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TAXON:Clivia Robusta Bgmurray & Al. SCORE:3.0

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TAXON:Clivia Robusta Bgmurray & Al. SCORE:3.0 TAXON: Clivia robusta B.G.Murray SCORE: 3.0 RATING: Low Risk & al. Taxon: Clivia robusta B.G.Murray & al. Family: Amaryllidaceae Common Name(s): bush lily Synonym(s): Clivia robusta var. citrina swamp clivia Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 8 Sep 2016 WRA Score: 3.0 Designation: L Rating: Low Risk Keywords: Perennial Herb, Toxic, Shade Tolerant, Rhizomatous, Bird-Dispersed Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 n Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 n outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 n 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 y 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens y=1, n=0 n 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 y 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems y=1, n=0 n 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y=1, n=0 y Creation Date: 8 Sep 2016 (Clivia robusta B.G.Murray Page 1 of 16 & al.) TAXON: Clivia robusta B.G.Murray SCORE: 3.0 RATING: Low Risk & al. Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone 410 y=1, n=0 n conditions if not a volcanic island) 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 n 412 Forms dense thickets y=1, n=0 n 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs 504 y=1, n=0 n -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native 601 y=1, n=0 n habitat 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 y 603 Hybridizes naturally 604 Self-compatible or apomictic y=1, n=-1 n 605 Requires specialist pollinators 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 y 607 Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1 >3 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants 701 y=1, n=-1 n growing in heavily trafficked areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 y 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant y=1, n=-1 n 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal y=1, n=-1 n 705 Propagules water dispersed 706 Propagules bird dispersed y=1, n=-1 y 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) y=1, n=-1 n 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut y=1, n=-1 y 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) y=1, n=-1 n Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 802 yr) 803 Well controlled by herbicides 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire y=1, n=-1 y Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced 805 biocontrol agents) Creation Date: 8 Sep 2016 (Clivia robusta B.G.Murray Page 2 of 16 & al.) TAXON: Clivia robusta B.G.Murray SCORE: 3.0 RATING: Low Risk & al. Supporting Data: Qsn # Question Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? n Source(s) Notes {Recently described] "Clivia robusta B.G. Murray, Ran, de Lange, Murray, B. G., Ran, Y., De Lange, P. J., Hammett, K. R. W., Hammett, Truter et Swanevelder sp. nov. (Amaryllidaceae) is a Truter, J. T., & Swanevelder, Z. H. (2004). A new species of tubular, pendulous-flowered Clivia species, restricted to the Clivia (Amaryllidaceae) endemic to the Pondoland Centre Pondoland Centre of Endemism, South Africa. The unique of Endemism, South Africa. Botanical Journal of the morphology, distribution, karyotype and molecular fingerprint Linnean Society, 146(3), 369-374 distinguish it from all other pendulous-flowered species in the genus." 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2016. Personal Communication NA 103 Does the species have weedy races? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2016. Personal Communication NA Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" Source(s) Notes "Habitat: Afromontane Forest in the Pondoland Centre of Endemism, Murray, B. G., Ran, Y., De Lange, P. J., Hammett, K. R. W., ϬʹϱϬϬm." ... "This 1880 km2 large outcrop of Msikaba Formation Truter, J. T., & Swanevelder, Z. H. (2004). A new species of sandstone is characterized topographically by rugged plateaus ;ϭϬϬʹ Clivia (Amaryllidaceae) endemic to the Pondoland Centre ϱϬϬm a.s.l.) that are deeply dissected by narrow river gorges in of Endemism, South Africa. Botanical Journal of the which isolated forest patches, with mixed tropical and Afromontane Linnean Society, 146(3), 369-374 elements, are confined." 202 Quality of climate match data High Source(s) Notes Murray, B. G., Ran, Y., De Lange, P. J., Hammett, K. R. W., Truter, J. T., & Swanevelder, Z. H. (2004). A new species of Clivia (Amaryllidaceae) endemic to the Pondoland Centre of Endemism, South Africa. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 146(3), 369-374 Creation Date: 8 Sep 2016 (Clivia robusta B.G.Murray Page 3 of 16 & al.) TAXON: Clivia robusta B.G.Murray SCORE: 3.0 RATING: Low Risk & al. Qsn # Question Answer 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) n Source(s) Notes Murray, B. G., Ran, Y., De Lange, P. J., Hammett, K. R. W., Truter, J. T., & Swanevelder, Z. H. (2004). A new species of "Habitat: Afromontane Forest in the Pondoland Centre of Endemism, Clivia (Amaryllidaceae) endemic to the Pondoland Centre ϬʹϱϬϬm." of Endemism, South Africa. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 146(3), 369-374 Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y subtropical climates Source(s) Notes "Habitat: Afromontane Forest in the Pondoland Centre of Endemism, Murray, B. G., Ran, Y., De Lange, P. J., Hammett, K. R. W., ϬʹϱϬϬm." ... "This 1880 km2 large outcrop of Msikaba Formation Truter, J. T., & Swanevelder, Z. H. (2004). A new species of sandstone is characterized topographically by rugged plateaus ;ϭϬϬʹ Clivia (Amaryllidaceae) endemic to the Pondoland Centre ϱϬϬm a.s.l.) that are deeply dissected by narrow river gorges in of Endemism, South Africa. Botanical Journal of the which isolated forest patches, with mixed tropical and Afromontane Linnean Society, 146(3), 369-374 elements, are confined." "Restricted to Msikaba Formation sandstone, the habitat is characterised by rugged plateaus (100 500 m above sea level) that The Clivia Society. 2016. Clivia robusta. are deeply dissected by narrow river gorges, within which occur http://cliviasociety.co.za/clivia_robusta.html. [Accessed 8 isolated forest patches, containing mixed tropical and Afromontane Sep 2016] elements. Mean annual rainfall varies from 1 000-1 200 mm and occurs mainly in the summer months. The mean annual temperature along the coast is around 20°C." Does the species have a history of repeated 205 n introductions outside its natural range? Source(s) Notes [No evidence. Recently described] "Clivia robusta B.G. Murray, Ran, Murray, B. G., Ran, Y., De Lange, P. J., Hammett, K. R. W., de Lange, Hammett, Truter et Swanevelder sp. nov. (Amaryllidaceae) Truter, J. T., & Swanevelder, Z. H. (2004). A new species of is a tubular, pendulous-flowered Clivia species, restricted to the Clivia (Amaryllidaceae) endemic to the Pondoland Centre Pondoland Centre of Endemism, South Africa. The unique of Endemism, South Africa. Botanical Journal of the morphology, distribution, karyotype and molecular fingerprint Linnean Society, 146(3), 369-374 distinguish it from all other pendulous-flowered species in the genus." 301 Naturalized beyond native range n Source(s) Notes Randall, R.P. 2012. A Global Compendium of Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western No evidence Australia Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R.& Lorence, D.H. 2016. Flora of the Hawaiian Islands. Smithsonian Institution, No evidence to date Washington, D.C. http://botany.si.edu/. [Accessed 8 Sep 2016] 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n Creation Date: 8 Sep 2016 (Clivia robusta B.G.Murray Page 4 of 16 & al.) TAXON: Clivia robusta B.G.Murray SCORE: 3.0 RATING: Low Risk & al. Qsn # Question Answer Source(s) Notes Randall, R.P. 2012. A Global Compendium of Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western No evidence Australia 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n Source(s) Notes Randall, R.P. 2012. A Global Compendium of Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western No evidence Australia 304 Environmental weed n Source(s) Notes Randall, R.P. 2012. A Global Compendium of Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western No evidence Australia 305 Congeneric weed n Source(s) Notes Randall, R.P.
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