color and size of leaf, and season IS available before encounter some differences in rate of growth or ing either hot or cold weather the flat development. Except insofar as rate of or round types are preferred to the attaining the desired size (earliness) long and half-long. has a bearing on choice of variety fol' Although garden beets are subject to short or cool seasons, there is little to a number of di seases, only curly top be said concerning "hardiness." None has seriously limited their culture for of t.he present varieties thrive during feed. Curly top is a virus disease that midsummer in the warmer parts of the is prevalent in t.he Inter-,Mountain area country, although fall crops can. be and elsewhere in the West. Breeding started while summer temperatures are work is in progress to develop a curly fairly high. top resistant table beet by crossing All beet vanetles are normally table beet with resistant sugar beet. hardy to frost and light freezing. They Success appears quite possi'ble but has can be planted well before the last not yet been attained. spring frosts and can stand in the gar Ca,rrots. What has been said above den until fairly hard freezes threaten to regarding the hardiness and climatic occur in the fall. Prolonged exposure adaptations of beets appli es in a general 162 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1946 way also to carrot varieties, although root development Short Thick may carrots appear to tolerate a little more have advantages. heat than bee-ts after they are well along There are no known varietal differ in their development. It is usually ences in susceptibility to disease among difficult to get good stands of ,carrots parsnips. in hot weather. Also carrots develop Radishes. Radish varieties exhibit poorly in very heavy stony, or dry an extreme array of size, color, shape, soils; this is especially true of the long and rate of development all the way er, later varieties. They are not "hardy" from the little red or white globes to adverse soils. ready to eat as soon as three weeks The earliest and shortest carrot is from planting-to the large, long, win French Forcing; the root is only about ter types that may be harvested in the 2% inches long and nearly as thick, fall 3 months after planting. The radish requiring. about 60 days to develop. is moderately hardy, will stand frost Early Scarlet Horn has a root atbout and light freezes but not hard ones, 3l1z inches long and requires a;bout 65 and does not thrive in very hot weather. days. Under adverse soil conditions Heat impairs its quality. Thus, in and very short season one or the other those regions that warm up quickly in of these would have a better chance to the spring only early ·sorts are adapted produce a good carrot than would the to spring planting, suoh as Saxa, Early longer and later, generally more desir Scarlet Globe, Sparkler, French Break able, varieties. Chantenay, Red Cored fast, Long Scarlet (Cincinnati Mar Chantenay, and Danvers Half Long ket), White Icicle, and others that de (72 to 75 days), are good home garden velop in less than 30 days. and general purpose sorts, and are Among these early radishes the small more widely adapted than the Impera round or oval varieties do bet,ter under tor and Morse Bunching (about 80 difficult soil conditions than do the long days) which are so very extensively varieties like Cincinnati Market and grown in the West for shipping to mar White Icicle. The long ones frequently ket. are more subject to malformations, dis There are no marked superiorities colorations, and even injury by pests in among carrot varieties in tolerance or the soil than are the early round ones resistance to disease, and unfortunately that develop at the very soil surface. no very extensive efforts are known to It can hardly be said that the small be in progress now to develop disease round radishes are substantially "har resistance. dier" than the long ones, or that they Pm'snips. The parsnip is a minor are insect or disease resistant. They crop that has received very little atten apparently simply escape certain haz tion from plant breeders. The com ards because of their growth habit. monly grown long type (Hollow Ameri,cans generally care little for Cr·own or Guernsey) does best in cool the large, late, "summer" or winter climates, but requires 3 months or more radishes, such as Long Black Spanish, to reach a usable stage. There is, how Round Black Spanish, China Rose, ever, a less commonly grown short, Chinese White Winter, and Half Long thick variety called Short Thick that Gray, which normally reach harvest becomes usable in about 75 days. For stage in 50 to 60 days. The flesh is sasons too short for the long type, or very firm, generally very pungent, and under soil conditions not suited to deep the roots will stand for a considerable Apr., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 163 time in the cold (not freezing) soil or the Bruce, not grown in America, is fall without deterioration. These vari reported to be resistant to club root, a eties are quite hardy in that they can slime mold disease that affects members be stored successfully like other root of the caobbage family. crops for several months. Those who Seven Top, a greens turnip that want a sprightly radish flavor for sal forms no enlarged root, is early, hardy, ads in the winter when none can be and (according to limited records) grown may find some of these attrac considerably less susceptible to bac tive. They are suitable for spring plant terial soft rot than other varieties. ing only in the North. Rutabaga. Rutabagas or Swede tur There are no "·disease resi·stant" nips are little grown in the United radishes, strictly speaking, but the very States except in the northern States small, very early varieties escape va because they are sensitive to heat and rious kinds of damage better than the require 90 days to make a crop. There others because of their habit and rate of are no notable differences in hardiness growth. or climatic adaptations among the few Turnips. The turnip is another cool varieties grown here, but some interest weather root crop that is reasonably ing differences in susceptibility to cer hardy to light freezing ,but which is tain diseases have been observed. Most definitely harmed by hot and dry varieties are very susceptible to bac weather. Garden varieties range from terial soft rot (Bacillus carotovorous). 40 to 70 days in time required to reach Limited observations have indicated the good usable size and certain stock-feed foHowing varieties to be considerably varieties need up to aobout 80 days. In less susceptible: American Garden adapting varieties to seasonal condi White, Laurentian, N eckless Yellow tions the same reasoning should -govern Bronze Top, Sweet Perfection White, as outlined above for radishes. and certain strains ·of Sweet German. Snowball, White Milan, and Purple Top Milan are among the earliest vari Spinach eties (about 45 days to usable size). Spinach is one of the very hardiest Purple Top Globe, the most popular annual plants grown in our -gardens. variety, and White Egg require about It is quite commonly over-wintered in 60 days to best size. All these are flat, the ,field or garden on the Pacific Coast globular or oval varieties. Golden Ball and in the Middle Atlantic Coast re is a yellow fleshed turnip (not a ruta gions and southward without any pro baga) which takes about 65 days to full tection. In colder places some litter sIze. or straw covering is needed, but it will Shegoin, a Japanese variety of tur survive temperatures of 10° F. or even nip, is of special interest for qui,ck. pro lower, for short periods, without cover, dudion of greens. In late summer or when a fourth to a third grown. Young early fall, good greens can be harvested er plants may be "heaved out" by alter in 30 days. An outstanding character nate freezing and t,hawing, while large istic is that it is somewhat less suscep plants will be damaged by the cold or tible to injury by aphids than are other by excessive drying. varieties. It also produces small white For eariy fall planting to be har roots of good quality, but they are of vested in the late fall or f.or late fall secondary value. For spring culture planting for over-wintering, there are it must be planted very early since it is two outstandingly hardy and disease not heat tolerant. A Scotch variety, resistant varieties: Virginia Savoy and Apr., 1946 164 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Old Dominion. Both were developed weather but New Zealand spinach at the Virginia Truck Experiment which isn't spinach at all-thrives in Station. Virginia Savoy was develop hot weather, and is killed by frost. For ed about 25 years ago by selection those who want a hot weather greens from a hY'brid between the ordinary cul with eating qualities similar to spinach, tivated spinach and a wild type im it is worth oonsideration. ported. from Manchuria. Old Dominion The term Perpetual Spinach is some was introduced in 1930 from a cross times erroneously applied to Swiss between Virginia Savoy and King of Chard, a leafy form of beet that is one Denmark. These resistant kinds stand of the best heat-hardy greens. Although more cold than other varieties and are it cannot stand midsummer tempera relatively unharmed by spinach mo tures in the warmest regions it can be saic, popularly called "blight" in the grown successfully clear through the Atlantic Coastal areas where it dam summer over a large part of the coun ages other varieties. Neither of these try. All varieties are assentially Slm varietis should :be planted in late win ilar in adaptability or hardiness. ter or in the spring because they shoot eMlelusion to seed quickly. For spring planting there is a long As never before, the plant breeders list of varieties ranging from the vari are producing new and improved vari ous improved strains of the Bloomsdaie eties with greater resistance to cold, type (38 to 40 days) through Nobel to heat, to disease, and to a lesser ex and King -of Denmark to Juliana (about tent to insects, but there is usually a 50 days). For regions that warm up few years' lag ibetween introduction and ' quickly in the spring the early varieties general availability. If gardeners and are best since they develop quickly and growers can be better informed of re are .harvested before hot weather. Gen search progress, and will ask their erally speaking, they are best for home seedsmen for these new things as they and market gardeners because of their appear, their early availability to the wider adaptability. public will be expedited and earlier True spinach is very sensitive to hot benefits obtained. Hybrid Clivias for Distinction and Beauty KARL WALTER OPITZ To delight lovers of fine plants, new prominent feature in frost-free locali improved strains of Clivia miniata of ties. the family Amarillidaceae are making The new broad-leaved types are their appearance in an increasing num much superior in both foliage and ber of Southern California gardens. flower color to the old South African Until recently it was thought that Kafir Lily. English and Belgian and Clivias must be grown in pots under now American horticulturists have glass. But now it has been demonstrat cross-bred and selected until the species ed that the plants do excellently in can hardly be recognized in the par well prepared beds out-of-doors under ents. Unbelievably broad, deep green, full shade. These aristocrats of color heavy, blunt, waxy, strap-shaped leaves and form are destined to become a in well-grown clumps give the il11- Apr., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 165 Edwin T. J1![erchant Hyb1'id Clivias pression of superlative health and Umbels from six to eight incheo vigor. Under favorable conditions the across and of from twelve to twenty plants attain a height of two feet or broadly funnel shaped flowers are more and the leaves are four inches borne on stout peduncles which are broad. Lhrust above the gracefully curvl11g 166 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE leaves like a brilliant crown. Depend Pollen is produced in great abundance. ing on the number of mature offshoots, The developing fruits are quite at large plants bear two to five flower tractive. As the 'berries mature they clusters in -one season. Mature single change from deep green to bright red. plants produce but one umbel per year. With a good set of fruit the old flower Individual plants vary in flower color, stalk looks like a stout club with fin the usual ,Qotor being.-orange-scarlet with gers abruptly set with huge red oher a pale yellow -or ·white, tinged green, ries. It takes about nine months for throat. A growing number of shades the seed to mature on the plant. ranging from a rich full colored wine Plants come remark Immediate to the blooming period it is fern, dracena, strelitzia. A carpet of well to feed with liquid manure. After Helxine, when properly cared for, is flowering all necessary replanting or excellent undercover. The full shade repotting should be taken care of. of live oaks, magnolias, avocados, Vig-orous growth is best maintained California laurel and a host of other until late fall. Then a short period of evergreen trees provides an excellent semi-dormancy is induced by with place for beds or clumps of Clivi as in a holding water from the roots. This naturalistic setting with other shade short rest period tends to insure flow loving plants. As potted or boxed ering. Care must be taken, however, speciments in the shady portion of the not to allow dessication of the plant. patio, the Clivia is unexcelled. Where Clivias must have good drainage. frost is a danger, container grown Their water requirements are not great, Clivias are splendid conservatory sub and they are tolerant of rather high jects. As potted plants they are well ooncentrations of calcium and other received by florists especially at Easter minerals as long as they are well pro time. vided with organic matter in the form From this discussion it is not to be of peat, compost or manure. assumed that California is the only No cultivation s.hould be attempted place where hybrid Clivias thrive. as the comparatively few, shallow roots Emphasis is pla;ced on their adapta!bili are large and fleshy and easily damag ty to out-of-door culture because this ed. A mulch of an inch or two of well aspect has been neglected in the past. rotted steer manure, compost, or bean Glasshouse grown plants, where sub straw will aid in maintaining excellent tropical conditions do not prevail, are water a;bsorption and will provide most likewise important. Potted or boxed of the fertilizer needs of the plant. speciments are often taken from the Wind does not seem to bother the greenhouse when the first .buds appear plants when provision is made to make and placed in the home, office, hotel up for excessive water losses. But the lobbies, hospitals, et cetera, so that the flowers do not stand rough treatment; handsome plant and Howers' may be en and it is, theref.ore, best to grow the joyed during the blooming period. Af plants where they are sheltered from ter flowering, unless concbitiol1Js ap strong drafts. proximating the glasshouse can be pro During hot, dry weather an occasj.on vided, it is best to return the Clivias to al syringing maintains best growth con the conservatory. ditions. When the plants are in bloom As these ,fine new strains of Clivias it is best to avoid wetting the flowers become better known they will doubt or spotting of the perianth may re less find an important place in gardens sult. A periodic heavy syringing helps where they are adapted. And a yet to control mealybug which is fond of wider range of flower color shall be Clivi as and may build up in great num expected. Perhaps pure white Clivia bers in the axils of the leaves. flowers may sometime surpass the well As may well be imagined the new known Easter lily for holiday observ hybrids are finding many well shaded ances. But no matter what the destiny frost free gardens to their liking. Cli of hybrid Clivias may be, they certain vias combine excellently with plants of ly are among the ,best of shade plants a subtropical nature, such as palm, tree in year around beauty and distinction. Rock Garden Notes ROBERT C. MONCURE, Ed1'to1' Aqllilegia pilletOrttllL T idestrom down extreme multiplication. However, The notes on Aq'uilegia pHbescens by in the scheme of things, the seed col Mrs. Lester Rowntree in the July 1945 lector is often left like a hawk to soar number remind me of the first time I ar·ound to spot and pounce upon his saw it while in Yos~mite Park. I too prey ... and the exultation in a find! was impressed with its majestic beauty. T he seed readily germinated in pots That night in dreaming over the day's and was set out in the garden as small exploits, I recall ed the columbines I had plants along side of each other for seen on Cedar Breaks in Utah. The study. There was no set back or diffi more I thought, the more the two seem culty in taking hold as experienced by ed alike. The attendant at the lodge Mrs. Rowntree ... perhaps pure luck. there thought they were nativ e but There was little if any comparative could not name them. study owing to wide differences. After From appearences of the stand I several years both disappeared. Here concluded they were garden hybrids was a fascinating thought :-two spe that had reseeded over a course of cies .taken from similar altitudes of years. The fl owers were a large uni about 10,000 feet, some eight hundred form w hite with long spurs. \Vhen I miles apart, and brought together to realized that the altitude of Cedar be companions at sea level and a cli Breaks and that of Mt. Dana, their mate not suited to alpines ... with our habitat in Yosemite, were each ap domesticated ·columbine in the garden proximately 10,000 feet, I had a fan as audience. tastic thought. Possibly the terrane be Regarding related species, ecological tween the two peaks was once table ly and floristically, it should be recalled. land and the area between sunk leaving that the altitudinal relationships may these peaks, and si milar ones, as islands differ between two regions. One may perpetuating the species. ,find like elevati·ons yet complexion of I wrote the Park Naturali st, of Cedar the fl ora and terrane is quite different. Breaks, Mr. Clifford C. Presnall, and Aqllileg-ia. pinetOrll111 Tidestrom is a he sent me seed naming it A . p1:11eto1'um recent discovery. A native of the Great Tidestrom and expressed interest in the Basin in the vast PillllS pO llderosa area study. He apologized for delay in for of Southern Utah and Northern Ari warding stating that chipmunks seem zona and ranging in altitude from 10,- to harvest them before they get ripe 400 feet to some 6,000 feet whereas but he had mana-ged to get a few. So A . pubescens range in the Sierra Ne the deer are not the only curse of the vada from some 12.000 to 9,000 feet. seed collector as reported by Mrs. A. pi·netorum is white only, resembling Rowntree but also a culprit more num the subspecies albiflom, and its botanic erous. The columbine is a prolific seed al position is described as appearing to producer and also prolific in germina li e between A. coenllea and A. chr')lsa.l'I ti on. The lush seed pods thus appear in tha. T o the former it is related by its the animal menu as a help to keep sometimes faintly bluish sepals while [1 68 ) Apr., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 169 Call1.pan.u.la lasiocarpa the long and very slender spurs are The M~£stQ,1' d Family related to the latter. The average amateur, observing GEORGE B. FURNISS plants that grow in his garden, is of Oakland, California course able to recognize and name such C a11'1,panula lasiocarpa flowers as Delphinium, Phlox, or Col umbines. If, however, he were to see This member of the well known and beloved Bellflower Family is distin only the seed pods of these plants, and guished from the better known Cam not the fl.owers, he might have diffi pa,n~~la uniflom by the sharply-toothed culty in determining from what plants leaves, larger corolla and sharply these seed vessels were taken: and in toothed calyx-lo.bes. this connection, may I suggest that gar It is a small plant, 3-6 inches high, den clubs could probably spend a pleas nearly smooth. The leaves grow to ant half hour, if members were asked 1-% inches, the flowers are bright blue, to identify a number of pods of plants, a;bout 1 inch long, with a dark line down which all present had frequently seen the center of each petal, solitary, fra or grown. I suspect that the number grant. The broadly open bell sways on of incorrect answers would be quite a short slim stem. The plant grows at large. high altitudes in poor gravelly soil. It There is one family of plants whose is widely dis·tributed in Northern North generic name cannot be recognized America and Northern Asia. solely by a cursory glance at the flow SARAH V . COOMBS ers. That fa mily i the Crucifers, or as 170 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1946 it is commonly called, the Mustard Family. All the flowers are alike in that they .have four distinct petals, and six stamens, four long and two sho-rt. Often the flowers of different genera bel·onging to this family are so much alike that we must wait to see the seed pod develop before we can identify them. To this family belong the Wall flowers, Aubrietias, Alyssum, Arabis, Candy tuft, Athionema, and a large num ber of weeds, such as field Mustard, Shepherd's Purse, as well as such wild flowers as Cress and Toothwort. The reader may possibly challenge this statement by asserting for example, that he can always recognize an Alys sum sGJXatile, or an Ambis alpina. How ever, his recogniti CLEMENT G. BOWERS, Editor Rhododend1'on in the N01'thwest. details that would be useful in remem Here on Puget Sound we do not bering the flower and its characteristics. have the extreme in temperature, This time we are presenting a picture thanks to the Japan Current. The low of a mass of seedlings in which the im est this winter, situated on the water portant thing to be presented is the front as I an), has been 30 degrees .habit, erect, a little thin, in the younger Fahrenheit. The coldest I have ever stages and with enough lightness' to seen is 16°F. It very rarely gets above allow a play of sunlight through the 90°F in the summers, and then for short mass. The photograph als·o suggests periods only. Our rainfall is about 30 the manner in which the ft.owers sit inches yearly. lightly on their flowering twigs. Of course, my pride and joy are the Albino forms have been reported three and four-star English hybrid and once were offered in a Japanese rhododendrons. Loderi King George, catalogue but no importations were Earl' of Athlone, Fabia, Mars, Azor made, worse luck, so now that is some and Brittania are a few that I think thing to be desired and waited for. of, without which I could not get along. Meantime hundreds of seedlings have The individual blooms of Loderi King been raised and many saved in the George, measured 5 Yz inches across hope that there might be some aLbinos last year and they have a delightful scent among them. This has not happened, of peaches that scents the whole gar although there has been a wide coJor den. Most of my species ,come from a range from very light hues to deep small nursery in Seattle. Augustini is toi1alities of the same essentially lav very good and is a clear bright blue ender pink, which is so often excused clear. T/f/ illi(m~ ,sianu11~, yunnanense, as 'orchid'. If the texture of the petals Griersonianum and ciliatum certainly were 110t so delicate that light, especially wiII hold their own with the hybrids. the cool crisp li ght of Spring, could I have a number of other species which not shine through them it would be a have not bloomed as yet and still hope rather sorry color. As it is, light can to live Long enough to see auricula tum shine through them and if the plants open its white flowers in July. are set in such a fashion that they will Shade, plenty of mulch, and water get just this play of light, the effect seem to -be the answers to rhododen is ,of really quite tender pinks. dron culture here. The soil is naturall y The only other thing that has been acid but a little old cow manure seems interesting in the seedling masses is to agree with mine. the fact that one lot of seed has pro J. E. HADDEN, NI. D ., duced plants that flower nbout one Bremerton, Wash. week to ten days later than their fel lows and there is no difference in site Rhododendro111, 'reticulatu 111,. (See page that would excuse or explain it. The 173) same so rt of thing has been noted in It has been some time since the seedling lots of the native Flame azalea, Magazine published the close up of this so perhaps it is a vagary of the genus. charming species. with all the small T empe ratures here go always t o [1 71 ) 172 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1946 zer-o, on<:e 111 every winter and some this area which go through a period times below; in summer to over 90 of uncertainty before deciding to stay always, but the azalea goes merrily on and thrive. Young plants of <:rape its way and often opens the season, myrtle often die to the ground several getting ahead of R. 11I/,UCronu lat~£111, un winters only to be<:ome eventually quite less we have a February 'spell' that hardy. fools the latter. The variety flowered here is pot Washington, D. C. grown and spent its winters in a cold pit. Plants of the same clone have now Azu,lea, Sei-getsu. (See page 175) gone through two winters with no <:on Mention has been made in this de spicuous damage except in the very partment -on more than one occasion smallest cuttings, which had not 'wood' of the very interesting azaleas that enough. The shape and carriage of the were introduced into the trade by the flowers re<:alls that of plants of either Chugai Nursery Company in Osaka line, but the very rounded smooth Japan. They were given, it will be re quality reminds us of the character of called, no other explanation than that the flowers of Azalea macrantha, now they were 'indica-macrantha' hybrids. Rhododendron indiculH. The wlor is In some of the notes under the several described in the original as 'lilac with varieties, definite statements were made purple' whi<:h is vague enough. but the such as "This is a hybrid between color is seen here as a clear lavender. ma<:ranthum and Mad. Morreaux alba" Floweri ng like that of its fellows is and this interpreted in terms of present late. In a season like that of 1945, which day taxonomy would mean a cross be was premature, the members of this tyveen Rhododendron indiculn Sweet race flowered from the latter half of and some done of R. Si1nsii G. Don., May in the earliest clones to the end although the more one studies the old of June. books in the golden period of the In I am told that this is not considered dian Azaleas, the more dubious one a desirable feature in our South where feels about the pronouncements of the these plants are on trial, but it seems late E. H. Wilson as to the parentages strange that a continuation of the of some of these fine plants. azalea season might be as welcome in There remains much to be learned Georgia as it is here. about the Chugai hybrids before they With the coming season it is the in <:an be announced as defini tely useful tention of publishing more or less of a for this or that purpose. The evidence check list of these plants and show as here seems to be that they will eventual many pictures as possible as there is ly adapt themselves to outdoor plant already one catalogue in this country ing provided they <:an be nursed along publishing a 'fancy' name for one of until there is an adequate amount of the plants that sounds suspiciously like good firm wood. To how many named the Japanese original. clones this statement will apply remains \iVashingtoll, D. C. to be proven, since it is not improbable that the various 'indi<:a' parents may How tall is a J(urUI11e? themselves have transmitted varying There has been some exchange of degrees of hardiness. On the other correspondence with the Editor of this hand one mily take <:o urage in remem Section about the height of the Kurume bering that there are many plants in azaleas. In replying to one inquiry, I Apr., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 173 r .' Claude Hope [See page 171) Rhodod eJl dTOn reticula fum 174 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1946 had occasion to quote Wilson, (Mono. be expected to change when the same Azaleas p.34, 1921) "The plants are plants were brought to lower levels and seldom a meter tall, more usually' less comfortable living. It should also be than half of this and quite commonly recalled that the plants as commonly they are prostrate and hug boulders grown in Japanese gardens at these dosely. The ha:bit is normally dense lower levels are usually subjected to a twig by twig pruning that would damp and twiggy, when sheltered a few er the ardour of anything! strong shoots develop and the plant It would be pleasant to reopen the becomes relatively tall and sparsely subject of Kurumes and their possible branched." height, but people writing us will There seems to be some reason to please report whether or not their add that the behavior of a plant that plants are grown under trees and if so was observed and described from a what trees! Filtered light makes its high altitude, open area which was own contribution to stature in under both sun and wind swept, might easily plantings, Narcissus Notes B. Y. MORRISON, Editor Notes fr011'L Alabama. and the "twin Sisters" found in such One reason daffodils are so uni profusion around old homesteads are versally loved is because they come so narcissi. Of course the connoisseur is early in the spring. We 'have spent the more meticulous in his classifications. winter months with just the green of When we built a home eight years conifers and evergreens against the ago we found the soil a gray crawfish gray of the leafless trees and we are mud. In establishing ,our garden, which hungry for color. is rectangular and two feet a:oove the As a harbinger of spring they are surrounding grounds, we excavated as authentic as the bluebird or the kite the beds to a depth of two feet. We tails on the telephone wires. used stones and flattened tin cans in They are perfectly at home in the the bottom for drainage and filled in South, where they blootn and increase with a mixture of leafmold, sand, some for years with very little attention. clay and s'ome of the excavated soil. They should be divided every four or Bone meal was then forked into the five years. If given bone meal as the mixture. The daffodils were planted foliage is dying down they form better about four inches deep in groups buds for next year's blooming. among the perennials. Drainage is still The daffodil belongs to the narcissus our problem. After continuous. rains family. This family is divided into the daffodils stand in water one to two about eleven groups, Usually in the inches deep. It soon drains off and South the term "daffodil" is used in does not seem to injure them, at least speaking of the long and medium they live on and bloom and multiply. trumpets, The small, fragrant yeUows We hope to work the beds over and with rush-like foliage are "jonquils," build them up several illches above the The poeticus, the clustered varieties, surrounding terrain. Apr., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 175 Claude Hope [See page 172 ) Azalea "Sei-getsu" 176 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1946 All of the varieties are hardy in this Pearl, Argent, Orange Phoenix, Daph \ latitude except the Tazettas and some ne. I of their hybrids. They have to be pro- 10. VClJrious Species-Bulbocodium tected if brought into flower. They Conspicuus, Cyclamineus. bloom in profusion in the open farther It is always exciting to have some south. We have naturalized some this thing in your garden that you have not fall, under a group of trees and drifting grown before. This year, among other beyond. We had to plant the trees and flowers, we have added these narcissl: wait for them to grow before we could The Prince, Inglescomb, Mrs. R. O. do this. It is the loveliest way to use Backhouse, HelianthUis, Klondyke, them. When they bloom this spring, if Frans Hals, Actaea, Holland's Glory they seem to beLong, we shall add to and Ettrick. They are not new in the planting as the years go by. troductions but they will be new in Some varieties that we woull like our garden. \i\Te shall await their to add to our collection are Beersheba, blooming with eargerness. The wait Fortune, Sonja, Sunkist, Suda, Daisy ing shall not be long fo'r the little fra Schaeffer, Mrs. Theo. Havemeyer. grant jonquils and some of the cluster Some of the varieties we have grown ed narcissi are already in bud. By the and enjoyed for years are listed below. last of January or the first of February 1. Trumpet Daffodils-Ben Hur, the gay procession will begin and for Diotima, King Alfred, Emperor, Olym several weeks the daffodil will reIgn pia, Forerunner, Lovenest, Mrs. Krel supreme in Southern gardens. age, Eve, Milo, Kantara, Imperator, MRS. J. T. HACKNEY, Spring Glory, Glory of Sassenheim, Birmingham~ Ala. Empress. 2. Incomparabilis-Bernardino, Red Notes from Kansas, 1945. Cross, Sir Watkin, John Evelyn, Mil Kansas does have wonderful Spring ford Haven, Dick Vv'ellband , Francisca weather for daffodils. We may have Drake, Pres. Viger, Stella Pratt, Gal hot weather and dust storms later on, Iipoli, Red Shadow. ' but we can boast of our beautiful 3. Barrii-Diana Kasner, Firetail, Spring display. Fleur, Alcida, Sunstar, Sea Gull. Our daffodils stay with us and mul 4. Leedsii-Gertie Millar, Tunis, tiply. There may be a few losses in the Hera, Silver Star, Mystic, White Nile, early ones if they are not carefully Her Grace, Mrs. Percy Neal. planted and deep enough. King Alfred, S. Triandrus Hybrids - Triandrus for example should be planted twelve Albus, Thalia, Agnes Harvey. inches deep here. Poetaz varieties seem 6. Jonquil Hybrids - Campanelle to require a little mulch for they are single, Jonquilla Simplex, J onquilla the only ones I lose in my garden. If florepleno, Lady Hillingdon, Orange they do not do well I change their Queen. location. I had to try several years be 7. Tazettas and Hybrids - Paper fore I could grow the Leedsii, John \i\Thite, Glorious, La Fiancee, Laurens Evelyn; !finally I planted it in .full sun Koster, Orange Cup, Cheerfulness and they are now in fine growth. (double), Irmelin. White Nile is a good multiplier and 8. Poeticus-Recurvus, Albus plen lovely; not large but pure white. If I us odoratus, Rupert Brooke, Red Rim. could have only one white daffodil, it 9. Double Varieties - Twink, The would be Ada Finch. 1t is very large Apr., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 177 and beautiful. Comes too early for the Alasnam which I especially like. These Show. Some say it is too heavy and are not only early but of good size would not stand up but it did in my and length of stem. Further down the garden. Another choice one is Dick path the golden King Arthur stands Wellband, very outstanding and always up tall and stately, although out of a winner if in bloom for the Show. doors they do not give me as large Last year I brought in a bud just flowers as the bulbs which are forced showing color, placed it under the in the greenhouse. electric light all evening. To my sur My long row of Van Waveren's prise next morning it was fully opened Giant come second early and always and when taken to the Show won first gives a wealth of bloom. They are a place. I also tried one ·of the double fine flower but the stems could be a Inglescomb 3. The buds were green on little longer. Robert Sydenham and account of the long cold weather and Olympia are also well worth growing I knew they would blast if left outside although two of the older s0'rts. The in that condition. The ones I brought handsome Dictima which blooms by in opened well and entered in the Show the corner of the greenhouse is a spe won a place. Those left out blasted. cial golden treasure. Matamax is also \Vhen it stays cold for any length of a ,good late flower but I have not for time the thing to do is to cut them and gotten Lord Wellington, which is bring them into the warmth. If blooms worthy of the name and the best of come too early, we cut them and put all my yellow trumpets. The stems are them in the ice box where they will long and the flowers keep wonderfully. keep for several weeks. Of course all Over the hedge the fine line of food must be removed or it will take Leedsii, Silver Star shows itself much up the odors. at home and gives an abundance of Some years the developing flowers pale yelLow and white flowers, which are frozen stiff if we have a cold spell, fade to nearly white making a won but they seem to come through it if it derful contrast with the deeper, -colored is not repeated too many times. They kinds. are wonderful flowers and make one In the Incomparabilis Section, I am of my favorite garden hobbies, one that discarding Bernardino for the newer leads me on and on. This coming and better sorts. A mong these are Spring I look forward to flowering of \Valter Hampden, mid-season and a Daisy Schaffer, Staatendam, Eskimo, special favorite. I should like to have Damson, Havelock, Porthilly, St. Ives, many of it. In the same gr-oup Will Killigrew. Fairy Circle, Green Mantle, Scarlett, like an old friend brightens Hymettus, Lanarth, Red Rim, Daphne the corner wi th its gay orange cups. I and many others planted last Autumn. think it could be discarded, however, MRS. W. B. MILLS, fo r the newer much larger and better Topeka, Kansas. Fransisco Drake of similar color. Also of the same Secti on, I have a large My Daffodils, Clinto11;, N ew York. clump of John E velyn, which is a de One of the greatest joys of Spring light and joy, although I feel the fl ow time are the bright cheery daffod1l s, er do not last as long as some. R ed which spring up with the melting Cr-oss is another strong grower with snows. Among the first of these are bold primrose fl owers and cups of the the flowers of the fine yellow trumpet same hue blended with orange. They 178 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL 11AGAZINE Apr., 194,:; are fin e enough for any garden or with possible some of the daint 'rock bouquet and I think that if I were to garden' sorts. have but one flo wer it would be this. MISS GLADYS POWELL Red Shadow has flow ers with beauti Na1'cissus, Q'vtetta, (See page 179) ful orange headings, but they turn their heads down too modestly, a fault In the general pictures that ganJell I find in several of thi s Section. Twink ers are wont to paint ill broad tonE'S is the onl y double narcissus that I and colors, the narcissus is likely to contribute best in the pure yellow to grow an d while it has interestin g ~ hit e, since the finer colorings that orange and yellow fl owers, I find they come in cups no matter how brilliant do not keep very long after being cut. the Incomparabilis or Ban-ii may be, For very late fl owering I like Alcicl a. serves in the mass, to warm the color I think that for sheer sparkling yell ow that is set by the perianth. cups and waxy white perianth, I havE' All this is very well fo r the person nothing else to equal them. A bouquet who is interested only in such matters, of these long stemmed beauties is a but there are many lovely varieties of lovely picture lasts a long time and narcissus with charms that cannot be rivals the flowers in the garden where valued or appreciated from afar. -Such they also are long in bloom. is the case with the variety Quetta. Two years ago I bought a collection which has the usual almost white of daffodils including bulbs of Schu perianth of its kind but a delicate ci mann, . Sheherazade, Hades, Eskimo, tron cup, quite pale in fact, with a thin marginal rim of salm on orange. Orange King, Mayflower, Pygmalion, For no special reason perhaps other Adler and Village Beauty. So fa r I than it did not enj oy the transplanting have tested them, I think Adler is the from its Irish home to my garden with only one really olltstanding but per the terili zation bath in betvieen, this haps I shall find them much better On did not settle down well into gro\\" th further acqu2intance. until it had been here fo r some years. With daffodils as with other fl owers N ow that all the bulbs are probably there is the delightful anticipation of bul bs that have developed here it makes always new and better vari eties coming its annual offering in good faith. Yisi along each year. I hope to add to 111y tors are not likely to notice it, as it collection the yell ow trumpets Mega does not demand the attention of its phone and Moongold, an d the white more lusty brothers, but people who of the same class called China Clay ; have fou nd a particular delight in such Incomparabilis Bertha Aten, Copper varieties as Fairy Circle, Carnlough in Bowl, Red Bird, and Scarlet Leader: a good season, and some of the more Peking and Pomona in the Ban'ii delicate Leedsii poeticus varieties, \\·i ll Division; Leedsii Daisy Schaffer and welcome it. Poeticus Grand Opera to close the li st \Vashington, D. C. :\.pr., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 179 Robed L. Ta31lor [See page 178] N Glrcissus, Quetta Cactus and Succulents W. TAYLOR MARSHALL, Editor Cleistocacti, the Firecracker Cactus they become acclimated then put in full To be interesting to gardeners, cacti sunshine. A heavy watering weekly in must be of a type capable of successful hot weather is preferable to more fre cultivation in pots with ordinary care quent and lighter waterings. and they must also produce attractive Cleistocactus Bau11'!annii, a native of flowers in cultivation. The Cleistocacti western Argentina, Uruguay and Para include several species that come into guay is the species preferred by most such a category because of their sim growers. It forms clusters of diver plicity of cultivation and because they gent branches up to 3 feet high and 1 bear numerous, brightly colored flowers to 10 inches in diameter, ribbed and about the size and shape of a firecrack bearing spine clusters at frequent inter er, followf>d by dark red fruits. vals. The spines are yellowish to Flower,- are produced early in the brown with a few longer ones of dark spring and continue throughout the brown. The flower first appears as a summer months, each flower lasting a small bunch of grayish wool and this week or more. The .first fruits appear lengthens into a three-inch, pencil in late July and others follow in suc shaped, orange-scarlet flower that hard cession through August into Septem ly opens although crimson style extends ber. beyond the petals at maturity. The Because of their ·base branching fruit is a round, dark red-brown berry habit, Cleistocacti should be planted in about ~ inch in diameter. fa irly large pots, an 8-inch fern pot Cleistowctus Grossei has shorter, is suitable ' for either a seedli ng or a slimmer stems and its spines are longer cutting. Soil should be the standard and a beautiful golden color contrasting mixture of equal parts top-soil, sharp 111 a striking mnaner with the curved, sand and well aged leaf-mold. Cuttings bright salmon-pink flowers. This spe should be calloused by exposing the cut cies is just becoming a va ila bJ.e but end to the sun for a week or ten days, should prove very popular. covering the remainder of the cuttino' . b Clcistowctlls SllIaragdijlorlls greatly wIth several layers of newspaper. vVhen resembles C. Balll/wlllli'; in size and ap well calloused plant about 2 inches deep pearance except that the spines are supporting the cutting by a plant stake. usually shorter and darker and the scar Do not water for a week or ten days let fl owers are tipped with emerald to allow roots to form and then on'lv green. lightly until roots are well established. Cleistocactlls Straussii, known as the Cleistocacti will not stand tempera "silver torch cactus" has several erect tures below 40 degrees and therefore branches which are hidden by soft, should be taken indoors in early fall bristle-like si lvery spines. This species and kept in a light, dry place, prefer seld om fl owers in cultivation and it has ably at temperatures above 50 degrees. a di stressi ng habit of drying' back from Water very lightly about once each two the tip in the second or third year, al weeks. In sprjng bring the pots out ways sending up new branches to re doors into a partly shaded spot until place the drying ones. [1801 Apr., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 181: Cle£stowctus Grossei Bckbg. X 0.5 Golden spines a11d salmon pink flowers contrast with green stems Cleistocactus areolatus and the close Easte1' Cactus ly related, if not con specific, C. Roezlii, The name Easter Cactus is as fully C. t0111!'inel1sis, C. H erzogian~t s and C. accepted as is the name Christmas Cac parvifiorus are all large growing spe tus but in the latter the name is appli cies that rarely flower in cultivation and cable to ,but one species and its vari are unsuitable for pot culture. eties while the name Easter Cactus is Cleistocactus tupize11sis is a less at applied equally to two species in the tractive companion of C. Straussii with genus S chlu11,!'be?'gera both of which long, golden and brown spines. It shares produce their fl owers in April and May. all of the objectionable features of C. Schlu11q,be1'geros are similar in growth Strm£ssii. habit to Z ygoca.ctu.s and are also native Cleistocactus 111 orawetzian us, from to the tropical rain forests of Brazil, central Peru, is a newly in troduced where they are epiphytic on trees or species which is said to have white grow amid rocks in shaded locations, flowers. living on humus and watered by the The genus Cleistocactus should prove rains, which are of almost daily occur particularly attractive to a genuine cac rence. tophile as most of the 13 species and 6 In cultivation they should be potted varieties are obtainable. The two spe in a so;] mixture of eq ual parts of top cies not previously mentioned, C. B uch soi l, sharp sand and well aged leaf tie11ii and C. h,),alacanthus, are collec mold with the addition of one teacup tors items. of well rotted cow manure to each gal Vi. TAYLOR IVIARSHALL. lon. 182 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1946 - ----:r-~ Propagate from ma . I ture branches which should then ;)e al lowed to for111 a cal lous over the 'cuts by exposing the cuts to the sun, covering the rest of the cutting for about three days t.hen set the cutting with the lower % inch in the soil in the pots and soi l in which they are to be grown. Sup port the cutting by a plant stake and do not water fo r about three weeks to allow roots to fo rm. Both Schl/t1'Nberg ems and Zygocacti are grafted on foo t long cuttings of P eres kia, Selenicerells, H y - Schlu1nberge1'a Gaertner£ 1 0 c ere ~£ s or flat stemmed 0 pll11tias by After fl owering a rest period of a either the deft or the fl at graft method. month at least is desirable during which Grafting assures quicker maturity and water should be very sparingly applied fl owering and raises the fl owers above and the plant allowed to shrivel even to the side of the pot and brings them the extent of dr'oppiE g- some terminal in to easier view. branches, when the plant of its own For grafting the stock should be at accord shows signs of renewed activ least a foot high and well rooted in ity. water applicati ons should be in a pot. The cleft is made by splitting creased and a daily sy ringing given on the top of the stock to a depth of an warm days. L iquid fertili zer or com inch with a very sharp knife then cut plete plant food should be applied sev ting the scion into a wedge shape to ~ r a l times during the summer. remove the epidermis from the section As soon as the weather becomes chil that is to be in contact. insert this ly in early fall pLants should be re wedge into the spli t in the stock and moyecl indoors where water can be giv secure with a cactus spine then bind en twice weekly and the entire plant the graft with raffia or soft twine to syringed 'Occasionally. In late January prevent spreading. reduce water allotmen t and discontinue T o make a flat graft remove the up syringing to induce a partial rest while per two in ches of the stock by a cut the buds form but when the buds are tapering upward and remove the epi set more frequent waterings can be dermis of the scion in a similar manner resumed but without all owing water on frol11 one side uniting the two ,by the the plant. insertion of two cactus spines and bind ApI'., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 183 lightly but firmly with raffia or elastic calized but heavy showers resulting in bands. rapid runoff. Shrubby vegetation is The grafted scion can be trained over sparcely scattered over the slopes but wires shaped like a lamp shade to pro is densest in the runoff areas. The ter duce a ve ry effective umbrella shape rain is well illustrated by the photo which shows the fl owers to best advan graph of the canyon here described. tage. Species of Cacti are restricted by S chtU11!1,be?'gem Gaertne1' i, the species altitudes and are encountered in bands most frequently cultivated, has terminal as one ascends the mountain sides, the joints of an oval-elongate shape, fl at range of each species somewhat over tened to resemble a leaf, 2 to nearly 3 laps that of the species next above and inches long, dull green to copper col below it. Common to the entire area is ored, the margins crenate. The joints Agave lech$J.-guilla T orrey and a species are truncate at the top where clusters of H echf'ia possibly H. texensis, both of short, yellow bristles are borne. very spiney species that form large, al In age the joints thicken into elliptic, most impenetrable colonies in the midst bark covered stems. Flowers are regu of which the finest specimens of Cacti lar, star-like, about 2 inches broad, are usually found. scarlet red, with numerous petals some Commencing at the valley level we what recurved; numerous red stamens find numerous species of Opuntias, surround a longer, white style with 5 or Echi11,Oca.ctus horizontha,lon,i$£s Lemaire, 6 radiating stigma lobes. C01',),phmqtha texe1'!sis (Neol1oydia B. Schlum,be1'gem R $bSSeUiana has much & R.) Marshall., Echi·/1,oce1'e%s sar'is shorter, oval joints which have fewer sophon/.S B. & R.,Echinoce?'eus stra?1li crenations and the 2 inch flowers are neus (Enelmann) Rumpler, Thelocac violet pink. This species is rare in tus 1'inconensis (Poselg.) B. & R., T. cultivation but is a very attractive bicolor (Galeotti) B. & R. and a few plant. specimens of C o1'),phantha Poselgerial1a IN. TAYLOR lVIARSHALL. (Dietr.) B. & R. A specimen of Thelo ca.ct$tS 1'i l ~ conensis is shown in fig. 2 'The Cacti of a Desert S ection well protected by a colony of A gave That portion of Mexico comprised in lech$bguilla. the states of Coahuila and N uevo Leon As one ascends from the 4500 foot is particularly interesting to a xerophist level to about 5000 feet M a111,111,illa·ria because of the nUl'nber and diversity of L eo·na Poselger (Fig. 3) is found in succulent plants found there. Each dis association with several species of the trict has a flora exclusive to itself as pectinate spined Echinocerei especially well as other flora with a wider range. Echinocere1;£s das)'acantlH£s (Fig. 4) N ear the state line on the Saltillo shown with its large, greenish-yellow Monterrey road is a region of 111 0un fl owers expanded. M a?1'I.111.ill(J;ria Leona, tajn ranges about 2000 feet high rising which is frequently confused with from valleys which, thernselves are C01'),phantha Pottsii Scheer whi ch it about 4500 feet above sea level. INhile somewhat resembles, is a very C0111 - the mountains are not lofty the walls mOI1 plant in northern Mexico, pre ri se steeply and are very rocky, the sumab ly always at the 4500 to 5000 soil gravelly and calcareous and im foot level. pervious to water, rainfall is sparce and From about 5000 to 5500 feet spotty consisting largely of highly 10- Fel'ocactus Prillg1ei (Coulter ) B. & R. 184 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1946 Figure l-Typical collecting terrain between Monterrey a'l1d Saltillo, C oah., Mexico. Habitat of Ma111-1nilla1'ia R1:tteriana, M. leoni1', Arioca.rpus f~wfu, raceus, Bchinomastus lVIcDowellii, Thelocact ,~£s ri11cone11sis a'n.d many others. F1:gure 2- Thelocat~£s rinconensis. Figure 3 (lower left)- Ma11lf,wf,illaria le011ii in Coa- huila. Figure 4 (lower right)-Echil1oce1'eus dasyacanthus i1'1 Coahu,ila. Apr., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 185 Fig~we 5-Ferocactus P1'inglei, Coahuila. Figure 6-Ariocarpus furfuraceus and N eolloyd'ia co'/'I.oidea, Figm·e 7-Ma11lt1nillaria Ritte1' io.17a a'lld Echinocere~£s stra1'JII;im eus, C 00.11" dominates, Fig, 5 shows it in a more Thompson ancI C o'rypho.ntlia conoidea level terrain but can give no idea of (D, C) Marshall (Neolloydia B. & the brilliant recI of its spin es. Here also R,) , an~ found, Both are shown in Fig. Ariocm' pus furfuraceus (Vv a t son) 6. 186 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1946 Figu1'e 8-1\1la11'l1'/'l·iUa'ria candida, l'n Coahuila. Figure 9-Ech-inomastus Mac dowellm. There see l'NS to be (L variety that ({ clusters"; also great variety of spi·ne colors, some nearl'y l'ed. Between about 5.500 feet and 6,000 the mountains vast numbers of the long, feet we reach the range of M aI1'11nilla:r'ia pure white to reddish spined Echino Ritteriana Boedeker shown in Fig. 7 mastus Macdowellii (Rebut) B. & R. with Echinocere '~ £ s stnJ.min e '~ts (Eng.) occupy niches in the rock of the almost Rump!' both species are abundant in perpendicular mountainside. Here also this vicinity. Occasionally the beauti wonderful specimens of Agave F erdi ful, white spined M a1%milla.1'ia cal'ld'ida ·n.andi R eg1's Berger, described by Scheid. are found snuggling amongst Brown in the January issue of THE the rocks in such a manner as to sug NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE gest a n ~<;t ~ eggs as shown in Fig. 8. are indigenous. Here also Ep'ithelamtha 1niCr0111,eTis Our short but steep climb, in addi (Eng.) Weber variety pachyr'rhyza tion to revealing many charming speci Marshall sinks deep carrot-like roots mens, should teach us that all of the into the calcareous soil and an un species here considered will require a known species of Echinocerous with loose, gravelly soil with a high lime stoloniferous roots was located. This content and that water should be sup species is now under observation. plied sparingly in warm weather and Finally as one nears the sum111i t of very sparingly in winter and that none Apr., 1940 THE NATIONAL H ORT I CULTURAL :MAGAZI NE 187 of the species can be expected to be P lant life is unchanged and we were hardy in Ameri can gardens but must able to check all of the perennials noted haye indoor or hot house care during fo r the vari ous statiOL1s by the early our winters. botanists, the season being mid-wi nter ROBERT E. F LORES. the annuals were mostly Cl!bsent. Our fi rst check was made on the alluvial Death Valley FloTa fa n at the south end of the Funeral Between 1925 and 1932 business re Range where the road fr0111 Baker to quired me to spend several days each Shoshone Gosses the Range. H ere the second month in the D eath Valley re creosote bush, Lan-ea tridentata (D. gion of Califo rnia and Nevada but I C.) Cov. is the outstanding feature .of have not visited the region since it be the vegetation with a scattering of the came a national monument and a fa desert holly, At1'iplex hymenelytra \'orite winter resort fo r many tourists. (Torr. ) \Vats., a silvery leaved plant Instead the remote secti ons of Baja largely used in Christmas decorations Califo rnia and the high Sierras of So in the west. 0 p'u1'Itia echinocaI'pa E ng. nora have held my interest. & Big. represents the cylindrical opun ;\ recent telephone call from lVI r. tias while the platyopun tias are repre T . S. Palmer who was acting chi ef sented by 0 p1,m t1:a basilaris E ng. & Big. of the Death Valley Expedi tion of 1891 whose large magenta fl owers prove so renewed my interest in that country attractive in the spring. O nly one oth and cause d me to again read the very er cactus was observed, Echinocactus interesting report of F . V. Covine th e pO l}ICephalus E ng. & Big. which here botani st of the expediti on published as fo rms fa irly large clumps of globose or a Contribution from the U . S. National short cyli ndric heads. Herbarium, Vol. IV, in 1893. Death Valley itself is but sparsely The Christmas holiday affo rded an covered with vegetation although both opportunity to again revi sit D eath Val the creosote bush and the desert holly ley which I did in company with E d. are found on the mountain sides, the Gueguen, assistant to the editor of the outstanding plant of the valley fl oo r is Cactus J ournal. \Ve left Los A ngeles the piddeweed or iodin e bush, Allen early and drove through to D eath Val r olfea occide1'ltalis (S. vVats.) Kuntze ley the fi rst day, spent the second day which grows on hummocks of mixed in the Valley and the adjoinit1g P ana sand and clay at the borders 01 the mint Valley and on the third day vis salt marshes. The hummocks are ited the country south of Barstow and formed by the drifting of sand amongst returned to Los A ngeles the third the branch es of A Uen1'olfea and the ni ght. \Ve had covered 701 miles and subsequent higher growth of the plant. spent 14 daylight hours botani zing. Some of the larger hummocks are three The expedition of 1891 required about feet high and nine to fi fteen feet long-, six weeks fo r the same distance. extending in a northerly and so utherly Despite the eXCellelJt roads that made direction, corresponding with the pre our travels so fast and easy the desert vailing winds. within fi fty feet of the roads is just The road to Lone P ine crosses the about as it was when Palmer. Covill e Panamint Range and we stopped fo r and their party covered the territory on a check on the west slope of the range horses in 1891. The large tourist ho as we descended into Panami nt Vall ey tels in the Vall ey appear very im pres and here fo und the creosote bush. sive when viewed from a few miles Larrea tr-identata the outstanding plant. away. a yery interesting little bllSh. call ed 188 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1946 burro plaut or sand burr, F?'anse?"ia lief, real or simulated. It is also thought dU1'1'{'osa Gray was int(lrspersed with by the Indians to grow hair and was the creosote bush as it is over much of offered to me for this purpose many the desert. Desert holly is also a promi years ago by a well meaning Indian nent feature. The same three species friend. of cacti noted in the Funeral Range Before making this trip I bad feared were found in the Panamints but here that Death Valley would be spoiled we found the very interesting shrub, since its inclusion in the National Tham~nQlsa '/III/Jontana Torr. & Fre111. Monuments but I find that under the called the "turpentine broom." National Park Service all of the natu . Thamnosa is a yellowish-green, low, ral features of the Valley are carefully bushy shrub barren of leaves except preserved while the greatly improved in the growing season. Its fruits are roads and comfortable accommodations about the size of peas and bright yel provided for all classes of travellers lowish green in color with skin like an has only made the Valley and its gran orange to which it is related. The deurs available to more people. stems bear numerous blister-like glands Ilv. TAYLOR MARSHALL which yield an oil which is very irritat ing to the skin. The stems, when Pediocactus Sim,psonii an Alpine cactus crushed give ·off a rank odor which In the year 1859 an expedition under later becomes a pleasant coconut odor the direction of Captain J. H. Simpson, and are used 'by the Panamint Indians an army engineer officer, was under to poultice open wounds to induce rap taken to determine a direct wagon route id healing. A tea is made from the from Camp Floyd to Genoa in Carson stems and drunk by the medicine men Valley across the Great Basin of the who become crazed 'by it but then are Territory of Utah. Accompanying the able to-find things long lost according expedition as its geologist, Henry En to Mr. E. C. Jaeger. gelmann, brother of Dr. George Engel We at first thought the turpentine mann of Saint Louis, sent to his broth broom to be a species of Ephedra, sev er many plant novelties including a eral species of which are indigenous very handsome cactus which Dr. En to this region. Ephedm f~me?'ea is the gelmann described in Transactions of joint fir of the Funeral Range while the Academy of Science of St. Louis EphedTa wli.fon~iw is common on the II :197 as Echinowctus Si?1~pSonii . deserts of California and Baja Cali At the same time Dr. Engelmann de fornia and is harvested commercially scribed a very small variety from -Colo and sold as a health tea having a fine rado which he called variety 1ni?1oT. flavor. It is called squaw tea by the In 1876 in Cactaceae of Simpson's Ex desert rats who use it when coffee is pedition the descriptions of both the short. They attribute to it aphrodisiacal species and the variety were amplified qualities without any justification but and special stress was made of the it is used in the relief of some kidney alpine location of the variety which complaints. came from "the gravelly moraines of The creosote bush is used by the the glacial period of Clear Creek Val desert Indians for several purposes and ley. between 8.000 and 9,000 feet alti was steeped and the resultant tea given tude. and, in the southern part of the to me oy an Indian when I suffered Territory, .the Sangre de Cristo Pass, from a kidney complaint and I believe 10,000 feet hig-h . that the fear of a second dose of the John M. Coulter in Contributions noxious fluid helped to immediate re- from U. S. National Herbarium III: Apr., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 189 P ediocactus Simpsoni 7 :3 77, 1896, described variety robus whitish or yel1owish. T he fruit IS a ti01' based on collections in Nevada by small green, dry berry. Watson in 1868 and by Brandegee and Britton and Rose recognizing that Tweedy in Washington. As its name this plant is not referrable to any of implies this is a much larger form with the earlier genera placed it in a genus dark, nearly black spines. by itself in Britton and Brown's Illus This Washington plant was collected trated Flora editi·on 2, 2 :569, 1913. over one hundred years ago by Charles Their choice of a name for the genus A. Geyer as reported by him in The is most unfortunate as Pediocactus London Journal of Botany 5 :25 , 1846. means plains cactus and the species is He took dried specimens and seeds to a mountain dweller even though B. B. London and several seedlings were Smi th reported it from Kansas. raised at Kew but no at-tempt was made The species should be successful for to describe it at that time. outdoo r culture in many sections as it The plant is globe-shaped, covered seems to take more moisture than most with warts called tubercles from the of the cactus species and in much of its apex of which the spines and fl owers range is under snow for most of the arise. These tubercles are arranged in winter. We illustrate a bed of the spiralled rows and each one bears 20 robust vari ety as grown in Dieringer, to 30 spines which are white, brown Washington by A. S. Harmer of whi ch or sometimes almost black. Frequently he writes: "Thi s bed of Pediocactus the plant ·branches from the base form has been growing for two years and ing clumps of globose heads. The small stood our rainy winters fine. 330 flow flowers arise near the center of the ers were open at one time in May." plant and vary in color from pink to It will be noted that the bed is raised 190 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1946 or, rarely, four ribbed stems that nor mally assume a pendent position. In cultivation it is usual to stake the stems to an upright position. Early botanists thought that the flattened stems were in fact leayes and the first species introduced were named Epiphyllum by the botanist Adrian Haworth in his Synopsis Plalltaru711 Succulellto1"U1/'l in 1812, a word C0111- pounded fr0111 the Greek e pi, upon and jJ/tyIl1l1'll, a leaf. The type species of Haworth's genus was Cactlls phyllall fhtts Linnaeus. In 1831 the botanist Link erected the genus Phyllocactus, meaning leaf-cactus and he also selected Cactus ph.j,zlanthus Linnaeus as his type. The latter name, while invalid. became the commonly used name for these species and Epiphylhllli "'as ap Figure l-Epiphyllu1n strictum plied to one species only, Epiphylllllll trIf11catliS Haw. This confusion re mained until 1890 when Carl Schu above the surrounding ground to per mann proposed the same ZygOcact liS mit rapid drainage of water as no for the zygomorphic-flowered E piph )Il cactus will stand water at its roots for Ium trul1catus Haw. any great period. W. TAYLOR MARSHALL Schumann's proposal was largely dis regarded until Britton and Rose in a E p·ip hyUu 171 S, PhjJ!locacti a11d Orchid bulletin of the United States )Jational Cacti Museu111 issued in June. 1913. sepa The epiphytic cacti are unarmed rated the sub-tribe into se\'eral genera plants with large, often very colorful. based on fl ower structure. which sepa flowers and are cherished by many who ration was further increased in their have no use for the more spiny species. monograph of the family issued in Returning service men tell us that 1923. The system they proposed. with throughout Europe specimens of the few changes. is now meeti ng general epiphytes are found in 1110 st homes and acceptance throughout the world. in the United States their popularity is Under this system plants in the sub steadil y in creasing. tribe fall into two general classifica As we plan to have at least one tions: article on this group of plants in each First. species whose branches regu future issue it would be advisable for larly divide by pairs. us to clearly define the group at the Second. species whose branches arise very beginning to avoid the taxonomic irregularly fro III the primary stem. confusion that will otherwise arise. The first section contains two genera These epiphytes are all contained in with zygomorphic flowers. that is fl ow a sub-tribe of Cactaceae call ed Epi ers capable of di vision into two sym phyllanae. and all of them are tree metrical halves on ly by a single longi dwellers, with flatten ed, three ribbed tudinal plane passing through the axis Apr., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 191 Figure 2-upper left; Figure 3- upper right; Figure 4-lower left ; Figure 5- lo'We1' right. See last pa1'ogmph of text for explaNation Z 'ygocactm, called Christmas Cactus, simi lar in body structure and one and Ep'iph'yllo'l'lthus, a genus seldom genus with regular fl owers, Schlll1l1ber seen here are simi lar in fl owers but di s- gem, called the Easter Cactus. 192 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1946 Figul'e 6-See last pa1'agraph of (('xi The second section is again divided The gelllls Epiphyllu1"'L as we will into species whose flowers have tubes consider it contains only true species which are definitely longer than the from the wilds with long white flowers limbs, as illustrated in photograph 1, which are usually night bloomers but showing an opening bud on Epiphyl in some species day bloomers, but in hwn strictu~I/'~. Only the genus Epi variably the tube of the flower is longer phyllum has such flowers. If the flow than the limb. er tube is not longer than the limb the Intrageneric hybrids, which all have plant may belong to N opalxochia, white or whitish flowers, could be spo Chiapasia, Disocactus or Eccremocac ken of as Epiphyllum hybrids, but the tus. intergeneric hybrids with colored flow Epiphyll~b11~ Acken1ttann.q·i Haworth ers can not be so considered and we has been included in the list of hybrids prefer to speak of them as Orchid Cacti. for many years, but when Charles L. As one of the parents of these color Gilly found the plant in the wilds in ful intergeneric hybrids such remote the state of Veracruz, Mexico, as re genera as the terrestrial H elioce-reus ported in. Cactus and Su The fl ower of H eliocereus speciosus is bear large, almost foliaceous scales 111- show in photograph 2 and similarity dicating a strain of H ylocereus. The to it is displayed by several of the Or spines sometimes noted in the axils of chid Cactus fl owers shown in photo the fl ower tube scales on Orchid Cacti graphs 3 to 6. in dicate a strain of H elioce1'eus .or The Orchid Cactus has a color range S ele11ice1'e'v£ s in the parentage. in its fl owers from rich cream through Photograph 2 shows H elioce1'eus apricot to the pinks and reds, often with s pcciosus above and N opalxochia Ac a decided blue coloration in the flower kerlJlGI111'ii below. N umber 3 shows Or throat. This blue or purple is clearly chid Cactus Melody, number 4, Agatha, derived from the Heliocerei in the number 5, Padre and in number 6, parentage. Orchid Cactus Phyllanthoides X Gmn It will be noted from the photo diftorusis on the left and Dante on the graphs that the true Epiphyllums have right. All of the photographs were a very few, small scales on the fl ower taken by Scott E. Haselton. tube while many of the Orchid Cacti VV. TAYLOR MARSHALL A Book or T "'0 Plant Hunting in Chilla. E. H. M. sounds ancl looks in the pictures like a Cox. Collins, 14 St. J ames P lace, place to hunger after; some of it looks London, 1945. 230 pages, illus rather barren. trated. 12/6. Perhaps the important thing about This is a most readable· book whether the book is that it brings together so one is concerned with the details of much of what may slip out of history plant hunting, in China or anywhere sooner or later if some such book had else. Mr. Cox writes well and carries not been written. The thing that one the reader along, with just that nice ponders as he looks throug the list- of introduction of the di scussion of the the plants that have been the outstand plants themselves that keeps the factual ing contributions from the several col portions fragrant with fl ower memories lectors and the small percentage that for the general reader who will have have come to take a common place in seen most of the plants not in fact but the garclen scene. But be this as it may in illustrati.on only. There are fine it is pleasant to return to the earliest photographs of the countryside, por periods to the times before Fortune and traits of some of the explorers and his contemporaries and then to come habit pictures of some of the more im slowly toward the remembered past. portant plants themselves. The book is divided into periods, by Las Pinaceas M eX'icGll7Gs . Maximino time rather than anything else although Martinez. YoU, from the Instituto the persons who worked within the pe cle Biologia, Mexico, 1945. 345 pages ri-od have much in common with their with index, illustrated. In Spanish. scene and yet that differing quali ty that Through the generosity of our di- made them "off and away." Some of rector, Mr·s. Walter Douglas and the them were pretty stodgy people; some kindness of the author this volume of them were people one would like to came to the editor. It deals solely with know personally. Some of the country the pines of Mexico leaving the treat- 194 T HE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1946 ment of the other conife rae until V 01- use in the USA, but as we travel more ume. II. into our sister republic's domains, it This is a very interesting book and will be a pleasure to look at the great one that will have to be taken into ac forests with a more knowing eye. count by any botanist of the future whether he be working only with the Brazil, Onhid of the T ropics. M ulford genus Pi11%S, or whether he is con and Racine Foster. The J acques cerned with the general fl ora. O ne of Cattell P ress, L ancaster, Pa., 1945. the seri ous handicaps that all scientific 31 4 pages, illustrated. $3.50. workers have fo und in recent years This is a friendly and very personal when we have been turning a more account of the trip which the Fosters considered eye toward the fl ora of our made to Braz il in search of the Brom hemisphere has been the lack of mod eliads which have been their special ern texts and modern treatments of the interest and study fo r years. It has all material at our very doorstep. the happy enthusiasm of something Dr. Martinez has been working for long dreamed of and then accomplished. years in this fiel d and hi s p resent work T he Fosters di d not have an eye exclu represents not only the study of what sively focussed on Bromeliads and ever texts there may have been and those readers who are not concerned they are several in this case, but also with these plants will find almost as a very considerable amount of her much to in terest them in the running barium matef'ial as well as the study account whi ch deals not {) nly with of the plants as they grow in the field . plants but with people and the life that :Mexico is relatively rich in pines and one leads in that country. they are related in some groups with If it di d nothing else, it should point species that extend northward into our out the way to others that can be fol own country. As in all parts of the lowed in travel with a horticultural and wo rld where pines grow there are spe botanical purpose. T here are still many cies of great value in the usual eco parts of the wo rld to be studied from nomic sense of that wo rd and others our point of view and the amateur, who like some of 0ur own that have li ttle. wi ll study and learn his material in A total of 75 t rees are considered, adva nce, can perhaps be the most valll which number includes vari eties as well able of all persons in the fi eld . as species. The plants fa ll in all the well remembered groups, so com 1110nly O ne reads of thi s trip with a wish used, in which they are grouped ac to emulate it. which should be an added cOl'ding to the number of needles in pleasure to the Mulfords and to all who the fascicles . But this is not the only have profited by their labors. well considered basis of the keys and is not the only matter that is stressed Science a·Jl d Scientists ·ill the Nether in the study of the individuals. Pos lands Il1dies. Peter Honig and Franz sibly the paragraphs in which the au Verdoorn. Board fo r the N ether thor presents his opinions and argu lands Indies. Surinam and Cura<;ao, ments to sustain them as to the group New York 1945. 491 pages. illus relationships, are the most interesting trated. parts. T hi s is a reference wo rk, made up as It is not likely that many of the spe it has been succinctl y put on the dust cies and fo rms will be of horticul tural jacket of: O riginal articles prepared Apr., 194D THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 195 especially for the volume, reprints of us who have known only the great si milar accounts previously published botanical garden in Buitenzorg, it will elsewhere, a nu·mber of travel accounts, be particularly helpful in the extending a number of shorter articles and a list of our knowledge and appreciation of of scientific institutions, societies, and the splendid work that has gone on in workers in the Netherlands Indies at this part of the world of which we prob the time of the Japanese invasion. It ably thought but little as we li ved our is not a volume that one reads quickly routine li ves, until the last war, touched or at times easily, but it is one to which us and quickened our interests and our the worker will return. To those of sympathies. The Gardener's Pocketbook From the Midwest Horticultural shadiest spot with a constant decora Society tion of graceful and colorful fo liage for many years. In dry spots watering Adian,fLt11If, Pedatu111, would be beneficial. The ferns as a group have not re This is one of the most beautiful of ceived the attention due them in the our native fe rns and one that responds average garden. As a group they fur excellently in culti vation if given hu nish a wide variety of forms and colors mus. of foliage that will thrive in the veriest C al-ystegia of shady situations. While some need The popularity of Morning Glories swampy conditions fo r best results, is well deserved. However, there are others are forest plants and delight many fences, arbors, and similar places a good humus condition although the where vines could be used effectively, majority will grow in any good loam. but which do not merit the trouble of Perhaps the most widely admired of annual planting. Here perennial vines the native ferns is the maidenhair are at their best. Attention has been (Adia1-/ t~tm pedat-u111). called to the pe ren ni al morning glory The maidenhair fern is a forest dwel (I P01/'1 ea pa11dttrata) (October, 1944) ler and is found in shady wooels in well which is quite tall growing and suitable drained situations well supplied with for porches and arbors, an d other tall leaf mold. The bright green leaves spots. are generally semi-circular with the California Rose which is li sted as leaflets arranged along the spoke-like CaZ-ystegia pubescens (Co'/'lvolvulus ja stalks. These stalks as well as all of ponica flore ple1w) is a vin e with dull the stems on the plant are a polished green, arrow shaped leaves and a peren red-brown. New leaves are produced nial root. Its general appearance is rather continuously all summer long. similar to many of the wi ld bindweeds. The -leaves start as small round circles The fl owers are a medium pink and of a beautiful ligh t red and unroll into quite double (the si ngle is less com the mature leaf. The plant grows from monly cul tivated). While the plant pro a short creeping wi ry underground duces the fl owers singly. it is in bloom stem. This may be transplanted at any from mid-sul11mer on and creates a season of the year if the foliage is re pleasing effect. T he foliage makes an moved. Place a quantity of its natural excellent cover fo r a fe nce. Long soi l or some good leaf mold around the stretches of boundary fence where a stem and it will proceed to grace the min imum of care can be given wi ll be 196 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1946 enhanced by the use of calystegia. A Besseyi wi th Prunus tome1'l,tosa,' these (Toad well drained soil and an exposure hybrids were of little value as fruit b . that is not heavily shaded are the mam .bearing shrubs, for though both parents requisites for successful culture. are very prolific the hybrids set fruit very sparingly. S pi1'ea Billia1'dii One of these hybrids however is In (T lancing through the spring cat- b . amongst our choicest spring flowering alogues I have noticed the space gIven shrubs. It grows to a height of about to an old plant of the spirea group. three feet with a spread of about five This species is being called "lilac" feet bearing immense quantities of spirea by some and others have given white flowers tipped with pink. Many their own apellations. S pi1'ea billiardii is a good and bad shrub. Its good of these flowers are open at the same points are its recurrent summer bloom, time and they last much longer in good and its pink flower spikes. The bad condition than its more fertile cousins. point is its open straggly habit. The Vie have named this hybrid P. X stems shoot up from a creeping under Eileen and our photograph shows one ground stem and grow from 4-5 feet spray in bloom. high. They arch slightly but not suf Prunus triloba s·i-mplex ficient to cover the open base of the The double flowered type of Prunus plant. Because the stems tend to spread triloba is one of the choicest of spring out a planting is needed to cover the flowering shrubs. Though apparently open base. quite hardy in Manitoba it does not As an in-between plant in a shrub always flower freely and is sometimes planting it is very good for the summer a little difficult to transplan.t. Occa bloom. The flowers are in spikes from sionally part of a bush will di e out for 6-8 inches long and are produced dur no apparent reason, or sometimes a ing summer and fall. The color is a whole bush will die while its neigh medium pink. Like most of the spireas bour will come through our winters this is not a fussy shrub in its cultural unscathed. requirements. It certainly is a good The single flowered form is a much addition to shrub plantings where sum more easily handled subject than the mer effect is lacking. Probably the type and under our conditions, much best use is interspersed among spring better suited for landscape work. They flowering spireas in bank and other are easily raised from seed and are easy mass plantings. to transplant neither do they suffer ELDRED GREEN from die back in the way the double P1'u.nus X Eileen flowered variety does. As an ornamental shrub Pn£11us to Like all the Prunus fami ly, Pnm:us m.entosa is qui te a lovely thing with its tTiloba si11'l,pk1: fl owers with the great white, pink tipped flowers in spring and est freedom and there is a great deal of its brilliant red fruits in autumn. Un variation in both colot!r and form, some fortunately it has the habit of opening having much wider petals than others. only a few flowers at a time which de The colour varies from pure white to tracts a great deal from its ornamental deep rose pink, some of these deep value in spring. coloured and wide petaled fo rms are In endeavoring to raise a hardy free very beautiful and worthy of being cul fruiting cherry suited to the climate of tivated vegetatively. The single flow Manitoba, I crossed our native Prunus ered forms fl ower from a week to ten Apr., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 197 P,'unus X Eileen Prunus t011~entosa days earlier than the double type and These are larger, not recurved, white are therefore worthy of a place in gar with the backs of the petals heavily dens even where the type is thorough shaded with lavender. They have ly reliable. spotted leaves. These erythroniums F. L. SKINNER, take kindly to cultivation and soon Dropmore, Manitoba. make large clumps which produce many flowers. Erythroniu1ns MRS. H. F. STEWART, The wild or native bulbs are very Saffordville, Kansas. beautiful. We have two kinds of Ru,tger's tomato Erythroniums or dog-tooth violets. E. .albidu11'L grows in our woods and is a On page 270 of THE NATIONAL very shy bloomer but the blooms look BORTIeUL TURAL MAGAZINE for last like tiny lilies. The old bulbs of these October, is the f.o llowing statement in send out a long white runner under regard to Rutger's tomato: "Rutger's, ground at the end of which the new however, is not adapted to the heavy, bulbs form, so this variety never grows rich prairie soils of the Corn Belt be into close clumps. E. mesa.chore'u111, cause it grows too rank and does not grows in full sun in the prairies, and set heavy crops." May I say that we I have seen meadows white with them. live on the western edge of the Corn 198 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1946 Belt; no soil can be richer or heavier chrysanthemum, single pink and tall. than we have here; and Rutger's is one For the middle border I have plants of the hi ghest rated of the varieties rec of different heights such as Helenium ommended fo r this section. I have in four named varieties. Doronicum, grown it for several years and consider as many single K orean Chrysanthe.. it the best that I can get fo r the main mums as I can get to survive our win crop. Last year I grew plants from ters, Black-eyed-Susans, Heliopsis, certified seed, set them out in June Shasta Daisies, Elder and wild daisies, and from 65 plants we had all we Pyrethrums, Rudbeckia My J oy, sev wanted for table use, canning, juice and eral woods asters, in palest lavenders, I gave away a lot. People who saw pink cone fl ower Echinacea, Aster Fri them said they had never seen so many kartii, Coreopsis, Anthemis K elwayi tomatoes on vines such as those we and all the lovely colors of the annual had. If it had not been fo r a fl ood China asters. on September 30, they would have con Next to the grass I have the low tinued to ·bear heavily till killed by plants, dwarf baby asters, the Dahlberg frost. daisy, and the African dai sy Dimor MRS. H. F. STEWART, photheca. There are many more that Saffordville, Kansas. I want but searching for new plants each year is lots of fun. Plants Wanted One might think a planting like this, Magnoz.ia Campbelli and other dwarf monotonous, but the flower petals vary magnolias. so much in width and the colors and MRS. GRACE HOUSER, shapes the centers are so di stinct that 755 West 11th St., I do not .find it so. Pomona, Calif. MRS. C LYDE E. MARSH, Hamilton, Ohio, My Daisy Borde?' This border, created because of my A Shn(,b or Two in Connectic·u,t fo ndness fo r dai sies runs along one Jas·/'Jl.inu7n 'lIudifloru1n is hardy side of our large vegetable garden in enough, but the fl owering is not as which I "slave" a good many hours ea rl y as I had hoped for, seldom com each summer. Before it lies a six-foot ing much before forsythia. I t should trip of very nice lawn, the very best be backed, I thi nk by brick or stone for on the place! really ea rly fl owerin g. LOlliccra frag For tall plants in the back I have rantissi11'la is all that its name impli es both annual and perennial ·sunflowers ; and in normal ""inters is nearly ever the annual ones, small-flowered pink green. St:vra,1,: japollica is now a mass and ye llow, and the perennial one, of sprouts, all that is left of a fine 25 H elianthus org'yalis because of its love foot specimen. The same is true of ly fo liage. Butter daisies, Cosmos enormous bushes of H a 1/'la I/l elis lJl.ollis Orange and Yellow Flare, Tithonia, and H . ja.ponica arborea. It was a sad tall perennial asters including Violetta, day when I cut them down. I remem Skylands Q ueen, Queen Mary, Mt. ber one January when H. mol/is rose Everest, Harrington's Pink (that love from the snow in full bloo l11 as it will ly pink aster) , and Barr's Pink which again, for the sprouts are very vigorous. isn't pink. There is also the wild pur My one entirely dep e l~da·ble extra-early ple New England aster and a seedling bloomer is C01'1t.us kIas. The one here Apr., 19.t6 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 199 Clallde Hope [See page 202] Loropetal/un clt il'l ellse was planted against the south side of a cold day in early Spring. Pothergilla the house for warmth, and 110W rises major is a joy, one of the best shrubs to the eaves. Its yellow cloud again t of early Spring. Here it is a neat thing the old white house is very pleasant on over 6 feet tall. covered to the ground 20(') THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1946 when in bloom with its curious and sules with the seeds fastened tightl'y beautiful white tufts of flowers, and in along one side rib of the roomy cham the Fall, a flame. Daphne mezereU111 ber. I have often wondered at their never disappoints me. From that day house being so large. Most seed pods in early Spring when I lifted it from are filled to capacity, but not the in its box full of fragrant flowers, till now, digo. One has almost to sit up with years afterwards. V1:bu1'1Hl11'L C arles-ii them along towards ripening time or was mine whe)1 it was first offered; it some insect beats one to them. Often grew and bloomed for several years, while the pod was still slightly green I then suddenly died. I haven't tried V. have gathered them thinking that time Burl0.'Voodii yet. Our native V. alni I would be able to get good seed, only fOHu11'!, planted in a dark corner, is a to find them eaten out and destroyed. most satisfactory early bloomer, with Fully ten years ago I was fortunate its salvers of incandescent white. An enough to get to the plants at exactly Exochorda which came to me as E. the right time and gathered about a gmndiftom but is probably a Giraldi'i half pint of good seed. That fall I form and a very beautiful shrub need made a considerable planting of them, ing more room than it has here so I also the following spring, but not a cannot judge of its habit of growth. seed germinated. For a year or two H a11'w,1nelis vi1'g1'mana should be after I tried different ways of planting more used. Its late bloom starts off that seed but never a plant to show f~r the witch-hazel pr()cession, which fol it. lows with H. vernalis, then H. lIIollis Five years ago last spring we moved and then H. japo111:ca these four to our farm here and of course the box precious shrubs which in a favorable of seed came along. Some way I never season give me bloom from November got them entirely looked over until the until Daph11e M eZe1'eU1n time. fall of '44. When I found the package of ELLIOT S. FOOTE, old indigo seed I started to throw it in West Hartford, Conn. the fire but never could bear to burn any seed. So took it out and scattered Tif/iid Blue Indigo it on a vacant spot in the rock garden, The wild blue indigo. Baptisia ves I did not in any sense plant it. just perti1w, is one of the beauties of the threw it away, but from force of habit sand dunes found in the Kansas plains. I stuck up a marker, and thought no It has wide, dark green, much divided, more about it. Last spring I noticed lupin-like leaves which form loose low some seedlings in that spot that re mounds of green from which rises the minded me of the old "lupin." and reo stiff spires of deep blue pea-flowers. ferred to the marker which showed it An old, well grown plant will have really was that plant. It took me a often as many as twelve or fifteen such few minutes to recall throwing the old showy bloom stems. Characteristically seed there. Without the marker I the blooms start opening at the bottom would never have been sure. of the spike, the upper part of which There are about twenty husky plants. keeps growing and developing new several of which were transplanted buds. The flowers stay in perfect con when the first true leaves appeared. dition for days, consequently the bloom Late in the summer I lifted a few to ing period covers a satisfying length send to an eastern grower and found of time. The pods are fat green cap- even then. getting to the bottom of Apr., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTUR...A.L MAGAZINE 201 Claude Hope [See page 202] C hiona11 thu.s retusus Chinese F1'il1getree 202 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURp_L MAGAZINE Apr., 1946 their roots a task. Consequently they suffer and look shabby as winter ad will probably stay where they are, vances, falling sometimes in the Spring which is anything but an ideal siuation in whole or in part. for them, as in their native home they ·When the weather is favorable, the grow in a strictly neutral, loose, sandy fl owering, here, begins in the autumn, soil; in full sun and wind. Here they but usually there is no catch bloom, and will be shaded all afternoon and the one must wait till Spring, when the soil is heavy and quite acid. I think whole plant is dressed in the fleecy ap I will try moving a few of them in the pearing masses. The texture of the spring to more congenial surroundings, flow er mass is so distinct that it com hoping they will reward me with at petes well with the other spring-bloom least a few of their ,fine indigo spires. ing shrubs that are also white, be it But the why of their coming up so pure or tinted. sturdily now after their former sulky Washington, D. C. performance is a puzzle to me. MRS. H. P. MAGERS, Chionanthus 1'etusa (See page 201) Mountain Home, Arkansas. Like LMopetalu11'L) this too has had a strange history. It is not easy to LMopetalu 111. chinense (See page 199) propagate and so its abseflce is perhaps This is a shrub that has been out understandable. Like other plants with of horticultural notice for many a year pithy stems it does not yield easily to and for no good reason perhaps, si nce the tricks of the propagator who wants it will root from cuttings. To be sure to raise cuttings and the same char no propagator will mistake his task for acteristic, in grafting. is bothersome. such as rooting of privet of cleutzia. even when seedlings of the natiYe but he can do it if he will, and now that Fringetree are available. the scientists are all taking a look at It is high time, however, that some such matters he can invoke their ar one really made a job of it and pro tifices. duced it by the hundreds. In no way If one looks in Dr. Bailey's inevitable does it compete with the native species. cyclopedia, which wasn't printed yes In that, the habit is open, and the terday, he will find a fair li st of bibliog drooping panj.c1es of lacy flow ers are raphic references all of which anticlate quite large enough and lax enough to the cyclopedia. \!\T hat is the catch, just give a special quality to the whole, as the accident of sales and demand? if some thin white cloud had filled the The shrub belongs in the \!\Ti tch tree with a whiteness as subtle as the hazel family as one can easily guess fragrance. In this plant, the panicles if he looks at the photograph, although are much shorter, the petals stubbier. the bush habit is much more twiggy and the whole mass more compact so and compact. During the growing sea that the white masses thicken over the son and through the summer well into growing foliage. The photograph the trying days of winter, the bush is shows the detail of the inflorescence well dressed with smallish, rather dull well enough and suggests the character leaves that look as if they were going of the individual flower. to be evergreen. Doubtless they are The plant itself is usually described in the South or in frost free climates. as a shmb to small tree but there is but here, where it is on the upper limit rarely a suggestion as to in what part of its supposed hardiness, the leaves of the country, the plant makes the Apr., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL IvIAGAZI NE 203 L Robert L. To'y/or [See page 204] Coreopsis ti11ctoria small tree. Here, the oldest pla nts have other small trees alld such there is reached about 15 feet in a little over every reason to believe that its upright 20 years. They grow with several stems habit is unnatural, with the ascendin g and although they a re crowded in with trunks forming a broad flat head o,'er 204 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1946 which the waves of white flowers surge pink to crimson flowers out of tune in June. Fruiting, as seems to be the with everything else. case in the native species, is unpre From the strong rosette the plants didable and the fruits themselves ripen send up well branched stems that irregularly in the panicle, so that one spread nicely each branch bearing its who wants to gather them, must visit load of bloom. the tree again and again if they are not The illustration shows the flowers eaten first by the wild things that are grown from mixed seeds with a fair proportion of semi-double blooms, the always hungry. doubling coming from extra ray florets Washington, D. C. and from petaloid development of the disk florets. Possibly the time may Calliopsis (See page 203) come, as it already has come for the Although this old and familiar annual marigold, when the ray florets are sur must now be called Coreopsis tinctoria pressed and the disk florets go quite for many of us who have known it as a wild, making what the illiterate quite familiar and permanent garden resi glibly call 'mums'. Although my own dent, it will remain Calliopsis. It is a personal prej udices have been quite good American and seems to be the overcome, as far as marigolds are con only one of several species from our cerned, I still welcome the occasional Great Plains with their greatest con marigold that brazenly reverts to a centration in Texas. Its European de single row of ray florets typical of its but must have been about 1824, for it presumptive ancestor, and a great cone appears in Curtis Botanical Magazine of disk flowers. as Plate 2512 (1824) and in Edward's Unlike marigolds which are strong Botanical Register as Plate 846 (18 .. ) and vigorous plants, the calliposis is an and these journals were then, as Curtis airy piece and one can imagine a cer Botanical Magazine still is, indices of tain loss of lightness if all the flowers current novelties in the horticultural were solid heads of shaggy curling world. petals. Seed catalogues from the continent, The yellows are clear and rich; the have in their time shown a diversity of brown reds warm and intense. The races the diversity coming chiefly in spottings and fleckings vary in degree stature and in the degree of dark crim and kind as can be seen from the photo son brown that marked the ray florets. graph, except that no flower is there For best success, it should be sown to represent the old variety The Turk early in the garden where it is to flow in which the ground was warm marOOn er. Certainly from Washington south and the yellow showed only as scattered wards or in any other place where the spots of various sizes. winters are not too cold, it should be The flowers last well when cut and sown in the autumn so that a fine flat the plants give off a faint resinous rosette and a good tap root can form odor as do many composites. before cold weather. Once established it will self-sow freely and the problem N icotiana (See page 205) will be which seedlings to leave and As far as gardens go, not many which to pull. This is important since species of Nicotiana enter into that it blooms here at Polyantha rose time sort of cultivation and this is no place -as well as later-and can set their for the discussion of the others that Apr., 1946 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 205 I _ __ --1 Robert L. Taylor [See page 204] Flowe1"ing tobacco: Nicotiana alata 206 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Apr., 1946 make up that numerous family. As far away. Even the partial clipping of the as this reporter is concerned, he will leaves did not appear necessary. Once supinely follow Mr. Ricker's treatment transplanted no further attention seems in Bailey's Cyclopedia and take for necessary. granted that his· plants would come un The flowering sprays last well when der what Dr. Bailey records as N. a,la;ta cut and a fair proportion ot the buds var. gmndiflo1'a and the horticultural continue to open. Inside, in a not too race known as N . Sanderae. It is quite strong light, the flowers stay open all possi·ble that am01Jg them all there is day but to this nose at least, the per not a single individual that would pre fume comes only in the evening and cisely fit the descriptions of either of early night. It is a pervasive, but not the cited races. oppressive scent and suggest in a vague It should be understood from the be way the scent of its cousin the· petunia. ginning that the chief if not the sole The flowers in the picture illustrate purpose of growing the flowering to well enough their physical appearance, baccos, is to fill the. garden with per the uppermost from a flower that must fume after sundown. The plant has have known something of N. Sanderae, little beauty to C011lmend it, with a more at some stage; the lower two come or lees ungainly habit, a tendency to closer to N. alata . 'lean on its elb ow' as it were and often If the gardener lives far North and enough thin flowering shoots. All this has to hurry between frosts he wi ll may be due to the acid soils in the sow his seed inside, pot off the seed writer's garden since Mr. Ricker plain lings and set them out when the weath ly states that the soil should be rich er is warm. If he lives hereabouts, he in lime and potash. can sow the seed outside in April and The seed like that of many of get good flowering. The first frosts of solanaceous plants, is very small so that autoumn do not kill the plant, only the one overplants no matter how carefully half-opened flowers and many more he distributes it. The seedlings grow will come should there be an Indian well in warm weather and transplant Summer. The plants themselves usual more sU0cessfully than their insignifi ly have to be pulled out quite green. gant early root system would suggest. Further south, the plant is reported The writer still recalls the first time as a perennial and from all parts there he moved seedli ng nicotianas alad his are uniform stories of its natural self amazement that all did not wither sowl11g. SOCIETIES AFFILIATED WITH THE AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY (Continued from page i) The Trowel Club, Washington Garden Club, Mrs. Robert M. Hinckley, Mrs. Stacy Noland, Pres., 4655 Garfield St., N. W., 3616 N. Albemarle St., Washington, D. C. Arlington, ·Va. Tulsa Garden Club, Woman's Dept. Club, Garden Dept., Mrs. Allen Henry, Pr~. , . 802 Margaret Place, 1301 South Yale, Shreveport, La. Tulsa 4, Okla. Woodlawn Garden Club, Twin Falls Garden Club, Mrs. A .. F. Schwichtenberg, Sec'y, Mrs. R. C. Scott, Treas., 4845 N. 16th St, Twin Falls, Idaho Arlington, Va. Victoria Horticultural Society, W oodridge Garden Club, Mr. D. D. McTavish, Secy., Mr. George Targett, Pres., Victoria, B. c., Canada 2948 Carlton Ave., N. E., Wayside Garden Club, Washington, D. C. Mrs. S. M. Sisley, Pres., Worcester County Horticultural Society, 2224 S. Indianapoli5, 30 Elm Street, Tulsa, Okla. Worcester, Mass. I The American Horticultural Society , INVITES to membership all persons who are interested in the devel opment of a great national society that shall serve as an ever growing center for the dissemination of the common knowledge of the members. There is no requirement for membership other than this and no reward beyond a share in the development of the organization. For its members the society publishes THE NATIONAL HORTICUL TURAL MAGAZINE, at the present time a quarterly of increasing impor tance among the horticultural publications of the da.y' and destined to fill an even larger role as the society grows. It is published during the months of January, April, July and October and is written by and for members. Under the present organization of the society with special committees appointed for the furthering of special plant projects the members will receive advance material on narcissus, tulips, lilies, rock garden plants, conifers, nuts, and rhododendrons. Membership in the society, therefore, brings op.e the advantages of membership in many societies. In addition to these special projects, the usual garden subjects are covered and particular att~ntion is paid to new or little known plants that are not commonly described elsewhere. The American Horticultural Society invites not only personal mem berships but affiliations with horticultural societies and clubs. To· such it offers some special inducements in memberships. Memberships are by the calendar year. The Annual Meeting of the Society is held in Washington, D. c., and members are invited to attend tke special lectures that are given at that time. These are announced to the membership at the time of balloting. Thr :mnual dues are three dollars the year. payable in advance: life mf'mf, r r ~ hip is onr hundred dollars: inquiry as to affiliation should be :l dd re s~ e d to the Secretary, 821 Washington Loan and Trust Building, W ashin p:ton. D. C.